Radio access network architecture
By relocating the RRC entity to the DU in a high layer split RAN architecture, the 5G network addresses latency and optimization challenges, improving overall RAN efficiency and resource management.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LENOVO (BEIJING) LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-18
AI Technical Summary
The existing 5G RAN architecture, with RRC layer located in the CU, leads to increased control plane latency, unnecessary control information over MAC layer, and challenges in joint optimization due to inter-dependencies between CU and DU, hindering efficient RAN operations.
A high layer split RAN architecture is implemented by moving the RRC entity from the CU to the DU, allowing the DU to host PHY, MAC, RLC, and RRC layers, with the CU hosting the user plane part of the PDCP layer, enabling improved latency reduction and joint optimization.
This architecture reduces control plane latency and enhances RAN efficiency by decentralizing RRC functions, facilitating better joint optimization and resource management across the network.
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Figure CN2025121812_18062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
RADIO ACCESS NETWORK ARCHITECTURETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to methods and apparatuses for a radio access network (RAN) architecture.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station (BS) may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G)) .
[0003] In 5G system, a base station is split into two parts, namely central unit (CU) and distributed unit (DU) . The CU hosts radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) configuration or a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layers, and the DU hosts radio link control (RLC) , medium access control (MAC) and physical (PHY) layers. However, the RRC layer located in the CU brings some disadvantages. Thus, it has been proposed to reconsider functional split of internal RAN.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods and apparatuses that support a high layer split RAN architecture. By redefining functionalities of CU and DU, a high layer split RAN architecture may be achieved. The high layer split RAN architecture means that an RRC entity is moved from CU to DU. With the high layer split RAN architecture, a split RAN architecture may be improved.
[0005] In the context of the present disclosure, an apparatus may be implemented as a network entity or UE, or a part of the network entity or UE. In some implementations, the apparatus may be implemented as a processor at the network entity or UE.
[0006] In the context of the present disclosure, a network node may refer to a network entity. In some implementations, the network node may be implemented as a base station, or a part of the base station such as CU or DU.
[0007] In one aspect, some implementations of a UE described herein may comprise: a processor; and a transceiver coupled to the processor. The processor is configured to: receive, from a first network node via the transceiver, an RRC message comprising at least one of a PHY configuration, a MAC configuration, an RLC configuration, an SDAP configuration of one or more DRBs or a PDCP configuration of one or more data radio bearers (DRBs) ; and transmit, to the first network node via the transceiver, a response to the RRC message. The first network node hosts functionalities of a PHY layer, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, an RRC layer, and a control plane (CP) of a PDCP layer.
[0008] Some implementations of a method performed at a UE described herein may comprise: receiving, from a first network node, an RRC message comprising at least one of a PHY configuration, a MAC configuration, an RLC configuration, an SDAP configuration of one or more DRBs or a PDCP configuration of one or more DRBs; and transmitting, to the first network node, a response to the RRC message. The first network node hosts functionalities of a PHY layer, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, an RRC layer, and a CP of a PDCP layer.
[0009] Some implementations of a processor for wireless communication described herein may include at least one memory and a controller. The controller is coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receive, from a first network node, an RRC message comprising at least one of a PHY configuration, a MAC configuration, an RLC configuration, an SDAP configuration of one or more DRBs or a PDCP configuration of one or more DRBs; and transmit, to the first network node, a response to the RRC message. The first network node hosts functionalities of a PHY layer, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, an RRC layer, and a CP of a PDCP layer.
[0010] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive, from the first network node, an indicator indicating whether a RAN architecture is split or aggregate; and in accordance with a determination that the indicator indicates that the RAN architecture is split, derive at least one of a key for user plane (UP) ciphering or a key for UP integrity protection by using a second key as an input, wherein the second key is derived from a first key.
[0011] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to derive the second key by using, as an input, one of the following: an uplink non-access stratum (NAS) count set to a default value; an uplink NAS count set to a first value which is to be transmitted to the UE; an uplink PDCP count associated with an RRC setup complete message which is transmitted from the first network node to the UE; or a downlink PDCP count associated with an RRC setup message which is transmitted from the UE to the first network node.
[0012] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive, from the first network node, a handover command message; in accordance with a determination that the handover command message comprises an indicator indicating at least one of whether the UE derives one or more keys for RRC security, or whether the UE derives one or more keys for UP security, perform an operation; and in accordance with a determination that the handover command message does not comprise the indicator, derive the one or more keys for RRC security while the one or more keys for UP security remain unchanged. The operation comprises at least one of the following: in accordance with a determination that the indicator indicates that the one or more keys for UP security remain unchanged, deriving the one or more keys for RRC security while the one or more keys for UP security remain unchanged; in accordance with a determination that the indicator indicates that the one or more keys for UP security are required, deriving both the one or more keys for RRC security and the one or more keys for UP security; or in accordance with a determination that the indicator indicates that the one or more keys for RRC security are required, deriving the one or more keys for RRC security while the one or more keys for UP security remain unchanged.
[0013] In another aspect, some implementations of a first network node described herein may comprise: a processor; and a transceiver coupled to the processor. The processor is configured to: transmit, to a second network node via the transceiver, at least one of an SDAP configuration or a PDCP configuration of one or more DRBs; and transmit, to a UE via the transceiver, an RRC message comprising at least one of a PHY configuration, a MAC configuration, an RLC configuration, the SDAP configuration or the PDCP configuration. The first network node hosts functionalities of a PHY layer, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, an RRC layer, and a CP of a PDCP layer, and the second network node hosts a functionality of a UP of the PDCP layer.
[0014] Some implementations of a method performed at a first network node described herein may comprise: transmitting, to a second network node, at least one of an SDAP configuration or a PDCP configuration of one or more DRBs; and transmitting, to a UE, an RRC message comprising at least one of a PHY configuration, a MAC configuration, an RLC configuration, the SDAP configuration or the PDCP configuration. The first network node hosts functionalities of a PHY layer, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, an RRC layer, and a CP of a PDCP layer, and the second network node hosts a functionality of a UP of the PDCP layer.
[0015] Some implementations of a processor for wireless communication described herein may include at least one memory and a controller. The controller is coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: transmit, to a second network node, at least one of an SDAP configuration or a PDCP configuration of one or more DRBs; and transmit, to a UE, an RRC message comprising at least one of a PHY configuration, a MAC configuration, an RLC configuration, the SDAP configuration or the PDCP configuration. The first network node hosts functionalities of a PHY layer, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, an RRC layer, and a CP of a PDCP layer, and the second network node hosts a functionality of a UP of the PDCP layer.
