Microbiota compositions and methods for using the same to prevent or treat cognitive decline

Abstract

In one aspect the present disclosure provides probiotic compositions having at least one gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidatus Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus and methods for treating or preventing cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease or improving cognitive performance in a subject in need thereof by administering said composition. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides method for treating or preventing Alzheimer's Disease or cognitive decline or improving cognitive function in a subject in need thereof comprising performing a fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) to the subject, wherein the FMT comprises at least one gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidatus Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

Description

Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158MICROBIOTA COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR USING THE SAME TO PREVENT OR TREAT COGNITIVE DECLINECROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 733,817, filed December 13, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

[0002] This invention was made with government support under AG089835, GM103629, and GM1 04940 awarded by the National Institutes of Health. The government has certain rights in the invention.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present disclosure relates to probiotic compositions having at least one gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus . Also described are methods for treating or preventing cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease or improving cognitive performance in a subject in need thereof by administering the probiotic compositions or by performing a fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) to the subject, wherein the FMT comprises at least one gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.BACKGROUND

[0004] The following description of the background of the present technology is provided simply as an aid in understanding the present technology and is not admitted to describe or constitute prior art to the present technology.

[0005] Dietary patterns are intertwined with health outcomes across the human lifespan. Diet is particularly important for brain development in adolescents (10-19 years) and youth (15-24 years). Unfortunately, most adolescents are adhering to a Western diet (WD) pattern exhibited by consuming less than 5 food groups per day, with the highest prevalence of consumption being grains, milk products, and meats (Jenkins et al., 2023). This contributes to the adherence to a poor quality diet ranging from 39.8-66.6% in youth aged 2 to 19 years, with an increase in poor diet quality adherence as age increases (Liu et al., 2020). Adherence to the WD in youth has14936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 been associated with poor cognitive function (Kim and Kang, 2017; Kim et al., 2016; Nyaradi et al., 2014; Pilato et al., 2022). By contrast, adherence to nutrient-dense diets such as the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), low in saturated fats and high in fiber from an increase in plant foods and fresh fruit (Willett et al., 1995), is associated with improved cognitive performance in youth with good and average adherence compared to poor adherence (Esteban-Cornejo et al., 2016). The mechanisms by which diet affects cognitive function are multifold and not fully understood, but the gut microbiota may serve as a mechanism for diet-induced changes in cognition.

[0006] Accordingly, there is an urgent need for new probiotic compositions and methods for treating or preventing cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease or improving cognitive function by administering probiotic compositions or fecal microbiota transplants.SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT TECHNOLOGY

[0007] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a probiotic composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and at least one gut bacterial species, wherein the at least one gut bacterial species belong to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus . In some embodiments, the composition comprises two or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments, the composition comprises three or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments, the composition comprises four or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments, the composition comprises five or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments, the composition comprises six or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments, the composition comprises seven or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among24936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus . In some embodiments, the composition comprises eight or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments, the composition comprises eight gut bacterial species belonging to eight distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

[0008] In some embodiments, the composition comprises two gut bacterial species belonging to two distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments, the composition comprises two gut bacterial species belonging to two distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from the group consisting of 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2,3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4,5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6,7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8,9.9, 10.0, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100.

[0009] In some embodiments, the composition comprises three gut bacterial species belonging to three distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, and C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments, the composition comprises three gut bacterial species belonging to three distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, and C are each individually selected from the group consisting of 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9,34936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1,5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3,7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5,9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65,70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100.

[0010] In some embodiments, the composition comprises four gut bacterial species belonging to four distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, and D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments, the composition comprises four gut bacterial species belonging to four distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, and D are each individually selected from the group consisting of 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9,3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1,5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3,7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5,9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100.

[0011] In some embodiments, the composition comprises five gut bacterial species belonging to five distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, and E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments, the composition comprises five gut bacterial species belonging to five distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, and E are each individually selected from the group consisting of 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3,2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5,4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7,6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9,44936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100.

[0012] In some embodiments, the composition comprises six gut bacterial species belonging to six distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, and F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments, the composition comprises six gut bacterial species belonging to six distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, and F are each individually selected from the group consisting of 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100.

