Multi-fuel burning apparatus

Abstract

A multi-fuel burning apparatus configured to burn a variety of different biomass fuel and including a thermoelectric generator is disclosed. The apparatus estimates fuel consumption, thereby providing a user with information as to when the apparatus will require more fuel.

Description

Attorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817INTERNATIONAL PATENT APPLICATION MULTI-FUEL BURNING APPARATUSRELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] The subject disclosure claims priority to and benefit of U. S. provisional patent application no. 63 / 727,656, filed December 3, 2024, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference.FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0002] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a multi-fuel burning apparatus, and more specifically, to systems, devices and methodologies for fuel usage measurement and usage tracking thereof.BACKGROUND

[0003] Currently, there are known systems / devices for measuring energy consumption including, for example, plug-in power meters, which measure appliance energy consumption plugged into an outlet but cannot measure non-electrical fuel consumption; prepaid meters, which allow the user to prepay for a set amount of fuel or energy, and usage stops when the prepaid amount is depleted; fuel purchase models, which involve recording and tracking the fuel purchase history, assuming it reflects the actual fuel consumption as indicated by the fuel supplier; and electronics run time models, which track usage by recording the total run time of devices, often triggered by an on / off switch or similar mechanism.

[0004] Plug in and prepaid power meters are designed to exclusively measure energy (e.g., electricity, propane / natural gas consumption) and this technology cannot be directly applied to biomass energy consumption if that energy is harvested from solid biomass fuel such as firewood, briquettes, pellets or any other agricultural waste.

[0005] Electronics run time and fuel purchase models assume that the fuel will be used as directed. Therefore, they do not directly measure energy consumption and are prone to inaccurate reporting of fuel usage for alternative fuel.

[0006] With respect to stove monitoring, current technology includes temperature sensors and data loggers, which monitor (and are limited to) surface temperature and cannot directly measure fuel consumption,Attorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817

[0007] With respect to conventional forced draft technologies for enhancing combustion efficiency, the following technology is known: plug-in forced draft stoves powered by an external power source to supply air to the combustion chamber; thermoelectric generator or “TEG” Powered Fan Syste s, which uses a TEG to power a fan that provides forced air into a combustion chamber; and battery powered stoves that use a battery to run fans that supply air to the combustion chamber.

[0008] Conventional implementation of forced draft stoves is focused on providing air for efficient fuel combustion. Some TEG forced draft stoves can power peripheral devices such as lamps and mobile phones, but they do not provide data on amount of fuel burnt to generate the electric power.

[0009] With respect to conventional multi-fuel stoves, the following technology is known: dedicated firewood stoves are optimized only for burning firewood and are not designed to efficiently burn other biomass fuels (e.g., pellets or briquettes); pellet and briquette stoves are designed for pellets and briquettes only to ensure optimal combustion (for these fuels) but cannot accommodate firewood or agricultural waste effectively; agricultural biomass fuel stoves use agricultural residues like rice husks and corn cobs. While suitable for such wastes, they are not designed for firewood or manufactured fuels, limiting their versatility; and multi¬ fuel stoves, which claim to burn multiple fuel types such as firewood, pellets, and briquettes, however, such stoves require users to modify fuel size and shape, which is impractical in household use, since most users prefer to minimize fuel preparation activities.

[0010] Conventional multi-fuel stoves face several limitations. For example, in fuel preparation users often need to modify the size or shape of the fuel, which is both impractical and labor-intensive; cutting firewood into specific cube or cuboid shapes requires specialized tools and significant effort. Secondly, tire varying combustion characteristics of different fuels can lead to inefficiencies and inconsistent performance. Additionally, multi-fuel stoves often fail to deliver effective, flexible fuel handling in real-world applications, reducing their overall usability.

[0011] These and other concerns of the state of the art are addressed by at least some embodiments of the present disclosure, the summary and details of which follow below.SUMMARY

[0012] An embodiment of the disclosure relates to a multi-fuel burning apparatus configured to bum a variety of different biomass, and including a thermoelectric generator (TEG).Attorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817

[0013] In some embodiments, the apparatus can include a temperature assessment device to estimate fuel consumption of the apparatus. In some embodiments, the apparatus can be configured to feed biomass fuel via a side port / door, (a side fuel fed configuration) which can also, in some embodiments, can be converted into a top-lit updraft gasifier for burning pellets (for example). Such a conversion can be achieved by inserting a cylindrical vessel sized and shaped to block air leaks in the side fuel fed configuration, thereby creating a pressurized annular space between the insert and an apparatus-riser. The multi-fuel capability allows utilization of readily available firewood as well as agricultural biomass wastes in the form of pellets or briquettes.

[0014] In another embodiment, the multi -fuel burning apparatus of the present disclosure includes fuel consumption data. Fuel consumption is measured by combining data from the heat conducting component (e.g. a calibrated thermal mass) and TEG output so as to estimate fuel use. This provides the user with information as to when the apparatus will require more fuel.

[0015] Some embodiments of the present disclosure include continuous monitoring and reporting. In some embodiments, fuel usage detection enables continuous monitoring of apparatus usage so as to produce comprehensive reports that provide insights into usage patterns, aiding users and stakeholders in tracking apparatus performance and achieving better operational efficiency.

[0016] The embodiments of the present disclosure are easily scalable and adaptable to various types of biomass fuels, including firewood, briquettes, pellets, and agricultural waste. for suitability for a wide range of applications and needs.

[0017] In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a multi -fuel burning apparatus including: a combustion chamber configured to bum a variety- of different biomass fuel, and a thermoelectric generator including a hot side and a cold side.

[0018] In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a multi-fuel burning apparatus, including: a vessel configured to receive a riser insert, wherein the riser insert is configured to receive biomass fuel; a heat conducting component configured to receive heat energy generated by¬ combustion of the biomass fuel; a thermoelectric generator (TEG) thermally coupled to the heat conducting component and configured to convert the heat energy into electrical energy based on a temperature differential between a hot side and a cold side; a heat sink and a cooling system operatively coupled to the TEG to maintain the cold-side temperature; andAttorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817energy management system electrically coupled to the TEG and including a Maximum Power Point Tracking circuit configured to regulate voltage and current output from the TEG; and a data processing system configured to log operational data, calculate energy metrics, and determine conversion efficiency of the TEG relative to total energy input.

