Conjugates and uses thereof
Multivalent GalNAc conjugates enhance the binding affinity with ASGPR, addressing the delivery challenges of oligonucleotide therapies to liver cells, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy and specificity.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- QILU PHARMA CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-18
AI Technical Summary
Existing oligonucleotide therapies face challenges in penetrating cell membranes and achieving targeted delivery to liver cells due to their high molecular weight and polyanionic nature, limiting their therapeutic efficacy and specificity.
Development of multivalent GalNAc conjugates with asymmetric splitters or multiply-mono-GalNAc conjugates to enhance binding affinity with the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) on hepatocytes, facilitating targeted delivery of nucleic acid molecules to liver cells.
The conjugates significantly increase on-target effects and decrease off-target effects, improving the uptake and efficacy of oligonucleotide therapies in liver cells.
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Figure PCTCN2025141957-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025141957-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025141957-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
CONJUGATES AND USES THEREOFTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure developed a series of novel scaffolds including or consist of multivalent GalNAc conjugates with asymmetric splitter or multiply-mono-GalNAc conjugates to preparing conjugates of nucleic acid molecules with such N-Acetylgalactosamine containing molecules. Methods for preparing these molecules and uses thereof are provided, particularly in medicine.BACKGROUND
[0002] The liver is a critical metabolic organ in the human body and is essential in helping support metabolism, immunity, digestion, detoxification, and vitamin storage. It is attractive to develop a liver-targeting delivery system for the treatment of metabolic, cardiovascular, and other liver diseases.
[0003] The asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) is an endocytosed receptor protein expressed at a high level on hepatocytes and a low level on extra-hepatic cells. Generally, it is highly expressed (order of 105-106per cell) on the surface of hepatocytes that the trimeric asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGPRs) . D-galactose (Gal) or N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) , a key component of glycoproteins and glycolipids, could be specifically recognized and bound to ASGPR in a calcium-dependent manner. GalNAc could selectively bind to ASGPRs at neutral pH for endocytosis of circulating macromolecules from the circulatory system and be released for cargo drop-off in the early endosome at acidic pH. When GalNAc is released, ASGPRs are freed and recycled back to the cell surface for another circulation. The recycling time of an ASGPR receptor is shown approximately 10-15 minutes in human cells (Mol Ther., 2018, 26: 105-114) .
[0004] Oligonucleotide therapy is a novel and fast-developing therapeutic field. It is regarded as an alternative solution to many of the issues encountered with small-molecule drugs or antibody drugs by directly manipulating the genetic transcription and translation pathways. There are roughly 20, 000 proteins estimated in the human proteome and 85%of the human proteome is considered undruggable (Protein Sci., 30: 745-760) . The advantage of oligonucleotides is attributed to their potency and versatility. Oligonucleotides could suppress genes encoding proteins that are ‘undruggable’ by classical small molecule drugs, which makes them attractive as drug candidates. The use of oligonucleotides as therapeutic agents was first proposed in the late 1970s. However, limited to their high molecular weight and polyanionic nature, oligonucleotides fail to penetrate the cell membrane to enter the cytoplasm to induce robust therapeutic effects via passive transport. In addition, limited to delivery, stability, and specificity issues their medical use was not widely accepted at that moment.
[0005] GalNAc conjugation is a breakthrough approach in the development of delivering oligonucleotide-based therapeutic agents to liver cells. Introduction of GalNAc to oligonucleotide significantly increases the on-target effect and decreases the off-target effect, which makes it specifically attractive for receptor-mediated drug delivery with minimum concerns of toxicity. FDA and EMA have approved Givosiran, which is the first trivalent GalNAc cluster conjugated oligonucleotide-based therapeutic agent developed by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, for the treatment of acute hepatic porphyria (Molecular Therapy, 2020, 28: 1759-1771) . Among nineteen FDA-approved nucleic acid therapeutics, there are six oligonucleotide-based drugs containing multivalent GalNAc cluster scaffolds as a delivery system (Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 2024, 14: 3802-3817) . The success of liver-targeting oligonucleotide (such as siRNA) therapy in clinical trials demonstrated that GalNAc, a ligand for ASGPR, could assist the delivery of oligonucleotide drugs into hepatocytes. The structure of multivalent GalNAc clusters leaves a significant effect on the hepatic cell uptake and efficacy of nucleic acid therapeutics through binding affinity to ASGPR. Thus, it is of great interest to develop a new scaffold to improve targeting efficiency by enhancing the binding affinity between GalNAc and ASGPR in liver cells. GalNAc-modified oligonucleotides can bind to liver cells, enhancing the uptake and efficacy of RNA therapies.SUMMARY
[0006] According to one aspect of the disclosure, provided herein is a conjugate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the conjugate has a structure shown in formula (I) :
[0007] (A-E) n-G-J (I) ,
[0008] n is 1 or 3,
[0009] (i) when n is 1,
[0010] A is the following structure:
[0011] E is -Q3-T3-Y3-,
[0012] G is G1, and G1 is the following structure:
[0013] wherein, the nitrogen atom is connected to E, and the oxygen atom and X2 are connected to J,
[0014] X1 is selected from -OR1, -NHR1, -N (R1) 2, -SR1, or -SSR1,
[0015] X2 is selected from -O-, -NR1-, -S-, or -SS-,
[0016] provided that when G is formula (III-3) , A is formula (II-2) ,
[0017] (ii) when n is 3,
[0018] A-E is M4-Q4-T4-Y4-,
[0019] G is G2, and G2 is the following structure:
[0020] wherein, the nitrogen atom is connected to E, and the oxygen atom is connected to J,
[0021] M1 M2 and M4, are independently selected from mono-or multivalent GalNAc residues or their analogs,
[0022] Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Y1, and Y2 are independently selected from absent, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -NR2-, -O-CO-, -NR2-CO-, -CO-O- or -CO-NR2-,
[0023] Y3 and Y4 is independently selected from absent, -CO-, and -S (O) 2-,
[0024] T1, T2, T3 and T4 are independently selected from straight or branched C1-30 alkylene, wherein, one or more of -CH2- in the alkylene is optionally replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -NR3-, -O-CO-, -NR3-CO-, -CO-O- or -CO-NR3-,
[0025] R1, R2 and R3 are independently selected from H, C1-10 alkyl, C1-10 haloalkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C3-10 halocycloalkyl, C2-10 alkenyl, C2-10 haloalkenyl, C2-10 alkynyl, or C2-10 haloalkynyl,
[0026] J is -P (X) (XH) -nucleic acid, wherein the nucleic acid includes oligonucleotide and polynucleotide,
[0027] X is independently O or S.
[0028] In some embodiments, the conjugate has a structure shown in below formula:
[0029] wherein, M1, M2, M4, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, T1, T2, T3, T4, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, J, and X are defined as above.
[0030] In some embodiments, M1, M2, and M4 have a structure shown in the below formula:
[0031] wherein, R4 is independently selected from H, or hydroxy protecting group (e.g., acetyl) , and R5 is independently selected from H, or amine protecting group, (e.g., acetyl) .
[0032] In some embodiments, Q1, Q2, and Q4 are independently selected from -O-, -S-, or -NH-, and preferably are O; Q3 is -NH-CO-, -CO-NH-, -O-CO-, or -CO-O-, and preferably is -NH-CO-.
[0033] In some embodiments, T1, T2, T3, and T4 are independently selected from:
[0034] wherein, m, q, r, and s are independently an integer from 0 to 10, eg., 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and preferably,
[0035] T1 and T2 are
[0036] T3 is
[0037] T4 is
[0038] m,q, r, and s are 0, 1, or 2.
[0039] In some embodiments, Y1 and Y2 are independently selected from -O-, -S-, or -NH-, and preferably are O, Y3 and Y4 is -CO-.
[0040] In some embodiments, said conjugate has a structure shown in below formula:
[0041] wherein, R4 is independently selected from H, hydroxy protecting group (e.g., acetyl) ,
[0042] R5 is independently selected from H, amine protecting group, (e.g., acetyl) ,
[0043] X is independently O or S,
[0044] Nu is a nucleic acid, and it includes oligonucleotide and polynucleotide,
[0045] m, q, r, and s are independently an integer from 0 to 10, eg., 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and preferably are 0, 1, or 2.
[0046] In some embodiments, said conjugate has a structure shown in below formula:
[0047] wherein, Nu is a nucleic acid, and it includes oligonucleotide and polynucleotide.
[0048] In one aspect of the invention, provided herein is a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is as shown in formula (I’ ) :
[0049] (A’ -E) n-G’ -L (I’ ) ,
[0050] n is 1 or 3,
[0051] (i) when n is 1,
[0052] A’is the following structure:
[0053] E is -Q3-T3-Y3-,
[0054] G’is the following structure:
[0055] wherein, the nitrogen atom is connected to E, and the oxygen atom and X2 is connected to L;
[0056] R6 and R7 are selected from H or
[0057] X2 and X3 are selected from -O-, -NR1-, -S-, and-SS-;
[0058] L is L1, and L1 is selected from H, hydroxyl protecting group, amine protecting group, or thiol protecting group;
[0059] provided that when G’ is formula (III’ -3) , A’ is formula (II’ -2) ,
[0060] (ii) when n is 3,
[0061] A’-E is M4’ -Q4-T4-Y4-,
[0062] G’is the following structure:
[0063] wherein, the nitrogen atom is connected to E, and the oxygen atom is connected to L;
[0064] R8 is a cyano-substituted C1-6 alkyl, and preferably is cyanoethyl (CN- (CH2) 2-) ;
[0065] R9 and R10 are each independently C1-6 alkyl group, and preferably are isopropyl;
[0066] L is L2, and L2 is selected from H, hydroxyl protecting group,
[0067] M1’ M2’ and M4’ , are independently selected from mono- or multivalent GalNAc residues, lipid-type ligands, integrin-binding ligands, transferrin-binding ligands, antibodies, or antibody fragments such as (Fc) fragment or (Fab) fragment;
[0068] Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Y1, and Y2 are independently selected from absent, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -NR2-, -O-CO-, -NR2-CO-, -CO-O- or -CO-NR2-,
[0069] Y3 and Y4 is independently selected from absent, -CO-, and-S (O) 2-,
[0070] T1, T2, T3 and T4 are independently selected from straight or branched C1-30 alkylene, wherein, one or more of -CH2- in the alkylene is optionally replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -NR3-, -O-CO-, -NR3-CO-, -CO-O- or -CO-NR3-,
[0071] R1, R2, and R3 are independently selected from H, C1-10 alkyl, C1-10 haloalkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C3-10 halocycloalkyl, C2-10 alkenyl, C2-10 haloalkenyl, C2-10 alkynyl, or C2-10 haloalkynyl.
[0072] In some embodiments, said compound has a structure shown in below formula:
[0073] wherein, M1’ , M2’ , M4’ , Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, T1, T2, T3, T4, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, R6, R7, R8, R9, and R10 are defined as above, L1 and L2 are selected from H, or hydroxyl protecting group.
[0074] In some embodiments, M1’ , M2’ , and M4’ have a structure shown in the below formula:
[0075] wherein, R4’ is independently selected from H, or hydroxy protecting group (e.g., acetyl) , and R5’ is independently selected from H, or amine protecting group, (e.g., acetyl) .
[0076] In some embodiments, Q1, Q2, and Q4, are independently selected from -O-, -S-, or -NH-, and preferably are O; Q3 is -NH-CO-, -CO-NH-, -O-CO-, or -CO-O-; preferably are-NH-CO-.
