Antenna array, base station antenna, and base station

Abstract

The present application provides an antenna array, a base station antenna, and a base station. The antenna array comprises: N radiation units, a metal reflecting plate, and a stripline cavity structure, wherein N is greater than or equal to 1, and N is an integer; the N radiation units are located on a first surface of the metal reflecting plate; the stripline cavity structure is arranged on a second surface of the metal reflecting plate, and the stripline cavity structure is connected to the metal reflecting plate by means of a first metal member; the first surface is opposite to the second surface; the projections of M slots on the metal reflecting plate on the metal reflecting plate intersect the projection of the first metal member on the metal reflecting plate, wherein M is greater than or equal to 1, and M is an integer. On the basis of the above technical solution, by providing slots at coupling positions between the reflecting plate and the stripline cavity structure, resonance caused by unstable electrical connection between the stripline cavity structure and the reflecting plate can be broken by means of the slot discontinuities, thereby improving the stability of antenna performance.

Description

An antenna array, a base station antenna, and a base station

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411854881.3, filed on December 13, 2024, entitled "An Antenna Array, Base Station Antenna and Base Station", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communications, and more specifically, to an antenna array, a base station antenna, and a base station. Background Technology

[0003] With the development of equipment and the advancement of technology, the demand for long-distance communication is placing increasingly higher requirements on antenna gain. Multiple antennas forming an array can effectively increase the electrical size of the antenna, thereby providing higher gain.

[0004] Currently, a typical base station antenna usually consists of three parts: a radiating array element, a reflector for constraining direction, and a feed network mounted on the reflector to provide amplitude and phase to the radiating array element. To further achieve energy conservation in base stations, increasingly stringent requirements are being placed on the low energy consumption of antennas. Therefore, the connection method between the feed network and the radiating array element has evolved from long cables to cableless connections, thus avoiding the problems of numerous cables, complex assembly, and difficult feed network wiring in multi-array applications.

[0005] Since most currently used wireless feed networks utilize stripline structures, resonance can easily occur between the cavity and the reflector, thus degrading antenna performance. Therefore, eliminating resonance and improving antenna performance stability has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides an antenna array, a base station antenna, and a base station, which can improve the stability of antenna performance.

[0007] In a first aspect, an antenna array is provided, comprising: N radiating elements, a metal reflector, and a stripline cavity structure, where N ≥ 1 and N is an integer. The N radiating elements are located on a first surface of the metal reflector, and the stripline cavity structure is located on a second surface of the metal reflector. The stripline cavity structure is connected to the metal reflector via a first metal component. The first surface and the second surface are opposite to each other. The projections of M slits on the metal reflector onto the metal reflector intersect with the projections of the first metal component onto the metal reflector, where M ≥ 1 and M is an integer.

[0008] In the technical solution of this application, a gap is provided at the coupling position between the reflector and the stripline cavity structure. This gap defect can interrupt the resonance caused by the unstable electrical connection between the stripline cavity structure and the reflector, thereby improving the stability of the antenna performance. Furthermore, by providing a gap on the reflector, the manufacturing cost of the antenna array can be reduced while eliminating resonance.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the strip-shaped cavity structure is connected to the metal reflector via a first metal member, including: one side of the first metal member is connected to at least one cavity plate in the strip-shaped cavity structure, and the other side of the first metal member is connected to the metal reflector.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the strip-shaped cavity structure is connected to the first metal component, or the first metal component is connected to the metal reflector by at least one of the following methods: adhesive bonding, riveting, or flange connection.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the absolute value of the difference between the length of the first metal member along the first direction and the length of the cavity of the strip-shaped cavity structure along the first direction is less than or equal to a threshold, wherein the first direction is parallel to the length direction of the metal reflector.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first metal component is composed of one or more second metal components.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, at least one side of the first radiating unit is provided with a slit; or, at least one side of the first radiating unit is provided with multiple slits; wherein, the first radiating unit is at least one of the N radiating units.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, when multiple slits are provided on at least one side of the first radiating unit, the number of slits on each side is equal, or the number of slits on each side is unequal.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the second radiating element is a radiating element adjacent to the first radiating element. When a gap is provided between the first radiating element and the second radiating element, the gap is located at the middle position between the first radiating element and the second radiating element; or, the distance between the gap and the first radiating element is less than the distance between the gap and the second radiating element; or, the distance between the gap and the first radiating element is greater than the distance between the gap and the second radiating element.

[0016] In the above technical solution, by arranging the gaps at different positions, it is possible to avoid some structural components or debugging components in the antenna array, thereby further improving the stability of antenna performance.

[0017] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the M slots do not pass through the array axis of the antenna array.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, at least one of the M slots passes through the array axis of the antenna array, and the slot passing through the array axis intersects the array axis.

[0019] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the shape of the gap includes at least one of the regular shapes, which includes at least one of the following: rectangle, triangle, circle, ellipse, semicircle, sector; and / or, at least one of the irregular shapes.

[0020] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the length of the slit is in the range of [0.2λ, 1λ], where λ is the operating frequency band of the radiating element.

[0021] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the strip-shaped cavity structure further includes a sliding medium located on one side of the first conductor strip and slidable on the first conductor strip.

[0022] In the above technical solution, the phase shifting function of the phase shifter can be realized through the sliding medium.

[0023] In a second aspect, a base station antenna is provided, comprising one or more antenna arrays as described in the first aspect and any implementation thereof.

[0024] Thirdly, a communication device is provided, including a base station antenna as described in the second aspect.

[0025] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the communication device further includes a baseband processing unit connected to the antenna.

[0026] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the antenna further includes a feed network, and the baseband processing unit is connected to the feed network; or, the antenna further includes a radio frequency processing unit and a feed network, and the baseband processing unit is connected to the feed network through the radio frequency processing unit.

[0027] Fourthly, a communication system is provided, including a core network device and a communication device as described in the third aspect and any implementation thereof, wherein the communication device is communicatively connected to the core network device. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the communication system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 2 is a block diagram of the internal structure of a base station antenna.

