Press working apparatus

Abstract

[Problem] To provide a press working apparatus capable of improving the quality of press working by accurately and reliably fixing a punch driven by a vibrator, a cylindrical large-diameter punch, and the like. [Solution] A press working apparatus in which a vibrator is mounted on an upper portion of a punch and a flange-shaped holding portion is provided on an outer surface of the punch, wherein: an upper surface of the holding portion is in contact with a backing plate; a lower surface of the holding portion is in contact with an upper surface of a punch retainer; a step is provided on an upper portion of the punch retainer; a brim retainer is installed in the step; an inner surface of the brim retainer is in contact with an outer surface of the holding portion; and an outer surface of the brim retainer is in contact with a wall surface of the step, thereby fixing the holding portion.

Description

Pressing machine 【0001】 The present invention relates to a press working apparatus that provides robust fixing of a punch driven by a vibrator, and more particularly to a press working apparatus that enables easy and highly accurate positioning of the punch, as well as improved punch performance. The press working apparatus includes all devices, such as large-diameter cylindrical punching punches and punches with symmetrical shapes such as circular or rectangular horizontal cross-sections. 【0002】 Generally, press working includes processes such as separation and forming, and the equipment used for these processes is generally called a press working machine. A press working machine places a workpiece, such as sheet metal or laminated board, between two dies, an upper die (also called a "punch") and a lower die (also called a "die"). The workpiece is then clamped and pressed between the upper and lower dies to process it into the desired shape. 【0003】 Separation processing involves shaping a workpiece by cutting it; for example, punching is a known process where the workpiece is placed on a lower die and the shape is cut out by an upper die. Forming processes include bending, which involves bending the workpiece, and drawing, which involves stretching the workpiece to form the shape. However, in separation processing, burrs and sagging occur at the beginning and end of the sheared surface, and the state of these burrs and sagging varies depending on the thickness and type of the workpiece plate, processing speed, clearance, etc. If a lot of sagging occurs, the flatness of the sheared surface is impaired, which becomes a problem when flatness of the sheared surface is required. Also, because burrs have sharp edges, they can cause injuries to people or lead to defective or flawed products. 【0004】 Furthermore, in forming processes, there is a risk of quality degradation due to the occurrence of "scratches" or "cracks" during bending, depending on the thickness and type of the workpiece, processing speed, clearance, etc. Also, in drawing processes, there is a risk of "wrinkles" or "cracks" occurring, depending on the thickness and type of the workpiece, processing speed, clearance, etc. 【0005】As a solution to the above-mentioned problems, for example, a press working apparatus shown in Japanese Patent No. 6427438 (Patent Document 1) is known. Specifically, as shown in Figure 1, the press working apparatus 1 has a movable side portion (upper die) 2 having a punch 10 and a fixed side portion 3 having a lower die 30. The movable side portion 2 has a punch 10, a punch retainer 21A and a backing plate 21B that fix the punch 10, and a support 23 that fixes the punch retainer 21A and the backing plate 21B to the upper die holder 22. The upper die holder 22 and the support 23 are fixed with bolts 24A, and similarly the support 23 and the punch retainer 21A and backing plate 21B are fixed with bolts 24B. The punch 10 is fixed by the punch retainer 21A and the backing plate 21B at a flange-shaped holding portion 11 provided in the middle, and the rest of the punch is not fixed. In other words, when the punch 10 is vibrated by the vibrator 50, that vibration is not transmitted to the stripper 25 or the support 23. 【0006】 Furthermore, the movable side portion 2 includes a stripper 25 for removing the workpiece W when it adheres to the punch 10, a spring 26 for biasing the stripper 25 toward the lower die 30, and a guide pin 27 for stabilizing the position of the stripper 25. In addition, a vibrator 50 driven by a drive unit (not shown) is mounted on the upper surface of the punch 10. 【0007】 On the other hand, the fixed side portion 3 includes a lower die 30 and a lower die holder 32 for fixing the lower die 30. The lower die 30 is a metal member having a predetermined thickness and is placed on the lower die holder 32 and fixed by bolts 34. The lower die 30 also has a hole 31 with a shape corresponding to the shape of the punch 10 and a hole 33 for receiving the guide pin 27. The press working apparatus 1 is equipped with a drive mechanism (not shown) for applying the force necessary for processing to the die, a control device (not shown) for controlling the drive mechanism (not shown), a safety device (not shown), and the like. 【0008】Figure 2 shows an example of the structure of the punch 10, which has a barrel-shaped horizontal cross section, with flange-shaped holding parts 11 arranged linearly on the flat surfaces on both sides, and a vertically elongated through hole 12 drilled in the center of the barrel-shaped section, the through hole 12 drilled in the vertical direction of the holding part 11, that is, straddling the position of the holding part 11. In addition, a screw hole 10A for fixing the vibrator 50 with a screw is provided on the upper surface of the punch 10. 