Terminal, radio communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a control unit that determines a path loss or a path loss reference signal for physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission power control on the basis of the type of PRACH transmission initiation and the number of PRACHs to be transmitted; and a transmitting unit that transmits the PRACHs using a transmission power determined on the basis of the path loss or the path loss reference signal. According to the one aspect of the present disclosure, appropriate PRACH transmission can be achieved.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station 【0001】 This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems. 【0002】 In the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified with the aim of achieving even higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Literature 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified with the aim of further increasing the capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®) Release (Rel.) 8, 9). 【0003】 Successor systems to LTE (for example, 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later) are also being considered. 【0004】 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010 【0005】 In future wireless communication systems (e.g., NR, 6G, etc.), it is being considered that terminals (user terminals, User Equipment (UE)) will communicate using different unit areas (e.g., more transmit / receive points (TRPs) / access points (APs)) than existing cells. 【0006】Furthermore, in future wireless communication systems, it is being considered that PRACH transmissions will be associated with multiple SSB indices / TRPs. 【0007】 However, in this case, there is insufficient consideration of how to determine the PL-RS for PRACH transmission power control. If this consideration is insufficient, proper operation of PRACH transmission may not be achieved, and improvements in communication quality / throughput may be suppressed. 【0008】 Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can achieve appropriate PRAC transmission. 【0009】 A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a control unit that determines a path loss or path loss reference signal for PRACH transmit power control based on the type of initiation of physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission and the number of PRACHs to be transmitted, and a transmitting unit that transmits PRACHs using the transmit power determined based on the path loss or path loss reference signal. 【0010】 According to one aspect of this disclosure, appropriate PRAC transmission can be achieved. 【0011】 Figures 1A-1C show an example of a hypothetical cell-free configuration. Figure 2 shows an example of application of each embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Figure 4 shows an example of a base station configuration according to one embodiment. Figure 5 shows an example of a user terminal configuration according to one embodiment. Figure 6 shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 7 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. 【0012】 (Cell-free) Existing wireless communication systems (e.g., 5G NR) employ a cellular system in which, in principle, one antenna / TRP forms one cell. The area formed by such a cell is fixed / static. 【0013】Furthermore, existing wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 16 and later) have introduced Distributed Multi Input Multi Output (Distributed MIMO, for example, multi-TRP using multiple transmit / receive points (TRPs)) to form a communication area through the coverage of multiple antennas / TRPs. Distributed MIMO allows for simultaneous communication using multiple antennas / TRPs, as well as communication using a single antenna / TRP. 【0014】 By adopting distributed MIMO, a more favorable line-of-sight environment can be established, and MIMO performance can be improved. 【0015】 In co-located MIMO, one UE communicates with one antenna / TRP. 【0016】 On the other hand, in distributed MIMO, one UE communicates with multiple coordinated antennas / TRPs. 【0017】 In future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 20 and beyond), the introduction of self-free communication is being considered with the aim of further improving performance and energy efficiency through reducing interference between multiple antennas / TRPs, creating a line-of-sight environment that supports the use of high frequencies, improving the overall frequency utilization efficiency of the system, and applying equal and high-quality communication to each user. 【0018】Selfly may also be called selfly massive MIMO (mMIMO) or large-scale distributed MIMO (D-MIMO). Selfly uses coherent coordination of a large number of access points. Selfly may include at least one of the following: ultra-dense deployment, scalable cooperation, user-centric clustering, supercarrier aggregation, or analog fronthaul. The user plane for selfly may have more flexible scheduling than existing scheduling. The control plane for selfly may maintain several forms of cells to facilitate signaling. 【0019】 In cell-free systems, unlike conventional cellular systems, a single area (which may also be called a cell or subcell) may be formed by multiple antennas / TRPs. In other words, this area may mean a cell that is independent of the antenna's position. 【0020】 In self-free systems, the set of antennas / TRPs used for area formation may be changed according to the needs of the user audience (UE). For example, the set of antennas / TRPs may be changed based on factors other than antenna / TRP coverage, such as the number of UEs, traffic volume, or communication purpose (e.g., initial access, data communication, measurement, reporting, etc.). 【0021】 In other words, in a self-free setup, coverage between multiple antennas / TRPs may overlap. 【0022】 In a cell-free configuration, the direction in which each antenna / TRP transmits a synchronization signal (which may be called, for example, a synchronization signal block (SSB), a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block, etc.) may be controlled. 【0023】Furthermore, in a self-free system, the central unit (CU) and distributed unit (DU) may be virtualized for each antenna / TRP. Alternatively, each antenna / TRP may be managed by the CU alone. 【0024】 In existing cellular systems, each antenna / TRP forms a cell, and the UE communicates based on that cell. 【0025】 On the other hand, in a cell-free system, the installed antennas / TRPs do not form fixed / static cells in a cellular system. For example, in a cell-free system, one or more antennas / TRPs form areas depending on the conditions. Therefore, in a cell-free system, each antenna / TRP does not have to correspond to the same physical cell ID, and areas between multiple antennas / TRPs may overlap. 【0026】 Self-reliance may be achieved, for example, by adjusting a set of antennas / TRPs controlled by a central control unit (e.g., a CU). 【0027】 In a cell-free system, a first cell (which may be called a cell / supercell / macrocell / large cell, etc.) with a fixed physical range, similar to a cell in a 5G NR system, and a second cell (which may be called a subcell / area / microcell / cell / small cell / second cell within a first cell, etc.) whose physical range changes quasi-statically / dynamically based on conditions, may be formed. For example, the first cell may be called a supercell to distinguish it from the second cell. If a supercell consists of multiple second cells, the second cells may have the same definition / operation / coverage as existing cells in NR. For example, the second cells may be called subcells to distinguish them from the first cell. If a supercell or cell consists of multiple subcells, the subcells may have the same definition / operation / coverage as existing cells in NR. 【0028】The first cell may be a newly defined cell in a future wireless communication system, or the definition of a cell in an existing wireless communication system may be reused. 【0029】 The configurations of the first cell and the second cell can be considered in the following assumptions 1 and 2: Assumption 1: The first cell is composed of a plurality of TRPs having one cell ID (physical cell ID (PCI)). The plurality of TRPs can perform coordinated transmission and reception. Assumption 2: The first cell is composed of a plurality of TRPs (or sub-cells) having different cell IDs. The plurality of TRPs / sub-cells can perform coordinated transmission and reception. 【0030】 FIG. 1A is a diagram showing an example of Assumption 1 of the cell-free configuration. In this example, each TRP included in the first cell (super cell / cell) has the same PCI (PCI#0). The plurality of TRPs can communicate with one UE in a coordinated manner. 