[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the strip.

[0031] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the strip.

[0032] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the strip-shaped cavity.

[0033] Figure 6 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna array 601 of a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure 7 is a side view of the antenna array 601 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0035] Figure 8 is a side view of an antenna array 601 provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0036] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the back of an antenna array 601 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0037] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the back of an antenna array 601 provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 11 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna array 601 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure 12 is a front view of an antenna array 601 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0040] Figure 13 is a front view of an antenna array 601 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 14 is a front view of an antenna array 601 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0042] Figure 15 is a front view of an antenna array 601 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0043] Figure 16 is a front view of an antenna array 601 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0044] Figure 17 is a front view of an antenna array 601 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0045] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the shape of a gap provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0046] Figure 19 is a side view of an antenna array 601 provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0047] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of a base station structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0048] Reference numerals: 110-Base station; 120-Terminal; 301-Conductor strip; 302-First ground plane; 303-Second ground plane; 304-Dielectric; 501-First stripline side plate; 502-Second stripline side plate; 601-Antenna array; 611-Radiating element; 612-Metal reflector; 6121-First surface; 6122-Second surface; 613-Stripline cavity structure; 6131-Sub-cavity structure; 614 - Microstrip line circuit; 615 - First ground plane; 616 - Second ground plane; 617 - Baffle; 6171 - Hole; First conductor strip - 6132; First metal component - 618; Second metal component - 6181; 619 - Gap; 620 - Sliding medium; 621 - Square hole; 2010 - Processor; 2020 - Memory; 2030 - Interface; 2040 - Transceiver; 2050 - Base station antenna. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions in this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] This application relates to base station antennas in the field of wireless communication. These base station antennas are used in communication systems. Please refer to Figure 1, which is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system according to an embodiment of this application. The communication system includes a base station 110 and a terminal 120. The base station 110 includes a base station antenna, which is a connection device between the terminal 120 and the wireless network radio frequency front-end, mainly used for cell coverage of wireless signals. The base station 110 receives signals transmitted by the terminal 120 through the base station antenna, or the base station 110 transmits signals to the terminal 120 through the base station antenna.

[0051] It should be understood that the specific type of base station 110 is not limited in the embodiments of this application. In systems employing different wireless access technologies, the names of devices with base station functions may differ. For ease of description, in all embodiments of this application, the devices that provide wireless communication functions for terminal 120 are collectively referred to as base stations, such as base station equipment or small cell equipment (pico) in future network communications.

[0052] Base station 110 includes, but is not limited to: evolved Node B (eNB), radio network controller (RNC), Node B (NB), base station controller (BSC), base transceiver station (BTS), home base station (e.g., home evolved Node B, or home Node B, HNB), baseband unit (BBU), access point (AP), wireless relay node, wireless backhaul node, transmission and reception point (TRP or transmission point, TP) in a wireless fidelity (WIFI) system, and can also be gNB in ​​5G, such as NR, or transmission point (TRP or TP), one or a group of antenna panels (including multiple antenna panels) of a base station in a 5G system, or network nodes constituting gNB or transmission point, such as baseband unit (BBU) or distributed unit (DU), etc.

[0053] Terminal 120 can communicate with one or more core networks via a radio access network (RAN). Terminal 120 may be referred to as an access terminal, terminal equipment, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, wireless communication equipment, user agent, or user device. The terminal can be a cellular phone, cordless phone, session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, wireless local loop (WLL) station, personal digital assistant (PDA), handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, computing device, or other device connected to a wireless modem, in-vehicle equipment, wearable device, or terminal equipment in the Internet of Things (IoT), vehicular networks, and any form of terminal equipment in future networks.

[0054] It should be understood that the embodiments of this application are not limited to the system architecture shown in FIG1. ​​Furthermore, the device in FIG1 can be hardware, software divided in terms of function, or a combination of the two.

[0055] Figure 2 shows the internal structure block diagram of a base station antenna. As shown in Figure 2, the base station antenna contains several independent array antennas composed of radiating elements of different frequencies. These array antennas transmit or receive radio frequency signals through their respective feed networks. Phase shifters are used to change the phase difference between the radiating elements of the array antennas, causing the antenna's vertical beam to form a specific downtilt angle. The feed network can achieve different radiating beam directions through transmission components, or it can be connected to a calibration network to obtain the calibration signals required by the system. Combiners, filters, and other modules for performance enhancement may also exist between the feed network and the base station antenna port.

[0056] To facilitate understanding, the terms used in the embodiments of this application will be explained first.

[0057] Array antenna: also known as antenna array, is an antenna system consisting of several identical individual antennas arranged according to a certain geometric pattern and operating through a common feed network. For ease of description, the term antenna array will be used consistently below.

[0058] The feed network is a crucial component of a base station antenna. It connects the antenna port to the array elements, forming a path for radio frequency signal transmission and enabling functions such as impedance matching and amplitude / phase allocation. The feed network is closely related to the performance of the base station array antenna. Its main function is to transmit high-frequency current from the transmitter to the radiating elements, or vice versa.

[0059] Stripline: Please refer to Figures 3 and 4 for understanding. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the stripline, and Figure 4 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the stripline. The stripline is a microwave transmission line composed of two ground planes and a conductor strip 301 placed between them. The two ground planes include a first ground plane 302 and a second ground plane 303. A dielectric 304 is filled between the first ground plane 302 and the second ground plane 303. When d1 and d2 are filled with the same material, d1 and d2 can be approximately equal or the same. Here, d1 is the first distance between the conductor strip 301 and the first ground plane 302, and d2 is the second distance between the conductor strip 301 and the second ground plane 303.

[0060] Cavity Structure: Please refer to Figure 5 for understanding. Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the stripline cavity structure. The stripline cavity structure consists of two ground planes and two stripline side plates. The two stripline side plates include a first stripline side plate 501 and a second stripline side plate 502. One side of the first stripline side plate 501 is connected to the first ground plane 302, and the other side of the first stripline side plate 501 is connected to the second ground plane 303. One side of the second stripline side plate 502 is connected to the first ground plane 302, and the other side of the second stripline side plate 502 is connected to the second ground plane 303.