[0019] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method for converting thermal energy from biomass fuel into electrical energy and monitoring system performance, including: capturing heat energy from combustion of biomass fuel using a thermal capture unit; transferring the heat energy to a thermoelectric generator to generate electrical energy based on a temperature gradient; regulating the electrical energy using a Maximum Power Point Tracking circuit; logging operational data including temperature and electrical parameters; and calculating energy conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric generator relative to total energy input.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the components for a multi-fuel burning apparatus according to some embodiments. The multi-fuel burning apparatus comprises a system configured for heat capture and conversion to electric energy (1) derived from biomass fuel, energy management (2) of the generated energy, and data processing (3).

[0021] FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an example multi-fuel burning apparatus showing various components.

[0022] FIG. 3 is a secti onal view of an example multi-fuel burning apparatus in the side fuel fed configuration burning firewood.

[0023] FIG. 4 is a sectional view of an example multi-fuel burning apparatus in the side fuel fed configuration burning briquettes.

[0024] FIG. 5 is a side perspective view of an example multi-fuel burning apparatus in an exterior view, with the riser insert removed.

[0025] FIG. 6 is a sectional view of an example multi-fuel burning apparatus in the top-lit updraft gasifier configuration burning wood pellets.

[0026] FIG. 7 is a side perspective view of an example multi-fuel burning apparatus configured with additional devices, such as a solar panel and a smart device.

[0027] FIG. 8 is an exploded view of the heat conducting component, the hot side of the thermoelectric generator, and the heat sink.Attorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817

[0028] FIG. 9 is an exploded view of the heat sink, the cold side of the thermoelectric generator, and the heat conducting component.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Embodiments of the present disclosure address the shortcomings of conventional technologies discussed above by providing a thermoelectric generator (TEG)-based multi-fuel burning apparatus. The apparatus described herein may be used to cook food, as a heater, or as a source of energy. In some embodiments, the system directly measures the amount of energy generated by the apparatus by recording the power output of the TEG and using the module’s conversion rate to compute the thermal energy input as a direct measurement of the heat energy produced by the apparatus. Accordingly, such embodiments solve the problem of not having a device that directly measures biomass fuel consumption, especially for each usage event.Overview

[0030] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of the components for a multi-fuel burning apparatus according to some embodiments. The multi-fuel burning apparatus comprises a system configured for heat capture and conversion to electric energy (1) derived from biomass fuel, energy management (2) of the generated energy, and data processing (3). The system includes a calibrated thermal capture unit (heat conducting component) operatively coupled to a TEG, wherein the thermal capture unit receives heat energy from combustion and transfers the heat to the TEG. The TEG has temperature gradient between a hot side and a cold side. A heat sink and fan (cooling system) are coupled to the TEG to maintain the cold¬ side temperature and enhance conversion efficiency. The TEG outputs electrical energy (TEG voltage and current) to an energy management subsystem comprising a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) printed circuit board (PCB) and a momentary switch for selective control. A data processing subsystem is electrically coupled to the energy management subsystem and configured to perform data logging, calculate energy metrics including power and voltage relationships, and determine TEG conversion efficiency relative to total energy input. The system architecture facilitates integrated thennal-to-electric conversion, optimized energy regulation, and real-time performance monitoring.Multi-fuel burning apparatus[00311 FIG. 2 illustrates an example multi-fuel burning apparatus showing various components. A riser insert 44 comprising an inner wall 25 and an outer wall 31 and multipleAttorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817axially spaced openings can be inserted through a top opening of a vessel configured to receive the riser insert. In this example, the riser insert is cylindrical. The riser insert inner wall 25 is radially spaced from the riser insert outer wall 31 to define an annular air space 34. The outer wall 31 includes axially spaced openings that deliver air from the riser insert annular air space 34 into the cornbustion volume at different heights. The riser insert 44 comprises upper riser insert air holes 24, intermediate riser insert air holes 27, and lower riser insert air holes 30. An annular air passage 33 extends along and between the riser 41 and the outer annulus wall 17, from a region adjacent the combustion chamber 13 upward, and carries pressurized combustion air to a plurality of primary air inlets 22 and secondary air holes 19 and 20. The example apparatus shown in FIG. 2 further comprises recessed grate 28 that suspends the biomass above the base, and an ash tray 26. The riser insert 44 may further be supported by support rods 45, rigid elongate members extending downward from the riser insert 44 that support the riser insert and its fuel load above the grate 28. During use, the user can initially pull back the annulus bottom lid 36 (see for example FIG. 3) to allow ash to fall through to the ash tray 26, facilitating easy cleaning.

[0032] A heat conducting component 5 extends into the combustion chamber to capture heat and transfer the heat to the hot side of the TEG 14 (see also FIG. 8). The TEG 6 converts heat energy into electrical energy when there is a sufficient temperature difference between hot and cold sides. The cold side of the TEG 15 (see also FIG. 9) can be connected to a thermal dissipation unit, which can include a heat sink 7 and / or a cooling system 10 (e.g. fan). Accordingly, the cooling system draws in cold ambient air, passes it over and / or through the heat sink 7 to absorb heat and then directs the preheated air into the combustion chamber 13, thereby improving combustion efficiency. A power control board 9 can be provided, based on MPPT, and efficiently harvests energy generated by the TEG 6. The power control board 9 powers the cooling system 10, ensuring continuous airflow through the heat sink 7 and into the combustion chamber 13, therefore sustaining temperature difference for power generation. The power control board 9 can include a monitoring device that tracks apparatus usage by recording power data generated by the TEG 6. The power control board 9 may further harvest and log the TEG's electrical parameters (voltage and current) along with timestamps.

[0033] In some embodiments, at least two distinct burning configurations are provided and include: a side fuel fed configuration for fuel like firewood and briquettes (in some embodiments, with diameters of 20 to 30 mm), and a top-lit updraft gasifier for fuel such as pellets. The side fuel fed setup is convenient, as it reduces or eliminates the need for extensiveAttorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817fuel preparation.

[0034] In some aspects, the apparatus is configured with a side fuel feed access which optionally includes a cover or a door on an accessible opening on a side of the apparatus. In the side fuel fed configuration, the apparatus can bum one or more sticks of firewood. In some embodiments, the multi-fuel burning apparatus can burn up to ten sticks of firewood, up to nine sticks of firewood, up to eight sticks of firewood, up to seven sticks of firewood, up to six sticks of firewood, up to five sticks of firewood, up to four sticks of firewood, and up to three sticks of firewood. In some embodiments, a plurality of pieces of bagasse briquettes can be burned with diameters ranging from 20 to 30 mm.