【0009】 Furthermore, Figure 3(A) is a perspective view showing an example of the structure of a punch 10A with a circular horizontal cross-section. A flange-shaped retaining portion 11A is provided around the outer circumferential surface of the middle part of the punch 10A, and a through hole 12A with an elliptical to elongated cross-section is drilled across the retaining portion 11A vertically. The retaining portion 11A at the position intersecting the through hole 12A is notched, and a screw hole 13A for fixing the vibrator 50 with a screw is provided on the upper surface of the punch 10A. Furthermore, Figure 3(B) is a perspective view showing an example of the structure of a punch 10B with a rectangular horizontal cross-section. Flange-shaped retaining portions 11B are provided linearly on both outer ends of the middle part of the punch 10B, and a through hole 12B with an elliptical to elongated cross-section is drilled across the retaining portions 11B at both ends vertically. The holding portion 11B at the position where it intersects with the through hole 12B is notched, and a screw hole 13B for fixing the vibrator 50 with a screw is provided on the upper surface of the punch 10B. 【0010】 Figure 4 is a perspective view showing the detailed structure of a punch 40, which has a circular horizontal cross-section and no through holes. The overall structure is a cylindrical stepped structure, with a relatively small diameter body 46 between the upper transmission section 44 and the lower pressing section 45, and a flange-shaped holding section 41 is provided around the periphery of the body 46. A screw hole 43 for attaching the transducer 50 is drilled in the center of the upper surface of the transmission section 44, and the bottom surface of the pressing section 45 is a cutting edge 45A. 【0011】Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the punch 40 shown in Figure 4 mounted on a press working machine. The transmission part 44 of the punch 40 is housed in the base plate 60, and the holding part 41 is held and fixed by the punch retainer 62 via the backing plate 61. The vibrator 50 is screwed into the screw hole 43 of the punch 40 with a threaded rod 51 and fixed, so that the vibration pressure of the vibrator 50 is applied to the punch 40. The threaded rod 51 is also screwed into the screw hole 52 of the vibrator 50. 【0012】 Patent No. 6427438 【0013】 As described above, in conventional press working machines, the punch 10 (40) is vibrated by a vibrator 50, a flange-shaped holding part 11 (41) is provided at the position of the vibration node, and the punch 10 (40) is fixed by sandwiching the holding part 11 (41) between the punch retainer 21A (62) and the backing plate 21B (61). In order to accurately position the punch 10 (40), conventionally, the position is controlled by the fit between the side of the holding part 11 (41) that has the cutting edge and the inner surface of the punch retainer that is opposite. The side to be positioned is also the vibrating surface, and if it comes into contact with the punch retainer 21A (62) for positioning, the vibration of the punch 10 (40) is inhibited. 【0014】Furthermore, in conventional press working machines, the vibrators 50 that drive the punch 10 (40) are attached to the punch 10 (40) in a one-to-one ratio, meaning one vibrator is attached to each punch 10 (40). Therefore, if the diameter of the vibrator 50 to drive the punch is greatly exceeded, and the solid punch exceeds approximately φ80 in diameter, it becomes difficult to obtain the vibration required for the desired quality. In the case of large cylindrical large-diameter press working machines, the diameter of the punch also increases, increasing both rigidity and weight, making it difficult to obtain resonance with respect to the vibrations emitted by the vibrator. When through holes 12A and 12B are provided in the punch 10 (40) as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the rigidity and weight are adjusted, but this may not reach the amount necessary to obtain resonance. Furthermore, in order to transmit the vibration of the vibrator 50 to the cutting edge at the bottom of the punch 10 (40), it is necessary to mount the vibrator precisely in the same direction as the stroke of the press, passing through the center of gravity. As the punch bore diameter and diameter R increase, a moment is generated for vertical vibrations on the vibration axis, causing the cutting edge at the bottom to not follow the vertical movement and making it easier for radial vibration components to be generated. In particular, a large diameter R is formed below the vibration axis input to the punch 10 (40) (towards the tip of the punch), creating a bell-shaped space, which further increases the radial vibration components. 【0015】 The present invention has been made in accordance with the circumstances described above, and the object of the present invention is to provide a press working apparatus that can improve the quality of press working by accurately and reliably fixing symmetrical punches, cylindrical large-diameter punches, etc., driven by a vibrator. 【0016】 The present invention relates to a press working apparatus in which a vibrator is mounted on the upper part of a punch and a flange-shaped retaining portion is provided on the outer surface of the punch. The above object of the present invention is achieved by the fact that the horizontal cross-section of the punch is symmetrical, the upper surface of the retaining portion abuts against a backing plate, the lower surface of the retaining portion abuts against the upper surface of a punch retainer, and a step is provided on the upper part of the punch retainer, a brim retainer is installed on the step, the inner surface of the brim retainer abuts against the outer surface of the retaining portion, and the outer surface of the brim retainer abuts against the wall surface of the step, thereby fixing the retaining portion. 