[0061] Reflector: A metal plate, or metal reflector, used to enhance the directivity of an antenna.

[0062] Radiation unit: A component that converts electrical energy into electromagnetic energy and radiates it, or receives electromagnetic energy and converts it into electrical energy.

[0063] Phase shifter: A device that changes the feed phase of each radiating element in an electrically tunable antenna (i.e., an array antenna) is called a phase shifter. The phase shifter is a key component of electrically tunable base station antennas, capable of changing the phase difference between the radiating elements of the array antenna, causing the antenna's vertical beam to form a specific downtilt angle. By adjusting the phase shifter, the coverage range of the electrically tunable base station antenna can be flexibly changed to meet the needs of wireless network optimization.

[0064] With the development and technological advancements of base station antennas, increasingly stringent requirements for low-loss antennas are being placed on energy conservation in base stations. As described in the background section, in stripline structures, unstable electrical connections between the cavity and the reflector can easily lead to resonance, thereby degrading antenna performance. Therefore, this application aims to provide an antenna array capable of eliminating resonance caused by unstable electrical connections between the cavity and the reflector, thereby improving the stability of antenna performance.

[0065] The antenna array provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the specific accompanying drawings.

[0066] Figure 6 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna array 601 of a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of this application, and Figure 7 is a side view of the antenna array 601 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0067] In this embodiment, the base station antenna includes multiple antenna arrays, each antenna array including N radiating elements, a metal reflector, and one or more stripline cavity structures, where N ≥ 1 and N is an integer. For example, a base station antenna may include 3 antenna arrays, and an antenna array may include 4 radiating elements (in which case N = 4), a metal reflector, and a stripline cavity structure.

[0068] As shown in Figure 6, antenna array 601 will be used as an example for explanation. It should be noted that the structure of the other antenna arrays in the base station antenna is basically the same as that of antenna array 601, and will not be described in detail in this application.

[0069] The following description, with reference to Figures 6 and 7, uses an antenna array 601 comprising four radiating elements 611, a metal reflector 612, and a strip cavity structure 613 as an example. It should be noted that in practical applications, the number of array antennas 601 included in a base station antenna is not limited, nor is the number of radiating elements 611 in each array antenna 601.

[0070] Referring to Figures 6 and 7, the metal reflector 612 includes a first surface 6121 and a second surface 6122. Four radiating elements 611 are located on the first surface 6121 of the metal reflector 612, and two strip-shaped cavity structures 613 are located on the second surface 6122 of the metal reflector 612. The first surface 6121 and the second surface 6122 are opposite to each other. That is, the four radiating elements 611 and the two strip-shaped cavity structures 613 are located on two opposite surfaces of the metal reflector 612. It should be noted that the four radiating elements 611 located on the first surface 6121 of the metal reflector 612 can have several examples.

[0071] Example 1: Four radiating elements are arranged on the first surface 6121.

[0072] Specifically, four radiating elements are arranged along direction 1 on the first surface 6121, where direction 1 can be any direction parallel to the first surface 6121 of the metal reflector 612.

[0073] For example, direction 1 can be parallel to the length direction of the metal reflector 612, as shown in Figure 6. Direction 1 can be direction a shown in Figure 6, or direction 1 can be the opposite direction of direction a shown in Figure 6. It should be understood that this application does not limit this.

[0074] For example, direction 1 can be parallel to the width direction of the metal reflector 612.

[0075] For example, direction 1 can be parallel to the diagonal direction of the metal reflector 612.

[0076] Example 2: Any two of the four radiating elements are arranged along the aforementioned direction 1 on the first surface 6121, and the remaining two radiating elements are arranged along any direction on the first surface 6121.

[0077] Example 3: In one possible implementation, any 3 of the 4 radiating elements are arranged along the aforementioned direction 1 on the first surface 6121, and the remaining 1 radiating element is located at any position on the first surface 6121.

[0078] It should be noted that in some examples, the distance between radiating elements arranged along direction 1 can be equal; or, in some examples, the distance between radiating elements arranged along direction 1 can be unequal; or, in some examples, the distance between radiating elements arranged along direction 1 is not completely equal. Here, the distance between radiating elements can be understood as the distance between the center points of two adjacent radiating elements.

[0079] It should be understood that the above examples are merely illustrative and this application does not impose any limitations on them.

[0080] It should also be noted that the four radiating elements can be arranged randomly on the first surface 6121; for example, the four radiating elements may be located haphazardly on the first surface 6121. It should be understood that this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0081] It should also be noted that in the embodiments of this application, "set at" and "located in" can be used interchangeably, and both express roughly the same meaning.

[0082] It should also be noted that the metal reflector 612 is used to enhance the directivity of the antenna. It should be understood that the metal reflector can also be called a metal plate or a reflector, and this application does not limit it in this regard.

[0083] As can be seen from Figures 6 and 7, the metal reflector 612 is a flat plate, meaning it can be considered a flat plate with a certain thickness. It should be understood that in this embodiment, the shape of the metal reflector 612 is not limited to a flat plate structure. For example, in one possible implementation, the metal reflector 612 is a U-shaped plate, as shown in Figure 8. It should be understood that the shape of the metal reflector 612 described above is merely illustrative, and this embodiment does not impose any limitations on it.

[0084] Optionally, the antenna array 601 may further include a microstrip line circuit 614 disposed on the second surface 6122 of the metal reflector 612, and the microstrip line circuit 614 is connected to the radiating element 611. It should be noted that relevant descriptions of the microstrip line circuit 614 can be found in the prior art, and will not be detailed in this application.

[0085] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, the stripline cavity structure 613 may be composed of a single sub-cavity structure, or the stripline cavity structure may be composed of multiple sub-cavity structures. For example, as shown in FIG7, the stripline cavity structure 613 is composed of two sub-cavity structures. That is, in this case, the stripline cavity structure includes two cavity structures and two first conductor strips. For ease of description, only one sub-cavity structure 6131 (hereinafter referred to as cavity structure 6131) will be described below.