[0035] In some embodiments, in addition to, or in place of a side fuel feed access, the multi¬ fuel burning apparatus may comprise a top-lit gasifier opening. In some aspects, the apparatus is further configured for conversion into a top-lit updraft gasifier for burning fuel such as pellets. The apparatus can be converted into a top-lit updraft gasifier for burning fuel via a vessel sized and shaped to block air leaks in the side-fed configuration, thereby creating a pressurized annular space between the insert and an apparatus-riser. In some embodiments, a gasifier component is inserted into the top-lit gasifier opening. In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises an annulus bottom lid configured to be slid into a lock position so as to establish an airtight zone around tire gasifier component. In some embodiments, the gasifier component includes a double-walled structure comprising an inner wall and an outer wall such that air entering from the annulus can enter through holes in the outer wall and then can pass through holes in the inner wall. The holes of the gasifier component may be arranged / distributed with a higher density at the top and fewer at the bottom of the component.

[0036] Accordingly, the apparatus allows users to switch to sustainable fuel sources like briquettes or pellets made from agricultural or milling waste. For clean indoor burning, users can opt for the pellet configuration, w-hich meets Tier 4 emission standards.

[0037] To use the multi-fuel burning apparatus of the present disclosure, fuel (e.g., firewood, pellets, briquettes, or agricultural wastes) is loaded into a combustion chamber and ignited. To light the apparatus, in some embodiments, the user can fold a piece of paper (or similar material) into a palm-sized ball (for example) and place it in the combustion chamber. Kindling can then be added on top of the paper and then a piece of firewood can be placed on top. Using a match, light the paper. As the kindling bums and releases heat, the heat is picked up by the heat conducting component 5, raising the temperature of the hot side of the TEG 14Attorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817

[0038] Heat generated from the combustion of the fuel is conducted to a hot side of the TEG by a heat conducting component 5, which extends into the combustion area to capture heat. The TEG converts the conducted heat into electrical energy when there is a sufficient temperature difference between the hot and the cold sides of the TEG.

[0039] The voltage generated by the TEG can then trigger the power control board 9 to start a fan within a predetermined time period (e.g., 1-3 minutes, and in some embodiments, a minute, and in some embodiments, less than a minute of lighting the match), which then forces additional air into the apparatus for ensuring a fully lit condition for use. In an initial lighting stage, the cooling system 10 can be powered by a battery the power loss of which can be replenished by surplus power from the TEG 6 upon the system being operational (in some embodiments, fully operational).

[0040] Optionally, a switch / button 1 can be pressed (and / or held depending upon the embodiment(s)), which can override power control board 9 instructions so as to use the battery to power the cooling system 10. This can be particularly useful when firewood is wet or if speedier lighting is desired or required. Accordingly, pressing button 1 allows air to be blown into the combustion chamber 13 which replaces a traditional method of blowing with the mouth (such exposes the user to smoke and inhalation risks during apparatus tending).

[0041] As the apparatus continues to bum, the power output of the TEG 6 increases. Once a wattage production power threshold is reached by the TEG (which in some embodiments, may be approximately 1 watt of power output), drainage of the battery- drainage (i.e., to power the cooling system 10) is cut off. Air for burning fuel is supplied from a pressurized annulus, which can be through holes under a grate 28. The grate 28 can be recessed relative to wood shelf 35 in the combustion chamber 13 so as to establish a cavity for air circulation under the burning fuel. Such extra area for air circulation is, in some embodiments, a critical feature for optimizing combustion of wood and briquettes in this configuration.

[0042] Secondary air 38 supply can be provided, according to some embodiments, through holes / openings in the walls of riser 41. To this end, a total surface area of the holes and their arrangement or distribution can be configured to optimize thermal performance of the apparatus and can reduce total emissions.

[0043] In some embodiments, the riser insert 44 can transition from a fully cylindrical shape at the top to a semi-circular section in the combustion chamber, which effectively covers the fuel feed area so as to prevent primary air from escaping.Attorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817

[0044] In some embodiments, the insert includes a double-wall structure (composed of an inner wall 25, and an outer wall 31). Air from the apparatus's annulus can enter through holes in the outer wall 31 and then can pass through holes in the inner wall 25. Such holes can be strategically arranged / distributed, in some embodiments, with a higher density’ at the top and fewer at the bottom of the insert, optimizing air circulation during combustion. Air can be restricted via lower riser insert air holes 30 to regulate the burning rate of fuel and control the amount of wood gas generated. Air can be supplied (in some embodiments, abundantly) through the primary air inlet 22 so as to ensure complete and clean combustion of the generated wood gas. As the apparatus heats up, sufficient heat generated can transition the system from battery-power to TEG- power (e.g., for the cooling system, such as a fan). Extra power generated by the TEG 6 can also be used to recharge the battery’.

[0045] To differentiate between configurations used during a usage event, an algorithm according to some embodiments tracks the TEG power-up time. Typically, a side-fed configuration has a shorter power-up time since the heat conduction component 5 heats up faster.

[0046] The cold side of the TEG connects to a thermal dissipation unit, which can include a heat sink and / or a cooling system (e.g. a fan). The cooling system (e.g., fan) draws in cool ambient air and is configured to pass it over / through the heat sink so as to absorb heat and become preheated air, and thereafter, directs the preheated air into the combustion chamber. In some embodiments, the cooling system comprises a switch for controlling the fan. The fan may be initially powered by a battery, however as power output of the TEG increases, power drainage of the battery can be replenished by the surplus TEG power.

[0047] A period of time after the fuel is lit, power is generated. The time from the fuel being lit to power being generated may be less than 5 minutes, less than 4 minutes, less than 3 minutes, less than 2 minutes, or less than 1 minute. The voltage generated by the TEG is optionally logged in a memory’. In some aspects, a power control board is configured to harvest and / or log one or more electrical parameters of the TEG, the logging can include timestamps. In some aspects, a processor is provided on at least one of the apparatus or another device (e.g., a smart device). In some aspects, the apparatus is configured to communicate with a mobile application configured to monitor the apparatus allowing users to access real-time data and receive notifications from the apparatus remotely. In some aspects, the apparatus is configured with a wireless data transceiver for real-time data transmission for remote monitoring of apparatus usage and / or fuel consumption data. In someAttorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817aspects, the processor may be configured with computer instructions operational thereon tor analyzing at least one of heat produced by the apparatus and power produced by the TEG.

[0048] In some aspects, the apparatus is configured to report out at least one of: an amount of electrical energy generated by the TEG, the input heat energy, usage duration, fuel consumption, and the number of usage events.

[0049] In some embodiments, the multi -fuel burning apparatus of the present disclosure includes a temperature assessment device to estimate fuel consumption of the apparatus. The mass of fuel consumed is estimated by correlating the thermal energy input with the calorific value of the biomass fuel.