[0077] In some embodiments, T1, T2, T3, and T4 are independently selected from:
[0078] wherein, m, q, r, and s are independently an integer from 0 to 10, eg., 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and preferably,
[0079] T1, and T2 are
[0080] T3 is
[0081] T4 is
[0082] m,q, r, and s are 0, 1, or 2.
[0083] In some embodiments, Y1 and Y2 are independently selected from -O-, -S-, or -NH-, and preferably are O; Y3 and Y4 is -CO-.
[0084] In some embodiments, said compound has a structure shown in below formula:
[0085] wherein, R4'is independently selected from H, hydroxy protecting group (e.g., acetyl) ,
[0086] R5'is independently selected from H, amine protecting group, (e.g., acetyl) ,
[0087] R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, L1, L2 are as defined above,
[0088] m,q, r, and s are independently an integer from 0 to 10, eg., 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and preferably are 0, 1, or 2.
[0089] In some embodiments, said compound has a structure shown in below formula:
[0090] In one aspect of the invention, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a conjugate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described above, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0091] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is administered through subcutaneous or intravenous.
[0092] In one aspect of the invention, provided herein is a method to deliver a nucleic acid (eg., polynucleotide or oligonucleotide to the liver of an animal comprising administering a conjugate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described above, or a pharmaceutical composition as described above, to the animal.
[0093] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is selected from siRNA, ASO, miRNA and saRNA; preferably, the nucleic acid is siRNA.
[0094] In one aspect of the invention, provided herein is a method of inhibiting the expression of a target gene in a liver cell, the method comprising contacting the cell with a conjugate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described above or a pharmaceutical composition as described above.
[0095] In some embodiments, the target gene is selected from PCSK9, APOC3, ANGPTL3, TTR, LPA, AGT, HSD17β13, PNPLA3, KHK, INHBE, C3, C5, CFB, AAT, HBV gene, FX, FXI, FXII, TMPRSS6, ALAS1, HAO1, PLG, PRODH2, DPP4, XDH, GPAM, MTARC1, CPB2, etc.
[0096] In one aspect of the invention, provided herein is a method for preventing and / or treating disease, comprising administering a conjugate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described above, or a pharmaceutical composition as described above.
[0097] In some embodiments, the disease is selected from liver disease (e.g., fatty liver, steatohepatitis) , dyslipidemia (e.g., hyperlipidemia, high LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, postprandial hypertriglyceridemia) , disorders of glycemic control (e.g., insulin resistance, diabetes) , cardiovascular disease (e.g., hypertension, endothelial cell dysfunction) , kidney disease (e.g., acute kidney disorder, tubular dysfunction, proinflammatory changes to the proximal tubules) , metabolic syndrome, adipocyte dysfunction, visceral adipose deposition, obesity, hyperuricemia, gout, eating disorders, and excessive sugar craving.
[0098] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0099] Figure 1 shows Day 14 mTTR mRNA expression by qPCR of GalNAc conjugates QLR7B (QLAD-1324) and the control (L96, QLAD-0364) .
[0100] Figure 2 shows Day 42 mTTR protein expression by ELISA ofGalNAc conjugates QLR7B (QLAD-1324) and the control (L96, QLAD-0364) .
[0101] Figure 3 shows Day 14 mTTR mRNA expression by qPCR ofGalNAc conjugates QLR15 (QLAD-2508) , QLR17 (QLAD-2509) and the control (L96, QLAD-0364) .
[0102] Figure 4 shows Day 42 mTTR mRNA expression by qPCR ofGalNAc conjugates QLR15 (QLAD-2508) , QLR17 (QLAD-2509) and the control (L96, QLAD-0364) .
[0103] Figure 5 shows Day 14 mTTR protein expression by ELISA of GalNAc conjugates QLR15 (QLAD-2508) , QLR17 (QLAD-2509) and the control (L96, QLAD-0364) .
[0104] Figure 6 shows Day 42 mTTR protein expression by ELISA of GalNAc conjugates QLR15 (QLAD-2508) , QLR17 (QLAD-2509) and the control (L96, QLAD-0364) .
[0105] Figure 7 shows Day 7 mTTR mRNA expression by qPCR of GalNAc conjugates QLR-8 (QLAD-1325) , QLR-12 (QLAD-1326) and the control (L96, QLAD-0364) .
[0106] Figure 8 shows Day 7 mC3 protein expression by ELISA of GalNAc conjugates QLR7A-1 (QLAD-1309) , QLR-7B (QLAD-1310) , QLR-8 (QLAD-1311) , QLR-12 (QLAD-1312) and the control (L96, QLAD-1074) .
[0107] Figure 9 shows Day 14 mANGPTL3 mRNA expression by qPCR of GalNAc conjugates QLR-7B (QLAD2404) , QLR15 (QLAD-2413) and the control (L96, QLAD-2385) .
[0108] Figure 10 shows Day 14 mANGPTL3 protein expression by ELISA of GalNAc conjugates QLR-7B (QLAD2404) , QLR15 (QLAD-2413) and the control (L96, QLAD-2385) .DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0109] Terms
[0110] All publications, patents and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent or patent application is specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
[0111] Before the present disclosure is described in detail below, it is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the specific methodologies, embodiments and agents described herein, as these may vary. It is also to be understood that the terms used herein are merely for description of specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all the technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure pertains.
[0112] Certain embodiments disclosed herein include numerical ranges, and certain aspects of the present disclosure may be described in terms of ranges. Unless stated otherwise, it should be understood that numerical ranges or descriptions in terms of ranges are merely for the purposes of conciseness and convenience and should not be considered to strictly limit the scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, descriptions in terms of ranges should be considered to specifically disclose all possible subranges and all possible specific numerical points within such ranges, as if such subranges and numerical points are expressly written herein. For example, description of a range from 0 to 10 should be considered to specifically disclose subranges from 0 to 2, 0 to 3, 0 to 4, 0 to 5, 0 to 6, 0 to 7, 0 to 8, 0 to 9, 1 to 3, 1 to 4, 2 to 4, 2 to 5, 3 to 6, 3 to 7, etc., as well as specific numerical points within such ranges, such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. The above principles apply equally regardless of whether the numerical range stated is broad or narrow. When described in terms of a range, the range includes the endpoints of the range.
[0113] When referring to measurable values such as amounts and temporary durations, the term “about” is meant to include a variation of±20%, or in some cases±10%, or in some cases±5%, or in some cases±1%, or in some cases±0.1%, of the specified value.
[0114] The term “Nucleotides” or “Nucleotide” contain a sugar deoxyribose (DNA) or ribose (RNA) , a base, and a phosphate group. Nucleotides are linked together through the phosphate groups. “Bases” include purines and pyrimidines, which further include natural compounds adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil, inosine, and natural analogs, and synthetic derivatives of purines and pyrimidines, which include, but are not limited to, modifications which place new reactive groups such as, but not limited to, amines, alcohols, thiols, carboxylates, and alkylhalides.
[0115] The term “nucleic acids” or “nucleic acid” include nucleic acids containing known nucleotide analogs or modified backbone residues or linkages, which are synthetic, naturally occurring, and non-naturally occurring, and which have similar binding properties as the reference nucleic acid. Examples of such analogs and / or modified residues include, without limitation, phosphorothioates, phosphoramidates, methyl phosphonates, chiral-methyl phosphonates, 2'-O-methyl ribonucleotides, and peptide-nucleic acids (PNAs) . Additionally, nucleic acids can include one or more UNA moieties.
[0116] The term “nucleic acids” or “nucleic acid” includes any oligonucleotide or polynucleotide, with fragments containing up to 60 nucleotides generally termed oligonucleotides, and longer fragments termed polynucleotides. A deoxyribooligonucleotide consists of a 5-carbon sugar called deoxyribose joined covalently to phosphate at the 5'a nd 3'carbons of this sugar to form an alternating, unbranched polymer. DNA may be in the form of, e.g., antisense molecules, plasmid DNA, pre-condensed DNA, a PCR product, vectors, expression cassettes, chimeric sequences, chromosomal DNA, or derivatives and combinations of these groups. Aribooligonucleotide consists of a similar repeating structure where the 5-carbon sugar is ribose. RNA may be in the form, for example, of small interfering RNA (siRNA) , Dicer-substrate dsRNA, small hairpin RNA (shRNA) , asymmetrical interfering RNA (aiRNA) , microRNA (miRNA) , mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, tRNA, viral RNA(vRNA) , and combinations thereof.
[0117] Accordingly, in the context of this invention, the terms “polynucleotide” and “oligonucleotide” refer to a polymer or oligomer of nucleotide or nucleoside monomers consisting of naturally- occurring bases, sugars and intersugar (backbone) linkages. The terms “polynucleotide” and “oligonucleotide” also include polymers or oligomers comprising non-naturally occurring monomers, or portions thereof, which function similarly. Such modified or substituted oligonucleotides are often preferred over native forms because of properties such as,for example, enhanced cellular uptake, reduced immunogenicity, and increased stability in the presence of nucleases.
[0118] Unless otherwise indicated, a particular nucleic acid sequence also implicitly encompasses conservatively modified variants thereof (e.g., degenerate codon substitutions) , alleles, orthologs, SNPs, and complementary sequences as well as the sequence explicitly indicated.
[0119] The term “gene” refers to a nucleic acid (e.g., DNA or RNA) sequence that comprises partial length or entire length coding sequences necessary for the production of a polypeptide or precursor polypeptide.
[0120] As used interchangeably herein, the terms “iRNA” , “RNAi agent” , “iRNA agent” , and “RNA interference agent” refer to an agent containing RNA as the term is defined herein, which mediates targeted cleavage of RNA transcripts through the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) pathway. iRNA directs the sequence-specific degradation of mRNA through a process called RNA interference (RNAi) . For example, “iRNA” used in the compositions, uses, and methods of the present disclosure may be double-stranded RNA, and is referred to herein as “double-stranded RNA agent” , “double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecule” , “dsRNA agent” or “dsRNA” . The term “dsRNA” refers to a complex of ribonucleic acid molecules having a duplex structure containing two antiparallel and substantially complementary nucleic acid strands, which have a “sense” orientation and an “antisense” orientation relative to the target RNA.
[0121] The terms “silencing” , “reducing” , “inhibiting” , “suppressing” , “down-regulating” , “knockdown” and other similar terms are used interchangeably and include any level of inhibition.
[0122] Generally, “G” , “C” , “A” , “T” and “U” each respectively represent nucleotides containing guanine, cytosine, adenine, thymine and uracil as bases. However, it should be understood that the term “ribonucleotide” or “nucleotide” may also refer to modified nucleotides. It is well known to those skilled in the art that guanine, cytosine, adenine and uracil can be replaced by other moieties without substantially altering the base pairing properties of the oligonucleotides containing the nucleotides bearing such replaced moieties. For example, without limitation, a nucleotide containing inosine as its base may base-pair with a nucleotide containing adenine, cytosine, or guanine. Therefore, a nucleotide containing uracil, guanine or adenine in the nucleotide sequence of the dsRNA characterized by the present disclosure can be replaced with a nucleotide containing, for example, inosine. In another example, adenine and cytosine at any position in the oligonucleotide can be replaced with guanine and uracil, respectively, to form G-U wobble base pair with the target mRNA. Sequences containing such replaced moieties are suitable for use in the compositions and methods characterized by the present disclosure.