[0086] As shown in Figure 7, the cavity structure 6131 includes a first ground plate 615, a second ground plate 616, and a baffle 617. The first ground plate 615 and the second ground plate 616 are metal plates. The first end of the first ground plate 615 is perpendicularly connected to the metal reflector 612, and the first end of the second ground plate 616 is also perpendicularly connected to the metal reflector 612. One end of the baffle 617 is connected to the second end of the first ground plate 615, and the other end of the baffle 617 is connected to the second end of the second ground plate 616. It can be understood that the metal reflector 612, the first ground plate 615, the second ground plate 616, and the baffle 617 together form a cavity structure.

[0087] Alternatively, in one possible implementation, the cavity structure is a closed cavity structure, and the baffle is used to block the signal, as shown in Figure 7.

[0088] Alternatively, in one possible implementation, the cavity structure can be an open cavity structure, such as shown in Figure 8, with a hole 6171 on the baffle. For example, the hole 6171 can be a rectangular hole, and the position of the hole 6171 corresponds to the position of the first conductor strip 6132, which is beneficial to the overall assembly of the antenna array.

[0089] Referring again to Figures 6 to 8, each cavity structure includes a first conductor strip 6132. That is, the strip-shaped cavity structure 6131 shown in Figures 6 to 8 includes two first conductor strips 6132. The metal reflector 612 is provided with multiple clearance holes (not shown in the figure). The first conductor strip 6132 can pass through the clearance holes and be electrically connected to the feeding core in the radiation unit 611 to form a feeding network, so as to smoothly perform near lossless feeding.

[0090] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the stripline cavity structure 613 is connected to the metal reflector 612 via a first metal member 618, as shown in Figure 9. Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the back of an antenna array provided in this embodiment. The first metal member 618 is located between the stripline cavity structure 613 and the metal reflector 612, with one side of the first metal member 618 connected to the stripline cavity structure 613 and the other side connected to the second surface 6122 of the metal reflector 612. The first metal member is typically elongated. In this embodiment, the first metal member 618 can be considered a metal conductor that electrically connects the stripline cavity structure 613 and the metal reflector 612. For example, the first metal member 618 connects the ground of the stripline cavity structure 613 and the ground of the metal reflector 612 together.

[0091] Here, "connection" can be understood as being linked together through a medium. For example, one side of the first metal member 618 is connected to the strip-shaped cavity structure 613 through a first medium, and the other side of the first metal member 618 is connected to the second surface 6122 of the metal reflector 612 through a second medium. Optionally, in some examples, the first medium and the second medium are different; alternatively, in other examples, the first medium and the second medium are the same.

[0092] For example, in one possible implementation, both the first medium and the second medium are insulating adhesives. For instance, one side of the strip cavity structure 613 is connected to the first metal member 618 via insulating adhesive, and the second surface 6122 of the metal reflector 612 is connected to the first metal member 618 via insulating adhesive. The insulating adhesive, while connecting the first metal member 618 to the strip cavity structure 613 and the second surface 6122 of the metal reflector 612, can also facilitate the transmission of electromagnetic waves.

[0093] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, the strip cavity structure 613 and the first metal part 618, or the first metal part 618 and the metal reflector 612, can be connected by at least one of the following methods: adhesive bonding, riveting connection, or flange connection. That is to say, the first medium can be at least one of the following: adhesive, rivet, or flange. The second medium can also be at least one of the following: adhesive, rivet, or flange. The adhesive includes, but is not limited to, insulating adhesive.

[0094] In addition, in this embodiment of the application, one side of the first metal part 618 is connected to the strip-shaped cavity structure 613. This can be understood as one side of the first metal part 618 being connected to at least one cavity plate of the strip-shaped cavity structure 613. For example, it can be one of the following connection methods.

[0095] Connection method 1: One side of the first metal part 618 is connected to the first ground plane 615 of the strip-shaped cavity structure 613.

[0096] Connection method two: One side of the first metal part 618 is connected to the second ground plate 616 of the strip-shaped cavity structure 613.

[0097] Connection method three: One side of the first metal part 618 is connected to the first side plate of the strip-shaped cavity structure 613. The first side plate is, for example, the first strip-shaped side plate 501 shown in Figure 5.

[0098] Connection method four: One side of the first metal part 618 is connected to the second side plate of the strip-shaped cavity structure 613. The second side plate is, for example, the second strip-shaped side plate 502 shown in Figure 5.

[0099] It should be understood that at least one of the above connection methods one to four can coexist.

[0100] For example, there are two first metal parts 618 (first metal part #1 and first metal part #2). In one example, one side of the first metal part #1 is connected to the first ground plate, and one side of the first metal part #2 is connected to the second ground plate; or, in one example, one side of the first metal part #1 is connected to the first side plate, and one side of the first metal part #2 is connected to the first ground plate.

[0101] For example, there may be three first metal parts 618 (first metal part #1, first metal part #2, and first metal part #3). In one example, one side of the first metal part #1 is connected to the first ground plane, one side of the first metal part #2 is connected to the second ground plane, and one side of the first metal part #3 is connected to the first side plate; or, in one example, one side of the first metal part #1 is connected to the first ground plane, one side of the first metal part #2 is connected to the second ground plane, and one side of the first metal part #3 is connected to the second side plate.

[0102] For example, there can be four first metal parts 618 (first metal part #1, first metal part #2, first metal part #3, and first metal part #4). In one example, one side of the first metal part #1 is connected to the first ground plane, one side of the first metal part #2 is connected to the second ground plane, one side of the first metal part #3 is connected to the first side plate, and one side of the first metal part #4 is connected to the second side plate. Alternatively, in one example, one side of the first metal part #1 is connected to the second ground plane, one side of the first metal part #2 is connected to the first ground plane, one side of the first metal part #3 is connected to the second side plate, and one side of the first metal part #4 is connected to the first side plate.

