Method for purifying a rotating flow of fluid and vortex centrifugal filter

Abstract

The inventions relate to the field of fluid purification. A method for purifying a rotating flow of fluid consists in the sedimentation of impurities onto a rotating surface, wherein the flow is additionally accelerated by centrifugal spinning as it moves from top to bottom to remove sediments and inhomogeneities having a different viscosity, hardness or specific weight than the fluid undergoing purification. A centrifugal filter comprises a housing, a conical rotating rotor disposed inside the housing and having an open top in communication with a system for supplying a flow of fluid to be purified and an open flared bottom in communication with a system for the removal of waste, and a system for the removal of a purified flow. Disposed inside the rotor is a fixed cone which is closed at the top, wherein the working part of said cone is spaced apart from the working part of the rotating cone by a constant or decreasing gap. In the lower working part of the fixed cone there are mesh windows for the removal of purified fluid from the fixed cone to the system for the removal of a purified flow. The inventions provide for the almost complete purification of any fluid.

Description

[0001]

[0002] Method for cleaning rotating flow of fluid and vortex centrifugal filter.

[0003] The group of inventions is intended for the purification of fluid media (gaseous and liquid) and can be used in the chemical, food, metallurgical, mechanical engineering industries and other sectors of the national economy, in particular:

[0004] Centrifugal filters are widely known. The simplest design includes an outer housing and a central axis around which a rotor rotates at high speed. The fluid to be purified is fed under pressure into the centrifuge and enters the cleaning chamber through the rotor's central axis. See, for example, the invention "Centrifugal Oil Filter" under patent RU2654297 (IPC F01M 1 / 10).

[0005] Cyclone filters are used to purify air and gas mixtures. These filters, for example, use vortex filters, which swirl the flow being purified within the device's working area and utilize the inertial principle to reject dust dispersion onto the inner walls of the working chamber. These filters utilize a variety of filter elements, which can be cleaned during the filtration process or require removal and replacement.

[0006] A cyclonic filter consists of a housing with a conical section and a pipe for inlet of the medium to be cleaned, located tangentially to the housing cavity. This causes the feed stream to rotate, passing along the inner walls of the housing. When the flow impacts the housing wall, dust or other contaminant particles lose velocity and slide down the walls into a hopper. The remaining flow reverses direction and rises up through the central part of the housing and exits into the purified air outlet channel (https: / / cleaning.ru / article / cyclonic-filter).

[0007] A more complex cyclone filter design is described in utility model patent RU190593 (IPC B04C 5 / 24, B04C 7 / 00). The filter comprises a housing with inlet, outlet, and dust chambers, cylindrical cyclone elements with exhaust pipes and semi-volute swirlers, and a spiral-mounted filter element made of lavsan fabric within the cyclone housing.

[0008] The main problem in rotating media filters is the gradual slowdown of the flow, especially with viscous media such as oil.

[0009] Various types of accelerators are used to further accelerate the flow. Utility model patent RU195223 (IPC B04B 1 / 00, B04B 3 / 00), selected as the prototype for the claimed method and device, describes two conical and a cylindrical turbine with blades installed one behind the other. The turbines maintain the required flow speed.

[0010] In a known prototype method, a rotating flow of fluid is purified by depositing contaminants on a rotating surface, while additional acceleration of the flow occurs as it moves from top to bottom.

[0011] A prototype vortex centrifugal filter comprises a housing containing a rotating cylindrical rotor with an open upper section connected to a system for feeding the fluid being purified and an open lower section connected to a waste removal system, as well as a system for removing the purified fluid. In the prototype filter, the rotating rotor is mounted on a central, fixed axis, through which the fluid being purified is fed. A disadvantage of the known method and device is the need to use flow accelerators in the form of turbines, which complicates the design due to the need to drive these turbines and clean the blades. Furthermore, the main drawback is the poor quality of the cleaning process.

[0012] The objective of the present invention is to eliminate the above mentioned disadvantages and to create a method and device that provide a solution to the super task – practically absolute purification of any fluid media.

[0013] The said problem is solved due to the fact that in the method for cleaning a rotating flow of a fluid medium by depositing contaminants on a rotating surface, while additional acceleration of the flow is produced as it moves from top to bottom, according to the invention, additional acceleration of the rotating flow of a fluid medium is produced by centrifugal spinning of the flow with the creation of rotating and downward moving regular vortices for removing sediments and inhomogeneities that have a different viscosity, hardness or specific gravity in relation to the medium being cleaned.

[0014] The centrifugal forces of sedimentation are formed by adding the centrifugal forces from the rotation of regular vortices and the centrifugal force of the cone F = F1 + F2.

[0015] The said problem is also solved due to the fact that in a vortex centrifugal filter, comprising a housing, a rotating rotor located therein with an open upper part connected to a system for feeding a purified flow of fluid medium, and with an open lower expanded part connected to a waste removal system, as well as a system for removing the purified flow of fluid medium, according to the invention, the rotor is made conical, inside the rotating conical rotor there is a fixed cone closed at the top, the working part of which is located at a distance of a constant or decreasing gap from the rotating part of the cone, wherein in the lower working part of the fixed cone there are mesh windows for removing the purified fluid medium from the fixed cone into the system for removing the purified flow of fluid medium.