【0017】Furthermore, the present invention relates to a large-diameter press working apparatus in which vibrators are mounted on the upper part of each of a plurality of punch pieces forming a large-diameter cylinder, and flange-shaped holding portions are provided at the same height on the outer surface of each punch piece. The above object of the present invention is achieved by the upper surface of each holding portion contacting a backing plate, the lower surface of each holding portion contacting the upper surface of a punch retainer, and a step provided on the upper part of the punch retainer, a brim retainer that contacts the outer surface of the holding portion being installed on the step, and the outer surface of the brim retainer contacting the wall surface of the step so that the holding portion is fixed. 【0018】 Furthermore, this can be achieved by providing grooves (blocking grooves, slit grooves) on the brim retainer in the portion facing the side surface of the retaining part, or by providing opposing grooves with overlapping depths from the upper and lower surfaces of the brim retainer, or, in the case of a rectangular or square punch, by providing relief space at the corners of the inner surface of the brim retainer. 【0019】 According to the present invention, since the punch positioning is performed by the brim retainer and the punch retainer, the alignment with the die can be easily adjusted between the punch retainer and the backing plate. Because the positioning accuracy of the punch is ensured by holding it in the brim retainer and punch retainer on the side of the holding part, it becomes easy to house the brim retainer in the punch retainer. 【0020】 Furthermore, according to the press working apparatus of the present invention, a cylindrical large-diameter punch is divided into multiple punch pieces in the circumferential direction, with a vibrator mounted on the upper surface of each of the multiple punch pieces, and a cutting edge provided on the bottom surface of each punch piece. Since the cutting edge can be provided on the bottom surface of the punch piece directly below the vibrator, the vertical vibration of the vibrator can be efficiently and reliably transmitted to the cutting edge for press working. Moreover, since the punch is composed of multiple punch pieces and no single punch piece becomes large, it becomes easier to manufacture from materials that are difficult to process, such as superhard steel, and this contributes to cost reduction. 【0021】In large-diameter cylindrical punches divided into multiple punch pieces, or symmetrical punches with circular or rectangular horizontal cross-sections, the lateral deformation resulting from the vertical elastic deformation accompanying the up-and-down vibration of the vibrator, along with the processing force and external deformation, constitutes a radial expansion component. Therefore, by positioning and fitting a brim retainer, which provides good strength and rigidity, to the outside of the holding part, the punch can be firmly fixed. By positioning the punch holding part with the punch retainer and backing plate via the brim retainer, the holding part becomes a node in the vertical vibration, and the lateral deformation is damped by the brim retainer and not input to the punch retainer. This has the advantage of making it easier to ensure greater strength and rigidity of the punch retainer. 【0022】 Furthermore, in the case of a large-diameter cylindrical punch divided into multiple punch pieces, the excitation direction of the vibrator (up and down) and the punch division surface (connecting part) are parallel, and no component force is generated from the excitation force. Therefore, there is no wear or damage to the connecting part that bears this reaction force. In addition, wear and damage to the punch retainer can be reduced. 【0023】 Furthermore, by providing radial grooves (blocking grooves, slit grooves) in the brim retainer, the radial amplitude of the punch holding portion is reduced, thereby suppressing vibration inhibition of the punch. For punches with a circular cross-section, providing two widths on the sides of the annular holding portion makes positioning even easier, and for punches with a rectangular cross-section, providing clearance spaces at the corners of the brim retainer can attenuate longitudinal and lateral deformation interference. 【0024】 Figure 1 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a general press working apparatus. Figure 2 is a perspective view showing an example of a punch. Figures 3(A) and (B) are perspective views showing other examples of punches, respectively. Figure 4 is a perspective view showing an example of a punch. Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a structure in which a punch is mounted on a press working apparatus. Figures 6(A) and (B) are a perspective view and a plan view showing an example of a cylindrical large-diameter punch according to the present invention, respectively. Figure 7 is a plan view of a press working apparatus equipped with a cylindrical large-diameter punch. Figures 8(A) and (B) are cross-sectional views showing the top dead center and bottom dead center of the press working apparatus according to the present invention. Figure 9 is X of Figure 8(A)１ -X ２ This is a cross-sectional view of a line. Figure 10 is a perspective view showing an example of the structure of a punch plate. Figure 11 is a perspective view showing an example of the structure of a brim retainer. Figure 12 is a flowchart showing an example of punch mounting operation. Figure 13 is a plan view showing an example of fixing with a shim plate. Figures 14(A) and (B) are a