[0123] The terms “sequence” and “nucleotide sequence” refer to contiguous or sequential nucleobases or nucleotides, described by consecutive letters using standard nomenclature. Nucleic acid molecules may contain unmodified and / or modified nucleotides. Nucleotide sequences may contain unmodified and / or modified nucleotides.
[0124] The terms “base” , “nucleotide base” or “nucleobase” refers to a heterocyclic pyrimidine or purine compound that is a component of a nucleotide, and includes the primary purine bases adenine and guanine, and the primary pyrimidine bases cytosine, thymine and uracil. Nucleobases can be further modified to include, without limitation, universal bases, hydrophobic bases, promiscuous bases, size-expanded bases, and fluorinated bases. The synthesis of such modified nucleobases, including phosphoramidite compounds containing modified nucleobases, is known in the art.
[0125] As used herein, unless otherwise indicated, the term “complementary” is used to describe a first nucleobase or nucleotide sequence (e.g., a sense strand of an RNAi agent or a target mRNA) associated with a second nucleobase or nucleotide sequence (e.g., an RNAi agent) . Antisense strand or single-stranded antisense oligonucleotide refers to an oligonucleotide comprising a second nucleotide sequence that hybridizes with an oligonucleotide or polynucleotide comprising a first nucleotide sequence under certain standard conditions (e.g., under mammalian physiological conditions or other suitable in vivo or in vitro conditions to form a base-pair through hydrogen bond) and forms a duplex or double helix structure. Those of ordinary skill in the art will be able to select one set of conditions most suitable for the hybridization assay. The complementary sequences include Watson-Crick base pairs or non-Watson-Crick base pairs, and include natural or modified nucleotides or nucleotide mimetics, at least to the extent that the hybridization requirements described above are met. Sequence identity or complementarity is not relevant to the modification. For example, as defined herein, Am and Af are complementary to U (or T) and identical to A for the purpose of determining identity or complementarity.
[0126] As used herein, “perfectly complementary” or “fully complementary” means that in a hybridized pair of nucleobase or nucleotide sequence molecules, all (100%) the bases in a contiguous sequence of a first oligonucleotide will hybridize with the same number of bases in a contiguous sequence of a second oligonucleotide. The contiguous sequence can comprise all or part of the first or second nucleotide sequence.
[0127] The terms “individual” or “subject” as used herein refers to any animal, such as a mammal or marsupial. Individuals contemplated by the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, humans, non-human primates (such as cynomolgus or rhesus monkeys or other types of macaques) , mice, pigs, horses, donkeys, cattle, sheep, rats, and poultry of any kind.
[0128] The term “disease” or “condition” or “disorder” or the like as used herein refers to any change or imbalance that impairs or interferes with the normal function of cells, tissues or organs. For example, the “disease” includes, but is not limited to, tumors, pathogenic infections, autoimmune diseases, T cell dysfunctions, or immune tolerance deficiency (such as transplantation rejection) .
[0129] The term "prevention" used herein refers to that: before suffering from a disease, a subject is exposed to (such as being administered with) the dsRNA molecule disclosed in the present disclosure, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the dsRNA molecule, or the like, so as to alleviate the symptoms after suffering from the disease when there is no exposure, which does not mean that it is necessary to completely suppress the disease.
[0130] The term “treatment” as used herein refers to clinical intervention in an attempt to modify the course of a disease in an individual or to treat a cell-induced disease process, either prophylactically or interventionally in the clinical pathological process. Therapeutic effects include, but are not limited to, preventing the occurrence or recurrence of the disease, alleviating symptoms, reducing the direct or indirect pathological consequences of any disease, preventing metastasis, slowing down the progression of the disease, improving or alleviating the condition, alleviating or improving the prognosis, etc.
[0131] The term “alkyl” as used herein refers to a linear or branched alkyl group, eg., C1-10 alkyl, including C2 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C6 alkyl, C7 alkyl, C8 alkyl, C9 alkyl. Representative alkyl includes, but is not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, and similar groups thereof.
[0132] The term “alkylene” as used herein refers to a divalent radical derived from an alkane (including linear and branched alkanes) , eg., C1-30 alkylene, including C2 alkylene, C3alkylene, C4 alkylene, C5 alkylene, C6 alkylene, C7 alkylene, C8 alkylene, C9 alkylene, etc. Representative alkylene includes, but is not limited to, -CH2-, - (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) 3-, - (CH2) 4-, - (CH2) 5-, - (CH2) 6-, - (CH2) 7-, - (CH2) 8-, - (CH2) 9-, - (CH2) 10-, - (CH2) 11-, - (CH2) 12-, and similar groups thereof.
[0133] The term “cycloalkyl” as used refers to refers to a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon group whose ring can be a 3-10-membered, eg., C3-10 cycloalkyl. Representative alkyl includes, but is not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and similar groups thereof.
[0134] The term “alkenyl” as used herein refers to the alkyl as defined above comprising at least one double bond between adjacent carbon atoms, which may be linear or branched, eg., C2-10 alkenyl. The alkenyl includes both cis and trans isomers. Representative alkenyl includes, but is not limited to, vinyl, propenyl, allyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, isobutenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-methyl-1-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 2, 3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, and similar groups thereof.
[0135] The term “alkynyl” used herein refers to the alkyl as defined above containing at least one triple bond between adjacent carbon atoms, which may be linear or branched, eg., C2-10 alkynyl. Representative alkynyl comprises, but is not limited to, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, and similar groups thereof.
[0136] The terms “halo” or “halogen” used herein refers to a fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom. The term “haloalkyl” is meant to include monohaloalkyl and polyhaloalkyl, eg., the term “C1-10 haloalkyl” is mean to include trifluoromethyl, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl, 4-chlorobutyl, 3-bromopropyl, difluoromethyl, and similar groups thereof.
[0137] The terms “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” and “salt” used herein refer to an acidic and / or basic salt formed by the monomer structure or the compound with an inorganic and / or organic acid and base, also comprise a zwitter-ionic salt (internal salt) , and further comprise a quaternary ammonium salt, such as an alkyl ammonium salt. The pharmaceutically acceptable salt and the salt comprise, but are not limited to, hydrochloride, sulfate, citrate, benzenesulfonate, hydrobromide, hydrofluoride, phosphate, formate, acetate, propionate, succinate, oxalate, malate, succinate, fumarate, maleate, tartrate, trifluoroacetate, mesylate and tosylate.
[0138] The terms “hydroxyl protecting group” and “thiol protecting group” include acetyl, benzyl, benzoyl, 2, 6-dichlorobenzyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl, methanesulfonyl, toluenesulfonyl, dimethoxytrityl (DMTr) , 9-phenylxanthine-9-yl (Pixyl) and 9- (p-methoxyphenyl) xanthine-9-yl (MOX) , etc.
[0139] The term “amine protecting group” includes acetyl, fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) , tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) , benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz) , p-methoxybenzyl (PMB) , benzyl (Bn) , trityl (Trt) , p-toluenesulfonyl (Tos) , phthaloyl (Pht) , N-1- (4, 4-dimethyl-2, 6-dioxocyclohexylidene) ethyl (Dde) , or allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc) , etc.
[0140] Examples
[0141] The present disclosure is further described below in conjunction with specific examples. It should be understood that these examples serve only to illustrate the present disclosure and are not limiting the scope of the present disclosure. The experimental methods in which no specific conditions are specified in the following examples are usually performed according to conventional conditions such as those described in J. Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 3rd edition, Science Press, 2002, or according to the conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
[0142] Example 1 Synthesis of GalNAc molecule
[0143] 1.1 Synthesis of QLR-7A
[0144] Scheme:
[0145] Experimental procedure:
[0146] To a stirred solution of compound 1 (10.50 g, 1.0 eq. ) in DCM (63 mL) was added TFA (21.0 mL) drop by drop at 0-5 ℃. The reaction was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 hours. The mixture was concentrated to give compound 2 as crude product and used directly without purification.
[0147] To a stirred solution of compound 2 (crude, 5.38 g, 1 eq. ) in pyridine (50 mL) was added ethyl trifluroacetate (64.5 g) slowly. The reaction was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hour. The mixture was concentrated at 38 ℃ to give compound 3 as crude product and used directly without purification.
[0148] To a solution of compound 3 (crude, 10.30 g, 1.0 eq. ) in pyridine (85 mL) was added DMTrCl (9.00 g) slowly. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The mixture was quenched by water and extracted by DCM (100 mL) . The organic layer was washed by 5%NaHCO3 solution, 10%NaCl solution and dried over Na2SO4. The solution was filtered and concentrated, and the residues was purified by reversed-phase chromatography to give compound 4 (2.10 g) and compound 4a (2.5 g) . LCMS: 99.1%at retention time 3.997 min, MS (ESI) m / z=504.1 [M+H] +, Calculated: 504.2.2D-NMR (Cosy) confirmed the structure.
[0149] To a solution of compound 4 (2.20 g, 1.0 eq. ) in MeOH (22 mL) was added 33%KOH solution (3.30 g) at 0 ℃. The reaction was then warmed up to room temperature and stirred for 16 hours. The mixture was concentrated and redissolved in DCM (25 mL) . The solution was washed by water (25 mL) , dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. It was concentrated to give compound 5 (1.35 g) . LCMS: 98.8%at retention time: 2.893 min, MS(ESI) m / z=408.1 [M+H] +, Calculated: 408.2.
[0150] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ8.61 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.44-7.21 (m, 9H) , 6.83 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 4H) , 3.79 (s, 8H) , 3.09-2.94 (m, 3H) , 1.65-1.26 (m, 4H) .
[0151] To a stirred solution of compound 27A (4.00 g, 1.0 eq. ) in DCM (50 mL) was added EDCI (0.51 g, 1.5 eq. ) , DIPEA (0.68 g, 2.0 eq. ) and compound 5 (1.13 g, 1.05 eq. ) . The reaction was stirred at 25 ℃ for 3 hours. The mixture was added by 10%NaCl solution and the organic layer was collected. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated at 30 ℃. The residue was purified by reversed-phase chromatography to give compound 6 (3.20 g) . LCMS: 96.9%at retention time: 14.610 min, MS (ESI) m / z=1046.3 [ (M-302) / 2+H] +, Calculated: 2395.2
[0152] To a stirred solution of compound 6 (3.20 g, 1.0 eq. ) in DCM (30 mL) was added succinic anhydride (0.30 g, 2.3 eq. ) and DIPEA (0.60 g, 3.5 eq. ) . The reaction was stirred at 25 ℃ for 36 hours. The mixture was washed by 10%NaCl solution four times. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated at 30℃ to give QLR-7A (2.20 g) as a light yellow solid. LCMS: 93.2%at retention time: 10.663 min, MS (ESI) m / z=1096.9 [ (M-302) / 2+H] +, Calculated: 2495.2
[0153] 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ7.93-7.73 (m, 10H) , 7.42-7.17 (m, 9H) , 7.02 (s, 1H) , 6.87 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 4H) , 5.21 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 3H) , 4.96 (dt, J=24.0, 12.0 Hz, 3H) , 4.49 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 3H) , 4.06-3.85 (m, 15H) , 3.75-3.66 (m, 9H) , 3.57-3.49 (m, 12H) , 3.43-3.38 (m, 6H) , 3.08-2.97 (m, 12H) , 2.34-2.25 (m, 8H) , 2.13-2.01 (m,30H) , 1.87 (s, 9H) , 1.77 (s, 9H) , 1.73-1.70 (m, 1 H) , 1.53-1.33 (m, 23H) , 1.19 (s, 12H) .