[0016] In a vortex centrifugal filter, the angles of the working parts of the rotating and stationary cones can coincide.

[0017] In a vortex centrifugal filter, the angle of the conical portion of the internal non-rotating cone may exceed the corresponding angle of the rotating cone.

[0018] A vortex centrifugal filter can have an autobalancer installed on a rotating cone.

[0019] The autobalancer can be made in the form of a ring tube in which steel balls are located in oil, not around the entire circumference, enclosing a rotating cone, connected to the body by means of supports equipped with pressing rollers.

[0020] The gap size between the working parts of the cones is within the range of 5 mm - 50 cm.

[0021] The centrifugal force generated in a centrifuge, which strictly speaking is created by acceleration, is usually expressed as a multiple of the acceleration due to gravity g (g = 9.81 m / s 2 ). Values ​​up to 10,000g are obtained using a simple tabletop centrifuge, while high-speed refrigerated centrifuges can achieve 50,000g.

[0022] Such a centrifugal force in a fairly narrow space between the rotating and stationary cones causes the formation of vortices, and vortices that are regular and do not collapse.

[0023] Rotating vortices generate the same centrifugal forces that are designed to remove sediment and impurities with a viscosity, hardness, or specific gravity different from the medium being cleaned. The resulting vortex flow, rotating within the rotating outer cone, which sets the vortex rotation speed, is further propelled downward by centrifugal forces. As the cone's radius increases during downward movement, so too does the rotation speed of the regular vortices, which act as microcyclones, exerting enormous centrifugal force. Furthermore, particles or dirt rotating with the cleaned medium, upon passing the point of contact with the interior of the rotating cone, also acquire the cone's centrifugal force F = mV2 / R.

[0024] The centrifugal forces of sedimentation are formed by adding the centrifugal forces from the rotation of regular vortices and the centrifugal force of the cone F 1 ,2 = m V2 / R, where R is the radius of the vortices and the radius of the cone, respectively. F = F1 + F2

[0025] The combined force of the two centrifugal forces deposits contaminants on the internal rotating conical surface, they (the contaminants) continue to move downwards and then fall into the contaminant collection tank.

[0026] The size of the gap between the working parts of the cones is selected depending on the task at hand; for example, for cleaning industrial gases from factory pipes, the gap can be large.

[0027] By installing a non-rotating, closed-top cone congruent to the rotating cone in the working zone, a constant or decreasing gap is created between the cones, into which the fluid being cleaned is fed at the required pressure. Since the filter is active, its outer cone rotates, applying pressure for cleaning; the fluid downstream of the filter remains virtually unchanged. Its structural components are designed based on the required feed pressure.

[0028] When entering the narrow space between the rotating and stationary cones, the flow of the cleaned medium swirls, that is, it goes into a vortex motion.

[0029] Furthermore, by gradually increasing the cone diameter (with the gap remaining the same or decreasing it), the rotational speed of the vortex flow of the cleaned medium increases. The diameter of regular vortices is practically equal to the gap, and the rotational speed is equal to the circumference multiplied by the rotational speed of the outer cone per second and divided by the gap. If the gap is decreased or the circumference is increased, the angular velocity of the vortices will increase.

[0030] Thus, without the use of additional accelerators in the form of turbines and other complex structures, an increase in the rotation speed of regular vortices of the cleaned fluid is ensured, which significantly improves the quality of cleaning.

[0031] The achieved technical result consists in improving the quality of purification of the fluid medium by creating a vortex motion of the flow and increasing the speed of rotation of the vortices in the flow.

[0032] Under conditions where the flow forms vortices by rolling over the moving and stationary surfaces of the cones, the vortex flow forms only regular vortices that do not collapse or transition to turbulence, provided they are constantly supplied with energy. This means that the angular acceleration of the vortices must be constant or increasing. This condition is automatically satisfied by the increase in the circumference of the cones as they move downward, as well as by the smooth decrease in the gap between the cones.

[0033] The essence of the invention is explained by the drawings, where Fig. 1 shows the external appearance of the claimed vortex centrifugal filter, Fig. 2 is a cross-section of the filter, Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the flow in the area of ​​the mesh windows in a fixed cone; Fig. 4 is a diagram of the force action on the flow of the purified fluid.

[0034] The claimed vortex centrifugal filter includes the following elements:

[0035] 1 - body (base, frame);

[0036] 2 - fixed cone;

[0037] 3 - rotating cone; 4 - bearings;

[0038] 5 - spring-loaded pressing rollers;

[0039] 6 - auto-balancer supports;

[0040] 7 - electric motor.

[0041] 8 - autobalancer

[0042] The vortex centrifugal filter comprises a housing 1 (base, frame), an electric motor 7 is mounted on the upper part of the housing. Inside the housing 1, a rotating cone 3 is mounted on the shaft of the electric motor 7 with support on bearings 4. The upper part of the rotating cone 3 is connected to the pipeline for supplying the flow of fluid medium to be purified.