perspective view and a side view, respectively, showing an example of a punch to which the present invention can be applied. These are cross-sectional views of a press working apparatus (top dead center) with the punches shown in Figures 14(A) and (B) mounted. Figures 16(A) and (B) are a front view and a side view, respectively, showing another example of a punch. Figures 17(A) and (B) are a front view and a side view, respectively, showing another example of a punch. Figure 18 is a perspective view showing an example of a cylindrical punch with two widths (one pair) in the holding portion. Figures 19(A) and (B) are a plan view and a perspective view of the brim retainer in the case of Figure 18, respectively. Figure 20 is a perspective view showing an example of a cylindrical punch with two widths (two pairs) in the holding portion. Figures 21(A) and (B) are a plan view and a perspective view of the brim retainer in the case of Figure 20, respectively. Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view showing the radial vibration of the punch. Figure 23 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a punch retainer with opposing grooves. Figure 24 is a plan view showing an example of a punch retainer with opposing grooves. Figures 25(A) and (B) are cross-sectional views showing an example of a punch retainer with grooves, respectively. Figures 26(A) and (B) are diagrams showing the appearance of a rectangular cross-section punch and the occurrence of vibration, respectively. This is a perspective view of the brim retainer of the punch shown in Figure 26. Figures 28(A) and (B) are diagrams illustrating vibration inhibition. Figure 29 is a plan view illustrating the interference of longitudinal and transverse vibrations. Figure 30 is a plan view showing an example of a brim retainer with a relief space. Figure 31 is a perspective view showing details of the relief space. Figures 32(A) and (B) are a plan view and a perspective view showing other examples of relief spaces, respectively. Figures 33(A) and (B) are plan and perspective views, respectively, showing other examples of relief space. Figures 34(A) and (B) are plan and perspective views, respectively, showing other examples of relief space. Figure 35(A) is a partial cross-sectional view of a press working apparatus equipped with a punch with a rectangular cross-section, and Figure 35(B) is the Y in Figure 35(A). １ -Y ２This is a cross-sectional view of the line. Figure 36 is a perspective view showing a punch with a square cross-section. Figure 37(A) is a partial cross-sectional view of a press working apparatus in which a punch with a square cross-section is mounted on a brim retainer, and Figure 37(B) is the Z in Figure 37(A). １ -Z ２ This is a cross-sectional view of the line. Figure 38 is a schematic diagram illustrating the difference in rigidity in the brim retainer. Figure 39 is a plan view of the brim retainer when a slit groove is provided. Figure 40 is the U of Figure 39 １ -U ２ This is a cross-section of a line. 【0025】 To accurately position the punch without hindering vibrations from the vibrator, the fit between the flange-shaped retaining portion, which acts as a vibration node, and the punch retainer is controlled via a brim retainer on the side surface. This control requires precise alignment to ensure the correct position when assembled, necessitating accurate machining of the side surface or insertion of a shim plate if there is a gap. By inserting a shim plate of appropriate thickness, a good fit can be achieved. Therefore, for punches with a circular cross-section, one or two pairs of orthogonal surfaces are provided on the inner surface of the punch retainer that forms the fit between the retaining portion and the punch retainer. This allows for grinding work to be performed on a flat surface, and simultaneously, the shim insertion surface is also performed on a flat surface, improving accuracy and making the work easier. 【0026】 The punch retainer is a large plate that spans the entire upper die and positions other punches and posts that guide vertical movement. Removing it and machining the sides of the hole to achieve the positional accuracy of a single punch is inefficient, difficult to repair or remake if a mistake is made, and expensive. Furthermore, when additional machining is required on the sides of the retaining part, the punch body cross-section can be circular, rectangular, or drum-shaped, and there are many different sizes. Even after grinding with a grinding machine, it is sometimes impossible to obtain a sufficient clamping surface, forcing difficult machining that results in low accuracy. 【0027】To solve this, the positions of the side of the retaining part and the side of the brim retainer hole are determined, and then the position is adjusted between the brim retainer and the punch retainer. The grinding process for position adjustment is performed on the outside of the brim retainer, across two flats. Since the brim retainer removed from the punch is small and has a shape that makes clamping easy, grinding across two flats is also easy, and it has the advantage of being easy to achieve accuracy. 【0028】 The present invention relates to a press working apparatus with a structure that firmly and stably fixes a large-diameter punch with a cylindrical horizontal cross-section, or a symmetrical punch with a circular or rectangular horizontal cross-section. With large-diameter punches, it is difficult to accurately mount the punch to the press working apparatus due to its large diameter, and with punches with a circular or rectangular cross-section, positioning is not easy because the sides are circular or straight. Therefore, by firmly and stably fixing the punch to the die, it is possible to ensure good punching accuracy. 