[0154] To a solution of QLR-7A (0.42 g, 1.0 eq. ) in MeCN was add HBTU (0.06 g, 1.0 eq. ) , DIPEA (0.08 g, 5.0 eq. ) and LACC CPG (2.68 g) . The mixture was shaken at 25 ℃ for 20 hours. The suspension was filtered and the filter cake was washed by MeCN five times. The filter cake was suspended in a solution of pyridine (16.80 g) , Ac2O (3.60 g) and TEA (0.08 g) . The mixture was sealed and stirred for 1 hour. The filter cake was obtained after filtration and washed by MeCN five times. CPG-QLR-7A (2.40 g) was obtained after drying under vacuum (DMT loading: 51.79μmol / g) .
[0155] 1.2 Synthesis of QLR-7A-1
[0156] Scheme:
[0157] Experimental procedure:
[0158] To a solution of compound 27A (23.50 g, 2.0 eq, provided by Honegene) in DCM (100 mL) was added EDCI (1.66 g, 1.5 eq. ) , DIPEA (1.51 g, 2.0 eq. ) and compound QLR-7A-4a (2.50 g, 1.05 eq. ) . The reaction was stirred at 25℃ for 3 hours. The mixture was added by 10%NaCl solution and the organic layer was collected. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated at 30 ℃. The residue was purified by reversed-phase chromatography to give compound 2 (3.00 g) . LCMS: 66.1%, MS (ESI) m / z=1046.5 [ (M-302) / 2+H] +, Calculated: 2395.2
[0159] To a stirred solution of compound 2 (2.00 g, 1.0 eq. ) in DCM (20 mL) was added succinic anhydride (0.17 g, 2.0 eq. ) and DIPEA (0.32 g, 3.0 eq. ) . The reaction was stirred at 12 ℃ for 36 hours. The mixture was washed by 5%NaCl solution four times. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated at 30℃. The residue was purified by reversed-phase chromatography to give QLR-7A-1 (0.60 g) . LCMS: 92.3%at retention time: 10.320 min, MS (ESI) m / z=1096.7 [ (M-302) / 2+H] +, Calculated: 2495.2.
[0160] 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ7.78-7.55 (m, 10H) , 7.38-7.20 (m, 9H) , 6.85 (dd, J=9.6, 4.8 Hz, 4H) , 5.21 (d, J=10 Hz, 3H) , 4.96 (dd, J=24.0, 12.0 Hz, 3H) , 4.49 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 3H) , 4.19-3.98 (m, 11H) , 3.93-3.85 (m, 4H) , 3.76-3.65 (m, 7H) , 3.63-3.49 (m, 10H) , 3.46-3.38 (m, 8 H) , 3.14-2.90 (m, 25H) , 2.16-1.92 (m, 33H) , 1.89 (s,9H) , 1.77 (s, 9H) , 1.53-1.39 (m, 23H) , 1.27-1.07 (m, 12H, overlapped with TEA) .
[0161] To a solution of QLR-7A-1 (0.35 g, 1.0 eq. ) in MeCN was add HBTU (0.05 g, 1.0 eq. ) , DIPEA (0.04 g, 2.0 eq. ) and LACC CPG (2.30 g) . The mixture was shaken at 25 ℃ for 15 hours. The suspension was filtered and the filter cake was washed by MeCN five times. The filter cake was suspended in a solution of pyridine (14.00 g) , Ac2O (2.00 g) and TEA (0.14 g) . The mixture was sealed and stirred for 1 hour. The filter cake was obtained after filtration and washed by MeCN five times. CPG-QLR-7A (1.82 g) was obtained after drying under vacuum (DMT loading: 30.78μmol / g) .
[0162] 1.3 Synthesis of QLR-7B
[0163] Scheme:
[0164] Experimental procedure:
[0165] To a solution of compound 1 (24.50 g, 1 eq. ) in DCM (150 mL) was added TFA (21.0 mL) drop by drop at 0~5 ℃. The reaction was then warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 hours. The mixture was concentrated to give compound 2 as crude product and used directly without purification.
[0166] To a stirred solution of compound 2 (crude, 12.00 g, 1.0 eq. ) in pyridine (120 mL) was added ethyl trifluroacetate (154.80 g) slowly. The reaction was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hour. The mixture was concentrated at 38 ℃ to give compound 3 as crude product and used directly without purification.
[0167] To a stirred solution of compound 3 (crude, 22.90 g, 1 eq. ) in pyridine (200 mL) was added a solution of DMTrCl (21.30 g) in pyridine (200 mL) slowly at 0 ℃. The reaction was stirred at 0 ℃ for 3 hours. The mixture was quenched by water and extracted by DCM (220 mL) . The organic layer was washed by 5%NaHCO3 solution, 10%NaCl solution and dried over Na2SO4. The solution was filtered and concentrated, and the residues was purified by reversed-phase chromatography to give compound 4 (3.70 g) . LCMS: 97.3%at retention time 3.991 min, MS (ESI) m / z=504.1 [M+H] +, Calculated: 504.2.
[0168] To a solution of compound 4 (3.70 g, 1.0 eq. ) in MeOH (37 mL) was added 33%KOH solution (5.60 g) at 0 ℃. The reaction was then warmed up to room temperature and stirred for 16 hours. The mixture was concentrated and redissolved in DCM (40 mL) . The solution was washed by water (40 mL) , dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The solution was concentrated to give compound 5 (2.50 g) . LCMS: 94.3%at retention time: 2.717 min, MS (ESI) m / z=408.1 [M+H] +, Calculated: 408.2.
[0169] 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ7.42-7.18 (m, 9H) , 6.91-6.86 (m, 4H) , 3.79-3.68 (s, 6H) , 3.48-3.46 (m, 2H) , 2.96-2.91 (m, 1 H) , 2.85-2.79 (m, 2 H) , 1.64-1.22 (m, 4H, with broad NH2 peak) .
[0170] To a stirred solution of compound 27A (10.78 g, 1.0 eq) in DCM (50 mL) was added EDCI (0.97 g, 1.5 eq. ) , DIPEA (1.39 g, 2.0 eq. ) and compound 5 (2.30 g, 1.05 eq. ) . The reaction was stirred at 25℃ for 3 hours. The mixture was added by 10%NaCl solution and the organic layer was collected. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by pre-HPLC to give compound 6 (4.00 g) . LCMS: 99.3%at Retention time: 14.048 min, MS (ESI) m / z=1046.5 [ (M-302) / 2+H] +, Calculated: 2395.2
[0171] To a stirred solution of compound 6 (1.10 g, 1.0 eq. ) in DCM (15 mL) was added succinic anhydride (0.09 g, 2.0 eq. ) and DIPEA (0.18 g, 3.0 eq. ) . The reaction was stirred at 25 ℃ for 36 hours. The mixture was washed by 10%NaCl solution four times. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated to give QLR-7B (0.72 g) as a light yellow solid. LCMS: 98.3%at retention time: 13.124 min, MS (ESI) m / z=1096.7 [ (M-302) / 2+H] +, Calculated: 2495.2
[0172] 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ8.61-8.54 (m, 1H) , 7.93-7.73 (m, 10H) , 7.46-7.19 (m, 9H) , 7.02 (s, 1H) , 6.87 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 4H) , 5.22 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 3H) , 4.96 (dd, J=24.0, 12.0 Hz, 3H) , 4.49 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 3H) , 4.05-3.81 (m, 16H) , 3.72-3.68 (m, 10H) , 3.57-3.45 (m, 12H) , 3.08-2.84 (m, 15H) , 2.35-2.27 (m, 8H) , 2.10-1.84 (m, 30H) , 1.88 (s, 9H) , 1.77 (s, 9H) , 1.73-1.70 (m, 1 H) , 1.53-1.42 (m, 23 H) , 1.26-1.14 (m, 12H) .
[0173] To a solution of QLR-7B (0.33 g, 1.0 eq. ) in MeCN was add HBTU (0.05 g, 2.0 eq. ) , DIPEA (0.03 g, 5.0 eq. ) and LCAA CPG (2.17 g) . The mixture was shaken at 25 ℃ for 16 hours. The suspension was filtered and the filter cake was washed by MeCN five times. The filter cake was suspended in a solution of pyridine (14.70 g) , Ac2O (3.15 g) and TEA (0.07 g) . The mixture was sealed and stirred for 1 hour. The filter cake was obtained after filtration and washed by MeCN five times. CPG-QLR-7B (1.30 g) was obtained after drying under vacuum (DMT loading: 51.07μmol / g) .
[0174] 1.4 Synthesis of QLR-15
[0175] Scheme:
[0176] Experimental procedure:
[0177] To a solution of (2R, 3R) -2-aminobutane-1, 3-diol (200 g, 1.0 eq. ) in pyridine (3.10 kg) was added by DMTrCl (710.00 g, 1.1 eq. ) at 0 ℃. The reaction was stirred at 0 ℃ for 12 hours. The mixture was concentrated and purified by silica column chromatography to give compound X939 (369.50 g) . LCMS: 99.5%, MS (ESI) m / z=408.17 [M+H] +, Calculated: 408.22.2D-NMR (HMBC) confirmed the structure. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ7.41 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H) , 7.33-7.25 (m, 6H) , 7.21 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H) , 6.88 (d, J =8.9 Hz, 4H) , 4.37 (s, 1H) , 3.73 (s, 6H) , 3.63 (dd, J=11.4, 5.9 Hz, 1H) , 3.02 (dd, J=8.8, 5.4 Hz, 1H) , 2.84 (dd, J=8.8, 6.2 Hz, 1H) , 2.57 (dd, J=10.7, 5.5 Hz, 1H) , 1.45 (s, 2H) , 0.96 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 3H) .
[0178] To a solution of compound 2 (16.00 g, 1.0 eq. ) in DMF (600 mL) was added EDCI (11.60 g, 1.7 eq. ) , compound 1 (7.90 g, 1.0 eq. ) and TEA (10.90 g, 3.0 eq. ) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The mixture was quenched by 5%NaHCO3 solution and extracted by EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed by 5%NaHCO3 solution, dried over Na2SO4, filtered. After concentration, the residue was purified by silica column chromatography to give compound 3 (9.00 g) . LCMS: 98.6%, MS (ESI) m / z=651.36 [M+H] +, Calculated: 651.31.
[0179] To a solution of compound 3 (9.00 g, 1.0 eq. ) in 2-MeTHF (100 mL) was added by Pd (OH) 2 / C (0.90 g) under N2 protecting. The reaction was then stirred at H2 atmosphere for 3 hours. The mixture was filtered under N2 protecting and the filter cake was washed by 2-MTHF. The combined organic layer was concentrated to give compound 4 (7.00 g) as colorless oil. LCMS: 99.1%, MS (ESI) m / z=561.52 [M+H] +, Calculated: 561.27.
[0180] To a solution of compound 4 (4.00 g, 1.0 eq. ) in DCM (100mL) was added EDCI (2.10 g, 1.5 eq. ) , compound X939 (2.90 g, 1.0 eq. ) and DIPEA (1.80 g, 2.0 eq. ) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. The mixture was washed by 5%NaHCO3 solution, 10%NaCl solution and dried over Na2SO4. The solution was filtered and concentrated, and the residues was purified by pre-HPLC to give compound 5 (5.00 g) . LCMS: 99.3%, MS (ESI) m / z=950.53 [M+H] +, Calculated: 950.47.