[0016] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive a first key from a core network (CN) ; and derive, based on the first key, at least one of a key for RRC ciphering by the first network node with the UE or a key for RRC integrity protection by the first network node with the UE.
[0017] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: transmit, to the second network node, security information for configuring at least one of UP ciphering or UP integrity protection. The security information comprises at least one of the following: a ciphering algorithm, and a key for the UP ciphering; an integrity protection algorithm, and a key for the UP integrity protection; at least one of the ciphering algorithm or the integrity protection algorithm, and the first key; or at least one of the ciphering algorithm or the integrity protection algorithm, and a second key derived from the first key.
[0018] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to derive the second key by using, as an input, one of the following: an uplink NAS count set to a default value; an uplink NAS count set to a first value which is to be transmitted to the UE; an uplink PDCP count associated with an RRC setup complete message which is transmitted from the first network node to the UE; or a downlink PDCP count associated with an RRC setup message which is transmitted from the UE to the first network node.
[0019] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: transmit, to the UE, an indicator indicating whether a RAN architecture is split or aggregate.
[0020] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: transmit, to the second network node, UP transport network layer (TNL) information comprising at least one of the following: first uplink (UL) UP TNL information for delivery of a UL protocol data unit (PDU) from the second network node to a CN; or first downlink (DL) UP TNL information for delivery of a DL PDU from the second network node to the first network node.
[0021] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to receive, from the second network node, UP TNL information comprising at least one of the following: second DL UP TNL information for delivery of a DL PDU from a CN to the second network node; or second UL UP TNL information for delivery of a UL PDU from the first network node to the second network node.
[0022] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: transmit the second DL UP TNL information to the CN.
[0023] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: transmit, to a third network node, UE context information at the second network node on a connection with the first network node. The UE context information comprises at least one of the following: an identity of the second network node connected to the first network node; or an identity of the UE allocated at the second network node on the connection with the first network node.
[0024] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: transmit, to a third network node via the transceiver, UE context information at a CN on a connection with the first network node. The UE context information comprises at least one of the following: an identity of the UE allocated at the CN on the connection with the first network node for the CP; or an identity of the UE allocated at the CN on the connection with the first network node for the UP.
[0025] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: transmit, to a third network node, one or more keys to be used by the third network node for RRC security with the UE. The one or more keys comprise at least one of the following: a key for RRC ciphering by the third network node with the UE; or a key for RRC integrity protection by the third network node with the UE.
[0026] In some implementations, the key for RRC ciphering by the third network node with the UE is derived from a key for RRC ciphering by the first network node with the UE. In some implementations, the key for RRC integrity protection by the third network node with the UE is derived from a key for RRC integrity protection by the first network node with the UE.
[0027] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive, from a third network node, a handover command message comprising an indicator indicating at least one of whether the UE derives one or more keys for RRC security, or whether the UE derives one or more keys for UP security; and transmit the handover command message to the UE.
[0028] In some implementations, the third network node connects to the second network node and hosts functionalities of a PHY layer, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, an RRC layer, and a CP of a PDCP layer.
[0029] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of implementations of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports a high layer split RAN architecture in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0031] Fig. 2 illustrates an example overall architecture of a high layer split RAN architecture in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0032] Figs. 3 to 5 illustrate a signaling diagram illustrating an example process that supports a high layer split RAN architecture in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, respectively;
[0033] Fig. 6 illustrates an example of a device that supports a high layer split RAN architecture in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure;
[0034] Fig. 7 illustrates an example of a processor that supports a high layer split RAN architecture in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure; and
[0035] Figs. 8 and 9 illustrate a flowchart of an example method that supports a high layer split RAN architecture in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, respectively.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0036] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some implementations. It is to be understood that these implementations are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described less than or equal to.
[0037] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0038] References in the present disclosure to “one implementation, ” “an example implementation, ” “an implementation, ” “some implementations, ” and the like indicate that the implementation (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every implementation includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same implementation (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an implementation, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other implementations whether or not explicitly described.
[0039] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of implementations. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0040] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular implementations only and is not intended to be limiting of example implementations. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0041] In 5G system, a base station is split into two parts, namely CU and DU, where the CU hosts RRC, SDAP and PDCP layers and the DU hosts RLC, MAC and PHY layers. Furthermore, the CU can be split into two parts, namely CU-CP and CU-UP, where the CU-CP hosts the RRC layer and the control plane part of the PDCP layer while the CU-UP hosts the SDAP layer and the user plane part of the PDCP layer. A CU and a DU is connected via F1 interface, while a CU-CP and a CU-UP is connected via E1 interface.
[0042] The RRC layer located in the CU may bring the following disadvantages: - all procedures (e.g., mobility, UE context setup) cause extra control plane latency between CU and DU; - reconfiguration of RRC parameters needs the involvement of CU, even the RRC parameters related to radio resource are generated by DU; - RRC pooling gains are not realized as DU still owns most of lower layer functionalities; - joint optimization of CU and DU procedures are not easily achievable due to too many inter-dependencies; - unnecessary control information over MAC layer due to slow RRC procedure.
[0043] Thus, the functional split of internal RAN will be reconsidered in 6G. However, implementations of the functional split of internal RAN are still indefinite. For example, if RRC entity is moved from CU to DU, there are still some issues to be considered, e.g., what is the RAN internal architecture, how to derive keys used for AS security, how to support inter-DU intra-CU mobility, etc.
[0044] In view of this, the present disclosure provides solutions that support a high layer split RAN architecture. In one aspect, a first network node transmits at least one of an SDAP configuration or a PDCP configuration of one or more DRBs to a second network node, and transmits an RRC message to a UE. The RRC message comprises at least one of a PHY configuration, a MAC configuration, an RLC configuration, the SDAP configuration or the PDCP configuration. The first network node hosts functionalities of a PHY layer, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, an RRC layer, and a CP of a PDCP layer. The second network node hosts a functionality of a UP of the PDCP layer. The second network node may also host a functionality of an SDAP layer. As such, a high layer split RAN architecture may be achieved, and UE initial access under the high layer split RAN architecture may be carried out.
[0045] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.
[0046] Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports a single algorithm for AS security in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) . For convenience, network entities 102-1, 102-2 and 102-3 are shown and are collectively referred to as one or more network entities 102 hereinafter. The wireless communications system 100 may further include one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G, such as a 6G network. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0047] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a gNB, a 6G bases station, or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface. The one or more network entities 102 may be collectively referred to as network entities 102 or individually referred to as a network entity 102.