[0103] It should be understood that the other side of the first metal member 618 shown in the above examples is connected to the second surface 6122 of the metal reflector 612. It should be noted that the above examples are merely illustrations and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0104] Optionally, in one possible implementation, the first metal component 618 described above is composed of a second metal component 6181, that is, the first metal component 618 is equivalent to a second metal component 6181, as shown in Figure 9. In this implementation, the length of the first metal component 618 along the first direction can be understood as the total length of the second metal component 6181 along the first direction.

[0105] Optionally, in one possible implementation, the first metal component 618 is composed of a plurality of second metal components 6181, that is, the first metal component 618 is equivalent to a metal component formed by arranging a plurality of second metal components 6181 sequentially, as shown in Figure 10. In this implementation, the length of the first metal component 618 along the first direction can be understood as the total length of the plurality of second metal components 6181 along the first direction.

[0106] In this embodiment of the application, the absolute value of the difference between the length of the first metal member 618 along the first direction and the cavity of the strip-shaped cavity structure 613 along the first direction is less than or equal to a threshold. Optionally, in one possible implementation, the first direction is parallel to the length direction of the metal reflector 612. For example, the first direction can be direction b in Figures 9 and 10.

[0107] For example, in one possible implementation, the length of the first metal part 618 along direction b is greater than the length of the cavity along direction b. In this case, the difference between the length of the first metal part 618 along direction b and the length of the cavity along direction b is less than or equal to a threshold.

[0108] For example, in one possible implementation, the length of the first metal member 618 along direction b is less than the length of the cavity along direction b. In this case, the difference between the length of the cavity along direction b and the length of the first metal member 618 along direction b is less than or equal to a threshold.

[0109] For example, in one possible implementation, the length of the first metal part 618 along direction b is equal to the length of the cavity along direction b, and in this case, the difference between the length of the first metal part 618 along direction b and the length of the cavity along direction b is equal to 0.

[0110] It should be understood that the above examples are merely illustrative and this application does not impose any limitations on them.

[0111] Alternatively, in one possible implementation, when one side of the first metal member 618 is connected to the first or second side plate of the strip-shaped cavity structure 613, the first direction may also be parallel to the width direction of the metal reflector 612. For a specific example of the length of the first metal member 618 along the first direction and the length of the cavity along the first direction in this implementation, please refer to the specific example of the length of the first metal member 618 along direction b and the length of the cavity along direction b mentioned above; for simplicity, it will not be detailed here.

[0112] It should be noted that the above threshold is a pre-set length value, and the value of the threshold is related to the specific product process. This application does not impose any restrictions on it.

[0113] Referring again to Figure 6, the projections of the M gaps 619 on the metal reflector 612 onto the metal reflector 612 intersect with the projection of the first metal part 618 onto the metal reflector 612, where M ≥ 1 and M is an integer. It should be noted that the M gaps on the metal reflector 612 can be understood as follows:

[0114] Scenario 1: M gaps are provided on the metal reflector 612. For example, M gaps can be provided on the metal reflector 612 by means of a process.

[0115] Scenario 2: The metal reflector 612 itself has gaps, that is, the metal reflector 612 naturally has gaps, for example, the metal reflector 612 is an integral structure with gaps.

[0116] In this embodiment, the projections of the M slits 619 onto the metal reflector 612 intersect with the projection of the first metal component 618 onto the metal reflector 612. This can be understood as the projections of the M slits 619 onto the metal reflector 612 and the projection of the first metal component 618 onto the metal reflector 612 sharing a common portion. For example, in one possible implementation, the projections of the M slits 619 onto the metal reflector 612 are perpendicular to the projection of the first metal component 618 onto the metal reflector 612, i.e., the included angle is 90°. Alternatively, in another possible implementation, the included angle between the projections of the M slits 619 onto the metal reflector 612 and the projection of the first metal component 618 onto the metal reflector 612 is α, where 0 < α < 90°.

[0117] For example, two gaps are randomly selected. As shown in Figure 11, the projection of gap #1 on the metal reflector 612 is perpendicular to the projection of the first metal part 618 on the metal reflector 612, and the angle between the projection of gap #2 on the metal reflector 612 and the projection of the first metal part 618 on the metal reflector 612 is α.

[0118] The location of the gap on the metal reflector 612 is explained below with reference to the specific attached drawings.

[0119] Optionally, in one possible implementation, a slit is provided on at least one side of the first radiating element, wherein the first radiating element is at least one of N radiating elements. The following example uses a single radiating element as the first radiating element. For instance, in antenna array 601, there are 4 radiating elements (i.e., N=4), and the first radiating element is radiating element #1.

[0120] In one possible implementation, at least one side of the radiating element #1 is provided with a slit.

[0121] For example, a slit is provided on one side of the radiating element #1. For instance, as shown in FIG12(a), a slit is provided on side A of the radiating element #1. It should be understood that the position of the slit shown in FIG12(a) is only an example, that is, the slit may also be located on side B, side C, or side D of the radiating element #1, and this application does not limit this.

[0122] For example, a slit is provided on each of the two sides of the radiating element #1. For instance, as shown in FIG12(b), a slit is provided on both sides A and C of the radiating element #1. It should be understood that the position of the slit shown in FIG12(b) is only an example, that is, the slit can also be located on sides C and D of the radiating element #1, or sides A and C of the radiating element #1, or sides B and D of the radiating element #1, and this application does not limit this.

[0123] For example, a slit is provided on three sides of the radiating element #1. For instance, as shown in Figure 12(c), a slit is provided on sides A, B, and C of the radiating element #1. It should be understood that the position of the slit shown in Figure 12(c) is merely an example; that is, the slit can also be located on sides A, C, and D of the radiating element #1, and this application does not limit this.

[0124] For example, a slit is provided on each of the four sides of the radiating element #1. For instance, as shown in Figure 12(d), a slit is provided on each of the A to D sides of the radiating element #1.

[0125] It should be noted that the location of the gap in the above example is only an example, and this application does not impose any restrictions on it.