[0181] To a solution of compound 5 (5.00 g, 1.0 eq. ) in DCM (50 mL) was added 3- ( (bis (diisopropylamino) phosphaneyl) oxy) propanenitrile (2.38 g, 1.5 eq. ) , diisoropyl ammonium tetrazolide (0.90 g, 1.0 eq. ) , successively. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The mixture was quenched by 10%NaHCO3 solution. The organic layer was collected and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography to give QLR-15 (1.80 g) . LCMS: 99.6%, MS (ESI) m / z=1150.73 [M+H] +; Calculated: 1150.57.
[0182] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ7.44-7.38 (m, 2H) , 7.34-7.24 (m, 6H) , 7.20 (dd, J=14.6, 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 6.91 (d, J =8.9 Hz, 1H) , 6.81 (dd, J=11.9, 4.8 Hz, 4H) , 6.51-6.37 (m, 1H) , 5.83 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H) , 5.35 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H) , 5.18 (dd, J=11.2, 3.3 Hz, 1H) , 4.60 (dd, J=8.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.40-4.07 (m, 5H) , 3.94-3.84 (m, 2H) , 3.82-3.72 (m, 6H) , 3.71-3.42 (m, 5H) , 3.27-3.05 (m, 4H) , 2.63-2.31 (m, 2H) , 2.27-2.17 (m, 3H) , 2.16-2.08 (m, 4H) , 2.05-1.89 (m, 9H) , 1.83-1.71 (m, 1H) , 1.70-1.46 (m, 7H) , 1.42-1.31 (m, 2H) , 1.24 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 1H) , 1.20 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H) , 1.18-1.10 (m, 10H) , 0.98 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H) .
[0183] 1.5 Synthesis of QLR-15-CPG and QLR-15-PS
[0184] Experimental procedure:
[0185] To a solution of QLR-15-5 (1.00 g, 1.0 eq. ) in DCM (20 mL) was added TEA (0.21 g, 2.0 eq. ) and succinic anhydride (0.16 g, 1.5 eq. ) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The mixture was washed by 5%NaCl solution (18 mL) four times. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated at 35 ℃ to give QLR-15-succinate (0.80 g) . LCMS: 97.6%, MS (ESI) m / z=1050.52 [M+H] +, calculated: 1050.48.
[0186] 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.24 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H) , 8.08 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.89 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.40-7.34 (m, 2H) , 7.34-7.26 (m, 2H) , 7.23-7.18 (m, 5H) , 6.88-6.82 (m, 4H) , 5.23 (d, J=3.3 Hz, 1H) , 5.17-5.07 (m, 1H) , 5.02-4.98 (m, 1H) , 4.57 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H) , 4.06-3.98 (m, 3H) , 3.91-3.86 (m, 1H) , 3.73 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 8H) , 3.41-3.36 (m, 1H) , 3.08-2.90 (m, 3H) , 2.84-2.80 (m, 1H) , 2.39-2.31 (m, 2H) , 2.21-2.12 (m, 3H) , 2.11 (s, 3H) , 2.07-2.02 (m, 1H) , 2.05-2.02 (m, 2H) , 2.00-1.96 (m, 3H) , 1.89-1.84 (m, 3H) , 1.78-1.76 (m, 3H) , 1.54-1.37 (m, 8H) , 1.27-1.19 (m, 2H) , 1.03 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 3H) .
[0187] To a solution of QLR-15-succinate (0.60 g, 1.0 eq. ) in MeCN (100 mL) was added HBTU (0.24 g, 2.0 eq. ) , DIPEA (0.15 g, 2.0 eq. ) and CPG (10.00 g) , successively. The reaction was shaken at 25℃ for 20 hours. The suspension was filtered and the filter cake was washed by MeCN five times. The filter cake was suspended in a solution of pyridine (27.50 g) , Ac2O (5.90 g) and TEA (0.14 g) . The mixture was sealed and stirred for 1 hour. The filter cake was obtained after filtration and washed by MeCN five times. QLR-15-CPG (10.20 g) was obtained after drying under vacuum (DMT loading: 25.77μmol / g) .
[0188] To a solution of QLR-15-succinate (1.30 g, 1.0 eq. ) in MeCN (50 mL) was added HBTU (0.52 g, 2.0 eq. ) , DIPEA (0.32 g, 2.0 eq. ) and Oligo-OH Resin (5.00 g) , successively. The reaction was shaken at 25℃ for 20 hours. The suspension was filtered and the filter cake was washed by MeCN five times. The filter cake was suspended in a solution of pyridine (27.50 g) , Ac2O (5.90 g) and TEA (0.14 g) . The mixture was sealed and stirred for 1 hour. The filter cake was obtained after filtration and washed by MeCN five times. QLR-15-PS (4.60 g) was obtained after drying under vacuum (DMT loading: 143.9μmol / g) .
[0189] 1.6 Synthesis of QLR-17
[0190] Scheme:
[0191] Experimental procedure:
[0192] To a solution of (2S, 3S) -2-aminobutane-1, 3-diol (16.70 g, 1.0 eq. ) in pyridine (100 mL) was added DMTrCl (59.30, 1.1 eq. ) . The reaction was stirred at 0 ℃ for 12 hours. The mixture was concentrated and purified by silica column chromatography to give compound D685 (33.00 g) . LCMS: 99.5%, MS (ESI) m / z=408.11 [M+H] +, Calculated: 408.22.2D-NMR (Cosy, HMBC) confirmed the structure.
[0193] 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ7.41 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 2H) , 7.29 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 6H) , 7.21 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H) , 6.88 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 4H) , 4.39 (s, 1H) , 3.73 (s, 6H) , 3.66-3.60 (m, 1H) , 3.02 (dd, J=8.8, 5.4 Hz, 1H) , 2.84 (dd, J=8.7, 6.3 Hz, 1H) , 2.57 (dd, J=10.6, 5.4 Hz, 1H) , 1.46 (s, 2H) , 0.96 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 3H)
[0194] To a solution of compound 1 (24.50 g, 1.0 eq. ) in DCM (500 mL) was added EDCI (12.57 g, 1.5 eq. ) , compound D685 (17.81 g, 1.0 eq. ) and DIPEA (11.29 g, 2.0 eq. ) . The reaction was stirred at 10 ℃ for 14 hours. The mixture was washed by 5%NaHCO3 solution, 10%NaCl solution and dried over Na2SO4. The solution was filtered and concentrated, and the residues was purified by pre-HPLC to give compound 2 (18.00 g) . LCMS: 98.5%, MS (ESI) m / z=950.53 [M+H] +, Calculated: 950.47.
[0195] To a solution of compound 2 (5.00 g, 1.0 eq. ) in DCM (50 mL) was added 3- ( (bis (diisopropylamino) phosphaneyl) oxy) propanenitrile (2.38 g, 1.5 eq. ) and DCI (0.62 g, 1.0 eq. ) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes. The mixture was quenched by 10%NaHCO3 solution. The organic layer was collected and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography to give QLR-17 (1.10 g) . LCMS: 99.4%, MS (ESI) m / z=1150.50 [M+H] +, Calculated: 1150.57.
[0196] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ7.43-7.35 (m, 2H) , 7.27-7.24 (m, 6H) , 7.18 (dd, J=14.6, 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 6.79 (dd, J=12.1, 4.7 Hz, 4H) , 6.74 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H) , 6.33-6.23 (m, 1H) , 5.79 (dd, J=93.9, 9.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.34 (d, J=3.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.17 (dd, J=11.2, 3.4 Hz, 1H) , 4.60 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H) , 4.36-4.15 (m, 2H) , 4.15-4.04 (m, 3H) , 3.94-3.82 (m, 2H) , 3.76 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 6H) , 3.71-3.39 (m, 5H) , 3.25-3.02 (m, 4H) , 2.59-2.52 (m, 1H) , 2.46-2.32 (m, 1H) , 2.18 (dd, J=16.3, 8.8 Hz, 3H) , 2.14-2.06 (m, 4H) , 2.03-1.87 (m, 9H) , 1.81-1.68 (m, J=19.8, 9.8 Hz, 1H) , 1.68-1.45 (m, 7H) , 1.40-1.30 (m, 2H) , 1.22 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 1H) , 1.13-1.10 (m, 12H) , 0.96 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H) .
[0197] 1.7 Synthesis of QLR-17-CPG
[0198] Experimental procedure:
[0199] To a solution of QLR-17-2 (1.00 g, 1.0 eq. ) in DCM (20 mL) was added TEA (0.21 g, 2.0 eq. ) and succinic anhydride (0.16 g, 1.5 eq. ) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The mixture was washed by 5%NaCl solution (25 mL) four times. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated at 35 ℃ to give QLR-17-succinate (0.70 g) LCMS: 97.6%, MS (ESI) m / z=1050.77 [M+H] +, Calculated: 1050.48.
[0200] 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.30 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H) , 8.15 (t, J=5.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.90 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.36 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H) , 7.30 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H) , 7.22-7.18 (m, 5H) , 6.88-6.84 (m, 4H) , 5.22 (d, J=3.3 Hz, 1H) , 5.16-5.07 (m, 1H) , 5.02-4.98 (m, 1H) , 4.58 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H) , 4.05-3.97 (m, 3H) , 3.90-3.85 (m, 1H) , 3.76-3.66 (m, 8H) , 3.40-3.32 (m, 1H) , 2.98-2.92 (m, 3H) , 2.82-2.77 (m, 1H) , 2.34 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H) , 2.22-2.11 (m, 3H) , 2.10 (s, 3H) , 2.08 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H) , 2.04 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H) , 1.99-1.93 (m, 3H) , 1.88-1.84 (m, 3H) , 1.77-1.70 (m, 3H) , 1.59-1.41 (m, 6H) , 1.37-1.32 (m, 2H) , 1.26-1.18 (m, 2H) , 1.02 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 3H) .
[0201] To a solution of QLR-17-succinate (0.70 g, 1.0 eq. ) in MeCN (100 mL) was added HBTU (0.28 g, 2.0 eq. ) , DIPEA (0.17 g, 2.0 eq. ) and CPG (10.00 g) . The reaction was shaken at 25℃ for 20 hours. The suspension was filtered and the filter cake was washed by MeCN five times. The filter cake was suspended in a solution of pyridine (30.00 g) , Ac2O (6.20 g) and TEA (0.16 g) . The mixture was sealed and stirred for 1 hour. The filter cake was obtained after filtration and washed by MeCN five times. QLR-17-CPG (9.20 g) was obtained after drying under vacuum (DMT loading: 29.92μmol / g) .
[0202] 1.8 Synthesis of QLR-18
[0203] Scheme:
[0204] Experimental procedure:
[0205] To a solution of compound 1 (6.20 g, 1.0 eq. ) in DCM (500 mL) was added EDCI (3.18 g, 1.5 eq. ) , compound QLR-7B-5 (4.51 g, 1.0 eq. ) and DIPEA (2.86 g, 2.0 eq. ) , successively. The reaction was stirred at 10 ℃ for 14 hours. The reaction was quenched by 7%NaHCO3 solution and the organic layer was collected. The organic layer was washed by 7%NaCl solution, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by pre-HPLC to give compound 2 (6.50 g) . LCMS: 99.4%, MS (ESI) m / z=950.62 [M+H] +, Calculated: 950.47.