[0048] A network entity 102 may provide one or more geographic coverage areas (also referred to as cells) for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within a geographic coverage area. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0049] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an IoT device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0050] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in Fig. 1. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0051] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0052] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0053] As an example, the network entity 102-1 may provide a cell 112-1 and the network entity 102-2 may provide a cell 112-2. It is to be understood that each of the network entities 102-1 and 102-2 may provide more cells (not shown) .
[0054] In an example, the network entity may be a satellite, for example, the network entity 102-3. The network entity 102-3 may have full or part of an eNB / gNB on board. The communication link 110 between the network entity 102-3 and the UE 104, the communication link 116 between the network entity 102-3 and the network entity 102-2, and the communication link 116 between the network entity 102-2 and the core network 106 may be used for an NTN transparent mode. The communication link 110 between the satellite 102-3 and the UE 104, and the communication link 116 between the network entity 102-3 (e.g., with a base station on board) and the core network 106 may be used for an NTN regenerative mode.
[0055] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) (e.g., a near-real time RIC (near-RT RIC) , a non-real time RIC (non-RT RIC) ) , a service management and orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0056] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a TRP. One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU)) .
[0057] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack.
[0058] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0059] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0060] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , or a 6G core, which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage NAS functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0061] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0062] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0063] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0064] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0065] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0066] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0067] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0068] Conventionally, a CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., RRC, SDAP, PDCP) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a L1 (e.g., PHY) or an L2 (e.g., RLC, MAC) layer functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU.
[0069] As mentioned above, the RRC layer located in the CU may bring many disadvantages. To improve the split RAN architecture, the present disclosure redefines the split RAN architecture and provides a high layer split RAN architecture where an RRC entity is moved from CU to DU.
[0070] Fig. 2 illustrates an example overall architecture 200 of a high layer split RAN architecture in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 2, the architecture 200 may include one or more CUs (e.g., CU1, CU2, etc. ) and one or more DUs (e.g., DU1, DU2, etc. ) . In the architechture 200, a DU is a logical node hosting the PHY, MAC, RLC and RRC layers, and the control plane part of the PDCP layer. A CU is a logical node hosting the user plane part of the PDCP layer. A CU may also host the SDAP layer.
[0071] As shown in Fig. 2, a DU (e.g., DU1) and a CU (e.g., CU1) is connected via an interface, e.g., F1 interface, where the interface consists of a control plane part (e.g., F1-C) and a user plane part (e.g., F1-U) .
[0072] As shown in Fig. 2, a DU (e.g., DU1) and a core network (e.g., 6GC) is connected via an interface, e.g., NG-C, where the interface is used for control plane signalling transmission between the DU and the core network. A CU (e.g., CU1) and the core network (e.g., 6GC) is connected via an interface, e.g., NG-U, where the interface is used for user plane data transmission between the CU and the core network.
[0073] As shown in Fig. 2, two DUs (e.g., DU1 and DU2) are connected via an interface, e.g., Xn-C, where the interface is used for control plane signalling transmission between the DUs. Two CUs (e.g., CU1 and CU2) are connected via an interface, e.g., Xn-U, where the interface is used for user plane data transmission between the CUs.
[0074] It can be seen that, in the architechture 200, a DU is a single control plane point in the RAN, i.e., for both internal RAN and external RAN communication. A DU terminates a control plane interface communicated with the core network, while a CU terminates a user plane interface communicated with the core network. A DU terminates a control plane interface communicated with other DU, while a CU terminates a user plane interface communicated with other CU.
[0075] It is to be noted that any DU or CU in the architechture 200 may be implemented as the network entity 102 as illustrated in Fig. 1 or a part of the network entity 102, and the core network in the architechture 200 may be implemented as the core network 106 as illustrated in Fig. 1. It is also to be noted that a DU or CU in the architechture 200 may be named in any other suitable ways, and the present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0076] The present disclosure also provides solutions of communication to support the high layer split architecture, which will be described in connection with Figs. 3 to 5.
[0077] Fig. 3 illustrate a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 300 that supports a high layer split RAN architecture in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. For convenience, the process 300 will be described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2. The process 300 may involve the UE 104, a first network node 301, a second network node 302, a third network node 303 and the core network 106.
[0078] Each of the first network node 301 and the third network node 303 hosts functionalities of a PHY layer, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, an RRC layer, and a CP of a PDCP layer. The second network node 302 hosts a functionality of a UP of the PDCP layer. The second network node 302 may also host a functionality of an SDAP layer.
[0079] Each of the first network node 301 and the third network node 303 may be implemented as a DU (e.g., DU1 or DU2) in the architechture 200, and the second network node 302 may be implemented as a CU (e.g., CU1) in the architechture 200. The first network node 301 is a serving or source DU, and the third network node 303 is a candidate or target DU.
[0080] As shown in Fig. 3, at step 310, the first network node 301 may transmit, to the second network node 302, at least one of an SDAP configuration or a PDCP configuration of one or more DRBs.
[0081] At step 311, the first network node 301 may transmit, to the UE 104, an RRC message comprising at least one of a PHY configuration, a MAC configuration, an RLC configuration, the SDAP configuration or the PDCP configuration.
[0082] At step 312, the UE 104 may transmit, to the first network node 301, a response to the RRC message.
[0083] As such, initial access of a UE in the high layer split RAN architecture may be carried out.
[0084] In some implementations, as shown in step 313, the first network node 301 may receive a first key (denoted as KBS herein) from the CN 106. The first network node 301 may derive, based on the first key, at least one of a key for RRC ciphering by the first network node 301 with the UE 104 or a key for RRC integrity protection by the first network node 301 with the UE 104. As such, one or more keys (also referred to as RRC related keys herein) used for RRC security is derived by the first network node 301.
[0085] In some implementations, as shown in step 314, the first network node 301 may transmit, to the second network node 302, security information for configuring at least one of UP ciphering or UP integrity protection.
[0086] In some implementations, the security information may comprise at least one of the following: a ciphering algorithm, and a key for the UP ciphering; or an integrity protection algorithm, and a key for the UP integrity protection. As such, one or more keys used for UP security may be derived by the first network node 301 and sent to the second network node 302.
[0087] In some implementations, the security information may comprise at least one of the ciphering algorithm or the integrity protection algorithm, and the first key (KBS) . As such, the first network node 301 may send the selected security algorithm used for AS security and the KBS to the second network node 302, and the second network node 302 may derive the one or more keys (also referred to as UP related keys herein) used for UP security based on the KBS.