[0013] In some embodiments, the composition comprises seven gut bacterial species belonging to seven distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F:G, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F, and G are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments, the composition comprises seven gut bacterial species belonging to seven distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F:G, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F, and G are each individually selected from the group consisting of 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100.

[0014] In some embodiments, the composition comprises eight gut bacterial species belonging to eight distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia,54936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F:G:H, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments, the composition comprises eight gut bacterial species belonging to eight distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F:G:H, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H are each individually selected from the group consisting of 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2,4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4,6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6,8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100.

[0015] In any of the preceding embodiments, the composition comprises a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 5% to about 20%, from about 20% to about 30%, or at least about 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%,54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%,70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%,86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%. In any of the preceding embodiments, the composition comprises a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 5% to about 20%, from about 20% to about 30%, or at least about 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%,58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%,74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%,90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%. In any of the preceding embodiments, the composition comprises a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadales genera at a weight percentage of about 5% to about 20%, from about 20% to about 30%, or at least about 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%,58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%,74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%,90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%. In any of the preceding embodiments, the composition comprises a gut bacterial species belonging to the64936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 Muribaculaceae genera at a weight percentage of about 5% to about 20%, from about 20% to about 30%, or at least about 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%. In any of the preceding embodiments, the composition comprises a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadaceae genera at a weight percentage of about 5% to about 20%, from about 20% to about 30%, or at least about 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%. In any of the preceding embodiments, the composition comprises a gut bacterial species belonging to the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera at a weight percentage of about 5% to about 20%, from about 20% to about 30%, or at least about 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%. In any of the preceding embodiments, the composition comprises a gut bacterial species belonging to theLachnoclostridium genera at a weight percentage of about 5% to about 20%, from about 20% to about 30%, or at least about 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%. In any of the preceding embodiments, the composition comprises a gut bacterial species belonging to the Ruminococcus genera at a weight percentage of about 5% to about 20%, from about 20% to about 30%, or at least about 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%.74936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158

[0016] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient is selected from the group consisting of a stabilizer, a lubricant, a binder, a viscosity agent, a gelling agent, and a thickening agent. In some embodiments, the composition is formulated for oral, rectal, or enteral administration, optionally wherein the composition is formulated as a capsule.

[0017] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for treating or preventing cognitive decline in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the probiotic composition of any one of the preceding embodiments. In a different aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for treating or preventing Alzheimer’s Disease in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the probiotic composition of any one of the preceding embodiments. In some embodiments, the probiotic composition is administered orally, enterally, or as a rectal suppository. In some embodiments, the subject has been diagnosed with, or is at an elevated risk of developing, Alzheimer’s disease optionally wherein the subject at an elevated risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease is asymptomatic and / or is heterozygous or homozygous for the APOE4 allele, or has an elevated polygenic risk score, or a known pathogenic mutation. In some embodiments, the subject exhibits one or more symptoms selected from the group consisting of memory loss, repetitive questioning, difficulty recognizing familiar people or places, poor judgment, trouble with problem-solving and concentration, disorientation, difficulty finding words or following conversations, mood changes, irritability, social withdrawal, suspicion or paranoia, personality changes, difficulty completing familiar tasks, and problems with coordination or movement. In some embodiments, the method is effective for preventing or reducing one or more symptoms selected from the group consisting of memory loss, repetitive questioning, difficulty recognizing familiar people or places, poor judgment, trouble with problem-solving and concentration, disorientation, difficulty finding words or following conversations, mood changes, irritability, social withdrawal, suspicion or paranoia, personality changes, difficulty completing familiar tasks, and problems with coordination or movement. In some embodiments, the method further comprises administering an additional therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of lecanemab, donanemab, donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, memantine, and a combination of donepezil with memantine. In some embodiments, the subject is a human.