[0206] To a solution of compound 2 (3.00 g, 1.0 eq. ) in DCM (30 mL) was added 3- ( (bis (diisopropylamino) phosphaneyl) oxy) propanenitrile (1.43 g, 1.5 eq. ) and diisoropyl ammonium tetrazolide (0.43 g, 0.8 eq. ) successively. The reaction was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hour. The mixture was quenched by 10%NaHCO3 solution. The organic layer was collected and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography to give QLR-18 (0.80 g) . LCMS: 99.3%, MS (ESI) m / z=1150.00 [M+H] +, Calculated: 1150.57.
[0207] 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ7.85 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.78 (t, J=9.1 Hz, 1H) , 7.72 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.40 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H) , 7.33-7.16 (m, 7H) , 6.87 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 4H) , 5.23 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H) , 4.99 (dd, J=11.2, 2.9 Hz, 1H) , 4.50 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H) , 4.05 (t, J=12.6 Hz, 4H) , 3.90 (dd, J=19.6, 9.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.80-3.66 (m, 9H) , 3.63-3.45 (m, 4H) , 3.45-3.39 (m, 1H) , 3.00 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 2H) , 2.96-2.80 (m, 2H) , 2.73 (dd, J=11.0, 5.4 Hz,2H) , 2.16-1.96 (m, 10H) , 1.94-1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.78 (s, 3H) , 1.69 (s, 1H) , 1.57-1.43 (m, 6H) , 1.38 (s, 2H) , 1.25 (s, 2H) , 1.18-1.02 (m, 12H) .
[0208] 1.9 Synthesis of QLR-8
[0209] Scheme:
[0210] Experimental procedure:
[0211] To a solution of compound 1 (144 g, 1.0 eq. ) in dry DMSO (1.47 kg) was added dry TEA (362 g, 6.0 eq. ) at 15 ℃. A solution of sulfur trioxide pyridine complex (218 g, 2.3 eq. ) in dry DMSO (1.80 kg) was added into the resulting solution drop by drop at 15 ℃. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 40 minutes. The mixture was diluted with TBME (2.46 kg) and quenched by 10%NH4Cl solution. The organic layer was collected and washed by 10%NaCl solution. The organic layer was then dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to give compound 2 (154 g) . UPLC: 58.8%; LCMS: MS (ESI) m / z=240.3 [M+H] +, Calculated: 239.1.
[0212] To a solution of di-tert-butyl malote (696 g, 5.0 eq. ) in dry THF (1.90 kg) was added 2M LDA in THF (965 mL, 3.0 eq. ) at-65 ℃. After 1 hour stirring, compound 2 (154.00 g, 1.0 eq. ) in dry THF (1.29 kg) was added into the resulting mixture. The reaction was stirred for 1 hour. The mixture was quenched by saturated NH4Cl solution and extracted by EA (6.40 kg) . The combined organic layer was washed by 10%NaCl solution, dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. After concentrating, the residue was purified by C18 pre-HPLC to give compound 3 (79 g) . UPLC: 95.6%. LCMS: MS (ESI) m / z=456.8 [M+H] +, Calculated: 455.3.
[0213] To a solution of compound 3 (79 g, 1.0 eq. ) in dry THF was added 1 M LiAlH4 in THF (1040 mL, 6.0 eq. ) slowly at 0℃. The reaction was then warmed to 35℃ and stirred for 1 hour. The mixture was quenched by saturated NH4Cl solution at 0 ℃. The suspension was filtered and the filter cake was washed by THF. The combined solution was concentrated and redissolved in DCM (1 L) . The solution was washed by brine (800 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by C18 pre-HPLC to give compound 4 (19.5 g) . UPLC: 100%, LCMS: MS (ESI) m / z=316.3 [M+H] +, calculated: 315.2.
[0214] 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ7.42-7.23 (m, 10H) , 4.46-4.16 (m, 3H) , 3.95 (s, 1H) , 3.61-3.38 (m, 7H) , 3.34-3.28 (m, 1H) , 2.54-2.42 (m, 2 H) , 1.75-1.55 (m, 1H) .
[0215] To a solution of compound 4 (8.00 g, 1.0 eq. ) in DMSO (80 mL) was added 5N NaOH solution and tert-Butyl acrylate (32.51 g, 10.0 eq. ) . The reaction was stirred at 10℃ for 12-24 hours. The reaction was quenched by water (40 mL) and extracted by EA (160 mL) . The organic layer was collected and washed by 10%NaCl solution twice. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated at 35℃. The residue was purified by reversed-phase chromatography to give compound 5 (7.40 g) as light yellow oil. UPLC: 99.6%. LCMS: MS (ESI) m / z=700.9 [M+H] +, calculated: 699.4.
[0216] To a round bottom flask containing compound 5 (7.40 g, 1.0 eq. ) was added formic acid (74 mL) and water (7.4 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 40 ℃ for 16 hours. The mixture was concentrated to give compound 6 (6.30 g) as light yellow oil. UPLC: 99.0%. LCMS: MS (ESI) m / z=532.4 [M+H] +, calculated: 531.3.
[0217] To a solution of compound 6 (2.70 g, 1.0 eq. ) in DMF (54 mL) was added compound 6A (11.51 g, 4.5 eq. ) , EDCI (4.38 g, 4.5 eq. ) and TEA (9.14 g, 10.0 eq. ) . The reaction was stirred for 8 hours. The mixture was diluted by DCM (81 mL) and washed by 10%NaCl solution (27 mL) four times. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated at 35℃ to give compound 7 (8.00 g) as a light yellow solid. UPLC: 98.7%. LCMS: retention time: 2.617 min, MS (ESI) m / z=1988.3 [M+H] +, calculated: 1986.9.
[0218] To a solution of compound 7 (7.00 g, 1.0 eq. ) in THF (70 mL) was added by 20%Pd (OH) 2 / C (0.70 g) under N2 protecting. The reaction was then stirred at 40 ℃ for 4 hours under H2 balloon. The mixture was filtered and the filter cake was washed by MeCN (70 mL) three times. The combined organic layer was concentrated at 40 ℃ to give compound 8 (5.20 g) as a gray solid. UPLC: 97.3%. LCMS: retention time: 3.550 min, MS (ESI) m / z=1807.8 [M+H] +, calculated: 1806.9.
[0219] To a solution of compound 8 (5.48 g, 1.0 eq. ) in DMF (54.8 mL) was added compound 8A (2.10 g, 1.1 eq. ) , EDCI (0.87 g, 1.5 eq. ) and DIPEA (1.96 g, 5.0 eq. ) successively. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The mixture was diluted by DCM (110 mL) and washed by 10%NaCl solution (55 mL) four times. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated at 35℃. The residue was purified by C18 pre-HPLC to give compound 9 (4.80 g) as a light yellow solid. UPLC: 98.8%. LCMS: retention time: 5.135 min, MS (ESI) m / z=2119.5 [ (M-302) +H] +, calculated: 2420.2.
[0220] To a solution of compound 9 (1.50 g, 1.0 eq. ) in DCM (15 mL) was added DIPEA (0.24 g, 6.0 eq. ) and succinic anhydride (0.13 g, 2.0 eq. ) under N2 protecting. The reaction was stirred at 25℃ for 24-48 hours. The mixture was washed by 5%NaCl solution (18 mL) four times. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated at 35 ℃ to give QLR-8 (0.80 g) as an off-white solid. UPLC: 98.6%. LCMS: retention time: 4.830 min, MS (ESI) m / z=2219.4 [ (M-302) +H] +, calculated: 2520.2.
[0221] 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.10-7.71 (m, 8H) , 7.37-7.15 (m, 9H) , 6.87-6.80 (m, 4H) , 5.22-5.18 (m, 3H) , 4.98-4.90 (m, 3H) , 4.51-4.48 (m, 3H) , 4.02-3.98 (m, 9H) , 3.88-3.80 (m, 3H) , 3.82-3.64 (m, 11H) , 3.52-3.45 (m, 23H) , 3.04-2.98 (m, 14H) , 2.40-2.37 (m, 2H) , 2.35-2.17 (m, 9H) , 2.16-1.95 (m, 26H) , 1.89-1.80 (m, 9H) , 1.78-1.70 (m, 9H) , 1.48-1.40 (m, 23H) , 1.23-1.20 (m, 12H) .
[0222] To a solution of QLR-8 (0.36 g, 1.0 eq. ) in MeCN (25 mL) was added HBTU (0.06 g, 1.0 eq. ) , DIPEA (0.07 g, 4.0 eq. ) and LCAA CPG (2.50 g) . The reaction was shaken at25℃ for 16 hours. After filtration, the filter cake was washed by MeCN five times and dried under vacuum (DMT loading: 53.03μmol / g) . The filter cake was then suspended in a solution of pyridine (17.50 g) , Ac2O (3.80 g) and TEA (0.13 g) . The mixture was sealed and stirred for 1 hour. The filter cake was obtained after filtration and washed by MeCN five times. QLR-8-CPG (2.40 g) was prepared after drying under vacuum (DMT loading: 53.52μmol / g) .
[0223] 1.10 Synthesis of QLR-12
[0224] Scheme:
[0225] Experimental procedure:
[0226] To a solution of QLR-8-6 (3.00 g, 1.0 eq. ) in DMF (60 mL) was added compound 2a (15.03 g, 4.5 eq. ) , EDCI (4.33 g, 4.0 eq. ) and TEA (5.71 g, 10.0 eq. ) successively. The reaction was stirred at 25℃ for 16 hours. The mixture was diluted by DCM (80 mL) and washed by 10%NaCl solution (30 mL) four times. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated at 35℃. The residue was purified by reversed-phase chromatography to give compound 2 (9.00 g) as a light yellow solid. LCMS: 98.1%at retention time: 4.637 min, MS (ESI) m / z=1913.7 [M+H] +, calculated: 1911.9.
[0227] To a solution of compound 2 (5.00 g, 1.0 eq. ) in THF (70 mL) was added Pd (OH) 2 / C (0.50 g) under N2 protecting. The reaction was then stirred at 45 ℃ for 4 hours under H2 balloon. The mixture was filtered and the filter cake was washed by THF (50 mL) three times. The combined organic layer was concentrated at 35℃ to give compound 3 (3.80 g) as a white solid. LCMS: 98.0%at retention time: 3.539 min, MS (ESI) m / z=1733.2 [M+H] +, calculated: 1731.8.
[0228] To a solution of compound 3 (3.80 g, 1.0 eq. ) in DMF (45 mL) was added compound 3a (1.52 g, 1.1 eq. ) , EDCI (0.63 g, 1.5 eq. ) and DIPEA (1.42 g, 5.0 eq. ) successively. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The mixture was diluted by DCM (90 mL) and washed by 10%NaCl solution (55 mL) four times. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated at 35℃. The residue was purified by revered-phase chromatography to give compound 4 (3.30 g) as oil. LCMS: 98.1%at retention time: 3.391 min, MS(ESI) m / z=2044.2 [ (M-302) +H] +, calculated: 2345.1.
[0229] To a solution of compound 4 (3.00 g, 1.0 eq. ) in DCM (30 mL) was added DIPEA (1.00 g, 6.0 eq. ) and succinic anhydride (0.51 g, 4.0 eq. ) under N2 protecting. The reaction was stirred at 25℃ for 24-48 hours. The mixture was washed by 5%NaCl solution (18 mL) four times. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated at 35 ℃ to give QLR-12 (1.40 g) as a brown solid. LCMS: 99.3%at retention time: 3.367 min, MS (ESI) m / z=1072.7 [ (M-302) / 2+H] +, calculated: 2445.1.