【0031】 FIG. 1B is a diagram showing an example of Assumption 2 of the cell-free configuration. In this example, each TRP included in the first cell (super cell / cell) has a different PCI (PCI#0 to #9). The plurality of TRPs can communicate with one UE in a coordinated manner. 【0032】 FIG. 1C is a diagram showing an example of a variation of Assumption 2 of the cell-free configuration. In this example, a PCI is assigned to each TRP included in the first cell (super cell / cell). In the variation of Assumption 2, unlike Assumption 2, the same one PCI may correspond to a plurality of TRPs. The plurality of TRPs can communicate with one UE in a coordinated manner. The plurality of TRPs associated with the same PCI may be included in one cell. 【0033】Transmission / reception involving cooperation between TRP / subcells may be based on at least one of the following several methods supported in NR. ◇ Single TRP / subcell transmission (single TRP transmission) involving dynamic TRP / subcell switching. ◇ Joint transmission using multiple TRP / subcells (multi-TRP joint transmission). The joint transmission may be based on single DCI or multi-DCI. The joint transmission may be non-coherent joint transmission (NCJT) or coherent joint transmission (CJT). 【0034】 For self-free, assuming an ideal backhaul and close cooperation, in the joint transmission method, CJT may be prioritized over NCJT, and single DCI-based joint transmission may be prioritized over multi-DCI-based joint transmission. 【0035】 Self-free can realize large-scale distributed MIMO, low-layer (e.g., L2 / L1) mobility, and flexible TRP clustering. For example, when applied to ultra-high density TRPs, cell / TRP clustering for mobility / control and data can be separable. 【0036】 Characteristics of self-free include, for example, the following. ・ The TRP placement density per cell can be increased. This can improve the Signal-Noise Ratio (SNR) in all UEs including the conventional cell edge area. ・ Flexible (e.g., UE-centric) TRP clustering for cell construction can be realized. This can reduce the number of UEs affected by inter-cell / inter-TRP interference. ・ Mobility in the lower layer can be realized. Since more TRPs can be considered in one clustering, seamless movement by operation at the L1 level, for example, becomes possible. 【0037】 Regarding self-free, the following concept 1 or 2 may be applied. 【0038】<Concept 1> Selfly targets the selection of multiple TRPs / access points (APs), and transmission / reception with TRPs / APs is limited to data only (e.g., PDSCH / PUSCH) (e.g., at the physical / MAC layer). In this case, there is no significant impact on cell selection, initial access, or mobility compared to existing methods. LTM (L1 / L2-triggered mobility, e.g., LTM prior to Rel. 18) may be reusable, or LTM functionality may be enhanced. L1 measurement / reporting or enhanced SRS transmission may be performed for the selection of multiple TRPs / APs, CSI measurement / reporting or enhanced SRS transmission for CSI of TRPs / APs with different clusterings, etc. 【0039】 <Concept 2> The selection of multiple TRP / APs and transmission / reception with TRP / APs applies to both control channels / signals (e.g., in RRC) and data (e.g., PDSCH / PUSCH) (e.g., in the physical / MAC layer). 【0040】 In this case, compared to existing methods, there are impacts on cell selection, initial access, and mobility, in addition to the measurement / reporting of L1 / CSI for data in Concept 1. For example, since the UE needs to access multiple TRP / APs during initial access, the SSB / SI / RACH also needs to be redesigned. 【0041】 When clustering multiple TRP / APs for control channels / signals and data, the clustering method (e.g., TRP / APs within the cluster) may be the same or different. In this case, potential impacts may arise when clustering is performed on multiple DU / CUs located in geographically different locations. 【0042】(Initial Access Procedure) In the initial access procedure for NR, the UE (RRC_IDLE mode) receives the SS / PBCH block (SSB), sends Msg1 (PRACH / Random Access Preamble / Preamble), receives Msg2 (PDCCH, PDSCH including Random Access Response (RAR)), sends Msg3 (PUSCH scheduled by the RAR UL grant), and receives Msg4 (PDCCH, PDSCH including UE contention resolution identity). Subsequently, when the UE sends an ACK for Msg4 by the base station (network), the RRC connection is established (RRC_CONNECTED mode). 【0043】 SSB reception includes PSS detection, SSS detection, PBCH-DMRS detection, and PBCH reception. PSS detection involves detecting a portion of the physical cell ID (PCI), detecting (synchronizing) OFDM symbol timing, and (coarse) frequency synchronization. SSS detection includes detecting the physical cell ID. PBCH-DMRS detection includes detecting a portion of the SSB index within a half-radio frame (5ms). PBCH reception includes detecting the system frame number (SFN) and radio frame timing (SSB index), receiving configuration information for receiving remaining minimum system information (RMSI, SIB1), and determining whether a UE can camp in that cell (carrier). 【0044】 SSB has a bandwidth of 20 RB and a duration of 4 symbols. The transmission period for SSB can be set from {5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160} ms. Within a half frame, multiple symbol positions for SSB are defined based on the frequency range (FR1, FR2). 【0045】 A PBCH has a 56-bit payload. N repetitions of the PBCH are transmitted within an 80ms period. N depends on the SSB transmission period. 【0046】System information consists of MIB (Monitoring Information Box) carried by PBCH, RMSI (SIB1), and other system information (OSI). SIB1 contains information for RACH configuration and RA procedures. The time / frequency resource relationship between the SSB and the PDCCH monitoring resource for SIB1 is set by PBCH. 【0047】 A base station using beam correspondence transmits multiple SSBs using multiple beams for each SSB transmission cycle. Each of the multiple SSBs has multiple SSB indices. When a UE detects one SSB, it transmits a PRACH in the PRACH occasion (RACH occasion, RO) associated with that SSB index and receives a RAR in the RAR window. 【0048】 (PDCCH Order) DCI format 1_0 includes a DCI format identifier field, a bit field that is always set to 1, and a frequency domain resource assignment field. When the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of DCI format 1_0 is scrambled by cell(C)-RNTI and all frequency domain resource assignment fields are 1, then that DCI format 1_0 is for random access procedures initiated by the PDCCH order, and the remaining fields are the random access preamble, UL / supplementary Uplink (SUL) indicator, SS / PBCH index (SSB index), PRACH mask index, and reserved bits (12 bits). 【0049】For a PRACH transmission triggered by a PDCCH order, the PRACH mask index field indicates the PRACH occasion (RACH occasion, RO) of the PRACH transmission associated with the SS / PBCH block index indicated by the SS / PBCH block index field of the PDCCH order, provided the value of the random access preamble index field is non-zero. 【0050】 (Random Access Preamble) For a Type 1 random access procedure (a 4-step RA type, an RA procedure using messages 1 / 2 / 3 / 4), the UE may apply the number of SS / PBCH blocks N associated with a single PRACH occasion (RACH occasion, RO) and the number of CB preambles R per valid PRACH occasion and per SS / PBCH block by ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB. 【0051】 In a Type 2 random access procedure (a two-step RA type, an RA procedure using messages A / B) with a common PRACH occasion setting with a Type 1 random access procedure, the UE is provided with the number N of SS / PBCH block indices associated with a single PRACH occasion by ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB, and the number Q of contention-based preambles per SS / PBCH block indices per valid PRACH occasion by msgA-CB-PreamblesPerSSB-PerSharedRO. A PRACH transmission may occur on a subset of PRACH occasions associated with the same SS / PBCH block indices within an SSB-RO mapping cycle, provided the UE is provided with a PRACH mask index by msgA-SSB-SharedRO-MaskIndex. 【0052】In a Type 2 random access procedure involving the setting of a PRACH occasion separate from a Type 1 random access procedure, the UE is provided with the number N of SS / PBCH block indexes associated with one PRACH occasion, and if msgA-CB-PreamblesPerSSB-PerSharedRO is provided, thereby the number R of CB preambles per valid PRACH occasion and per SS / PBCH block index; otherwise, ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB provides the number R of contention-based preambles per valid PRACH occasion and per SS / PBCH block index. 