【0029】 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 【0030】Figures 6(A) and 6(B) show a structural example of a cylindrical large-diameter punching punch (inner diameter R) 100 according to the present invention. Figure 6(A) is a perspective view, and Figure 6(B) is a plan view. The punch 100 according to the present invention is equally divided into four parts in the circumferential direction in this example. At the central portions (radial direction and circumferential direction) of the upper surfaces of the equally divided punch pieces 101 to 104, screw holes 101-1 to 104-1 for mounting the vibrators 131 to 134 with screw members are provided respectively. Cutting blades 101-2 to 104-2 are attached to the bottom surfaces of the punch pieces 101 to 104 respectively. The screw holes 101-1 to 104-1 are drilled at the center of the radial thickness of the punch pieces 101 to 104 and at the center in the circumferential direction (distance D from the end face), so that vibration is efficiently transmitted to the cutting blades 101-2 to 104-2 at the lower tip portions of the respective punch pieces. In addition, on each outer surface of the punch pieces 101 to 104, flange-shaped holding portions 111 to 114 are provided in a curved shape along the circumference, and the holding portion of the punch 100 is formed by the entire ring. As will be described later, the holding portions 111 to 114 are held by the backing plate 201 and the punch retainer 202 via the brim retainer 203, and the upper portions of the punch pieces 101 to 104 are housed and clamped in the base plate 200. 【0031】 The configuration of the press working apparatus equipped with the punch 100 will be described with reference to the plan view of Figure 7, the cross-sectional view (press top dead center) of Figure 8(A) or the cross-sectional view (press bottom dead center) of Figure 8(B), and the cross-sectional view of Figure 9. Note that Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the X １ -X ２ line. 【0032】Vibrators 131 to 134 are screwed into screw holes 101-1 to 104-1 on the upper surface of punch pieces 101 to 104, respectively. The outer surfaces of the holding portions 111 to 114 of the punch pieces 101 to 104 are fitted into a brim retainer 203 and are held in place by a backing plate 201 and a punch retainer 202. The upper parts of the punch pieces 101 to 104 are housed and held in a base plate 200. The punch pieces 101 to 104 are vibrated by vibrators 131 to 134, respectively, and cutting edges 101-2 to 104-2 are provided at the bottom of the punch pieces 101 to 104. A die 120 is positioned below the punch 100, and a workpiece W with a thickness d1 is placed on the die 120. 【0033】 The punch retainer 202 has a flat plate structure, as shown in Figure 10, for example, and has a round hole 202B in the center that fits with the punch 100, and further outside of that, there is a two-tiered rectangular step 202A on which the brim retainer 203 is placed. That is, the punch retainer 202 is provided with a step 202A that accommodates the brim retainer 203, and the outer surface of the brim retainer 203 is in contact with the wall surface of the step 202A, and the inner surface of the brim retainer 203 is in contact with the outer surface of the holding parts 111 to 114. 【0034】 Furthermore, as shown in Figure 11, the brim retainer 203 is a rectangular plate-like structure with a circular hole 203B having an inner circumferential surface that fits with the outer surfaces of the holding portions 111 to 114 of the punch 100. The brim retainer 203 is manufactured from, for example, tool steel SKD11 (intermediate die steel), aluminum, or the like. 【0035】Figure 12 is a flowchart showing an example of punch 100 assembly. First, the punch pieces 101 to 104 are arranged in a cylindrical shape as shown in Figure 6 (step S1). Next, the brim retainer 203 is attached to the outer surface of the holding parts 111 to 114 of the cylindrically arranged punch pieces 101 to 104 so that the circular holes 203A of the brim retainer 203 fit into it (step S2), and the punch 100 is rotated to position it in this state (step S3). After that, the punch retainer 202 is attached to the rectangular outer surface of the brim retainer 203 so that the rectangular step 202B of the punch retainer 202 fits into it (step S4), and the position is adjusted using a shim plate or the like (step S5). After that, the backing plate 201 is installed (step S6), the base plate 200 is installed (step S7), and the final position adjustment (clamping) is performed to complete the process (step S8). 【0036】 In a press working apparatus equipped with the punch 100 as described above, Figure 8(A) shows the press working apparatus at its top dead center, which is its initial state. Then, press working is started, and the final position of press working, the bottom dead center, is shown in Figure 8(B). After press working, it returns to the initial position in Figure 8(A). That is, during press working, the vibrators 131 to 134 are driven, and the punch descends from the initial position, which is the top dead center in Figure 8(A). The cutting edges 101-2 to 104-2 of the punch 100 (punch pieces 101 to 104) press work (punch out) the workpiece W, and the material enters the die 120 by a meshing allowance d3 (bottom dead center in Figure 8(B)). After press working, the press working apparatus returns to the top dead center in Figure 8(A). 