[0230] 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.24 (s, 1H) , 8.04-7.62 (m, 7H) , 7.38-7.16 (m, 9H) , 6.93-6.80 (m, 4H) , 5.22-5.18 (m, 3H) , 4.98-4.92 (m, 3H) , 4.55-4.52 (m, 3H) , 4.03-4.00 (m, 9H) , 3.88-3.83 (m, 3H) , 3.78-3.76 (m, 4H) , 3.73 (s, 6H) , 3.62-3.45 (m, 26H) , 3.44-3.37 (m, 6H) , 3.34-3.28 (m, 17H) , 3.20-3.18 (m, 7H) , 3.11-2.95 (m, 3H) , 2.30-2.28 (m, 6H) , 2.26-2.16 (m, 2H) , 2.09-2.06 (m, 11H) , 2.00-1.96 (m, 9H) , 1.89-1.86 (m, 9H) , 1.77-1.74 (m, 9H) , 1.47-1.43 (m, 4H) , 1.22-1.18 (m, 8H) .
[0231] To a solution of QLR-12 (0.57 g, 1.0 eq. ) in MeCN (25 mL) was added HBTU (0.09 g, 1.0 eq. ) , DIPEA (0.06 g, 2.0 eq. ) and LCAA CPG (3.93 g) . The reaction was shaken at 25℃ for 20 hours. The suspension was filtered and the filter cake was washed by MeCN five times. The filter cake was suspended in a solution of pyridine (27.50 g) , Ac2O (5.90 g) and TEA (0.14 g) . The mixture was sealed and stirred for 1 hour. The filter cake was obtained after filtration and washed by MeCN five times. CPG-QLR-12 (2.30 g) was obtained after drying under vacuum (DMT loading: 51.98μmol / g) .
[0232] Example 2 Novel GalNAc conjugated siRNA synthesis
[0233] 2.1 Synthesis of siRNA
[0234] The synthesis of siRNA was the same as the usual solid-phase synthesis of phosphoramidite. On a synthesizer, nucleoside phosphoramidite monomers were linked one by one according to the synthesis procedure, starting from a universal CPG carrier. 5- (Ethylthio) -1H-tetrazole (ETT) was used as an activator (0.6 M acetonitrile solution) , 0.22 M PADS was dissolved in a 1: 1 (volume ratio) solution of acetonitrile and trimethylpyridine as a vulcanizing agent, and an iodopyridine / aqueous solution was used as an oxidant. After the completion of solid-phase synthesis, the oligonucleotides were cleaved from the solid support, and soaked in a 3: 1 solution of28%ammonia water and ethanol at 50℃for 16 h. Centrifugation was then performed. The supernatant was transferred to another centrifugal tube. After the completion of concentration and evaporation to dryness, purification was performed using C18 reversed-phase chromatography, wherein the mobile phase was 0.1 M TEAA and acetonitrile. DMTr was removed using a 3%trifluoroacetic acid solution. The target oligonucleotide was collected and then lyophilized, identified as the target product by LC-MS, and quantified by UV (260 nm) .
[0235] The obtained single-stranded oligonucleotides were annealed according to the complementary pairing in the equimolar ratio to finally obtain the double-stranded siRNAs as shown in Table 1-4. The double-stranded siRNA was dissolved in 1×PBS and adjusted to the concentration required for the experiment.
[0236] 2.2 Synthesis of GalNAc-siRNA conjugate
[0237] GalNAc was linked at the 3’ end of a sense strand. The specific operations are as follows (a or b) :
[0238] a. GalNAc (taking L96 for example) was linked to a resin, and starting from the resin, nucleoside monomers were linked one by one in the 3’ -5’ direction according to a nucleotide arrangement sequence.
[0239] b. GalNAc monomer (taking QLR-15 for example) was used as common phosphoramidite monomer. Starting from universal CPG carrier, nucleoside monomers were linked one by one in the 3’ -5’ direction according to a nucleotide arrangement sequence.
[0240] Each linking of a nucleoside monomer involved a four-step reaction of deprotection, coupling, capping, and oxidation or vulcanization, which were conventional operations in the art, see section “Synthesis of siRNA” for details. The GalNAc-conjugated siRNA conjugates were obtained.
[0241] It should be noted that L96 / QLR-15 was provided as an exemplary ligand. On the basis of known ligand-related technologies in the art, those skilled in the art can also choose other ligands other than L96 to be conjugated with the modified siRNAs in Table 2-4 as long as the ligands have properties similar to those of L96 that can promote the delivery of an iRNA preparation to the liver.
[0242] Table 1 Unmodified Sense and Antisense Strand of tested dsRNA
[0243] Table 2 Modified Sense and Antisense strand sequences of m / r TTR dsRNAAgents
[0244] Table 3 Modified Sense and Antisense strand sequences of m / h C3 dsRNAAgents
[0245] Table 4 Modified Sense and Antisense strand sequences of m / r ANGPTL3 dsRNAAgents
[0246] Abbreviations in sequences
[0247] Example 3. Validation of In Vitro Activity of siRNA Conjugates in Cell Lines
[0248] HEK-293T cells were obtained from the ATCC cell bank. The cells were cultured in an incubator at 37℃with 5%CO2. The HEK-293T cell culture medium contained a cell culture medium (DMEM, Gibco-11965092; 10%serum, Gibco-10099-141; 100 units / mL penicillin and 100μg / mL streptomycin, Gibco-15140122; 1%non-essential amino acid solution, Gibco-11140050; 1%GlutaMAX, Gibco-35050061) .
[0249] The mouse SOD1 plasmid was transfected into HEK293T cells. Six hours after transfection, the cells were digested, seeded into a 96-well plate at a density of 1.5×104 cells / well, and then directly transfected with siRNAs. The transfection with the siRNA conjugates was performed using LipofectamineTM RNAiMAX (Invitrogen, 13778500) transfection reagent on the basis of the description.
[0250] 48 h after transfection, the cells were lysed, and the knockdown effect of mSOD1 mRNA was checked. mRNA was extracted using Thermofisher Kingfisher and auxiliary agents thereof (Thermofisher, 5400930) . The SOD1 mRNA levels were quantified using a TaqMan FastTM1-step premix (Applied Biosystems, 4444434) , human GAPDH, and a mouse SOD1 taqman probe, and the SOD1 mRNA expression was standardized on the basis of the GAPDH mRNA expression. Normalization was performed on the basis of the results of the PBS group, the relative expression of the target gene was represented by 2-ΔΔCT, and the calculation formula was as follows:
[0251] ΔCT=average Ct value of target gene (SOD1) -average Ct value of reference gene (GAPDH) ;
[0252] ΔΔCT=ΔCT (administration group) -ΔCT (PBS control group) ;
[0253] Relative expression of mRNA=2-ΔΔCT.
[0254] Huh7 cells were cultured in an incubator at 37℃ with 5%CO2, and the Huh7 cell culture medium contained a cell culture medium (DMEM, Gibco-11965092; 10%serum, Gibco-10099-141; 100 units / mL penicillin and 100μg / mL streptomycin, Gibco-15140122) . The Huh7 cells were digested, seeded into a 96-well plate at a density of 1.5×104 cells / well, and then directly transfected with siRNAs. The transfection with the siRNA conjugates was performed using LipofectamineTM RNAiMAX (Invitrogen, 13778500) transfection reagent on the basis of the description. 48 h after transfection, the cells were lysed, and the knockdown effect of target gene mRNA was checked. mRNA was extracted using Thermofisher Kingfisher and auxiliary agents thereof (Thermofisher, 5400930) . The mRNA levels were quantified using a TaqMan FastTM1-step premix (Applied Biosystems, 4444434) , human GAPDH, and human C3, CFB, TTR, ANGPTL3, PCSK9, XDH, INHBE, and TMPRSS6 taqman probes, and the mRNA expression of target gene was standardized on the basis of the GAPDH mRNA expression. Normalization was performed on the basis of the results of the PBS group, the relative expression of the target gene was represented by 2-ΔΔCT, and the calculation formula was as follows:
[0255] ΔCT=average Ct value of target gene-average Ct value of reference gene (GAPDH) ;
[0256] ΔΔCT=ΔCT (administration group) -ΔCT (PBS control group) ;
[0257] Relative expression of mRNA=2-ΔΔCT.
[0258] The experimental results show that in HEK-293T and Huh7 cells, the inhibition IC50 values of the GalNAc-siRNAs described in Tables 2-4 above of the present invention against mRNA of SOD1, C3, CFB, TTR, ANGPTL3, PCSK9, XDH, INHBE, and TMPRSS6 are all in the range of0.01-100 nM.
[0259] Example 4. Evaluation of Efficacy of siRNAs in Primary Human Hepatocytes by Free Uptake Experiment
[0260] Primary human hepatocytes are cells very close to human physiology and cannot be passaged. ASGPR is a ligand of GalNAc in the liver. The surface of primary human hepatocytes, like human livers, expresses a lot ofASGPR. The fully modified siRNAs were selected and allowed to enter primary human hepatocytes by free uptake, and whether the siRNAs could enter liver cells by free uptake and exert their inhibition effect on the targets was tested.
[0261] On day 0, cryopreserved primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) were thawed, the PHHs were adjusted to an appropriate density, and then the PHHs were seeded in a 96-well plate. While the cells were being seeded, siRNAs were added to the cells by free uptake, and compound-free control wells were set. The test siRNAs were tested at 8 concentration points in triplicate; 200 nM was selected as the highest concentration, and gradient dilution at a ratio of 1: 3 was performed. 48 hours after free uptake, cells were collected to extract RNA. The mRNAs of the C3, CFB, TTR, ANGPTL3, PCSK9, XDH, INHBE, and TMPRSS6 genes in the samples were detected by RT-PCR. GAPDH, used as a reference gene, was also measured.
[0262] The relative expression of the target gene was represented by 2-ΔΔCT, and the calculation formula was as follows:
[0263] ΔCT=average Ct value of target gene-average Ct value of reference gene;
[0264] ΔΔCT=ΔCT (administration group) -ΔCT (PBS control group) ;
[0265] Relative expression of mRNA=2-ΔΔCT.
[0266] The experimental results show that in primary human hepatocytes, the inhibition IC50 values of the GalNAc-siRNAs described in Tables 2-4 above of the present invention against C3, CFB, TTR, ANGPTL3, PCSK9, XDH, INHBE, and TMPRSS6 are all in the range of0.01-100 nM.
[0267] Example 5 Evaluation of pharmacodynamics (PD) of novel GalNAc in vivo
[0268] 5.1 Protocol
[0269] CD-1 mice were dosed subcutaneously with validated TTR, C3 or ANGPTL3 sequences conjugated with novel GalNAc and taken down 7, 14, 28 or 42-day post-dose to evaluate the percent of mRNA knockdown in the livers and the amount of target protein in serum of the mice. The percent knockdown of target mRNA in the liver was measured using RT-qPCR.
[0270] In brief, liver tissues were lysed and homogenized by TissueLyser III (Qiagen, 9003240) . RNA was extracted by KingFisher Apex purification systems (ThermoFisher, 5400930) using MagMAXTM mirVanaTM Total RNA isolation kit (Applied Biosystems, A27828) . TaqMan FastTM Virus 1-Step Master Mix (Applied Biosystems, 4444434) , mouse TTR, ANGPTL3, C3 and GAPDH taqman probes were used for RT-qPCR to quantify mRNA expression.