[0018] In yet another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for treating or preventing cognitive decline in a subject in need thereof comprising performing a fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) to the subject, wherein the FMT comprises at least one gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria,84936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus . In a different aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for treating or preventing Alzheimer’s Disease in a subject in need thereof comprising performing a fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) to the subject, wherein the FMT comprises at least one gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments, the FMT comprises two or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments, the FMT comprises three or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments, the FMT comprises four or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments, the FMT comprises five or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments, the FMT comprises six or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments, the FMT comprises seven or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments, the FMT comprises eight or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from amongPatescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments, the FMT comprises eight gut bacterial species, wherein the composition comprises gut bacterial species from each of the following genera Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments, the FMT is administered orally, enterally, or as a rectal suppository. In some embodiments, the subject has been diagnosed with,94936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 or is at an elevated risk of developing, Alzheimer’s disease optionally wherein the subject at an elevated risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease is asymptomatic and / or is heterozygous or homozygous for the APOE4 allele, or has an elevated polygenic risk score, or a known pathogenic mutation. In some embodiments, the subject exhibits one or more symptoms selected from the group consisting of memory loss, repetitive questioning, difficulty recognizing familiar people or places, poor judgment, trouble with problem-solving and concentration, disorientation, difficulty finding words or following conversations, mood changes, irritability, social withdrawal, suspicion or paranoia, personality changes, difficulty completing familiar tasks, and problems with coordination or movement. In some embodiments, the method is effective for preventing or reducing one or more symptoms selected from the group consisting of memory loss, repetitive questioning, difficulty recognizing familiar people or places, poor judgment, trouble with problem-solving and concentration, disorientation, difficulty finding words or following conversations, mood changes, irritability, social withdrawal, suspicion or paranoia, personality changes, difficulty completing familiar tasks, and problems with coordination or movement. In some embodiments, the method further comprises administering an additional therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of lecanemab, donanemab, donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, memantine, and a combination of donepezil with memantine. In some embodiments, the subject is a human.

[0019] In one aspect the present disclosure provides a method for improving cognitive performance in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the probiotic composition of any one of the preceding embodiments. In a different aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for improving cognitive performance in a subject in need thereof comprising performing a fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) to the subject, wherein the FMT comprises at least one gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus .

[0020] In some embodiments, the FMT comprises two or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments, the FMT comprises three or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments, the104936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 FMT comprises four or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments, the FMT comprises five or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments, the FMT comprises six or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments, the FMT comprises seven or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments, the FMT comprises eight or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments, the FMT comprises eight gut bacterial species, wherein the composition comprises eight gut bacterial species belonging to eight distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

[0021] In some embodiments, the probiotic composition or the FMT is administered orally, enterally, or as a rectal suppository.

[0022] In any of the preceding embodiments, the subject is a child, an adolescent, an adult, or an elderly subject.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] FIGs. 1A-1D are graphs showing the assessment of ten-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats assigned a Mediterranean Diet (MeDi) or Western Diet (WD) for 14 weeks. Weight in grams (FIG. 1A) did not differ between diet groups. Kilocalories (kcal) consumed did not differ between diets after week 1 (FIG. IB). Serum high-density lipoprotein (FIG. 1C; HDL) did not differ between diets. However, serum low-density lipoprotein (FIG. ID; LDL) concentration was higher in the WD group compared to the MeDi group. Kcal consumption was calculated per animal: [ (grams consumed * kcal / g of diet) / 2)]. Two-Way Repeated Measure ANOVA with Diet, Week, and their interactions were performed with the Sidak method for multiple comparisons for post hoc testing for body weight and kcal. Student’s t-test was114936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 performed for HDL and LDL values. Data are represented as mean ± S.E.M. *p<0.05 MeDi vs WD; ****p<0.0001. MeDi, Mediterranean diet (n=7-10); WD, Western diet (n=7-9).

[0024] FIGs. 2A-2F are plots showing the assessment of microbiota in both mouse treatment groups. At baseline or before behavior, there were no differences in measures of a-diversity including Chaol (FIG. 2A), Shannon (FIG. 2B), or Simpson between the MeDi and WD groups (FIG. 2C). Diet groups did not differ at baseline, but before behavioral analyses (14 weeks of diet consumption) microbial composition was distinct between diets determined by Bray-Curtis dissimilarity (FIG. 2D) and weighted UniFrac (FIG. 2E), but not for unweighted UniFrac (FIG. 2F). Kruskal -Wallis Rank Sum Test was used for differences in a-diversity and data are represented as interquartile range. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance using distance matrices was used to determine differences in P-diversity. Each data point represents an individual animal, the shading represents the diet, and the symbol represents the timepoint. Ellipses represent a 95% confidence level. MeDi, Mediterranean diet (n=7-10); WD, Western diet (n=7-9).