[0043] A stationary cone 2, shaped like an inverted conical bowl, is located within rotating cone 3. The upper portion of stationary cone 2 is closed, forming an inverted cone with a spherical apex.

[0044] The conical sections of rotating cone 3 and fixed cone 2 are positioned with a small gap relative to each other. The taper angle is either constant or decreases from top to bottom. Therefore, the gap between the cones is constant or decreases from top to bottom throughout the working section. The gap size depends on the viscosity of the medium being purified and the filter's performance and is determined experimentally. It has been established that the gap size can range from 3 mm to 50 cm. For more viscous fluids, the lower limits of the specified gap size are accepted. The lower the viscosity of the fluid, the larger the gap can be. When purifying gaseous media, the gap can be measured in tens of centimeters.

[0045] It should be noted that the parameters of the proposed system are determined empirically for each specific application. Numerous parameters are taken into account, including the initial pressure of the supplied fluid, the viscosity of the composition being purified, the size and condition of the contaminants, and others.

[0046] An open bottom section is formed between rotating cone 3 and stationary cone 2. A tray is located there to collect waste falling down the wall of rotating cone 3 and transfer it to the waste disposal system.

[0047] In the lower part of the fixed cone 2, mesh windows (openings) are made for collecting the purified flow and transferring it from the inner part of the fixed cone 2 down into the system for removing the purified flow of fluid medium.

[0048] The vortex centrifugal filter has an autobalancer 8 installed on a rotating cone 3.

[0049] The autobalancer 8 is made in the form of an annular square or round tube, enclosing the rotating cone 3, connected to the body 1 by means of supports equipped with rollers pressing the rotating cone.

[0050] The vortex centrifugal filter works as follows.

[0051] Through the supply pipeline for the purified fluid flow, the contaminated fluid enters the upper portion of rotating cone 3 under operating pressure and then into the gap between rotating cone 3 and stationary cone 2. In the narrow gap, the fluid, moving between the moving and stationary surfaces of cones 3 and 2, begins to vortex. Moreover, the downward velocity of the fluid, due to the increasing diameters of cones 2 and 3, gradually increases centrifugal forces, the projection of whose vectors creates forces pushing the flow downward. Since the conditions for vortex acceleration change toward constant or increasing angular acceleration, a constant, non-collapsible vortex motion is ensured, preventing turbulence.

[0052] The sedimented contaminant particles are only accelerated by the rotational velocity of cone 3 and move downward under the action of centrifugal force, sliding along the rotating conical surface from top to bottom until they fall into the waste disposal system tray. The purified fluid flow, through mesh windows in the lower portion of stationary cone 2, enters the stationary cone 2 under the action of centrifugal force, where it descends into the discharge system for the purified fluid flow. The claimed method of vortex cleaning of fluids ensures the deposition of contaminants from regular vortices onto the inner rotating conical surface of cone 3.

[0053] In this case, due to the passage of the flow of the cleaned fluid in the gap between the rotating and stationary conical surfaces with the same taper or taper that ensures a smooth decrease in the gap, the speed of rotation of the vortices in the flow increases due to the creation of regular vortices.

Claims

Invention formula.

1. A method for cleaning a rotating flow of a fluid medium by depositing contaminants on a rotating surface, whereby additional acceleration of the flow is produced as it moves from top to bottom, characterized in that additional acceleration of the rotating flow of the fluid medium is produced by centrifugal spinning of the flow with the creation of rotating and downward-moving regular vortices for removing sediments and inhomogeneities that have a viscosity, hardness or specific gravity different from that of the medium being cleaned.

2. A method for cleaning a rotating flow of a fluid medium according to claim 1, characterized in that the centrifugal force of sedimentation is formed by adding the centrifugal forces from the rotation of regular vortices and the centrifugal force of the cone F = F1 + F2.

3. A vortex centrifugal filter comprising a housing, a rotating rotor located therein with an open upper part connected to a system for feeding a purified flow of fluid medium, and with an open lower expanded part connected to a waste removal system, as well as a system for removing the purified flow of fluid medium, characterized in that the rotor is made conical, a fixed cone closed at the top is placed inside the rotating conical rotor, the working part of which is located at a distance of a constant or decreasing gap from the rotating part of the cone, while in the lower working part of the fixed cone there are mesh windows for removing the purified fluid medium from the non-rotating cone into the system for removing the purified flow of fluid medium.

4. A vortex centrifugal filter according to paragraph 3, characterized in that the angles of the working parts of the rotating and stationary cones coincide.

5. A vortex centrifugal filter according to paragraph 3, characterized in that the angle of the conical part of the internal non-rotating cone exceeds the corresponding angle of the rotating cone.

6. A vortex centrifugal filter according to paragraph 3, characterized in that an autobalancer is installed on the rotating cone.

7. A vortex centrifugal filter according to paragraph 6, characterized in that the autobalancer is designed as an annular tube enclosing a rotating cone, connected to the housing by means of supports equipped with pressing rollers.

8. A vortex centrifugal filter according to paragraph 3, characterized in that the gap size between the working parts of the cones is in the range of 3 mm-50 cm.

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