[0126] Optionally, in one possible implementation, at least one side of the radiating element #1 is provided with multiple slots. The first radiating element is at least one of N radiating elements. In the antenna array 601, there are 4 radiating elements (i.e., N=4), taking radiating element #1 as the first radiating element as an example.

[0127] In one possible implementation, at least one side of the radiating element #1 is provided with a plurality of slits.

[0128] For example, one side of the radiating unit #1 is provided with multiple slits. For instance, as shown in FIG13(a), the A side of the radiating unit #1 is provided with multiple slits. It should be understood that the position of the slits shown in FIG13(a) is only an example. That is to say, multiple slits can also be provided on the B side of the radiating unit #1, or on the C side of the radiating unit #1, or on the D side of the radiating unit #1. This application does not limit this.

[0129] For example, multiple slits are provided on both sides of the radiating element #1. For instance, as shown in FIG13(b), multiple slits are provided on sides A and B of the radiating element #1. It should be understood that the positions of the slits shown in FIG13(b) are merely examples. That is to say, multiple slits may also be provided on sides C and D of the radiating element #1, or on sides A and C of the radiating element #1, or on sides A and D of the radiating element #1. This application does not limit this.

[0130] For example, multiple slits are provided on three sides of the radiating element #1. For instance, as shown in FIG13(c), multiple slits are provided on sides A, B, and C of the radiating element #1. It should be understood that the position of the slits shown in FIG13(c) is merely an example; that is, multiple slits may also be provided on sides A, B, and D of the radiating element #1, and this application does not limit this.

[0131] For example, multiple slits are provided on all four sides of the radiation unit #1. For instance, as shown in Figure 13(d), multiple slits are provided on sides A, B, C and D of the radiation unit #1.

[0132] It should be noted that, in the case where at least one or more slits are provided on both sides of the radiating unit #1, in one possible implementation, the number of slits on each side where slits are provided is equal.

[0133] For example, when slits are provided on both sides of the radiating element #1, the number of slits provided on both sides is equal. For example, as shown in Figure 13(b), slits are provided on sides A and B of the radiating element #1, and the number of slits provided on sides A and B is equal, as shown in the figure, the number of slits is 2.

[0134] For example, when slits are provided on three sides of the radiating element #1, the number of slits on each side is equal. For instance, as shown in Figure 13(c), slits are provided on sides A, B, and C of the radiating element #1, and the number of slits on sides A, B, and C is equal, as shown in the figure, the number of slits is 2.

[0135] For example, when slits are provided on all four sides of the radiating element #1, the number of slits on all four sides is equal. For example, as shown in Figure 13(d), slits are provided on sides A, B, C and D of the radiating element #1, and the number of slits on sides A, B, C and D is equal, as shown in the figure, the number of slits is 2.

[0136] Alternatively, in one possible implementation, the number of gaps on each side of the gap is not equal, or it can be considered that in this implementation, the number of gaps on each side of the gap is not entirely equal.

[0137] For example, when gaps are provided on both sides of the radiation unit #1, the number of gaps provided on both sides is not equal.

[0138] For example, when gaps are provided on the opposite side of radiating element #1, the number of gaps on the opposite side is not equal. For example, gaps are provided on side A and side C, and the number of gaps is not equal. As shown in Figure 14(a), the number of gaps on side A is 2, and the number of gaps on side C is 3.

[0139] For example, when gaps are provided on the adjacent sides of radiating element #1, the number of gaps on the adjacent sides is not equal. For example, gaps are provided on side A and side B, and the number of gaps is not equal. As shown in Figure 14(b), the number of gaps on side A is 3 and the number of gaps on side B is 2.

[0140] For example, when slits are provided on three sides of the radiating unit #1, the number of slits provided on the three sides is not equal.

[0141] For example, when slits are provided on three sides of the radiating element #1, the number of slits on each side is not equal. As shown in Figure 14(c), the number of slits on side A is 2, the number of slits on side B is 3, and the number of slits on side C is 4.

[0142] For example, when gaps are provided on three sides of the radiation unit #1, the number of gaps provided on each side is not all equal.

[0143] Specifically, the number of slots on opposite sides of radiating element #1 is equal, while the number of slots on the other side is unequal to the number on both sides. For example, slots are provided on sides A, B, and C, with the same number of slots on sides A and C, but a different number of slots on side B compared to sides A and C. As shown in Figure 14(d), there are 2 slots on sides A and C, and 3 slots on side B.

[0144] Specifically, the number of slots on adjacent sides of radiating element #1 is equal, while the number of slots on the other side is unequal to the number on the other two sides. For example, slots are provided on sides A, B, and C, with the same number of slots on sides A and B, but a different number of slots on side C compared to sides A and B. As shown in Figure 14(e), there are 2 slots on sides A and B, and 3 slots on side C.

[0145] For example, when slits are provided on the four sides of the radiating unit #1, the number of slits provided on the four sides is not equal.

[0146] For example, when slits are provided on the four sides of the radiating element #1, the number of slits on each side is not equal. For example, the number of slits on side A, side B, side C, and side D is not equal. As shown in Figure 15(a), the number of slits on side A is 3, the number of slits on side B is 2, the number on side C is 4, and the number on side D is 1.

[0147] For example, when gaps are provided on all four sides of the radiation unit #1, the number of gaps provided on each side is not all equal.

[0148] Specifically, the number of slots on one opposite side of radiation unit #1 is equal, while the number of slots on the other opposite side is unequal. For example, the number of slots on side A and side C is equal, while the number of slots on side B and side D is unequal.

[0149] Specifically, the number of slots on the first pair of opposite sides of radiating element #1 is equal, and the number of slots on the second pair of opposite sides of radiating element #1 is equal, but the number of slots on the first pair of opposite sides is not equal to the number of slots on the second pair of opposite sides. For example, as shown in Figure 15(b), sides A and C are the first pair of opposite sides, and sides B and D are the second pair of opposite sides. The number of slots on sides A and C is equal, for example, 3 slots each, while the number of slots on sides B and D is equal, for example, 2 slots each.