[0271] Normalization was performed on the basis of the results of the PBS group, the relative expression of the target gene was represented by 2-ΔΔCT, and the calculation formula was as follows:
[0272] ΔCT=average Ct value of target gene-average Ct value of reference gene (GAPDH) ;
[0273] ΔΔCT=ΔCT (administration group) -ΔCT (PBS control group) ;
[0274] Relative expression of mRNA=2-ΔΔCT
[0275] Table 5 Primers used for RT-PCR
[0276] The amount of target protein in serum was evaluated by commercially available ELISA kits according to manufacturer protocols. Normalization was performed on the basis of the results of PBS group on day 14 (or other time points) or pre-dose target protein level in serum of individual animal.
[0277] Table 6 ELISA kits used for protein knockdown evaluation
[0278] 5.2 In vivo silencing of TTR with novel GalNAc conjugated siRNAs
[0279] 5.2.1 Experimental design part 1
[0280] Results from qPCR and ELISA show QLR7B (QLAD-1324) has comparable activities as the control (L96, QLAD-0364) . (FIGS. 1 and 2) .
[0281] 5.2.2 Experimental design part 2
[0282] Results show QLR15 (QLAD-2508) and QLR17 (QLAD-2509) have better activities than the control (L96, QLAD-0364) (FIGS. 3-6) .
[0283] 5.2.3 Experimental design part 3
[0284] Results from qPCR show, QLR-8 (QLAD-1325) , QLR-12 (QLAD-1326) have comparable activities as the control (L96, QLAD-0364) on day 7 (FIG 7) .
[0285] 5.3 In vivo silencing of C3 with novel GalNAc conjugated siRNAs
[0286] Experimental design
[0287] Results from ELISA show QLR7A-1 (QLAD-1309) , QLR-7B (QLAD-1310) , QLR-8 (QLAD-1311) and QLR-12 (QLAD-1312) show comparable or better activities as the control (L96, QLAD-1074) on day 7 (FIG 8) .
[0288] 5.4 In vivo silencing of ANGPTL3 with novel GalNAc conjugated siRNAs
[0289] Experimental design
[0290] Results from qPCR and ELISA show QLR-7B (QLAD2404) , QLR15 (QLAD-2413) have comparable or slightly better activities than the control(L96,QLAD-2385)(FIGS. 9 and 10) .
Claims
1.A conjugate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the conjugate has a structure shown in formula (I) :(A-E) n-G-J (I) ,n is 1 or 3,(i) when n is 1,A is the following structure:E is-Q3-T3-Y3-,G is G1, and G1 is the following structure:wherein, the nitrogen atom is connected to E, and the oxygen atom and X2 are connected to J,X1 is selected from-OR1, -NHR1, -N (R1) 2, -SR1, or-SSR1,X2 is selected from-O-, -NR1-, -S-, or-SS-,provided that when G is formula (III-3) , Ais formula (II-2) ,(ii) when n is 3,A-E is M4-Q4-T4-Y4-,G is G2, and G2 is the following structure:wherein, the nitrogen atom is connected to E, and the oxygen atom is connected to J,M1, M2 and M4, are independently selected from mono-or multivalent GalNAc residues or their analogs, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Y1, and Y2 are independently selected from absent, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -NR2-, -O-CO-, -NR2-CO-, -CO-O-or-CO-NR2-,Y3 and Y4 is independently selected from absent, -CO-, and-S (O) 2-,T1, T2, T3 and T4 are independently selected from straight or branched C1-30 alkylene, wherein, one or more of -CH2-in the alkylene is optionally replaced by-O-, -S-, -CO-, -NR3-, -O-CO-, -NR3-CO-, -CO-O-or -CO-NR3-,R1, R2 and R3 are independently selected from H, C1-10 alkyl, C1-10 haloalkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C3-10 halocycloalkyl, C2-10 alkenyl, C2-10 haloalkenyl, C2-10 alkynyl, or C2-10 haloalkynyl,J is -P (X) (XH) -nucleic acid, wherein the nucleic acid includes oligonucleotide and polynucleotide, X is independently O or S.2.The conjugate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereofaccording claim 1, wherein said conjugate has a structure shown in below formula: wherein, M1, M2, M4, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, T1, T2, T3, T4, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, J, and X are as defined in claim 1.3.The conjugate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereofaccording any one ofclaims 1-2, wherein said M1,M2, and M4 have a structure shown in the below formula: wherein, R4 is independently selected from H, or hydroxy protecting group (e.g., acetyl) , and R5 is independently selected from H, or amine protecting group (e.g., acetyl) .4.The conjugate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according any one of claims 1-3, wherein, said Q1, Q2, and Q4 are independently selected from-O-, -S-, or-NH-, and preferably are O; Q3 is-NH-CO-, -CO-NH-, -O-CO-, or-CO-O-, and preferably is-NH-CO-.5.The conjugate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according any one of claims 1-3, wherein, said T1, T2, T3, and T4 are independently selected from: wherein, m, q, r, and s are independently an integer from 0 to 10,and preferably,T1 and T2 areT3 isT4 ism,q, r, and s are 0, 1, or 2.6.The conjugate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereofaccording any one of claims 1-5, wherein Y1 and Y2 are independently selected from-O-, -S-, or-NH-, and preferably are O,Y3 and Y4 is-CO-.7.The conjugate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereofaccording any one ofclaims 1-6, wherein said conjugate has a structure shown in below formula: wherein, R4 is independently selected from H, hydroxy protecting group (e.g., acetyl) ,R5 is independently selected from H, amine protecting group, (e.g., acetyl) ,X is independently O or S,Nu is a nucleic acid, and it includes oligonucleotide and polynucleotide,m, q, r, and s are independently an integer from 0 to 10, and preferably are 0, 1, or 2.8.The conjugate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereofaccording any one ofclaims 1-7, wherein said conjugate has a structure shown in below formula: wherein, Nu is a nucleic acid, and it includes oligonucleotide and polynucleotide.9.A compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is as shown in formula (I’ ) :(A’ -E) n-G’ -L (I’ ) ,n is 1 or 3,(i) when n is 1,A’is the following structure:E is-Q3-T3-Y3-,G’is the following structure:wherein, the nitrogen atom is connected to E, and the oxygen atom and X2 is connected to L;R6 and R7 are selected from H orX2 and X3 are selected from-O-, -NR1-, -S-, and-SS-;L is L1, and L1 is selected from H, hydroxyl protecting group, amine protecting group, or thiol protecting group;provided that when G’ is formula (III’ -3) , A’ is formula (II’ -2) ,(ii) when n is 3,A’-E is M4’ -Q4-T4-Y4-,G’is the following structure:wherein, the nitrogen atom is connected to E, and the oxygen atom is connected to L;R8 is a cyano-substituted C1-6 alkyl, and preferably is cyanoethyl (CN- (CH2) 2-) ;R9 and R10 are each independently C1-6 alkyl group, and preferably are isopropyl;L is L2, and L2 is selected from H, hydroxyl protecting group,M1’ M2’a nd M4’ , are independently selected from mono-or multivalent GalNAc residues or their analogs;Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Y1, and Y2 are independently selected from absent, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -NR2-, -O-CO-, -NR2-CO-, -CO-O-or-CO-NR2-,Y3 and Y4 is independently selected from absent, -CO-, and-S (O) 2-,T1, T2, T3 and T4 are independently selected from straight or branched C1-30 alkylene, wherein, one or more of -CH2-in the alkylene is optionally replaced by-O-, -S-, -CO-, -NR3-, -O-CO-, -NR3-CO-, -CO-O-or -CO-NR3-,R1, R2, and R3 are independently selected from H, C1-10 alkyl, C1-10 haloalkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C3-10 halocycloalkyl, C2-10 alkenyl, C2-10 haloalkenyl, C2-10 alkynyl, or C2-10 haloalkynyl.10.The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according claim 9, wherein said compound has a structure shown in below formula: wherein, M1’ , M2’ , M4’ , Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, T1, T2, T3, T4, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, R6, R7, R8, R9, and R10 are as defined in claim 9, L1 and L2 are selected from H, or hydroxyl protecting group.11.The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according any one of claims 9-10, wherein said M1’ , M2’ , and M4’ have a structure shown in the below formula: wherein, R4’ is independently selected from H, or hydroxy protecting group (e.g., acetyl) , and R5’ is independently selected from H, or amine protecting group, (e.g., acetyl) .12.The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according any one of claims 9-11, wherein said Q1, Q2, and Q4, are independently selected from-O-, -S-, or-NH-, and preferably are O; Q3 is-NH-CO-, -CO-NH-, -O-CO-, or-CO-O-; preferably are-NH-CO-.13.The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according any one of claims 9-12, wherein T1, T2, T3, and T4 are independently selected from: wherein, m, q, r, and s are independently an integer from 0 to 10,and preferably,T1, and T2 areT3 isT4 ism,q, r, and s are 0, 1, or 2.14.The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according any one of claims 9-13, wherein Y1 and Y2 are independently selected from-O-, -S-, or-NH-, and preferably are O;Y3 and Y4 is-CO-.15.The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according any one of claims 9-14, wherein said compound has a structure shown in below formula: wherein, R4'is independently selected from H, hydroxy protecting group (e.g., acetyl) ,R5'is independently selected from H, amine protecting group, (e.g., acetyl) ,R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, L1, L2 are as defined in any one of claims 9-14,m, q, r, and s are independently an integer from 0 to 10, and preferably are 0, 1, or 2.16.The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according any one of claims 9-15, wherein said compound has a structure shown in below formula: 17.A pharmaceutical composition comprising a conjugate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described in any one ofclaims 1-8, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.18.The pharmaceutical composition according claim 17, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered through subcutaneous or intravenous.19.A method to deliver a nucleic acid (eg., polynucleotide or oligonucleotide) to the liver of an animal comprising administering a conjugate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described in any one of claims 1-8, or a pharmaceutical composition as described in any one ofclaims 17-18, to the animal.20.The method according to claim 19, wherein the nucleic acid is selected from siRNA, ASO, miRNA and saRNA; preferably, the nucleic acid is siRNA.21.A method of inhibiting the expression of a target gene in a liver cell, the method comprising contacting the cell with a conjugate of any of claims 1-8 or a pharmaceutical composition as described in any one of claims 17-18.22.The method according to claim 21, wherein the target gene is selected from PCSK9, APOC3, ANGPTL3, TTR, LPA, AGT, HSD17β13, PNPLA3, KHK, INHBE, C3, C5, CFB, AAT, HBV gene, FX, FXI, FXII, TMPRSS6, ALAS1, HAO1, PLG, PRODH2, DPP4, XDH, GPAM, MTARC1, CPB2, etc.23.A method for preventing and / or treating disease, comprising administering a conjugate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described in any one of claims 1-8, or a pharmaceutical composition as described in any one ofclaims 17-18.24.The method according to claim 23, wherein the disease is selected from liver disease (e.g., fatty liver, steatohepatitis) , dyslipidemia (e.g., hyperlipidemia, high LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, postprandial hypertriglyceridemia) , disorders ofglycemic control (e.g., insulin resistance, diabetes) , cardiovascular disease (e.g., hypertension, endothelial cell dysfunction) , kidney disease (e.g., acute kidney disorder, tubular dysfunction, proinflammatory changes to the proximal tubules) , metabolic syndrome, adipocyte dysfunction, visceral adipose deposition, obesity, hyperuricemia, gout, eating disorders, and excessive sugar craving.