[0088] In some implementations, the security information may comprise at least one of the ciphering algorithm or the integrity protection algorithm, and a second key (denoted as KCU herein) derived from the first key (KBS) . As such, the first network node 301 may derive KCU based on KBS, and send the KCU and the selected security algorithm used for UP security to the second network node 302. The second network node 302 may derive the one or more keys used for UP security based on the KCU.
[0089] In some implementations, the first network node 301 may derive the second key (KCU) by using, as an input, one of the following: an uplink NAS count set to a default value; an uplink NAS count set to a value (also referred to as a first value herein) which is to be transmitted to the UE 104; an uplink PDCP count associated with an RRC setup complete message (e.g., RRCSetupRequest message) which is transmitted from the first network node 301 to the UE 104; or a downlink PDCP count associated with an RRC setup message (e.g., RRCSetup message) which is transmitted from the UE 104 to the first network node 301.
[0090] In some implementations, as shown in step 315, the first network node 301 may transmit, to the UE 104, an indicator (also referred to as a first indicator herein) indicating whether a RAN architecture is split (e.g., disaggregate) or aggregate. Upon determination that the indicator indicates that the RAN architecture is split, the UE 104 may derive at least one of a key for UP ciphering or a key for UP integrity protection by using the second key (KCU) as an input. The second key is derived from the first key (KBS) .
[0091] In some implementations, the UE 104 may derive the second key (KCU) in the same way as the derivation of the second key at the first network node 301. That is, the UE 104 may derive the second key by using, as an input, one of the following: the uplink NAS count set to the default value; the uplink NAS count set to the first value which is to be transmitted to the UE 104; the uplink PDCP count associated with the RRC setup complete message which is transmitted from the first network node 301 to the UE 104; or the downlink PDCP count associated with the RRC setup message which is transmitted from the UE 104 to the first network node 301.
[0092] As such, RRC security and / or UP security in the high layer split RAN architecture may be carried out.
[0093] In some implementations, as shown in step 316, the first network node 301 may transmit, to the second network node 302, UP TNL information (also referred to as first UP TNL information herein) comprising at least one of the following: UL UP TNL information (also referred to as first UL UP TNL information or NG-U UL UP TNL information herein) for delivery of a UL PDU from the second network node 302 to the CN 106; or DL UP TNL information (also referred to as first DL UP TNL information or F1-U DL UP TNL information herein) for delivery of a DL PDU from the second network node 302 to the first network node 301.
[0094] In some implementations, as shown in step 317, the first network node 301 may receive, from the second network node 302, UP TNL information (also referred to as second UP TNL information herein) comprising at least one of the following: DL UP TNL information (also referred to as second DL UP TNL information or NG-U DL UP TNL information herein) for delivery of a DL PDU from the CN 106 to the second network node 302; or UL UP TNL information (also referred to as second UL UP TNL information or F1-U UL UP TNL information herein) for delivery of a UL PDU from the first network node 301 to the second network node 302.
[0095] In some implementations, as shown in step 318, the first network node 301 may transmit the second DL UP TNL information to the CN 106.
[0096] As such, data forwarding in the high layer split RAN architecture may be carried out. For the data forwarding, the first network node 301 may provide to the second network node 302 the UL UP TNL information towards the core network and the DL UP TNL information towards the first network node 301, while the second network node 302 may provide to the first network node 301 the DL UP TNL information towards the second network node 302 and the UL UP TNL information towards the second network node 302.
[0097] In some scenarios, the UE 104 may move from the first network node 301 (source DU) to the third network node 303 (target DU) connected to the same second network node 302 (CU) , i.e., inter-DU intra-CU mobility.
[0098] For the mobility, as shown in step 319, the first network node 301 may transmit mobility related information to the third network node 303.
[0099] In some implementations, the first network node 301 may transmit, to the third network node 303, UE context information at the second network node 302 on a connection (also referred to as a source connection herein) with the first network node 301. The UE context information comprises at least one of the following: an identity (ID) of the second network node 302 connected to the first network node 301; or an identity of the UE 104 allocated at the second network node 302 on the connection with the first network node 301.
[0100] In some implementations, the first network node 301 may transmit, to the third network node 303, UE context information at the core network 106 on the connection with the first network node 301. The UE context information comprises at least one of the following: an identity of the UE 104 allocated at the core network 106 on the connection with the first network node for the CP; or an identity of the UE 104 allocated at the core network 106 on the connection with the first network node 301 for the UP.
[0101] In some implementations, the first network node 301 may transmit, to the third network node 303, one or more keys to be used by the third network node 303 for RRC security with the UE 104. The one or more keys comprise at least one of the following: a key (denoted as KRRCenc*herein) for RRC ciphering by the third network node 303 with the UE 104; or a key (denoted as KRRCint*herein) for RRC integrity protection by the third network node 303 with the UE 104.
[0102] In some implementations, the key for RRC ciphering by the third network node 303 with the UE 104 is derived from a key (denoted as KRRCenc herein) for RRC ciphering by the first network node 301 with the UE 104. In some implementations, KRRCenc is derived from a key for base station (denoted as KgNB herein) .
[0103] In some implementations, the key for RRC integrity protection by the third network node 303 with the UE 104 is derived from a key (denoted as KRRCint herein) for RRC integrity protection by the first network node with the UE. In some implementations, KRRCint is derived from the key for base station (KgNB) .
[0104] As shown in step 320, the first network node 301 may receive, from the third network node 303, a handover command message (e.g., HandoverCommand message) comprising an indicator (also referred to as a second indicator herein) indicating at least one of the following: whether the UE 104 derives one or more keys for RRC security, or whether the UE 104 derives one or more keys for UP security.
[0105] As shown in step 321, the first network node 301 may transmit the handover command message to the UE 104. In some implementations, the handover command message may comprise the second indicator.
[0106] In some implementations, if the second indicator indicates that the one or more keys for UP security remain unchanged, the UE 104 may derive the one or more keys for RRC security while the one or more keys for UP security remain unchanged.
[0107] In some implementations, if the second indicator indicates that the one or more keys for UP security are required, the UE 104 may derive both the one or more keys for RRC security and the one or more keys for UP security.
[0108] In some implementations, if the second indicator indicates that the one or more keys for RRC security are required, the UE 104 may derive the one or more keys for RRC security while the one or more keys for UP security remain unchanged.
[0109] In some implementations, the handover command message may not comprise the second indicator. In some implementations, if the handover command message does not comprise the second indicator, the UE 104 may derive the one or more keys for RRC security while the one or more keys for UP security remain unchanged.
[0110] As such, inter-DU intra-CU mobility in the high layer split RAN architecture may be supported.