【0053】 In the random access procedure associated with the feature combinations shown by FeatureCombinationPreambles, the UE is provided with the number of SS / PBCH block indices associated with a single PRACH occasion, if ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB or msgA-ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB is provided, by which the UE is provided with the number of SS / PBCH block indices associated with a single PRACH occasion, and the number of CB preambles per SS / PBCH block indices per valid PRACH occasion is provided by startPreambleForThisPartition and numberOfPreamblesPerSSB-ForThisPartition. A PRACH transmission may occur on a subset of PRACH occasions associated with the same SS / PBCH block indices within an SSB-RO mapping cycle, for a UE provided with a PRACH mask index by ssb-SharedRO-MaskIndex. 【0054】For a Type 1 random access procedure or a Type 2 random access procedure with a PRACH occasion configuration independent of the Type 1 random access procedure, if N < 1, one SS / PBCH block is mapped to 1 / N consecutive valid PRACH occasions, and R CB preambles with consecutive indexes associated with the SS / PBCH block index for each valid PRACH occasion start from preamble index 0. If N >= 1, R CB preambles with consecutive indexes associated with the SS / PBCH block index n (0 <= n <= N - 1) for each valid PRACH occasion start from preamble index n * N preamble total / N. Here, N preamble total is given by totalNumberOfRA-Preambles for a Type 1 random access procedure and by msgA-TotalNumberOfRA-Preambles for a Type 2 random access procedure with a PRACH occasion configuration independent of the Type 1 random access procedure. N preamble total is a multiple of N. 【0055】 Starting from frame 0, the association period for mapping the SS / PBCH block to the PRACH occasion is the minimum value within a set determined by the PRACH configuration period according to the relationship (the relationship specified in the specification) between the PRACH configuration period and the association period (the number of PRACH configuration periods) such that at least once within that association period, the SS / PBCH block index of N Tx SSB is mapped to the PRACH occasion. Here, the UE determines N from the value of ssb-PositionsInBurst within SIB1 or within ServingCellConfigCommon Tx SSBIf, after an integer number of mapping cycles from SS / PBCH block index to PRACH occasion within the relevant period, N Tx SSB If there is a set of PRACH occasions or PRACH preambles that do not map to any SS / PBCH block index, then no SS / PBCH block index maps to that set of PRACH occasions or PRACH preambles. An association pattern period is determined to include one or more association periods such that the pattern between a PRACH occasion and an SS / PBCH block index repeats at most every 160 ms. If, after an integer number of association periods, there is a PRACH occasion that is not associated with an SS / PBCH block index, then that PRACH occasion is not used for PRACH. 【0056】 For PRACH transmissions triggered by higher layers (PRACH transmissions not triggered by PDCCH orders), if an ssb-ResourceList is provided, the PRACH mask index is indicated by ra-ssb-OccasionMaskIndex. This ra-ssb-OccasionMaskIndex indicates the PRACH occasion for the PRACH transmission associated with the selected SS / PBCH block index. 【0057】 PRACH occasions are mapped sequentially for each corresponding SS / PBCH block index. The indexing of PRACH occasions, indicated by the mask index value, is reset after each consecutive mapping cycle of PRACH occasions for each SS / PBCH block index. In the first available mapping cycle, the UE selects the PRACH occasion indicated by the PRACH mask index value for the specified SS / PBCH block index for PRACH transmission. 【0058】For a given preamble index, the order of PRACH occasions is as follows: • Firstly, in increasing order of frequency resource index for frequency-multiplexed PRACH occasions (within the same time resource index). • Secondly, in increasing order of time resource index for time-multiplexed PRACH occasions within a PRACH slot. • Thirdly, in ascending order of PRACH slot index. 【0059】 For PRACH transmissions triggered by requests from higher layers, if csirs-ResourceList is provided, the value of ra-OccasionList indicates a list of PRACH occasions for the PRACH transmission, and the PRACH occasions are associated with the CSI-RS index indicated and selected by csi-RS. The indexing of PRACH occasions indicated by ra-OccasionList is reset for each associated pattern period. 【0060】 For PRACH setting periods of 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 [msec], the associated periods are {1, 2, 4, 8, 16}, {1, 2, 4, 8}, {1, 2, 4}, {1, 2}, and {1}, respectively. 【0061】 The value of the PRACH mask index (msgA-SSB-SharedRO-MaskIndex) is associated with the allowed PRACH occasions for SSB (the value of the PRACH occasion index). 【0062】Whether a PRACH iteration can be applied to a scenario depends on the type of RA procedure triggered by different purposes. The type of RA procedure may be at least one of the following: • Contention-free random access (CFRA), PDCCH ordered RA (RA initiated by a PDCCH order), CFRA for beam failure recovery (BFR), CFRA for system information (SI) requests, CFRA for reconfiguration with sync, etc. • Contention-based random access (CBRA), RA triggered by a MAC entity, RA triggered by an RRC with an event, CBRA for BFR, etc. • 4-step RACH. • 2-step RACH. 【0063】 In this disclosure, the mapping cycle, the SSB-RO mapping cycle, and the mapping cycle from the SS / PBCH block index to the PRACH occasion may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. 【0064】 (PRACH transmit power control: Physical layer procedures for control / Uplink power control / Physical random access channel) The actual PRACH transmit power is determined based on the target preamble reception power, RS path loss, and maximum output power limit. 【0065】 Based on the DL RS for serving cell c within transmission occasion i, the UE determines the (actual) transmit power P of the carrier f of serving cell c on the active UL BWP b. PRACH,b,f,c (i) is determined as follows: P PRACH,b,f,c (i) = min{P CMAX,f,c (i), P PRACH,target,f,c +PL b,f,c} [dBm] 【0066】 PCMAX,f,c (i) is the maximum output power set to UE for the carrier f of serving cell c within transmission occasion i. PRACH,target,f,c This is the PRACH target received power PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER provided by the upper layer to the active UL BWP b of the carrier f of serving cell c. b,f,c This is the path loss of carrier f to active UL BWP b based on DL RS associated with PRACH transmission on serving cell c, and is calculated by UE as (reference signal power (ss-PBCH-BlockPower) [dBm] - upper layer filtered RSRP [dBm]) [dB]. If the active DL BWP is the initial DL BWP and is for multiplex pattern 2 or 3 of SS / PBCH block and CORESET, then UE is based on the SS / PBCH block associated with PRACH transmission, and is calculated by PL b,f,c To decide. 【0067】 The DL RS used in path loss calculation may also be called pathloss(PL)-RS, path loss reference RS, etc. 【0068】 In an existing RACH process (procedure), if the UE sends a PRACH and does not receive a network RAR or contention / conflict resolution Msg4 within a specific time window, and the random access process does not complete, the UE resends the PRACH after a random backoff period. 【0069】 Path loss is determined / calculated by PL-RS measurement. 【0070】 In NR, if the PRACH transmission is initiated by the UE (in other words, if the PRACH transmission is not triggered by the PDCCH order), the PL-RS is the SSB associated with the PRACH. 【0071】Furthermore, if a PRACH transmission is triggered by a PDCCH order and the PRACH is transmitted to the same TRP as the PDCCH order, then the PL-RS is a DL-RS that is QCLed (QCLed, or in a QCL relationship) with the PDCCH order. 【0072】 Furthermore, if a PRACH transmission is triggered by a PDCCH order, and the PRACH is transmitted to a TRP different from the PDCCH order, then PL-RS is the SSB indicated in the PDCCH order. 【0073】 (Analysis) Incidentally, in future wireless communication systems, it is being considered that PRACH transmission will be associated with multiple SSB [indexes] (which may also be called SSB sets) / TRPs (for example, in the cell-free configuration described above). 【0074】 However, in this case, there is insufficient consideration of how to determine the PL-RS for PRACH transmit power control. 【0075】 If this consideration is insufficient, it may not be possible to properly implement PRACH transmission, potentially hindering improvements in communication quality and throughput. 【0076】 Therefore, the inventors investigated a method for determining PL-RS for PRACH transmission power control and conceived the following embodiments. 【0077】 The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination. 【0078】 (Various Interpretations) In this disclosure, words enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding word (e.g., an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, or a supplementary explanation. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in square brackets [] may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or they may be interpreted as being excluded (ignored). Note that parentheses () and square brackets [] may be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above. 【0079】 In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C". 【0080】 In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and capable of operating may be interpreted interchangeably. 【0081】 In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Elements (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. 【0082】 In this disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages). 【0083】In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs). 【0084】 In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI). 【0085】 In this disclosure, A b The notations A_b, Ab, and A with a b placed to the lower right may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, A c The notation A^c, with a c superscripted above A, may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, A b c The notation A_b^c, where b is placed to the lower right of A and c is placed to the upper right of A, may be interpreted as being interchangeable. In this disclosure, x ~ x may be represented by placing a ~ above x, or it may be called x tilde. In this disclosure, x - x may be represented by placing a hyphen above it, or it may be called an x-bar. In this disclosure, x ＾ This can also be represented by placing a caret (^) above x, or it may be called an x-hat. 【0086】In this disclosure, FR may be at least one of, for example, FR1, FR2, FR2-1, FR2-2, FR3, subterahertz, and terahertz. In this disclosure, the frequency range corresponding to FR1 may be 410–7125 MHz. In this disclosure, FR2 may include FR2-1 and FR2-2, the frequency range corresponding to FR2-1 may be 24250–52600 MHz, and the frequency range corresponding to FR2-2 may be 52600–71000 MHz. 【0087】 In this disclosure, base station (BS), TRP, AP, gNB, and network (NW) may be interpreted as interchangeable. 【0088】 In this disclosure, receiving, detecting, monitoring, and selecting may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. 【0089】 In this disclosure, cell, area, coverage, first cell, and second cell may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, first cell, supercell, multiple TRP / AP, and set / group of TRP / AP may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, second cell, subcell, multiple TRP / AP / SSB / QCL assumptions, and set / group / subset / cluster of TRP / AP / SSB / QCL assumptions may be interpreted interchangeably. 【0090】 In this disclosure, QCL, QCL assumption, spatial relationship, TCI state, unified TCI state, joint TCI state, DL TCI state, UL TCI state, synchronization signal (index), SSB (index), DL RS (index), SSB corresponding to a specific RSRP, beam, TRP, AP, QCL information (qcl-Info), and QCL type A / B / C / D may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable. 【0091】In this disclosure, the RA / RACH / PRACH / preamble resources, (PRACH) preamble, occasion, RACH occasion (RO), PRACH occasion, (PRACH) time / frequency resources / instances / start position / number / size / width / index, and PRACH / preamble / mask settings / index may be interpreted as one another. 【0092】 In this disclosure, time instance, time occasion, time domain position, time position, PRACH occasion, PRACH slot, period, period / offset, symbol / slot / subframe / frame / time domain (index) may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, frequency instance, frequency occasion, frequency domain position, frequency position, subcarrier / RE / RB / CC / time domain (index) may be interpreted interchangeably. 【0093】 In this disclosure, Msg1 (Message 1, Msg.1), RACH, PRACH (preamble), and Random Access Preamble may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, Msg2 (Message 2, Msg.2), RAR, RAR PDSCH and at least one PDCCH scheduling it, and RAR UL Grant may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, Msg3 (Message 3, Msg.3), PUSCH carrying the RRC Setup Request message, and Msg3 PUSCH may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, Msg4 (Message 4, Msg.4), PDSCH carrying the RRC Setup message, Msg4 PDSCH, and PDSCH received after sending Msg3 PUSCH may be interpreted as interchangeable. 【0094】 In this disclosure, the terms synchronization signal (SS), PSS, SSS, PBCH, SSB, SS / PBCH block, SSB index, SS / PBCH block index, candidate SS / PBCH block index, CSI-RS, CSI-RS resource, and CSI-RS resource index may be interpreted as interchangeable. 【0095】 (Wireless communication method) Any cell-free (for example, using a different unit area from existing cells (as defined up to Rel. 19)) or cell-free related features may be set / enabled for the UE. 【0096】 The UE may be provided with a configuration of SSB sets (sets of SSB indices) for PRACH transmission. 【0097】 In this disclosure, one SSB set may include multiple SSB / SSB indexes. In this disclosure, an SSB set may be identified by an index of the SSB set. 【0098】 The UE may determine the PL / PL-RS used for PRACH transmit power control based on the type of PRACH transmit initiation / trigger (e.g., PRACH transmit initiated by the UE, or PRACH transmit triggered by a PDCCH order) and the number of PRACHs to transmit (e.g., whether to transmit one or more PRACHs). 【0099】 For example, the first embodiment may apply when the PRACH transmission is initiated by a UE and multiple PRACHs are transmitted. For example, the second embodiment may apply when the PRACH transmission is initiated by a UE and one PRACH is transmitted. For example, the third embodiment may apply when the PRACH transmission is triggered by a PDCCH order and multiple PRACHs are transmitted. For example, the fourth embodiment may apply when the PRACH transmission is triggered by a PDCCH order and one PRACH is transmitted (see Figure 2). 【0100】 The network may also transmit settings regarding the type of PRACH transmission start / trigger (e.g., PRACH transmission initiated by a UE, or PRACH transmission triggered by a PDCCH order) and the number of PRACHs to transmit (e.g., whether to transmit one or more PRACHs). 【0101】The UE may transmit the PRACH using the transmit power determined based on the determined PL / PL-RS. 【0102】 The following describes a method for determining PL / PL-RS for PRACH transmit power control in each embodiment of this disclosure. 【0103】 Furthermore, each embodiment of this disclosure is applicable to cases that are not limited to the self-free configuration described above. 【0104】 <First Embodiment> PRACH transmission may be initiated by the UE. 【0105】 PRACH transmission does not need to be triggered by the PDCCH order. 【0106】 The UE may select / determine one SSB set. 【0107】 The UE may send multiple PRACHs. 【0108】 A single RACH occasion (RO) may be associated with one PRACH transmission from among the multiple PARCHs. 【0109】 Multiple SSBs may be associated with a single RO. These multiple SSBs may be SSBs within a single set of SSBs that are selected / determined. 【0110】 Multiple ROs may be associated with multiple SSBs. These multiple SSBs may be SSBs within a single set of SSBs that are selected / determined. 【0111】 The UE may determine / determine / assume that, for each PRACH transmission, the SSB associated with that PRACH transmission is a PL-RS used for PRACH transmission power control. 【0112】 According to the first embodiment, even when PRACH transmission is initiated by UE, the PL-RS for PRACH transmission power control can be appropriately determined. 【0113】 <Second Embodiment> PRACH transmission may be initiated by the UE. 【0114】PRACH transmission does not need to be triggered by the PDCCH order. 【0115】 The UE may select / determine one SSB set. 【0116】 UE may send one PRACH. 【0117】 A single RACH occasion (RO) may be associated with that single PRACH transmission. 【0118】 A single RO may be associated with a single SSB set that is selected / determined. 【0119】 The UE may follow at least one of the following options 2-1 to 2-3 when determining the PL / PL-RS used for PARCH transmit power control. 【0120】 <<Option 2-1>> The UE may determine the PL-RS used for PARCH transmit power control based on specific conditions / rules. 【0121】 The PL-RS may be a specific SSB in the [selected / determined] SSB set associated with the PRACH transmission. 【0122】 The specific SSB may be at least one of the following: • The lowest / highest index SSB. • The highest quality SSB (e.g., RSRP). • The lowest quality SSB (e.g., RSRP). • An SSB randomly selected by the UE (e.g., selected based on the UE implementation). 【0123】 <<Option 2-2>> The UE may be set to the SSB in the [Selected / Determined] SSB set, which is used as the PL-RS used for PARCH transmit power control. 