[0050] In some aspects, a power management unit is configured for efficiently harvesting energy generated by the TEG. The power management unit powers a fan to ensure continuous airflow through the heat sink and into the combustion chamber. The power management unit may include a monitoring device to track appliance usage via recording power data generated by the TEG by recording one or more parameters, The monitoring module detects usage by monitoring the power generation of the TEG and / or positive temperature increases in either the heat conducting component or the heat sink.

[0051] The power generation by the TEG directly indicates that heat energy is being utilized within the apparatus to meet heating needs of a household. In some aspects, one or more parameters are analyzed overtime to determine the energy output of the TEG. The input heat energy may be calculated by dividing the output energy of the TEG by a conversion rate, the conversion rate corresponding to an efficiency value for indicating how effectively a particular TEG converts heat energy into electrical energy.

[0052] In some aspects, the multi-fuel burning apparatus comprises one or more different modular power management units. The one or more different power management units may include varying capacities and functionalities. The multi-fuel burning apparatus may further comprise a plurality of power supplies.Thermoelectric generator (TEG)

[0053] A TEG is a device that converts thermal energy (i.e. heat) directly into electrical energy using the Seebeck effect, a phenomenon where a temperature difference across certain materials creates an electric voltage. A TEG typically consists of two thermoelectric materials made from semiconductor materials arranged in a series or parallel configuration to optimize voltage and current output. These elements are positioned between a hot-side heat exchangerAttorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817and a cold-side heat sink, enabling efficient thermal transfer and maintaining a controlled temperature differential. As heat flows through the device, electrons in the material move from the hot side to the cold side, creating an electric potential difference. The electrical power generated can be directly used or stored in a device.

[0054] The TEG may comprise encapsulation layers to protect against environmental degradation. The TEG may further incorporate features such as segmented thermoelectric legs for improved efficiency, integrated heat spreaders to enhance thermal uniformity, and modular configurations for scalability. See also for example, Laclair T. J. et al., "‘Material Selection and Sizing of a Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) for Power Generation in a Self- Powered Heating System” (2021), International High Performance Buildings Conference, Paper 357, and Liao J. et al., “Efficient performance analysis and optimization of thermoelectric generators for low-grade heat sources: A simplified equivalent numerical modeling approach” Energy Vol. 320, 2025.Fuel Consumption Measurement

[0055] In some embodiments, monitoring apparatus usage can occur on the apparatus itself, allowing it to report the amount of input heat energy. Alternatively, the data can be transmitted to another device for analysis. The energy generated by the TEG is calculated using the recorded electrical parameters and timestamps. The heat energy input to the device is determined based on the TEG module's conversion rate.

[0056] In some embodiments, tire system reports the amount of electrical energy generated by the TEG, the input heat energy, usage duration, fuel consumption and the number of usage events. The mass of fuel consumed is estimated by correlating the thermal energy input with the calorific value of the biomass fuel.

[0057] In some embodiments, the material selection for the heat conducting component has high thermal conductivity to facilitate faster conduction of heat. The optimum mass can be determined through thermal calculations and / or experiments that involve sizing the combustion chamber of the apparatus to have a specific range of firepower and ensuring the TEG’s operating temperatures will not go beyond set limits.

[0058] An optimized analysis methodology, according to some embodiments, detects apparatus usage by monitoring the power generation of the TEG 6 or positive temperature increases in either the heat conducting component 5 or the heat sink 7. Power generation by the TEG 6 directly indicates that heat energy is being utilized within the apparatus to meet aAttorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817user’s needs. The recorded power parameters can be analyzed over time to determine the TEG's energy output. The input heat energy can then be calculated by dividing the TEG's output energy by its conversion rate. The TEG's conversion rate can be used as an efficiency value indicating how effectively a particular TEG module converts heat energy into electrical energy. Alternatively, usage detection can be implemented by applying different temperature gradient values at various established temperature thresholds based on actual apparatus usage data. Machine learning models trained on this data enable the development of fast-reporting tools that provide insights into apparatus usage and total energy consumption.Multi-fuel Aspect

[0059] The apparatus of the present disclosure is designed for multi-fuel use and can include both side fuel fed and top-lit updraft gasifier configurations. Such configurations enable the combustion of various biomass fuels, including for example, firewood, briquettes, pellets and agricultural wastes.

[0060] Agricultural wastes are abundant and continuously generated, making them a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Utilizing agricultural waste reduces disposal costs and provides low-cost energy for rural and industrial applications. Examples of agricultural waste that can be used as biofuel includes, but is not limited to, nee husks, wheat straw, corn stover, sugarcane bagasse, coconut shells, groundnut shells, cotton stalks, fruit and vegetable peels, sawdust from agro-processing, pruning waste from orchards (which can be converted into briquettes or pellets), coffee husks, jute sticks, and oilseed cakes.

[0061] FIG. 3 illustrates an example multi-fuel burning apparatus in the side fuel fed configuration. Firewood 39 is loaded via a shelf 35 into a combustion chamber 13 and ignited. Hie C-shaped combustion chamber 13 features an open feed area and a recessed grate 28 that suspends firewood above the base, allowing primary air to flow efficiently to the firewood 39 and char, enhancing combustion. The combustion chamber 13 wall extends below the grate 28, incorporating primary air inlets 22 that supply primary air to the space below the suspended firewood 39, ensuring consistent and complete burning of different fuel combinations. Secondary air 38 denotes secondary' combustion air supplied from the riser annular air passage 33 (FIG. 2) through upper and lower secondary-air holes 19, 20 (FIG. 2) in riser 41. A momentary switch 1 allows the user to start tire cooling system 10 (e.g. a fan) before the TEG 6 automatically starts the fan with surplus electricity'.

[0062] The heat generated from the combustion of fuel (e.g. firewood 39) is conducted to theAttorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817hot side of the TEG 14 (FIG. 8) by a heat conducting component 5. The TEG 6 converts the conducted heat into electrical energy. The cold side of the TEG 15 (FIG. 9) is cooled by a heat sink 7 and a cooling system 10. Initially, a small voltage is generated and logged. Within minutes, sufficient heat allows the fan of the cooling system 10 to start, further increasing the temperature difference and electrical output. A momentary switch 1 can start the fan earlier using stored energy in a battery, which is replenished by surplus TEG power once fully operational.0063 Another example use of the multi-fuel burning apparatus in the side fuel fed configuration is shown with briquettes 40 in FIG. 4.0064] An example use of the multi-fuel burning apparatus in the top-lit updraft gasifier configuration with wood pellets 43 is shown in FIG. 6. This configuration is designed for burning fuels like wood pellets 43 and other solid biomass fuels. To switch to this configuration, a riser insert 44 can be inserted into a top opening of the vessel having a side fuel fed setup, and the annulus bottom lid 36 can be slid to lock position, thus creating an airtight zone around the insert riser.Other Embodiments

[0065] The following additional embodiments are also disclosed (see, e.g., FIG. 7),[0066 Duration-based fuel estimation: fuel consumption is estimated by correlating burning duration with the known fuel bum rate, according to some embodiments.