[0111] For illustration, some example implementations of the process 300 will be described in connection with Figs. 4 and 5.
[0112] Fig. 4 illustrate a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 400 that supports a high layer split RAN architecture in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. For convenience, the process 400 will be described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2. The process 400 may involve the UE 104, the first network node 301, the second network node 302 and the core network 106. Definitions of the first network node 301 and the second network node 302 in the process 400 are the same as that in the process 300, and thus are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0113] Generally, the process 400 is an example implementation of UE initial access.
[0114] As shown in Fig. 4, at step 401, the UE 104 may send an RRCSetupRequest message to the first network node 301.
[0115] At step 402, the first network node 301 may send an RRCSetup message to the UE 104.
[0116] In some implementations, the RRCSetup message may include the indicator (i.e., the first indicator) indicating the RAN architecture, e.g., indicating whether the RAN architecture is split (e.g., disaggregate) or aggregate. For example, the indicator may include two codepoints, where a codepoint indicates the RAN architecture is split and another codepoint indicates the RAN architecture is aggregate (e.g., non-split) .
[0117] At step 403, the UE 104 may send an RRCSetupComplete message to the first network node 301.
[0118] At step 404, the first network node 301 may send an INITIAL UE MESSAGE message to the core network 106 (e.g., access and mobility management function in 6GC) .
[0119] At step 405, the core network 106 may send an INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST message to the first network node 301. The INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST message may include a security key (i.e., the first key KBS) used for deriving AS related keys, supported algorithms for encryption and integrity protection in the UE 104, and NG-U UL UP TNL information (e.g., an Internet protocol (IP) address and general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol (GTP) tunnel endpoint identifier) for delivery of a UL PDU from the second network node 302 to the core network 106 (e.g., user plane function in 6GC) .
[0120] At step 406, the first network node 301 may send, to the second network node 302, a BEARER CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST message to establish the bearer context in the second network node 302.
[0121] In some implementations, the BEARER CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST message may include the SDAP configuration and / or PDCP configuration of one or more DRBs. The SDAP configuration of a DRB includes at least one of the following: - pdu-Session: identity of a PDU session whose QoS flows are mapped to the DRB; - sdap-HeaderUL: indicates whether or not a SDAP header is present for UL data on this DRB; - sdap-HeaderDL: indicates whether or not a SDAP header is present for DL data on this DRB; - defaultDRB: indicates whether or not this is the default DRB for this PDU session; - mappedQoS-FlowsToAdd: indicates a list of QoS flow identitifers (QFIs) of UL QoS flows of the PDU session to be additionally mapped to this DRB; - outOfOrderDelivery: indicates whether or not out of order delivery is configured for this DRB.
[0122] The PDCP configuration of a DRB includes at least one of the following: - PDCP sequence number size for downlink / uplink; - t-reordering: the timer for PDCP reordering; - discardTimer: the timer for PDCP discard; - headerCompression: parameters for header compression. If rohc is configured, the UE shall apply the configured ROHC profile (s) in both uplink and downlink; - integrityProtection: indicates whether or not integrity protection is configured for this radio bearer; - outOfOrderDelivery: indicates whether or not out of order delivery is configured for this radio bearer.
[0123] In some implementations, the BEARER CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST message may include the NG-U UL UP TNL information received in the step 405, and F1-U DL UP TNL information for delivery of DL PDU from the second network node 302 to the first network node 301.
[0124] In some implementations, the BEARER CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST message may include security information for configuring UP ciphering and / or integrity protection. - option 1: the security information includes the encryption key used for UP ciphering and / or integrity protection key used for UP integrity protection. In addition, the security information includes the ciphering algorithm and / or integrity protection algorithm used for the UP. The ciphering algorithm and / or integrity protection algorithm are selected by the first network node 301 from the supported algorithms of the UE 104, which are received in the step 405. - option 2: the security information includes the KBS received in the step 405, and the ciphering algorithm and / or integrity protection algorithm used for the UP. The ciphering algorithm and / or integrity protection algorithm are selected by the first network node 301 from the supported algorithms of the UE 104, which are received in the step 405. - option 3: the security information includes the KCU, and the ciphering algorithm and / or integrity protection algorithm used for the UP. The ciphering algorithm and / or integrity protection algorithm are selected by the first network node 301 from the supported algorithms of the UE 104, which are received in the step 405.
[0125] In some implementations, the KCU is derived from the KBS by the first network node 301, where the KCU is used for deriving UP related keys. During the derivation of KCU, any one or more of the following sub-options may be used: - sub-option 1: the uplink NAS COUNT used as an input should be set to the default value, e.g., 0; - sub-option 2: the uplink NAS COUNT used as an input should be set to a value (i.e., the first value) . The value should be sent to the UE 104, e.g., in the step 408 as described later; - sub-option 3: the uplink NAS COUNT is not used as an input, but the uplink PDCP COUNT associated with the RRCSetupComplete message in the step 403 is used as an input; - sub-option 4: an uplink NAS COUNT is not used as an input, but the downlink PDCP COUNT associated with the RRCSetup message in the step 402 is used as an input.
[0126] At step 407, the second network node 302 may send a BEARER CONTEXT SETUP RESPONSE message to the first network node 301.
[0127] In some implementations, the BEARER CONTEXT SETUP RESPONSE message may include the NG-U DL TNL information for delivery of DL PDU from the core network 106 to the second network node 302, and the F1-U UL TNL information for delivery of UL PDU from the first network node 301 to the second network node 302.
[0128] In some implementations, if the second network node 302 receives the UP related encryption key and / or integrity protection key in the step 406 (i.e., option 1) , the second network node 302 may use the encryption key for UP ciphering and use the integrity protection key for UP integrity protection.
[0129] In some implementations, if the second network node 302 receives the KBS in the step 406 (i.e., option 2) , the second network node 302 may use the KBS as an input to derive the encryption key used for UP ciphering and / or the integrity protection key used for UP integrity protection.
[0130] In some implementations, if the second network node 302 receives the KCU in the step 406 (i.e., option 3) , the second network node 302 may use the KCU as an input to derive the encryption key used for UP ciphering and / or integrity protection key used for UP integrity protection. In this case, the BEARER CONTEXT SETUP RESPONSE message may include the value used as the uplink NAS COUNT for deriving the KCU, i.e., the sub-option 2 of option 3 in the step 406.
[0131] At step 408, the first network node 301 may send a SecurityModeCommand message to the UE 104.
[0132] In some implementations, the SecurityModeCommand message may include the value (i.e., the first value) used as the uplink NAS COUNT for deriving the KCU, which is received in the step 407.