【0124】 The PL-RS may be an SSB set in the SSB set associated with the PRACH transmission. 【0125】<<Option 2-3>> The UE may use multiple SSBs (e.g., all / some of the SSBs to be transmitted) in the set of SSBs to be selected / determined associated with the PRACH transmission for the determination of the PL. 【0126】 The UE may determine the PL used for PARCH transmit power control based on the PL measured based on the multiple SSBs. 【0127】 For example, the UE may use the average value of the PL measured based on the multiple SSBs as the PL used for PARCH transmit power control. 【0128】 These multiple SSBs may, for example, be SSBs of a quality greater than or less than a certain threshold (e.g., RSRP). 【0129】 For example, if no SSBs of a quality greater than or less than the specific threshold exist, the UE may apply other options (e.g., options 2-1 / 2-2). 【0130】 According to the second embodiment described above, even when PRACH transmission is initiated by UE, the PL / PL-RS for PRACH transmission power control can be appropriately determined. 【0131】 <Third Embodiment> PRACH transmission may be triggered by a PDCCH order. 【0132】 A PDCCH order may also indicate a single SSB set (an index of an SSB set). 【0133】 The UE may send multiple PRACHs. 【0134】 A single RACH occasion (RO) may be associated with one PRACH transmission from among the multiple PARCHs. 【0135】 Multiple SSBs may be associated with a single RO. These multiple SSBs may be SSBs within a single designated SSB set. 【0136】Multiple ROs may be associated with multiple SSBs. These multiple SSBs may be SSBs within a single designated SSB set. 【0137】 The UE may follow at least one of the following options 3-1 to 3-3 when determining the PL / PL-RS used for controlling the PARCH transmit power for each of the multiple PRACHs. 【0138】 <<Option 3-1>> The UE may determine / determine / assume that the PL-RS used for PARCH transmit power control is an SSB associated with PRACH transmission. 【0139】 <<Option 3-2>> The UE may determine / judge / assume that the PL-RS used for PARCH transmit power control is a DL-RS that is QCL-linked (QCL-related) with the PDCCH order. 【0140】 <<Option 3-3>> The UE may determine / decide which PL-RS is used for controlling the PARCH transmit power based on whether the PRACH is associated with the same / different TRP as the PDCCH order. 【0141】 For example, if PRACH is associated with the same TRP as the PDCCH order, UE may determine / confirm / assume that the PL-RS used for controlling the PARCH transmit power is a DL-RS that is QCL-related (QCL-related) to the PDCCH order. 【0142】 For example, if PRACH is associated with a TRP of a different order than PDCCH, the UE may determine / confirm / assume that the PL-RS used for controlling PARCH transmit power is an SSB associated with PRACH transmit. 【0143】 The UE may determine / confirm whether a PRACH transmission is associated with the same / different TRP as the PDCCH order based on a specific method (for example, at least one of options 3-3-1 and 3-3-2 below). 【0144】<<<Option 3-3-1>>> The UE may determine whether a PRACH transmission is associated with the same / different TRP as the PDCCH order based on whether the SSB associated with the PRACH transmission is an SSB from the same / different TRP as the PDCCH order. 【0145】 For example, a UE may determine that a PRACH transmission is associated with the same TRP as the PDCCH order if the SSB associated with the PRACH transmission is an SSB from the same TRP as the PDCCH order. 【0146】 For example, a UE may determine that a PRACH transmission is associated with a TRP of a different order than PDCCH if the SSB associated with the PRACH transmission is an SSB from a TRP of a different order than PDCCH. 【0147】 <<<Option 3-3-2>>> The PDCCH order may indicate whether, for multiple PRACH transmissions, the PRACH transmissions are associated with the same / different TRP as the PDCCH order. 【0148】 Based on the instructions, the UE may determine whether the PRACH transmission is associated with the same or different TRP as the PDCCH order. 【0149】 The instructions may use new (as defined in Rel. 20 and later) fields / existing (as defined up to Rel. 19) fields within the PDCCH order. 【0150】 The instruction may also indicate, for multiple PRACH transmissions, whether the PL-RS of the PRACH transmission is a DL-RS that is QCL-linked (QCL-related) to the PDCCH order, or an SSB associated with the PRACH. 【0151】 According to the third embodiment described above, even when PRACH transmission is triggered by a PDCCH order, the PL-RS for PRACH transmission power control can be appropriately determined. 【0152】 <Fourth Embodiment> PRACH transmission may be triggered by a PDCCH order. 【0153】 A PDCCH order may also indicate a single SSB set (an index of an SSB set). 【0154】 UE may send one PRACH. 【0155】 A single RACH occasion (RO) may be associated with that single PRACH transmission. 【0156】 One RO may be associated with one SSB set [as instructed]. 【0157】 The UE may follow at least one of the following options 4-1 to 4-5 when determining the PL / PL-RS used for PARCH transmit power control. 【0158】 <<Option 4-1>> The UE may determine the PL-RS used for PARCH transmit power control based on specific conditions / rules. 【0159】 The PL-RS may be a specific SSB in the SSB set associated with [instructed] the PRACH transmission. 【0160】 The specific SSB may be at least one of the following: • The lowest / highest index SSB. • The highest quality SSB (e.g., RSRP). • The lowest quality SSB (e.g., RSRP). • An SSB randomly selected by the UE (e.g., selected based on the UE implementation). 【0161】 <<Option 4-2>> The UE may be set to the SSB in the [instructed] SSB set, which is used as the PL-RS used for PARCH transmit power control. 【0162】 The PL-RS may be an SSB set in the SSB set associated with the PRACH transmission. 【0163】 <<Option 4-3>> The UE may use multiple SSBs (e.g., all / some of the SSBs to be transmitted) in the set of SSBs associated with the PRACH transmission for the determination of the PL. 【0164】 The UE may determine the PL used for PARCH transmit power control based on the PL measured based on the multiple SSBs. 【0165】 For example, the UE may use the average value of the PL measured based on the multiple SSBs as the PL used for PARCH transmit power control. 【0166】 These multiple SSBs may, for example, be SSBs of a quality greater than or less than a certain threshold (e.g., RSRP). 【0167】 For example, if no SSBs of a quality greater than or less than the specific threshold exist, the UE may apply other options (e.g., options 2-1 / 2-2). 【0168】 <<Option 4-4>> The UE may determine / determine / assume that the PL-RS used for PARCH transmit power control is a DL-RS that is QCL-linked (QCL-related) with the PDCCH order. 【0169】 <<Option 4-5>> The UE may determine / decide which PL-RS is used for controlling the PARCH transmit power based on whether the PRACH is associated with the same / different TRP as the PDCCH order. 【0170】 For example, if PRACH is associated with the same TRP as the PDCCH order, UE may determine / confirm / assume that the PL-RS used for controlling the PARCH transmit power is a DL-RS that is QCL-related (QCL-related) to the PDCCH order. 【0171】 For example, if PRACH is associated with a different TRP than PDCCH order, UE may apply options 4-1 / 4-2 / 4-3 above. 【0172】 The UE may determine / confirm whether a PRACH transmission is associated with the same / different TRP as the PDCCH order based on a specific method (at least one of options 4-5-1 and 4-5-2 below). 【0173】<<<Option 4-5-1>>> The UE may determine whether the PRACH transmission is associated with the same / different TRP as the PDCCH order based on whether at least one SSB in the indicated SSB set is an SSB from the same / different TRP as the PDCCH order. 【0174】 For example, a UE may determine that a PRACH is associated with the same TRP as a PDCCH order if at least one SSB in the indicated SSB set is from the same TRP as a PDCCH order. 【0175】 For example, a UE may determine that a PL-RS is a DL-RS that is QCL-related (QCL-related) to a PDCCH order if at least one SSB in the indicated SSB set is an SSB from the same TRP as the PDCCH order. 【0176】 For example, if all of the SSBs in the indicated SSB set are not from the same TRP as the PDCCH order, the UE may determine that the PRACH is associated with a different TRP than the PDCCH order. 【0177】 <<<Option 4-5-2>>> The PDCCH order may indicate whether the PRACH transmission is associated with the same / different TRP as the PDCCH order. 【0178】 Based on the instructions, the UE may determine whether the PRACH transmission is associated with the same or different TRP as the PDCCH order. 【0179】 The instructions may use new (as defined in Rel. 20 and later) fields / existing (as defined up to Rel. 19) fields within the PDCCH order. 