[0067] Mobile application: a mobile application may be included which can communicate / connect to a monitoring system of the apparatus, according to some embodiments, allowing users to access real-time data, and receive notifications of the apparatus remotely.

[0068] Modular Power Management Units: Different power management units may be provided with varying capacities and functionalities for integration into the other disclosed embodiments, which can allow for customization based on specific user requirements and energy needs.

[0069] Wireless Data Transmission: In some embodiments, a wireless communication module for real-time data transmission for remote monitoring of apparatus usage and fuel consumption data may be included.

[0070] Hybrid Energy Harvesting: In some embodiments, a TEG apparatus is combined withAttorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817solar panels to create a hybrid energy system so as to enhance overall energy efficiency of the apparatus and providing a consistent power supply regardless of the weather conditions.

[0071] Multi-fiiel combustion - Multiple Power Supplies. In some embodiments, the multi¬ fuel combustion apparatus can change the power source for the fan. Accordingly, instead of relying solely on the TEG, the fan could be powered by a rechargeable battery, grid power, or solar power with a rechargeable batery backup.General Considerations

[0072] While various inventive embodiments have been described and illustrated herein, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily envision a variety of other means and / or structures for performing the function and / or obtaining the results and / or one or more of the advantages described herein, and each of such variations and / or modifications is deemed to be within the scope of the inventive embodiments described or illustrated herein. More generally, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that all structure, parameters, dimensions, materials, functionality, and configurations described herein are meant to be an example and that the actual structure, parameters, dimensions, materials, functionality, and configurations will depend upon the specific application or applications for which the inventive teachings is / are used. Those skilled in the art wall recognize or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific inventive embodiments described herein. It is, therefore, to be understood that the foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example only and that, within the scope of the claims supported by the present disclosure, and equivalents thereto, inventive embodiments may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described and claimed. Inventive embodiments of the present disclosure are also directed to each individual feature, system, article, structure, material, kit, functionality, step, and method described herein. In addition, any combination of two or more such features, systems, articles, structure, materials, kits, functionalities, steps, and methods, if such are not mutually inconsistent, is included within the inventive scope of the present disclosure. Some embodiments may be distinguishable from the prior art for specifically lacking one or more features / elements / functionality (i.e., claims directed to such embodiments may include negati ve limitations).

[0073] Also, as noted, various inventive concepts may be embodied as one or more methods. The acts performed as part of a method may be ordered in any suitable way. Accordingly, embodiments may be constructed in which acts are performed in an order different thanAttorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817illustrated, which may include performing some acts simultaneously, even though shown as sequential acts in illustrative embodiments.

[0074] Any and all references to publications or other documents, including but not limited to, patents, patent applications, articles, webpages, books, etc., presented anywhere in the present application, are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Moreover, all definitions, as defined and used herein, should be understood to control over dictionary' definitions, definitions in documents incorporated by reference, and / or ordinary meanings of the defined terms.Definitions

[0075] The indefinite articles “a” and “an,” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, unless clearly indicated to the contrary, should be understood to mean “at least one.” The terms “can” and “may” are used interchangeably in the present disclosure, and indicate that the referred to element, component, structure, function, functionality, objective, advantage, operation, step, process, apparatus, system, device, result, or clarification, has the ability to be used, included, or produced, or otherwise stand for the proposition indicated in the statement for which the term is used (or referred to) for a particular embodiment(s). Additionally, “any and all” of certain recited items including a part(s), a structure(s), a function(s) / functionality, a clarification(s) or a step(s) (and the like) corresponds to certain embodiments only including one of such item (and in some embodiments, only such item), certain embodiments including two or more of such items (and in some embodiments, only two or more of such items), certain embodiments including substantially all of the items (and in some embodiments, only substantial number of the items), and certain embodiments including all of such items (and in some embodiment, only all of such embodiments).

[0076] The phrase “and / or,” as used herein m the specification and in the claims, should be understood to mean “either or both” of the elements so conjoined, i.e., elements that are conjunctively present in some cases and disjunctively present in other cases. Multiple elements listed with “and / or” should be construed in the same fashion, i.e., “one or more” of the elements so conjoined.

[0077] Other elements may optionally be present other than tire elements specifically identified by the “and / or” clause, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified. Thus, as a non-limiting example, a reference to “A and / or B”, when used in conjunction with open ended language such as “comprising” can refer, in one embodiment.Attorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817to A only (optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to B only (optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to both A and B (optionally including other elements); etc.

[0078] As used herein in the specification and in the claims, “or” should be understood to have the same meaning as “and / or” as defined above. For example, when separating items in a list, “or” or “and / or” shall be interpreted as being inclusive, i.e., the inclusion of at least one, but also including more than one, of a number or list of elements, and, optionally, additional unlisted items. Only terms clearly indicated to the contrary, such as “only one of’ or “’exactly one of,” or, when used in the claims, “consisting of,” will refer to the inclusion of exactly one element of a number or list of elements. In general, the terra “or” as used herein shall only be interpreted as indicating exclusive alternatives (i.e., “one or the other but not both”) when preceded by terms of exclusivity, such as “either,” “one of,” “only one of,” or “exactly one of.”

[0079] “Consisting essentially of,” when used in the claims, shall have its ordinary meaning as used m the field of patent law.

[0080] As used herein in the specification and in the claims, the phrase “at least one,” in reference to a list of one or more elements, should be understood to mean at least one element selected from any one or more of the elements in the list of elements, but not necessarily including at least one of each and even’ element specifically listed within the list of elements and not excluding any combinations of elements in the list of elements. This definition also allows that elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified within the list of elements to which the phrase “at least one” refers, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified. Thus, as a non-limiting example, “at least one of A and B” (or, equivalently, “at least one of A or B,” or, equivalently “at least one of A and / or B”) can refer, in one embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, with no B present (and optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, B, with no A present (and optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one. A, and at least one, optionally including more than one, B (and optionally including other elements); etc.