[0133] At step 409, the UE 104 may activate the AS security and responds with a SecurityModeComplete message to the first network node 301.
[0134] In some implementations, if the indicator received in the step 402 indicates the RAN architecture is split, the UE 104 may derive the KCU from the KBS and use the KCU as an input to derive the encryption key used for UP ciphering and / or integrity protection key used for UP integrity protection. During the deriving of KCU, any of the sub-options 1 to 4 described in the step 406 may be used.
[0135] At step 410, the first network node 301 may send an RRCReconfiguration message to the UE 104.
[0136] At step 411, the UE 104 may send an RRCReconfigurationComplete message to the first network node 301.
[0137] At step 412, the first network node 301 may send an INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP RESPONSE message to the core network 106.
[0138] In some implementations, the INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP RESPONSE message may include the NG-U DL TNL information for delivery of DL PDU from the core network 106 to the second network node 302, which is received in the step 407.
[0139] Fig. 5 illustrate a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 500 that supports a high layer split RAN architecture in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. For convenience, the process 500 will be described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2. The process 500 may involve the UE 104, the first network node 301, the second network node 302, the third network node 303, and the core network 106. Definitions of the first network node 301, the second network node 302 and the third network node 303 in the process 400 are the same as that in the process 300, and thus are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0140] The first network node 301 may be implemented as a source DU 301, the second network node 302 may be implemented as a CU 302, and the third network node 301 may be implemented as a target DU 303. For convenience, the process 500 will be described in connection with the source DU 301, CU 302 and target DU 303 below.
[0141] Generally, the process 500 is an example implementation of inter-DU intra-CU mobility.
[0142] As shown in Fig. 5, at step 501, the source DU 301 may issue a Handover Request message to the target DU 303, to request the preparation of resources for a handover.
[0143] In some implementations, the Handover Request message may include UE context information at the CU 302 on a connection with the source DU 301 (i.e., the source connection) , which includes at least one of the following: - a node ID which identifies the CU 302 connected to the source DU 301; or - a UE ID allocated at the CU 302 on the source connection, e.g., a CU UE F1-C ID.
[0144] In some implementations, the Handover Request message may include UE context information at the core network 106 on the source connection, which includes at least one of the following: - a UE ID allocated at the core network 106 on the source connection for the control plane, e.g., a 6GC UE NG-C ID; or - a UE ID allocated at the core network 106 on the source connection for the user plane, e.g., a 6GC UE NG-U ID.
[0145] In some implementations, the Handover Request message may include one or more keys to be used by the target DU 303 for RRC security with the UE 104, which includes at least one of the following: - KRRCenc*, derived from the KRRCenc, is to be used for RRC ciphering by the target DU 303 with the UE 104. The KRRCenc, derived from KgNB, is used for RRC ciphering by the source DU 301 with the UE 104; or - KRRCint*, derived from the KRRCint, is to be used for RRC integrity protection by the target DU 303 with the UE 104. The KRRCint, derived from KgNB, is used for RRC integrity protection by the source DU 301 with the UE 104.
[0146] At step 502, the target DU 303 may send a Bearer Context Setup Request message to the CU 302.
[0147] In some implementations, based on the CU node ID connected to the source DU 301, the target DU 303 may identify the CU connected to the target DU 303 is the same with the CU connected to the source DU 301. In this case, the Bearer Context Setup Request message may include the UE ID allocated at the CU 302 on the source connection, e.g., the CU UE F1-C ID, which is received in the step 501. - For one example, the CU node ID may be received from the source DU 301 in the step 501. - For another example, the CU node ID may be received from the source DU 301 in other procedures, e.g., Xn-C setup procedure.
[0148] At step 503, the CU 302 may send a Bearer Context Setup Response message to the target DU 303.
[0149] At step 504, the target DU 303 may send a Handover Request Acknowledge message to the source DU 301, which includes a HandoverCommand message to be sent to the UE 104 as an RRC message to perform the handover.
[0150] In some implementations, the HandoverCommand message may include an indicator (i.e., the second indicator) which indicates at least one of the following: - whether the UE 104 shall derive new RRC relate keys, e.g., a new key used for RRC ciphering, and / or a new key used for RRC integrity protection; or - whether the UE 104 shall derive new UP related keys, e.g., a new key used for UP ciphering, and / or a new key used for UP integrity protection.
[0151] At step 505, the source DU 301 may trigger a Uu handover by sending the received HandoverCommand message to the UE 104.
[0152] For one example, if the indicator included in the HandoverCommand message indicates that the UP related keys remain unchanged, the UE 104 only derives the new RRC related keys.
[0153] For another example, if the indicator included in the HandoverCommand message indicates that the new UP related keys are required, the UE 104 derives both the new RRC related keys and the new UP related keys.
[0154] For another example, if the indicator is not included in the HandoverCommand message, the UE 104 derives the new RRC related keys while the UP related keys remain unchanged.
[0155] For another example, if the indicator included in the HandoverCommand message indicates that the new RRC related keys are required, the UE 104 derives the new RRC related keys while the UP related keys remain unchanged.
[0156] At step 506, the UE 104 may synchronise to a target cell and complete an RRC handover procedure with the target DU 303.
[0157] At step 507, the target DU 303 may send a Handover Notify message to inform the core network 106 that the UE 104 has been identified in the target cell, and to establish an NG-C interface instance towards the target DU 303.
[0158] In some implementations, the Handover Notify message may include the UE context information at the core network 106 on the source connection, which includes at least one of the following: - the UE ID allocated at the core network 106 on the source connection for the control plane, e.g., the 6GC UE NG-C ID; or - the UE ID allocated at the core network 106 on the source connection for the user plane, e.g., the 6GC UE NG-U ID.
[0159] It shall be noted that the steps and the order of the steps in any of the processes 300, 400 and 500 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. For example, the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may be omitted or any other suitable additional steps may be added. The steps in these processes may be carried out in any suitable combinations.
[0160] In summary, the present disclosure supports a high layer split RAN architecture in the following aspects.
[0161] In one aspect, the present disclosure introduces a new CU-DU split RAN architecture. DU is the single control plane point in the RAN, which terminates the control plane interface communicated with the core network and with other DU. CU terminates the user plane interface communicated with the core network and with other CU. DU generates the RRC message sent to UE, and provides SDAP configuration and PDCP configuration for DRB to CU. DU provides the UL UP TNL information towards the core network and the DL UP TNL information towards the DU to CU, while CU provides the DL UP TNL information towards the CU and the UL UP TNL information towards the CU to DU.