【0180】 The instruction may also indicate, for multiple PRACH transmissions, whether the PL-RS of the PRACH transmission is a DL RS that is QCL-linked (QCL-related) with the PDCCH order, or an RS that conforms to option 4-1 / 4-2 / 4-3 above. 【0181】According to the fourth embodiment described above, even when PRACH transmission is triggered by a PDCCH order, the PL / PL-RS for PRACH transmission power control can be appropriately determined. 【0182】 <Variations> In each embodiment, examples have been described in which SSB is applied as the RS associated with RO, the RS indicating QCL, and the RS being QCL'd. However, in addition to SSB, CSI-RS may also be applied. 【0183】 In each embodiment, CBRA / CFRA may be applied as the RA procedure. 【0184】 In each embodiment, a 4-step RACH / 2-step RACH procedure may be applied as the RA procedure. 【0185】 <Supplement> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, RRC messages, LTE positioning protocol (LPP) messages), specific signals / channels (e.g., DCI, PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signals), or a combination thereof. 【0186】 When the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader. The MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the MAC CE may introduce a new octet into an existing MAC CE. 【0187】If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI. The specific field may be an existing DCI field or a new DCI field. The RNTI may be an existing RNTI or a new RNTI. The format of the DCI may be an existing DCI format or a new DCI format. 【0188】 Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by the UE or gNB). 【0189】 In the embodiments described above, the UE may receive at least one piece of information (QCL information) from the NW from among several of the following QCL rules / QCL types: ◆ QCL type A (Doppler shift, Doppler spread, mean delay, and delay spread) ◆ QCL type B (Doppler shift and Doppler spread) ◆ QCL type C (Doppler shift and mean delay) ◆ QCL type D (spatial reception parameters) 【0190】 In the embodiments described above, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following RSs: ◆SSB ◆CSI-RS with / without repetition ◆TRS ◆DMRS for PDCCH / PDSCH 【0191】 In the embodiments described above, information from the network may be set / instructed by the following methods: ◆ Common to multiple UEs, or individual to a UE ◆ Cell-specific, or common to multiple cells ◆ Per UE / Per CC / Per BWP / Per band / Per cell / Per cell group (CG) 【0192】<<Notification of Information from UE>> Notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the embodiments described above (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, RRC messages, LPP messages), specific signals / channels (e.g., UCI, PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof. 【0193】 When the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader. The MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the MAC CE may introduce a new octet into an existing MAC CE. 【0194】 If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH. 【0195】 Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiments may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by the UE or gNB). 【0196】<<Regarding the application of each embodiment>> In UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: ◆ A higher-layer parameter indicating the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is set; ◆ The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameter; ◆ The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is designated / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / Resource / Channel / RS; ◆ A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is reported or supported; ◆ The application of the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions. 【0197】 The above-mentioned specific UE capabilities may represent at least one of the following: ◆ Supporting the above-mentioned specific processing / operation / control / assumment / information; ◆ Capabilities of each embodiment; ◆ Capabilities of each option in each embodiment, or capabilities of a combination of multiple options in each embodiment; ◆ The UE supporting the selection / determination / instruction of an SSB set (multiple SSBs); ◆ The UE supporting the selection between one SSB and one SSB set for PRACH transmission; ◆ The UE supporting multiple PRACH transmissions. 【0198】Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that applies across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), a capability per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), a capability per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), a capability per subcarrier spacing (SCS), a capability per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC), or a capability per functionality / model. 【0199】 Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes regardless of the duplexing scheme), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)). 【0200】 If the above conditions are not met, UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases. 【0201】Information regarding whether one or more of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples apply / are used, or which of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples apply / are used, may be based on several of the following methods: ◆ The information is set by one or more higher layer parameters / RRC IEs. ◆ The information is determined by one or more relevant higher layer parameters / RRC IEs. ◆ The information is indicated by MAC CE / DCI. ◆ The information is based on one or more UE capabilities. ◆ The information is described / defined in the specification. ◆ The information is based on conditions described / defined in the specification. ◆ The information is determined by a combination of several of the above methods. For example, the information is determined by the setting / indication of higher layer parameters / MAC CE / DCIs and reported by UE capabilities. 【0202】 The above multiple embodiments / options / choices may be combined into a single embodiment / option / choice. 【0203】 In the embodiments described above, the measured RS may be a QCL source RS in an active TCI state / indicated / unified TCI state. 【0204】(Notes) The following inventions are noted with respect to embodiments of the present disclosure. [Note 1] A terminal having a control unit that determines a path loss or path loss reference signal for PRACH transmit power control based on the type of initiation of a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmit and the number of PRACHs to be transmitted, and a transmit unit that transmits a PRACH using the transmit power determined based on the path loss or path loss reference signal. [Note 2] The terminal according to Note 1, wherein the PRACH is associated with one RACH occasion, and the one RACH occasion is associated with one or more sets of synchronous signal block (SSB) sets, and the SSB set comprises a plurality of SSBs. [Note 3] The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein, when the transmission of the PRACH is triggered by a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order, the set of synchronous signal block (SSB) associated with the PRACH is indicated by the PDCCH order, and the SSB set comprises a plurality of SSBs. [Note 4] When the transmission of the PRACH is triggered by a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order, the control unit determines, on a specific basis, whether the PRACH is associated with the same or a different transmit / receive point as the PDCCH order, as described in any of Notes 1 to 3 of the terminal. 【0205】 (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure, or a combination thereof. 【0206】 Figure 3 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). 【0207】Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and the like. 【0208】 In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN. 【0209】 The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))). 【0210】 The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10. 【0211】The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell, for example) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells, for example). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system. 【0212】 The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC). 【0213】 Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz. Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be in a frequency band higher than FR2. 【0214】 Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate in each CC using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD). 【0215】Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node. 【0216】 Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc. 【0217】 The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN. 【0218】 The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc. 