[0081] In the claims, as well as in the specification above, all transitional phrases such as “comprising,” “including,” “earning,” “having,” “containing,” “involving,” “holding,”Attorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817"composed of,” and the like are to be understood to be open-ended, i.e., to mean including but not limited to. Only the transitional phrases “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of’ shall be closed or semi-closed transitional phrases, respectively, as set forth in the United States Patent Office Manual of Patent Examining Procedures, Section 2111.03.0082] lire phrase “tier 4 emission standard” as used herein refers to the set of regulations established by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency to reduce harmful pollutants. 0083 The term “briquettes” as used herein refers to a compressed block of solid fuel, for example, charcoal, coal dust, or biomass residues (e.g. from agricultural or milling waste).0084] The phrase “Maximum Power Point Tracking” (MPPT) as used herein refers to a controller that tracks the maximum power point locus of the power source (e.g., the thermoelectric generator).

[0085] The term “smart device” as used herein refers to an electronic item that can connect to the internet or other devices, allowing it to collect data, communicate, and perform tasks autonomously or interactively.

[0086] Such embodiments (as well as other embodiments disclosed herein) may additionally including one and / or another of the following functions, functionality, structure, step, and / or clarifications (and if not mutually exclusive, in some embodiments a plurality of, and in some embodiments, a majority of, and in some embodiments, substantially all of, and in some embodiments, all of):NUMBERED EMBODIMENTS1. A multi -fuel burning apparatus comprising:a combustion chamber configured to bum a variety of different biomass fuel, anda thermoelectric generator comprising a hot side and a cold side.2. The apparatus of embodiment 1, further including a temperature assessment device to estimate fuel consumption of tire multi -fuel burning apparatus.3. The apparatus of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the apparatus is configured with a side fuel feed access which optionally includes a cover.4. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 1-3, wherein the apparatus is further configured for conversion into a top-lit updraft gasifier for burning fuel.Attorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-8175. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 1-4, wherein the apparatus is converted into a top-lit updraft gasifier for burning fuel via a vessel sized and shaped to block air leaks in the side-fuel fed configuration, thereby creating a pressurized annular space between a riser insert and a riser,6. lire apparatus according to any one of embodiments 1-5, wherein the side fuel fed configuration bums a plurality of sticks of firewood.7. An apparatus according to any one of embodiments 1-5, wherein the fuel is loaded into the combustion chamber and ignited.8. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 1-7, wherein heat generated from combustion of the fuel is conducted to the hot side of the thermoelectric generator by a heat conducting component,9. The apparatus of embodiment 8, wherein the thermoelectric generator converts the conducted heat into electrical energy.10. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 1-9, wherein the cold side of the thermoelectric generator is cooled by a heat sink.11. The apparatus of embodiment 10, wherein the heat sink includes a fan.12. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 1-11, wherein tire thermoelectric generator generates a voltage and is optionally logged in a memory.13. lire apparatus of any one of embodiments 1-12, wherein a period of time after the fuel is lit, power is generated, wherein the period of time can be less than 5 minutes, less than 4 minutes, less than 3 minutes, less than 2 minutes, or less than 1 minute.14. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 11-13, further comprising a switch for starting the fan immediately after the fuel being lit, the fan initially being powered by a battery, wherein the power lost in the battery is replenished by surplus thermoelectric generator power once fully operational.15. The apparatus according to any one of embodiments 1-14, further compri sing a power control board configured to harvest and / or log one or more electrical parameters of the thermoelectric generator, the logging can include timestamps.16. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 1-15, further comprising a processor provided on the apparatus or another device.Attorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-81717. The apparatus of embodiment 16, wherein the processor is configured on a smart device.18. The apparatus of embodiment 16 or 17, wherein the processor is configured with computer instructions operational thereon for analyzing at least one of heat produced by the apparatus and power produced by the thermoelectric generator.19. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 1-18, wherein the apparatus is configured to report out at least one of: an amount of electrical energy generated by the thermoelectric generator, an input heat energy, a usage duration, a fuel consumption and a number of usage events.20. lire apparatus of embodiment 19, wherein the fuel consumed is estimated by correlating a thermal energy input with a calorific value of the biomass fuel.21. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 8-20, wherein the heat conducting component extends into the combustion chamber to capture heat.22. The apparatus of any one of embodiment 1-21, wherein the thermoelectric generator converts heat energy into electrical energy when there is a sufficient temperature difference between the hot side and the cold side.23. The apparatus of embodiment 22, wherein the cold side of the thermoelectric generator connects to a thermal dissipation unit, which can include a heat sink and / or a cooling system.24. The apparatus of embodiment 23, wherein the cooling system draw's in cool ambient air and is configured to pass it through the heat sink so as to absorb heat and become preheated air, and thereafter, directs the preheated air into the combustion chamber.25. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 1-24, further comprising a power management unit configured for efficiently harvesting energy generated by the thermoelectric generator.26. The apparatus of embodiment 25, wherein the power management unit powders a fan to ensure continuous airflow' through a heat sink and into the combustion chamber.27. The apparatus of embodiment 25, wherein the power management unit includes a monitoring device to track usage via recording power data generated by the thermoelectric generator by recording one or more parameters.28. The apparatus of embodiment 26 or 27, wherein the monitoring device detects usageAttorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817by monitoring the power generation of the thermoelectric generator and / or positive temperature increases in either the heat conducting component or the heat sink.29. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 1-28, wherein power generation by the thermoelectric generator directly indicates that heat energy is being utilized within the apparatus to meet heating needs of a household.30. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 1-29, wherein the one or more parameters are analyzed over time to determine energy output of the thermoelectric generator.31. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 1-30, wherein input heat energy is calculated by dividing the energy output of the thermoelectric generator by a conversion rate.32. The apparatus of embodiment 31, wherein the conversion rate corresponds to an efficiency value for indicating how effectively a particular thermoelectric generator converts heat energy into electrical energy.33. The apparatus of embodiment 31 or 32, wherein usage detection corresponds to applying different temperature gradient values at various established temperature thresholds based on actual apparatus usage data.34. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 1 -33, including an accessible opening on a side of the apparatus.35. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 14-34, wherein as power output of the thermoelectric generator increases, power drainage of the batery is cut off.36. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 1-35, wherein a primary air for burning biomass is supplied from a pressurized annulus, which can be through holes under a grate.37. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 1-36, further comprising a secondary air supply, which can be provided through openings in the walls of a riser insert.38. lire apparatus of any one of embodiments 1-37, further comprising, in addition to or in place of a / the side-fuel feed access, atop-lit gasifier opening.39. The apparatus of embodiment 38, wherein a gasifier component is inserted into the top-lit gasifier opening.40. The apparatus of embodiment 39, further comprising an annulus bottom lid configured to be slid into a lock position so as to establish an airtight zone around the gasifier component.41. The apparatus of embodiments 39 or 40, wherein the gasifier component includes aAttorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817double-wall structure comprising an inner wall and an outer wall such that air entering from a / the annulus can enter through holes in the outer wall and then can pass through holes in the inner wall.42. The apparatus of embodiment 41, wherein the holes of the gasifier component are arranged with a higher density at the top and fewer at the bottom of the component.43. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 1-42, further comprising a duration-based fuel estimation module configured to estimate fuel consumption by correlating bum duration with a known fuel bum rate.44. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 1-43, wherein the apparatus is configured to communicate with a mobile application configured to monitor the apparatus allowing users to access real-time data and receive notifications from the apparatus remotely.45. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 1-44, further comprising one or more different modular power management units.46. The apparatus of embodiment 45, wherein the one or more different power management units include varying capacities and functionalities.47. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 1-46, further comprising a wireless data transceiver for real-time data transmission for remote monitoring of apparatus usage and / or fuel consumption data.48. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 1-47, further comprising one or more solar panels.49. The apparatus of any one of embodiments 1-48, further comprising a plurality of power supplies.50. A multi-fuel burning apparatus, comprising:a vessel configured to receive a riser insert, wherein the riser insert is configured to receive biomass fuel;a heat conducting component configured to receive heat energy generated by combustion of the biomass fuel;a thermoelectric generator (TEG) thermally coupled to the heat conducting component and configured to convert the heat energy into electrical energy based on a temperature differential between a hot side and a cold side;a heat sink and a cooling system operatively coupled to the TEG to maintainAttorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817the cold-side temperature;an energy management system electrically coupled to the TEG and comprising a Maximum Power Point Tracking circuit configured to regulate voltage and current output from the TEG; anda data processing system configured to log operational data, calculate energy metrics, and determine conversion efficiency of the TEG relative to total energy input. The apparatus of embodiment 50, wherein the heat conducting component comprises a calibrated heat exchanger configured to maintain a predetermined thermal transfer rate.The apparatus of embodiment 50 or 51, wherein the thermoelectric generator comprises a plurality of thermoelectric modules arranged to maximize conversion efficiency.The apparatus of any one of embodiments 50-52, wherein the heat sink is formed of a high-conductivity material and is thermally coupled to the cold side of the thermoelectric generator.The apparatus of any one of embodiments 50-53, wherein the cooling system is configured to provide forced convection cooling to the heat sink to maintain a target cold-side temperature.The apparatus of any one of embodiments 50-54, wherein the energy management system further comprises a momentary’ switch configured to selectively enable or disable electrical energy flow' to the cooling system.The apparatus of any one of embodiments 50-55, wherein the Maximum Power Point Tracking circuit comprises a printed circuit board configured to dynamically adjust voltage and current to maintain optimal power output from the thermoelectric generator.The apparatus of any one of embodiments 50-56, wherein the data processing system comprises a sensor array configured to measure temperature at the hot side and cold side of the thermoelectric generator.The apparatus of any one of embodiments 50-57, wherein the data processing system includes a memory module configured to store historical performance data for predictive maintenance.Attorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817The apparatus of any one of embodiments 50-58, wherein the biomass fuel comprises at least one of wood pellets, agricultural waste, or compressed organic matter.The apparatus of any one of embodiments 50-59, wherein the cooling system is configured with a variable-speed operation fan based on temperature feedback from the thermoelectric generator.The apparatus of any one of embodiments 50-60, wherein the cooling system comprises a liquid cooling system thermally coupled to the heat sink to enhance cold¬ side temperature regulation.The apparatus of any one of embodiments 50-61, wherein the energy management system further comprises an energy storage deviceThe apparatus of embodiment 62, wherein the energy storage device is a batery or a capacitor bank.The apparatus of any one of embodiments 50-63, wherein the energy management system is configured to selectively route electrical energy to an external device or to the energy storage device based on a predefined control algorithm.The apparatus of any one of embodiments 50-64, wherein the data processing system further comprises a wireless communication interface configured to transmit operational data to a remote monitoring system.The apparatus of any one of embodiments 50-65, wherein the data processing system is configured to execute an adaptive Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm based on real-time voltage and current measurements.The apparatus of any one of embodiments 50-66, wherein the data processing system is further configured to perform fault detection and generate alerts in response to abnormal operating condition.The apparatus of any one of embodiments 50-67, wherein the data processing subsystem includes a graphical user interface configured to display real-time performance metrics including temperature, voltage, current, and conversion efficiency.A method for converting thermal energy from biomass fuel into electrical energy and monitoring system performance, comprising:capturing heat energy from combustion of biomass fuel using a thermal captureAttorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817unit;transferring the heat energy to a thermoelectric generator to generate electrical energy based on a temperature gradient;regulating the electrical energy using a Maximum Power Point Tracking circuit;logging operational data including temperature and electrical parameters; and calculating energy conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric generator relative to total energy input.