【0037】According to the press working apparatus of the present invention, the punch is divided into four parts, i.e., punch pieces 101 to 104, and vibrators 131 to 134 are respectively mounted on the upper surfaces of the punch pieces 101 to 104. Cutting blades 101-2 to 104-2 are provided on the bottom surfaces of the punch pieces 101 to 104 directly below the vibrators 131 to 134. Therefore, the vertical vibration of the vibrators 131 to 134 mounted on the upper part of the punch can be efficiently transmitted to the cutting blades 101-2 to 104-2 at the lower part of the punch. Even if the punch 100 is large-sized and has a large diameter, since it is divided into four small punch pieces 101 to 104, the vibration volume per vibrator can be reduced, and the vibrators 131 to 134 can be driven independently. Therefore, small and inexpensive vibrators can be used, and driving at a low output with high efficiency becomes possible. Further, the punch 100 is composed of four punch pieces 101 to 104, and since one punch piece does not become large-sized, it becomes easy to produce with super steel materials or the like, which are difficult-to-process materials, and cost reduction can be achieved. 【0038】 In the above description, a four-divided punch has been described as an example, but a six-divided or eight-divided punch piece is also possible. Further, when the brim retainer 203 does not fit with the rectangular step 202A of the punch retainer 202 and there are gaps d3 and d4 as shown in FIG. 13, shim plates 210 and 211 made of stainless steel, SK material, beryllium steel or the like are inserted into and fixed in the gaps of the two surface widths. By adjusting the thickness of the shim plates 210 and 211, strong and stable fixing can be realized. 【0039】 In the above description, a cylindrical large-diameter punch composed of a plurality of punch pieces has been described. However, for a cylindrical punch 150 having a circular cross-section as shown in FIG. 14, instead of a large-diameter punch, the fixing by the brim retainer 203 fitted on the outer surface of the holding portion is also effective. FIG. 14(A) is a perspective view, and FIG. 14(B) is a side view. 【0040】On the middle part of the side surface of the cylindrical punch 150 shown in FIG. 14, a flange-shaped holding part 151 is provided all around. On the upper surface, a screw hole 152 for attaching the vibrator 160 is provided, and on the lower surface, a cutting blade 155 is attached. Further, through holes 153 and 154 for adjusting the vibration resonance of the vibrator 160 are provided in the punch 150. In this example, an example of a punch provided with the through holes 153 and 154 has been described, but the same applies to a punch without through holes. 【0041】 The structure in which the punch 150 is mounted on the press working device is shown in FIG. 15. Also in this example, the outer surface of the holding part 151 of the punch 150 is fitted into the brim retainer 203. The brim retainer 203 is held by the punch retainer 202 and is sandwiched by the backing plate 201. 【0042】 The press working device of the present invention may be a cylindrical punch 150 as shown in FIGS. 16 and 17. In any case, only the cross-sectional shapes of the through holes 153 and 154 are different. In the punches of FIGS. 16(A) and (B), the cross-sectional shape of the through hole is rectangular, in the punch shown in FIG. 17(A), it is elliptical, and in the punch shown in FIG. 17(B), it is an oval-shaped through hole. 【0043】 In the case of a cylindrical punch as shown in FIG. 14, FIG. 16, or FIG. 17, the holding part also becomes an annular shape, and it is difficult to position the punch by rotating it in the circumferential direction. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 18, a pair of two-sided widths 151-1 and 151-2 are provided at two locations on the side surface of the holding part 151. Since the brim retainer 203 has a structure that fits on the side surface of the holding part 151, the shape of the brim retainer 203 has a plane corresponding to the two-sided widths 151-1 and 151-2 as shown in FIGS. 19(A) and (B). Further, in order to make positioning even easier, as shown in FIG. 20, two pairs of two-sided widths 151-1, 151-2 and 151-3, 151-4 may be provided on the holding part 151. In this case, the structure of the brim retainer has a shape having a plane corresponding to the two-sided widths 151-1, 151-2 and 151-3, 151-4 as shown in FIGS. 21(A) and (B). 【0044】To counteract the vibration inhibition of the punches (see Figure 22) caused by positioning the punches 100 and 150 via the punch retainer 202 and brim retainer 203, an effective countermeasure can be taken by providing concentric grooves 203-1 and 203-2 along the radial direction on the brim retainer 203, as shown in Figure 23. That is, as shown in Figure 22, the punch holding portion 151 experiences fluctuations where the central part with a node has the maximum radial amplitude, and the amplitude decreases as you move away from the node. Therefore, as shown in Figure 23, by transmitting vibration only to the upper and lower ends of the holding portion 151 where the radial amplitude is small (arrow f), and blocking (or attenuating) the maximum radial amplitude of the punch with the overlapping grooves 203-1 and 203-2, the final amplitude on the outer surface of the brim retainer 203 can be reduced and standardized. Figures 23 and 24 show an example in which annular opposing grooves 203-1 and 203-2 are provided concentrically along the radial direction on the upper and lower surfaces of the brim retainer 203, which is fitted and positioned on the side surface of the holding portion 151 of the punch 150. In this example, groove 203-2 from the lower surface is positioned inward and groove 203-1 from the upper surface is positioned outward, but the opposite may be the case. In addition, the depths of opposing grooves 203-1 and 203-2 are overlapped in the axial direction. By providing such opposing grooves 203-1 and 203-2 on the brim retainer 203, the large vibrations in the central part are absorbed by the opposing grooves, and only vibrations at both the upper and lower ends are transmitted, so that the radial amplitude to the outer surface of the brim retainer 203 can be reduced and aligned. This makes it possible to suppress the inhibition of lateral vibration of the punch. 