[0150] Specifically, the number of gaps on the first group of adjacent sides of radiating element #1 is equal, and the number of gaps on the second group of adjacent sides of radiating element #1 is equal, but the number of gaps on the first group of adjacent sides is not equal to the number of gaps on the second group of adjacent sides. For example, as shown in Figure 15(c), sides A and B are the first group of adjacent sides, and sides C and D are the second group of adjacent sides. The number of gaps on sides A and B is equal, for example, 3 gaps each, while the number of gaps on sides C and D is equal, for example, 2 gaps each.

[0151] It should be noted that the above examples are for illustrative purposes only, and this application does not impose any limitations on them.

[0152] It should also be noted that when the first radiating element is multiple radiating elements, the gap arrangement of each radiating element can refer to the gap arrangement shown in radiating element #1 above. Furthermore, the angle between the projection of the gap on each side of the radiating element onto the metal reflector 612 and the projection of the first metal member 618 onto the metal reflector 612 can be equal or unequal. This application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0153] Optionally, in one possible implementation, the second radiating unit is a radiating unit adjacent to the first radiating unit. When a gap is provided between the first radiating unit and the second radiating unit, taking the number of gaps between the first radiating unit and the second radiating unit as 1 as an example, the positions of the gaps can be set in the following ways.

[0154] For example, in one possible implementation, the gap is located between the first radiating element and the second radiating element.

[0155] For example, taking the first radiating unit as radiating unit #1 and the second radiating unit as radiating unit #2 as an example, as shown in Figure 16(a), the gap 1 is located in the middle of radiating unit #1 and radiating unit #2.

[0156] For example, in one possible implementation, the distance between the slit and the first radiating element is less than the distance between the slit and the second radiating element.

[0157] For example, taking the first radiating unit as radiating unit #1 and the second radiating unit as radiating unit #2 as an example, as shown in Figure 16(b), the gap 1 can be located at the position shown in Figure 16(b).

[0158] For example, in one possible implementation, the distance between the slit and the first radiating element is greater than the distance between the slit and the second radiating element.

[0159] For example, taking the first radiating unit as radiating unit #1 and the second radiating unit as radiating unit #2 as an example, as shown in Figure 16(c), the gap 1 can be located at the position shown in Figure 16(c).

[0160] It should be understood that the example shown in Figure 16 only illustrates the position setting when there is only one gap 1. When there are multiple gaps between the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit, the position setting of the multiple gaps can also refer to the above example, which will not be described in detail in this application.

[0161] Optionally, in one possible implementation, none of the M slots on the metal reflector 612 pass through the array axis of the antenna array 601. In this application, the array axis of the antenna array 601 refers to the center line located in the entire antenna array 601, which is equidistant from the left and right sides of the antenna array 601. In other words, the array axis is located at the center of the entire antenna array 601.

[0162] For example, as shown in Figure 17(a). Assume M=3, that is, there are a total of 3 slots on the metal reflector 612, and none of these 3 slots pass through the array axis of the antenna array 601. For example, slots 1 to 3 do not pass through the array axis of the antenna array 601.

[0163] Alternatively, in one possible implementation, at least one of the M slots provided on the metal reflector 612 passes through the array axis of the antenna array 601.

[0164] For example, assuming M=3, that is, there are a total of 3 slits on the metal reflector 612.

[0165] In some examples, as shown in Figure 17(b), there is one slot that passes through the array axis of antenna array 601. For example, slot 1 passes through the array axis of antenna array 601, while slots 2 and 3 do not.

[0166] In some examples, as shown in Figure 17(c), there are two slots that pass through the array axis of antenna array 601. For example, slot 1 and slot 3 pass through the array axis of antenna array 601, while slot 2 does not pass through the array axis of antenna array 601.

[0167] In some examples, as shown in Figure 17(d), there are three slots that pass through the array axis of antenna array 601. For example, slots 1 to 3 all pass through the array axis of antenna array 601.

[0168] It should be noted that the shape of the gap mentioned above includes at least one regular shape, which includes at least one of the following: rectangle, triangle, circle, ellipse, semicircle, and sector; and / or at least one irregular shape. The irregular shape can be seen in the example in Figure 18. It should be understood that the above examples are merely illustrative and this application does not impose any limitations.

[0169] For example, in the embodiments of this application, the shapes of the gaps can be the same. For instance, all M gaps on the metal reflector 612 have the same shape, such as being rectangular. Alternatively, the shapes of the gaps can be different. For instance, all M gaps on the metal reflector 612 have different shapes, such as M=3, meaning there are 3 gaps on the metal reflector 612, and the 3 gaps have different shapes. Or, the shapes of the gaps can not all be the same. For instance, M=3, meaning there are 3 gaps on the metal reflector 612, one of which is an irregular shape, and the other two are rectangular. It should be understood that the above are merely illustrative examples, and this application does not impose any limitations on them.

[0170] It should also be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, the length of the gap ranges from [0.2λ, 1λ], where λ is the operating frequency band of the radiating element. For example, in one possible implementation, the length of the gap ranges from [0.3λ, 0.7λ]; and in another possible implementation, the length of the gap ranges from [0.4λ, 0.6λ]. It should be understood that the above examples are merely illustrative and this application does not impose any limitations on them.

[0171] The length of the gap is defined below based on the specific shape of the gap.

[0172] For example, when the gap is rectangular, the length of the gap can be the length of the rectangle.

[0173] For example, when the gap is triangular, the length of the gap can be the line connecting the midpoint of the base of the triangle and the top of the opposite corner.

[0174] For example, when the gap is circular, the length of the gap can be the diameter.

[0175] For example, when the gap is elliptical, the length of the gap can be the longest straight line in the ellipse.

[0176] For example, in the case where the gap is semi-circular, the length of the gap can be the diameter.

[0177] For example, in the case where the gap is fan-shaped, the length of the gap can be the diameter of a circle.

[0178] For example, in the case of a gap as shown in Figure 18 (Figure 18), the length of the gap can be the position shown by the dashed line in the figure.

[0179] For example, in the case of a gap as shown in Figure 2 of Figure 18, the length of the gap can be the position shown by the dashed line in the figure.