[0162] In another aspect, the present disclosure at least supports AS security. DU derives the keys used for RRC integrity protection and / or ciphering based on the KBS received from the core network. Different options for deriving keys used for UP security are defined.
[0163] In another aspect, the present disclosure supports inter-DU intra-CU mobility. Source DU provides a CU UE ID to a target DU, which will be sent to a CU to maintain the bearer context of a UE. The target DU sends the received CU UE ID to the core network to maintain the UP context while establish a new CP connection towards the target DU. The source DU provides the new keys used for RRC security to the target DU, and the target DU indicates to the UE that the keys used for UP security remains unchanged.
[0164] Fig. 6 illustrates an example of a device 600 that supports a high layer split RAN architecture in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 600 may be an example of a network entity 102 or a UE 104 as described herein. The device 600 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 600 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 602, a memory 604, a transceiver 606, and, optionally, an I / O controller 608. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0165] The processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0166] In some implementations, the processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 602 and the memory 604 coupled with the processor 602 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 602, instructions stored in the memory 604) .
[0167] For example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the device 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some implementations where the device 600 is implemented as a UE, the processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for: receiving, from a first network node via the transceiver, an RRC message comprising at least one of a PHY configuration, a MAC configuration, an RLC configuration, an SDAP configuration of one or more DRBs or a PDCP configuration of one or more DRBs; and transmitting, to the first network node via the transceiver, a response to the RRC message. The first network node hosts functionalities of a PHY layer, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, an RRC layer, and a CP of a PDCP layer.
[0168] In some implementations where the device 600 is implemented as a first network node, the processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for: transmitting, to a second network node via the transceiver, at least one of an SDAP configuration or a PDCP configuration of one or more DRBs; and transmitting, to a UE via the transceiver, an RRC message comprising at least one of a PHY configuration, a MAC configuration, an RLC configuration, the SDAP configuration or the PDCP configuration. The first network node hosts functionalities of a PHY layer, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, an RRC layer, and a CP of a PDCP layer, and the second network node hosts a functionality of a UP of the PDCP layer. The second network node may also host a functionality of an SDAP layer.
[0169] The processor 602 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 602 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 602. The processor 602 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 604) to cause the device 600 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0170] The memory 604 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 604 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 602 cause the device 600 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 602 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 604 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0171] The I / O controller 608 may manage input and output signals for the device 600. The I / O controller 608 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 600. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 606. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 600 via the I / O controller 608 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 608.
[0172] In some implementations, the device 600 may include a single antenna 610. However, in some other implementations, the device 600 may have more than one antenna 610 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 606 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 610, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 606 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 606 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 610 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 610. The transceiver 606 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0173] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 610 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0174] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 610 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0175] Fig. 7 illustrates an example of a processor 700 that supports a high layer split RAN architecture in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 700 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may include a controller 702 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may optionally include at least one memory 704, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 700 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 706. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0176] The processor 700 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0177] The controller 702 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 702 may operate as a control unit of the processor 700, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 700. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0178] The controller 702 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 704 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 702 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 704. The controller 702 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 702 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 702 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 700. The controller 702 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 700.
[0179] The memory 704 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 700 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 704 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 700) . In some other implementations, the memory 704 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 700) .
[0180] The memory 704 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 700, cause the processor 700 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 702 and / or the processor 700 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 704 to cause the processor 700 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 700 and / or the controller 702 may be coupled with or to the memory 704, the processor 700, the controller 702, and the memory 704 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 700 may include multiple processors and the memory 704 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0181] The one or more ALUs 706 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 706 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 706 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) . One or more ALUs 706 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 706 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 706 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 706 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 706 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0182] The processor 700 may support wireless communication at the device 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some implementations where the device 600 is implemented as a UE, the processor 700 may be configured to operable to support a means for: receiving, from a first network node via the transceiver, an RRC message comprising at least one of a PHY configuration, a MAC configuration, an RLC configuration, an SDAP configuration of one or more DRBs or a PDCP configuration of one or more DRBs; and transmitting, to the first network node via the transceiver, a response to the RRC message. The first network node hosts functionalities of a PHY layer, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, an RRC layer, and a CP of a PDCP layer.
[0183] In some implementations where the device 600 is implemented as a first network node, the processor 700 may be configured to operable to support a means for: transmitting, to a second network node via the transceiver, at least one of an SDAP configuration or a PDCP configuration of one or more DRBs; and transmitting, to a UE via the transceiver, an RRC message comprising at least one of a PHY configuration, a MAC configuration, an RLC configuration, the SDAP configuration or the PDCP configuration. The first network node hosts functionalities of a PHY layer, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, an RRC layer, and a CP of a PDCP layer, and the second network node hosts a functionality of a UP of the PDCP layer. The second network node may also host a functionality of an SDAP layer.
[0184] Fig. 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 800 supporting a high layer split RAN architecture in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 800 may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104 as described herein) . In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0185] At 810, the method may include receiving, from a first network node, an RRC message comprising at least one of a PHY configuration, a MAC configuration, an RLC configuration, an SDAP configuration of one or more DRBs or a PDCP configuration of one or more DRBs. The first network node hosts functionalities of a PHY layer, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, an RRC layer, and a CP of a PDCP layer. The operations of 810 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 810 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.
[0186] At 820, the method may include transmitting, to the first network node, a response to the RRC message. The operations of 820 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 820 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.
[0187] Fig. 9 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 900 supporting a high layer split RAN architecture in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by a first network node (e.g., the network entity 104 or DU as described herein) . In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0188] At 910, the method may include transmitting, to a second network node, at least one of an SDAP configuration or a PDCP configuration of one or more DRBs. The first network node hosts functionalities of a PHY layer, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, an RRC layer, and a CP of a PDCP layer, and the second network node hosts a functionality of a UP of the PDCP layer. The operations of 910 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.
[0189] At 920, the method may include transmitting, to a UE, an RRC message comprising at least one of a PHY configuration, a MAC configuration, an RLC configuration, the SDAP configuration or the PDCP configuration. The operations of 920 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 920 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.
[0190] It shall be noted that implementations of the present disclosure which have been described with reference to Figs. 1 to 5 are also applicable to the device 600, the processor 700 as well as the methods 800 and 900.