【0045】 The grooves on the brim retainer 203 do not necessarily have to be opposing grooves; as shown in Figure 25(A), only the groove 203-1 from the top surface is sufficient, or as shown in Figure 25(B), only the groove 203-2 from the bottom surface is sufficient. In either example, the grooves reduce the radial amplitude of the outer circumferential surface of the brim retainer 203 (the contact surface with the punch retainer) from the side of the retaining portion, thereby suppressing vibration inhibition of the punch. 【0046】 In this example, a cylindrical punch with a through-hole was shown, but a punch without a through-hole, as shown in Figure 4, may also be used. 【0047】Furthermore, although the above examples described the case where the horizontal cross-section of the punch is circular, the fixing method using a brim retainer is also effective for punches with symmetrical cross-sectional shapes, such as the barrel-shaped punch shown in Figure 2, the rectangular cross-section punch shown in Figure 3(A), and the square cross-section punch. 【0048】 Figure 26(A) shows an example of a rectangular cross-section punch 300, in which linear retaining portions 301 are provided on both sides that form nodes. The brim retainer 310 of the rectangular cross-section punch 300 has the structure shown in Figure 27, and is shaped to fit into the retaining portions 301 as well as into the other sides that do not have retaining portions. In the brim retainer 310 of this example, relief spaces 311 to 314, which will be described later, are provided at four corners. In this example as well, as shown in Figure 26(B), lateral vibration is generated at the node portions in response to the longitudinal vibration of the vibrator. The lateral vibration is maximum at the node position, as shown in Figure 28(A), and gradually decreases as it moves away from the node. As mentioned above, vibration inhibition is suppressed by providing blocking grooves 321 and 322, which have a shape similar to the punch, along the periphery of the hole in the brim retainer 310. Note that the blocking grooves 321 and 322 are omitted in the perspective view of Figure 27. 【0049】 In the case of a rectangular brim retainer 310 as shown in Figure 27, when it deforms due to an external force applied from a vibrating punch 300, the vertical and horizontal deformations interfere with each other if there are corners, as shown in Figure 29. Due to this interference, there is a concern that the inner side surface of the brim retainer 310 will deform in a widening manner. Therefore, as shown in Figure 30 (and Figure 31), relief spaces 312 (313) for vibration absorption are provided at the corners to prevent interference between the vertical and horizontal deformations at the corners. The depth (height) of the relief spaces 311 to 314 is deeper than the blocking grooves 321 and 322. In other words, it is a cavity that penetrates the thickness of the brim retainer 310. By providing relief spaces 311 to 314 at four locations at the corners, the corners become less prone to deformation, and deformation of the inner side surface of the brim retainer 310 can be suppressed. 【0050】The shape of the escape space is not limited to a rectangle; it may be a square escape space 312A as shown in Figures 32(A) and (B), an oval escape space 312B as shown in Figures 33(A) and (B), or a circular escape space 312C as shown in Figures 34(A) and (B). 【0051】 The cross-sectional structure of the rectangular cross-section punch 300 described above when mounted on a press working device is shown in Figure 35(A), and its Y １ -Y ２ The cross-sectional structure of the line is shown in Figure 35(B). The punch 300 is fitted into the brim retainer 310 together with the holding portion 301, and is held in place by being sandwiched between the backing plate 331 and the punch retainer 332, while also being housed in the base plate 330. 【0052】 The above is an example of a punch 300 with a rectangular cross-section, but in a punch 300A with a square cross-section as shown in Figure 36, a holding portion 302 is provided around the circumferential surface which forms the node, and when such a punch 300A is mounted on a press working machine, the cross-sectional structure is as shown in Figure 37(A), and its Z １ -Z ２ The cross-section of the line is as shown in Figure 37(B). Since the holding portion 302 is provided around the punch 300A, the brim retainer 310 also surrounds and holds the entire holding portion 302. In other respects, it is the same as the rectangular punch 300. 【0053】By positioning the punch via the punch retainer and brim retainer, the holding portion where the punch's diameter amplitude is maximum is suppressed, resulting in vibration inhibition. While the punch of this invention has a symmetrical shape, the outer circumference of the brim retainer has a square shape with positioning sides. Therefore, if a hole is provided in the brim retainer to fit with the symmetrical punch, differences in rigidity will occur in different parts. Figure 38 illustrates this, showing that rigidity increases when the radial (lateral) distance is large, and decreases when the radial (lateral) distance is small. As a result, when the maximum lateral amplitude of the flange-shaped holding portion is transmitted to the brim retainer during punch vibration, there is a concern that the brim retainer will not deform uniformly due to the differences in rigidity in different parts, resulting in a distorted shape. Furthermore, if a blocking groove is provided in the brim retainer to block vibration from the punch holding portion, it is necessary to consider the differences in rigidity in different parts of the brim retainer and provide it in a way that prevents a distorted shape. 