[0025] FIG. 3 are graphs showing that there were gut microbial changes across taxonomic levels between the MeDi and WD groups. Relative abundance and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) values were determined via LEfSe. Relative abundance is represented as an interquartile range. MeDi, Mediterranean diet (n=10); WD, Western diet (n=9). Dashed circles indicate WD enriched microbes.

[0026] FIG. 4 is a graph showing the percent correct alterations measured by the Y-maze between diets. A correct alteration score was calculated as the number of times the three arms were sequentially entered. The percent correct alterations are the number of correct alterations divided by the total number of alterations made. Data are represented as mean ± S.E.M. MeDi, Mediterranean diet (n=9); WD, Western diet (n=9).

[0027] FIGs. 5A-5F are graphs showing the performance of rats in a Morris water maze (MWM) behavioral assessment which indicate better cognitive flexibility with the MeDi across a range of measures. MWM distance to platform (FIG. 5A), MWM overnight forgetting distance (FIG. 5B), and MWM platform quadrant localization (FIG. 5C; percent time in target - opposite quadrant) were measured. Reversal testing, a measurement of cognitive flexibility, was assessed by MWM distance to platform (FIG. 5D), MWM overnight forgetting distance (FIG. 5E), and MWM platform quadrant localization (FIG. 5F; percent time in target - opposite quadrant). Data are represented as mean± S.E.M. MeDi, Mediterranean diet (n=10); WD, Western diet (n=9). *p=0.04, **p=0.006, ***p=0.001.124936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158

[0028] FIGs. 6A-6E are graphs showing the results of Water radial arm maze (WRAM) behavioral assessments, which indicate better cognitive function with the Mediterranean diet (MeDi). Total (FIG. 6A), working memory correct (WMC; FIG. 6B), working memory incorrect (WMI; FIG. 6C), and reference memory (FIG. 6D) errors were, or had a trend to be, lower in the MeDi group. Total errors in the 24-hour delay (trials 3-4) of the WRAM trended lower in the MeDi group (FIG. 6E). Total memory error is the sum of WMC, WMI, and reference memory. Data are represented as mean ± S.E.M. MeDi, Mediterranean diet (n=9); WD, Western diet (n=9). #p<0.01, *p<0.05.

[0029] FIGs. 7A-7W are graphs showing cytokine abundance in the MeDi and WD rats. The Mediterranean diet (MeDi) had a higher concentration of individual pro-inflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines compared to the Western diet (WD). Cytokines assessed included: IL- la, IL-ip, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-12(p70), IL-13, IL-17a, IL-18, IFN-y, TNF-a, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO / KC, M-CSF, MIP-la, MIP-3a, RANTES, VEGF, and MCP-l(FIGs. 7A-7W respectively). One sample in the MeDi was identified as an outlier using the ROUT method for IL-13. Therefore, the animal was excluded from this analysis. Serum was analyzed by a 23-Multiplex. Data are represented as mean ± S.E.M. Units are pg / ml. MeDi, (n=9); WD, (n=7). *p<0.05, **p<0.01.

[0030] FIGs. 8A-8C are graphs showing the assessment of the cytokine profile in the MeDi and WD rats. The Mediterranean diet (MeDi) had a higher concentration of total cytokines (FIG. 8A), pro-inflammatory cytokines (FIG. 8B), and anti-inflammatory cytokines (FIG. 8C) compared to the Western diet (WD) group. Pro-inflammatory cytokines include IL- la, IL-ip, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-12(p70), IL-17a, IL-18, IFN-y, TNF-a, GM-CSF, RANTES, MIP-la, MIP- 3a, MCP-1, G-CSF, GRO / KC, M-CSF, and VEGF. Anti-inflammatory cytokines include IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13. Total concentration is the sum of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines measured in pg / ml. One sample in the MeDi group was identified as an outlier using the ROUT method for IL-13. Therefore, the animal was excluded from this analysis. MeDi, (n=9); WD, (n=7). *p<0.05, **p<0.01.