[0191] It shall be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0192] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0193] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0194] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0195] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0196] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
A first network node, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:transmit, to a second network node via the transceiver, at least one of a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) configuration or a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) configuration of one or more data radio bearers (DRBs) ; andtransmit, to a user equipment (UE) via the transceiver, a radio resource control (RRC) message comprising at least one of a physical (PHY) configuration, a medium access control (MAC) configuration, a radio link control (RLC) configuration, the SDAP configuration or the PDCP configuration,wherein the first network node hosts functionalities of a PHY layer, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, an RRC layer, and a control plane (CP) of a PDCP layer, and the second network node hosts a functionality of a user plane (UP) of the PDCP layer.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive a first key from a core network (CN) via the transceiver; andderive, based on the first key, at least one of a key for RRC ciphering by the first network node with the UE or a key for RRC integrity protection by the first network node with the UE.The first network node of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit, to the second network node via the transceiver, security information for configuring at least one of UP ciphering or UP integrity protection, wherein the security information comprises at least one of the following:a ciphering algorithm, and a key for the UP ciphering;an integrity protection algorithm, and a key for the UP integrity protection;at least one of the ciphering algorithm or the integrity protection algorithm, and the first key; orat least one of the ciphering algorithm or the integrity protection algorithm, and a second key derived from the first key.The first network node of claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to:derive the second key by using, as an input, one of the following:an uplink non-access stratum (NAS) count set to a default value;an uplink NAS count set to a first value which is to be transmitted to the UE;an uplink PDCP count associated with an RRC setup complete message which is transmitted from the first network node to the UE; ora downlink PDCP count associated with an RRC setup message which is transmitted from the UE to the first network node.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit, to the UE via the transceiver, an indicator indicating whether a radio access network (RAN) architecture is split or aggregate.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit, to the second network node via the transceiver, UP transport network layer (TNL) information comprising at least one of the following:first uplink (UL) UP TNL information for delivery of a UL protocol data unit (PDU) from the second network node to a core network (CN) ; orfirst downlink (DL) UP TNL information for delivery of a DL PDU from the second network node to the first network node.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive, from the second network node via the transceiver, UP transport network layer (TNL) information comprising at least one of the following:second downlink (DL) UP TNL information for delivery of a DL protocol data unit (PDU) from a core network (CN) to the second network node; orsecond uplink (UL) UP TNL information for delivery of a UL PDU from the first network node to the second network node.The first network node of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit the second DL UP TNL information to the CN via the transceiver.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit, to a third network node via the transceiver, UE context information at the second network node on a connection with the first network node, wherein the UE context information comprises at least one of the following:an identity of the second network node connected to the first network node; oran identity of the UE allocated at the second network node on the connection with the first network node.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit, to a third network node via the transceiver, UE context information at a core network (CN) on a connection with the first network node, wherein the UE context information comprises at least one of the following:an identity of the UE allocated at the CN on the connection with the first network node for the CP; oran identity of the UE allocated at the CN on the connection with the first network node for the UP.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit, to a third network node via the transceiver, one or more keys to be used by the third network node for RRC security with the UE, wherein the one or more keys comprise at least one of the following:a key for RRC ciphering by the third network node with the UE; ora key for RRC integrity protection by the third network node with the UE.The first network node of claim 11, wherein the key for RRC ciphering by the third network node with the UE is derived from a key for RRC ciphering by the first network node with the UE, andwherein the key for RRC integrity protection by the third network node with the UE is derived from a key for RRC integrity protection by the first network node with the UE.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive, from a third network node via the transceiver, a handover command message comprising an indicator indicating at least one of whether the UE derives one or more keys for RRC security, or whether the UE derives one or more keys for UP security; andtransmit the handover command message to the UE via the transceiver.The first network node of any of claims 9 to 13, wherein the third network node connects to the second network node and hosts functionalities of a PHY layer, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, an RRC layer, and a CP of a PDCP layer.A user equipment (UE) , comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:receive, from a first network node via the transceiver, a radio resource control (RRC) message comprising at least one of a physical (PHY) configuration, a medium access control (MAC) configuration, a radio link control (RLC) configuration, a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) configuration of one or more data radio bearers (DRBs) or a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) configuration of one or more DRBs; andtransmit, to the first network node via the transceiver, a response to the RRC message,wherein the first network node hosts functionalities of a PHY layer, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, an RRC layer, and a control plane (CP) of a PDCP layer.The UE of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive, from the first network node via the transceiver, an indicator indicating whether a radio access network (RAN) architecture is split or aggregate; andin accordance with a determination that the indicator indicates that the RAN architecture is split, derive at least one of a key for user plane (UP) ciphering or a key for UP integrity protection by using a second key as an input, wherein the second key is derived from a first key.The UE of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:derive the second key by using, as an input, one of the following:an uplink non-access stratum (NAS) count set to a default value;an uplink NAS count set to a first value which is to be transmitted to the UE;an uplink PDCP count associated with an RRC setup complete message which is transmitted from the first network node to the UE; ora downlink PDCP count associated with an RRC setup message which is transmitted from the UE to the first network node.The UE of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive, from the first network node via the transceiver, a handover command message;in accordance with a determination that the handover command message comprises an indicator indicating at least one of whether the UE derives one or more keys for RRC security, or whether the UE derives one or more keys for user plane (UP) security, perform an operation comprising at least one of the following:in accordance with a determination that the indicator indicates that the one or more keys for UP security remain unchanged, deriving the one or more keys for RRC security while the one or more keys for UP security remain unchanged,in accordance with a determination that the indicator indicates that the one or more keys for UP security are required, deriving both the one or more keys for RRC security and the one or more keys for UP security, orin accordance with a determination that the indicator indicates that the one or more keys for RRC security are required, deriving the one or more keys for RRC security while the one or more keys for UP security remain unchanged; andin accordance with a determination that the handover command message does not comprise the indicator, derive the one or more keys for RRC security while the one or more keys for UP security remain unchanged.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; anda controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to:receive, from a first network node, a radio resource control (RRC) message comprising at least one of a physical (PHY) configuration, a medium access control (MAC) configuration, a radio link control (RLC) configuration, a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) configuration of one or more data radio bearers (DRBs) or a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) configuration of one or more DRBs; andtransmit, to the first network node, a response to the RRC message,wherein the first network node hosts functionalities of a PHY layer, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, an RRC layer, and a control plane (CP) of a PDCP layer.A method performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:receiving, from a first network node, a radio resource control (RRC) message comprising at least one of a physical (PHY) configuration, a medium access control (MAC) configuration, a radio link control (RLC) configuration, a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) configuration of one or more data radio bearers (DRBs) or a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) configuration of one or more DRBs; andtransmitting, to the first network node, a response to the RRC message,wherein the first network node hosts functionalities of a PHY layer, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, an RRC layer, and a control plane (CP) of a PDCP layer.