【0054】 Therefore, as shown in the plan view of Figure 39, four slit grooves 203-3 and 203-4 are provided that are curved along the circumferential direction, separated, and penetrate vertically, thereby blocking vibrations from the punch holding section. The slit groove 203-3 facing the corner is made longer, and the slit groove 203-4 facing the side is made shorter. As shown in the cross-sectional view of Figure 40, the slit grooves 203-3 and 203-4 are grooves that penetrate the top and bottom of the brim retainer 203. 【0055】 In the example shown in Figure 39, the slit grooves 203-3 and 203-4 overlap in the radial direction, but they may be arranged so as not to overlap. 【0056】1 Pressing machine 2 Movable part (upper die) 3 Fixed part 10, 40 Punch 11, 11A, 11B, 41 Holding part 12, 12A, 12B Through hole 21A Punch retainer 21B Backing plate 22 Upper die holder 30 Lower die 32 Lower die holder 50, 160 Vibrator 100 Cylindrical large diameter punch 101-104 Punch piece 111-114 Holding part 131-134 Vibrator 150 Cylindrical punch 200, 231, 330 Base plate 201, 232, 331 Backing plate 202, 233, 332 Punch retainer 203, 230, 310 Brim retainer 210, 211 Shim plate 300, 300A Punch 311-314 Escape Space

Claims

In a press working apparatus in which a vibrator is mounted on the upper part of a punch and a flange-shaped retaining portion is provided on the outer surface of the punch, The horizontal cross-section of the punch is symmetrical, the upper surface of the holding portion abuts against the backing plate, and the lower surface of the holding portion abuts against the upper surface of the punch retainer, A press working apparatus characterized in that a step is provided on the upper part of the punch retainer, a brim retainer is installed on the step, the inner surface of the brim retainer abuts against the outer surface of the holding part, and the outer surface of the brim retainer abuts against the wall surface of the step, thereby fixing the holding part. 　 The press working apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the brim retainer is provided with a groove corresponding to the shape of the holding portion. 　 The press working apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the groove is a blocking groove or a slit groove, or a blocking groove and a slit groove. 　 The press working apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cross-section of the punch is circular, the holding portion is provided around the outer surface of the punch, and the inner circumferential surface of the brim retainer is circular and in contact with the outer surface of the holding portion. 　 The press working apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a shim plate is interposed between the outer surface of the brim retainer and the wall surface. 　 The press working apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cross-section of the punch is rectangular, the holding portion is provided linearly on both sides of the punch, and the rectangular inner surface of the rectangular brim retainer abuts against the outer surface of the holding portion and the outer surface of the punch. 　 The press working apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a rectangular groove is provided along the outer side of the rectangular inner surface of the brim retainer. 　 The press working apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cross-section of the punch is square, the holding portion is provided around the outer surface of the punch, and the inner surface of the rectangular parallelepiped brim retainer abuts against the outer surface of the holding portion. 　 The press working apparatus according to claim 8, wherein a square groove is provided along the outer side of the inner surface of the brim retainer. 　 The press working apparatus according to claim 7 or 9, wherein a relief space is provided at the corner of the groove. 　 The press working apparatus according to claim 10, wherein a shim plate is interposed between the outer surface of the brim retainer and the wall surface. 　 The press working apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein two through holes are provided above and below the punch, sandwiching the holding portion. 　 In a large-diameter press working apparatus in which vibrators are mounted on the upper part of each of a plurality of punch pieces forming a large-diameter cylinder, and flange-shaped holding portions are provided at the same height on the outer surface of each of the punch pieces, The upper surface of each of the aforementioned holding parts abuts against the backing plate, and the lower surface of each of the aforementioned holding parts abuts against the upper surface of the punch retainer, A press working apparatus characterized in that a step is provided on the upper part of the punch retainer, a brim retainer that abuts the outer surface of the holding part is installed on the step, and the outer surface of the brim retainer abuts the wall surface of the step to fix the holding part. 　 The press working apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the brim retainer is provided with a groove corresponding to the shape of the holding portion. 　 The press working apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the groove is a blocking groove or a slit groove, or a blocking groove and a slit groove. 　 The press working apparatus according to claim 13 or 14, wherein a shim plate is interposed between the outer surface and the wall surface. 　 The press working apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the number of punch pieces is 4 or 6.

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