[0180] For example, in the case of the gap being shape 3 shown in Figure 18, the length of the gap can be the position shown by the dashed line in the figure.

[0181] For example, in the case of a gap as shown in Figure 4 of Figure 18, the length of the gap can be the position shown by the dashed line in the figure.

[0182] It should be understood that the above are merely examples and this application does not impose any limitations.

[0183] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the stripline cavity structure 613 further includes a sliding medium 620. This sliding medium 620 covers the area around the first conductor strip 6132 and is slidable on the first conductor strip 6132. The sliding direction of the sliding medium is shown in Figure 19. The stripline cavity structure 613 requires the sliding medium 620 to realize the function of a phase shifter. In Figure 19, phase change is achieved by moving the sliding medium on both sides that hold the first conductor strip 6132. The position covered by the sliding medium is the matching segment. For the phase shifter, there are multiple operating states. For example, the range of medium movement is from 0mm to 90mm. Assuming a step size of 15mm, the phase shifter has 7 operating states. For each operating state, its impedance characteristics are different. Good matching characteristics are obtained by fine-tuning the length and position of the square hole 621 on the sliding medium 620, thereby adjusting the radiation pattern characteristics of the base station antenna.

[0184] It should be noted that the examples above all use the example of a strip-shaped cavity structure 613 having two sub-cavity structures. In practical applications, the number of sub-cavity structures of a strip-shaped cavity structure can be greater than two, but the sub-cavity structures of a strip-shaped cavity structure need to appear in pairs.

[0185] Furthermore, this application embodiment also provides a base station antenna, as shown in Figure 2 above. The base station antenna includes one or more antenna arrays. The specific structure of each antenna array is the same as the structure of the antenna array 601 described above, and this application will not elaborate on it.

[0186] Furthermore, this application embodiment also provides a base station, as shown in FIG20, which is a schematic diagram of the base station structure. This base station provides wireless access from user equipment to the network, including one or more processors 2010, one or more memories 2020, one or more network interfaces 2030, and one or more transceivers. Each transceiver 2040 includes a receiver (Rx) and a transmitter (Tx), connected via a bus. One or more transceivers 2040 are connected to the base station antenna 2050 in the above embodiment. The one or more processors 2010 include computer program code. The network interface 2030 is connected to the core network via a link (e.g., a link to the core network), or connected to other base stations via wired or wireless links.

[0187] According to the technical solution provided in the embodiments of this application, resonance caused by unstable electrical connection between cavity and reflector can be eliminated, thereby improving the stability of antenna performance.

[0188] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0189] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0190] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0191] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0192] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0193] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0194] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna array, characterized in that, include: The structure consists of N radiating elements, a metal reflector, and a strip-shaped cavity structure, where N ≥ 1 and N is an integer. The N radiating elements are located on the first surface of the metal reflector, and the strip-shaped cavity structure is located on the second surface of the metal reflector. The strip-shaped cavity structure is connected to the metal reflector via a first metal component, and the first and second surfaces are opposite to each other. The projections of the M slits on the metal reflector onto the metal reflector intersect with the projection of the first metal component onto the metal reflector, where M ≥ 1 and M is an integer.

2. The antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The strip-shaped cavity structure is connected to the metal reflector via a first metal component, including: One side of the first metal part is connected to at least one cavity plate in the strip-shaped cavity structure, and the other side of the first metal part is connected to the metal reflector.

3. The antenna array according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The strip-shaped cavity structure is connected to the first metal component, or the first metal component is connected to the metal reflector, in at least one of the following ways: Adhesive bonding, riveting, and flange connections.

4. The antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The absolute value of the difference between the length of the first metal component along the first direction and the length of the cavity of the strip-shaped cavity structure along the first direction is less than or equal to a threshold. Wherein, the first direction is parallel to the length direction of the metal reflector.

5. The antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The first metal component is composed of one or more second metal components.

6. The antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, At least one side of the first radiating element has one of the aforementioned slits; or, At least one side of the first radiating unit is provided with a plurality of the aforementioned slits; The first radiating element is at least one of the N radiating elements.

7. The antenna array according to claim 6, characterized in that, When multiple slits are provided on at least one side of the first radiating element, The number of gaps on each side of the structure is equal, or the number of gaps on each side of the structure is unequal.

8. The antenna array according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The second radiating element is a radiating element adjacent to the first radiating element, provided that a gap is provided between the first radiating element and the second radiating element. The gap is located at the midpoint between the first radiating element and the second radiating element; or, The distance between the gap and the first radiating element is less than the distance between the gap and the second radiating element; or, The distance between the slit and the first radiating element is greater than the distance between the slit and the second radiating element.

9. The antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The M gaps do not pass through the array axis of the antenna array.

10. The antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, At least one of the M slots passes through the array axis of the antenna array, and the slot that passes through the array axis intersects the array axis.

11. The antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The shape of the gap includes at least one regular shape, which includes at least one of the following: rectangle, triangle, circle, ellipse, semicircle, sector; and / or, At least one of the irregular shapes.

12. The antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The length of the slit is in the range of [0.2λ, 1λ], where λ is the operating frequency band of the radiating element.

13. The antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The strip-shaped cavity structure further includes a sliding medium located on one side of the first conductor strip of the strip-shaped cavity structure and slidable on the first conductor strip.

14. A base station antenna, characterized in that, It includes one or more antenna arrays as described in any one of claims 1 to 13.

15. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes the base station antenna as described in claim 14.

16. The communication device according to claim 15, characterized in that, The communication device further includes a baseband processing unit, which is connected to the antenna.

17. The communication device according to claim 15, characterized in that, The antenna further includes a feed network, and the baseband processing unit is connected to the feed network; or... The antenna also includes a radio frequency processing unit and a feed network, and the baseband processing unit is connected to the feed network through the radio frequency processing unit.

18. A communication system, characterized in that, It includes core network equipment and communication equipment as described in any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the communication equipment is communicatively connected to the core network equipment.

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