Claims

Attorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A multi-fuel burning apparatus comprising:a combustion chamber configured to bum a variety of different biomass fuel, anda thermoelectric generator comprising a hot side and a cold side.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, further including a temperature assessment device to estimate fuel consumption of the multi -fuel burning apparatus,3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured with a side fuel feed access which optionally includes a cover.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is further configured for conversion into a top-lit updraft gasifier for burning fuel.

5. The apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein the apparatus is converted into a top-li t updraft gasifier for burning fuel via a vessel sized and shaped to block air leaks in the side-fuel fed configuration, thereby creating a pressurized annular space between a riser insert and a riser.

6. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the side fuel fed configuration bums a plurality of sticks of firewood.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fuel is loaded into the combustion chamber and ignited.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein heat generated from combustion of the fuel is conducted to the hot side of the thermoelectric generator by a heat conducting component.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the thermoelectric generator converts the conducted heat into electrical energy.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cold side of the thermoelectric generator is cooled by a heat sink.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the heat sink includes a fan.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric generator generates a voltage and is optionally logged in a memory.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a period of time after the fuel is lit, power isAttorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817generated, wherein the period of time can be less than 5 minutes, less than 4 minutes, less than 3 minutes, less than 2 minutes, or less than 1 minute.

14. The apparatus of any of claims 11, further comprising a switch for starting the fan immediately after the fuel being lit, the fan initially being powered by a battery, wherein the power lost in the battety is replenished by surplus thermoelectric generator power once fully operational.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a power control board configured to harvest and / or log one or more electrical parameters of the thermoelectric generator, the logging can include timestamps.

16. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a processor provided on the apparatus or another device.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor is configured on a smart device.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor is configured with computer instructions operational thereon for analyzing at least one of heat produced by the apparatus and power produced by tire thermoelectric generator.

19. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured to report out at least one of: an amount of electrical energy generated by the thermoelectric generator, an input heat energy, a usage duration, a fuel consumption and a number of usage events.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the fuel consumed is estimated by correlating a thermal energy input with a calorific value of the biomass fuel.

21. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the heat conducting component extends into the combustion chamber to capture heat.

22. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric generator converts heat energy into electrical energy when there is a sufficient temperature difference between the hot side and the cold side.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the cold side of the thermoelectric generator connects to a thermal dissipation unit, which can include a heat sink and / or a cooling system.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the cooling system draws in cool ambient air and is configured to pass it through the heat sink so as to absorb heat and become preheated air, and thereafter, directs the preheated air into the combustion chamber.Attorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-81725. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a power management unit configured tor efficiently harvesting energy generated by the thermoelectric generator.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the power management unit powers a fan to ensure continuous airflow through a heat sink and into the combustion chamber.

27. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the power management unit includes a monitoring device to track usage via recording power data generated by the thermoelectric generator by recording one or more parameters.

28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the monitoring device detects usage by monitoring the power generation of the thermoelectric generator and / or positive temperature increases in either the heat conducting component or the heat sink.

29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein power generation by the thermoelectric generator directly indicates that heat energy is being utilized within the apparatus to meet heating needs of a household.

30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the one or more parameters are analyzed over time to determine energy output of the thermoelectric generator.

31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein input heat energy is calculated by dividing the energy output of the thermoelectric generator by a conversion rate.

32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the conversion rate corresponds to an efficiency value for indicating how effectively a particular thermoelectric generator converts heat energy into electrical energy.

33. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein usage detection corresponds to applying different temperature gradient values at various established temperature thresholds based on actual apparatus usage data.

34. Tire apparatus of claim 1, including an accessible opening on a side of the apparatus.

35. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein as power output of the thermoelectric generator increases, power drainage of the battery is cut off.

36. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a primary air for burning biomass is supplied from a pressurized annulus, which can be through holes under a grate.

37. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a secondary air supply, which can be provided through openings in the walls of a riser insert.Attorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-81738. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising, in addition to or in place of a / the side¬ fuel feed access, atop-lit gasifier opening.

39. The apparatus of claim 38, wherein a gasifier component is inserted into the top-lit gasifier opening.

40. The apparatus of claim 39, further comprising an annulus bottom lid configured to be slid into a lock position so as to establish an airtight zone around the gasifier component.

41. The apparatus of claims 39, wherein the gasifier component includes a double-wall structure comprising an inner wall and an outer wall such that air entering from a / the annulus can enter through holes in the outer wall and then can pass through holes in the inner wall.

42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the holes of the gasifi er component are arranged with a higher density at the top and fewer at the bottom of the component.

43. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a duration-based fuel estimation module configured to estimate fuel consumption by correlating bum duration with a known fuel bum rate.

44. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured to communicate with a mobile application configured to monitor the apparatus allowing users to access real-time data and receive notifications from the apparatus remotely.

45. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising one or more different modular power management units.

46. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the one or more different power management units include varying capacities and functionalities.

47. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a wireless data transceiver for real-time data transmission for remote monitoring of apparatus usage and / or fuel consumption data.

48. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising one or more solar panels.

49. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of power supplies.

50. A multi-fuel burning apparatus, comprising:a vessel configured to receive a riser insert, wherein the riser insert is configured to receive biomass fuel;a heat conducting component configured to receive heat energy generated by combustion of the biomass fuel;Attorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817a thermoelectric generator (TEG) thermally coupled to the heat conducting component and configured to convert the heat energy into electrical energy based on a temperature differential between a hot side and a cold side;a heat sink and a cooling system operatively coupled to the TEG to maintain the cold-side temperature;an energy management system electrically coupled to the TEG and comprising a Maximum Power Point Tracking circuit configured to regulate voltage and current output from the TEG; anda data processing system configured to log operational data, calculate energy metrics, and determine conversion efficiency of the TEG relative to total energy input.

51. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the heat conducting component comprises a calibrated heat exchanger configured to maintain a predetermined thermal transfer rate.

52. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the thermoelectric generator comprises a plurality of thermoelectric modules arranged to maximize conversion efficiency.

53. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the heat sink is formed of a high -conductivity material and is thermally coupled to the cold side of the thermoelectric generator.

54. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the cooling system is configured to provide forced convection cooling to the heat sink to maintain a target cold-side temperature.

55. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the energy management system further comprises a momentary switch configured to selectively enable or disable electrical energy flow to the cooling system.

56. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the Maximum Power Point Tracking circuit comprises a printed circuit board configured to dynamically adjust voltage and current to maintain optimal power output from the thermoelectric generator.

57. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the data processing system comprises a sensor array configured to measure temperature at the hot side and cold side of the thermoelectric generator.

58. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the data processing system includes a memory module configured to store historical performance data for predictive maintenance.

59. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the biomass fuel comprises at least one of woodAttorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817pellets, agricultural waste, or compressed organic matter.

60. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the cooling system is configured with a variable-speed operation fan based on temperature feedback from the thermoelectric generator, 61. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the cooling system comprises a liquid cooling system thermally coupled to the heat sink to enhance cold-side temperature regulation.

62. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the energy management system further comprises an energy storage device63. The apparatus of claim 62, wherein the energy storage device is a battery or a capacitor bank.

64. The apparatus of claim 62, wherein the energy management system is configured to selectively route electrical energy to an external device or to the energy storage device based on a predefined control algorithm.

65. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the data processing system further comprises a wireless communication interface configured to transmit operational data to a remote monitoring system.

66. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the data processing system is configured to execute an adaptive Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm based on real-time voltage and current measurements.

67. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein tire data processing system is further configured to perform fault detection and generate alerts in response to abnormal operating conditions.

68. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the data processing system includes a graphical user interface configured to display real-time performance metrics including temperature, voltage, current, and conversion efficiency.

69. A method for converting thermal energy from biomass fuel into electrical energy and monitoring system performance, comprising:capturing heat energy from combustion of biomass fuel using a thermal capture unit;transferring the heat energy to a thermoelectric generator to generate electrical energy based on a temperature gradient;regulating the electrical energy using a Maximum Power Point TrackingAttorney Docket No. BUMA-005 / 01WO 338436-817circuit;logging operational data including temperature and electrical parameters; and calculating energy conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric generator relative to total energy input.

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