【0219】In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDM), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL). 【0220】 The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods. 【0221】 In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, which is shared by each user terminal 20. 【0222】 Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20. 【0223】User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH. 【0224】 Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH. 【0225】 Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH may be read as DL data, and PUSCH may be read as UL data. 【0226】 PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. A UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a given search space based on the search space configuration. 【0227】 A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably. 【0228】 PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell. 【0229】 In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted from the names of various channels. 【0230】 In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. 【0231】The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals. 【0232】 Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) may include a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called a user-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal). 【0233】 (Base Station) Figure 4 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transmitting / receiving unit 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided. 【0234】 In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted. 【0235】 The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure. 【0236】The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 120, transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc. 【0237】 The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure. 【0238】 The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123. 【0239】 The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna. 【0240】 The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc. 【0241】 The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam. 【0242】The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted. 【0243】 The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal. 【0244】 The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130. 【0245】 On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130. 【0246】 The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc. 【0247】The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110. 【0248】 The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20. 【0249】 In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140. 【0250】The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions. 【0251】 In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU. 【0252】 The control unit 110 may control the transmission of settings for the type of initiation of physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission and the number of PRACHs to be transmitted. These settings may be used to determine a path loss or path loss reference signal for PRACH transmission power control. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may receive PRACHs transmitted using the transmission power determined based on the path loss or path loss reference signal (first / second / third / fourth embodiments). 【0253】 (User Terminal) Figure 5 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided. 【0254】In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted. 【0255】 The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure. 【0256】 The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220. 【0257】 The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure. 【0258】 The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223. 【0259】 The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna. 【0260】 The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc. 【0261】The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam. 【0262】 The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210 to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted. 【0263】 The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal. 【0264】 Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel. 【0265】 The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. 【0266】 On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. 【0267】The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc. 【0268】 The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210. 【0269】 The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. 【0270】 In this disclosure, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 may be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. 【0271】The control unit 210 may determine a path loss or path loss reference signal for PRACH transmit power control based on the type of initiation of physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission and the number of PRACHs to be transmitted. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may transmit the PRACHs using the transmit power determined based on the path loss or path loss reference signal (first / second / third / fourth embodiments). 【0272】 The PRACH may be associated with one RACH occasion. The one RACH occasion may be associated with one or more sets of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs). The SSB set may include multiple SSBs (first / second / third / fourth embodiments). 【0273】 If the transmission of the PRACH is triggered by a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order, the set of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) associated with the PRACH may be instructed by the PDCCH order, and the set of SSBs may include multiple SSBs (third / fourth embodiment). 【0274】 If the transmission of the PRACH is triggered by a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order, the control unit 210 may determine, based on a specific method, whether the PRACH is associated with the same or a different transmit / receive point as the PDCCH order (third / fourth embodiment). 【0275】 (Hardware Configuration) The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software. 【0276】Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited. 【0277】 For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 6 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc. 【0278】 In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices. 【0279】 For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, the processing may be performed by one processor, or it may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips. 【0280】Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003. 【0281】 The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001. 【0282】 Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly. 【0283】The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 【0284】 The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a Digital Use Disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device. 【0285】The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated transmitting unit 120a (220a) and receiving unit 120b (220b). 【0286】 The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel). 【0287】 Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device. 【0288】Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components. 【0289】 Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above. 【0290】 (Variations) Terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc. 【0291】 A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology. 【0292】Here, the neurology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neurology may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain. 【0293】 A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology. 【0294】 A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B. 【0295】 Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable. 【0296】For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing a TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe. 【0297】 Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this. 【0298】 TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI. 【0299】 Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled. 【0300】A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc. 【0301】 Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more. 【0302】 A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology. 【0303】 Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks. 【0304】 One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc. 【0305】Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol. 【0306】 A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP. 【0307】 A BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE. 【0308】 At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP". 【0309】 The structures of wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways. 【0310】Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index. 【0311】 The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way. 【0312】 The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof. 【0313】 Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes. 【0314】 Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices. 【0315】Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above. 【0316】 Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof. 【0317】 Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Elements (CEs). 【0318】 Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information). 【0319】 The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value). 【0320】 Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name. 【0321】 Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium. 【0322】 The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations). 【0323】In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably. 【0324】 In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter. 【0325】 The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group. 【0326】 Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), and RS may be interpreted interchangeably. 【0327】 Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. 【0328】 Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interpreted interchangeably. 【0329】 In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset may be interpreted interchangeably. 【0330】 Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. 【0331】In this disclosure, terms such as “Base Station (BS),” “wireless base station,” “fixed station,” “NodeB,” “eNB (eNodeB),” “gNB (gNodeB),” “access point,” “Transmission Point (TP),” “Reception Point (RP),” “Transmission / Reception Point (TRP),” “panel,” “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” and “component carrier” may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell. 【0332】 A base station may house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station may be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage. 【0333】 In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information. 【0334】 In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably. 【0335】A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term. 【0336】 At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc. 【0337】 The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands. 【0338】 The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor. 【0339】Figure 7 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60. 【0340】 The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user. 【0341】 The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU). 【0342】 Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression amount signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression amount signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. 【0343】The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40. 【0344】 The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.). 【0345】 The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions. 【0346】The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40. 【0347】 The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20). 【0348】 The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include the information based on the above input. 【0349】 The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60). 【0350】 Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40. 【0351】 Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as sidelink channel. 【0352】 Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above. 【0353】 In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof. 【0354】Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented. 【0355】 Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure is Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, systems utilizing Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon may also be applied. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G). 【0356】In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on." 【0357】 Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way. 【0358】 The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to mean judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc. 【0359】 Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory). 【0360】Furthermore, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of some action. In this disclosure, “judgment (decision)” may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable with the actions described above. 【0361】 Furthermore, in this disclosure, “determine / determining” may be interpreted as “assume / assuming,” “expect / expecting,” or “consider / considering.” In addition, in this disclosure, “not expecting to do…” may be interpreted as “expecting not to do….” 【0362】 In this disclosure, "expect" may be rephrased as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." may be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive, etc.) may be rephrased as "be expected ..." or "do (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Similarly, "does not expect ..." may be rephrased as "be not expected ..." or "do not (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be rephrased as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station). 【0363】The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power. 【0364】 As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.” 【0365】 In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain. 【0366】 In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different." 【0367】 Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR. 【0368】In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural. 【0369】 In this disclosure, "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, by adding "i-th" (where i is any integer) to the expression (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably with "i-th highest"). 【0370】 In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable. 【0371】In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Furthermore, A, B, etc., may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, or regular sentences depending on the context. The time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). Additionally, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be interpreted as "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predetermined or determined by the UE based on notified information. 【0372】 In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any unit of time (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. 【0373】 Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The descriptions herein are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way to the invention described herein.

Claims

1. A terminal having a control unit that determines a path loss or path loss reference signal for PRACH transmit power control based on the type of initiation of a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmit and the number of PRACHs to be transmitted, and a transmit unit that transmits PRACHs using the transmit power determined based on the path loss or path loss reference signal.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the PRACH is associated with one RACH occasion, and the one RACH occasion is associated with one or more sets of synchronous signal blocks (SSBs), and the set of SSBs comprises a plurality of SSBs.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein when the transmission of the PRACH is triggered by a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order, a set of synchronous signal blocks (SSBs) associated with the PRACH is instructed by the PDCCH order, and the set of SSBs comprises a plurality of SSBs.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, if the transmission of the PRACH is triggered by a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order, the control unit determines, on a specific basis, whether the PRACH is associated with the same or a different transmit / receive point as the PDCCH order.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising the steps of: determining a path loss or path loss reference signal for PRACH transmit power control based on the type of initiation of a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmit and the number of PRACHs to be transmitted; and transmitting a PRACH using the transmit power determined based on the path loss or path loss reference signal.

6. A base station having a control unit that controls the transmission of a setting of the type of initiation of a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission and the number of PRACHs to be transmitted, the setting being used to determine a path loss or path loss reference signal for PRACH transmission power control, and a receiving unit that receives PRACHs transmitted using the transmission power determined based on the path loss or path loss reference signal.

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