[0031] FIGs. 9A-9B are graphs showing the fold change in gene expression for the indicated genes in the Hippocampus and Striatum. Markers were measured by qRT-PCR. Data are represented as mean ± S.E.M. ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; VCAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. MeDi, (n=7-8); WD, (n=8);VCAM *p=0.03

[0032] FIGs. 10A-10B are graphs showing the fold change in gene expression for the indicated genes in the Hippocampus and Striatum. Markers were measured by qRT-PCR. Data134936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 are represented as mean± S.E.M. CXCL10, C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10; CXCR3, C-X- C Motif Chemokine Receptor 3. MeDi, (n=7-8); WD, (n=8). *p=0.01, #p=0.054

[0033] FIGs. 11A-11B are graphs showing the fold change in gene expression for the indicated genes in the Hippocampus and Striatum. Markers were measured by qRT-PCR. Data are represented as mean ± S.E.M. IBA-1, Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1; GFAP, Glial fibrillary acidic protein; TREM2, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2. MeDi, (n=8-9); WD, (n=7-8). #p=0.08

[0034] FIGs. 12A-12B are graphs showing the fold change in gene expression for the indicated genes in the Hippocampus and Striatum. Markers were measured by qRT-PCR. Data are represented as mean± S.E.M. BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; PSD95, Postsynaptic density protein 95. MeDi, Mediterranean diet (n=7-8); WD, Western diet (n=8).

[0035] FIG. 13 is a graph showing the diet-modulated gut microbiota correlated with cognitive function. Heatmap of Pearson’s correlation analysis of behavioral assessments and microbiota. R values are indicated by the shading key. Morris water maze, MWM; Water radial arm maze, WRAM. *FDR<0.1, **FDR<0.05, ***FDR<0.01. Dashed boxes indicate values between -0.4 to -1.

[0036] FIG. 14 is a graph showing the diet-modulated gut microbiota correlated with peripheral immune function. Heatmap of Pearson’s correlation analysis of microbiota and serum cytokine. R values are indicated by the shading key. *FDR<0.1, **FDR<0.05, ***FDR<0.01. Dashed boxes indicate values between -0.3 to -1.

[0037] FIG. 15 is a graph of the total errors in a water radial arm maze by WD fed rats receiving a MeDi Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT), MeDi fed rats receiving a WD FMT, and MeDi fed rats receiving a MeDi FMT. Two-way repeated measures between FMT groups. N=8-9 / group. *p<0.03.

[0038] FIGs. 16A-16E are graphs showing biomarker abundance and Morris water maze test results in 5XFAD Alzheimer’s disease model mice fed a control diet, a MeDi, or a WD. MeDi modulates plasma Ap levels, cognition and inflammation. Plasma Ap levels are higher in female and male MeDi-fed group (FIGs. 16A-16B). 5XFAD MeDi mice showed a reduced latency time to reach the platform in the Morris water maze test as compared to the 5XFAD CT and 5XFAD WD mice (FIGs. 16C-16D). Volcano plot comparing all the metabolite intensities between MeDi vs CT diet 5XFAD groups, integrating both Fold Change and statistical significance (FIG. 16E). Statistical analysis: A-B: one-way ANOVA, C-D: two-way ANOVA. * p< 0.05.144936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158

[0039] FIGs 17A-17G are a series of images and associated graphs showing that the MeDi mitigates cognitive dysfunction and brain vascular damage associated with AD. Evaluation of brain perfusion through right posterior cerebral artery (PCA) function: (FIG. 17A) Representative image of the left and right PCA in MeDi-fed female mice after 6 months of diet. Representative pulse wave Doppler images of the right PCA showing increased systolic velocity in a control diet-fed female mouse (FIG. 17C) compared to a MeDi-fed female mouse (FIG. 17B). Brain Doppler was performed to record systolic velocity (FIG. 17D), pulsatility index (FIG. 17E), and resistance index (FIG. 17F). 5XFAD MeDi mice showed a reduced latency time to reach the platform in the Morris water maze test as compared to the 5XFAD CT and 5XFAD WD mice (FIGs. 17G). Statistical analysis: two-way ANOVA. * p< 0.05.

[0040] FIGs. 18A-18D are graphs and western blots showing that the MeDi prevents cardiac dysfunction associated with AD. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) quantification showing that MeDi improves global longitudinal strain in hearts of 5XFAD females (FIG. 18A) and male (FIG. 18B) mice. Western blot showing the expression level of heart ATAD3A and amyloid beta (AP) of female (FIG. 18C) and male (FIG. 18D) mice. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.

[0041] FIGs. 19A-19B are plots showing an ontology analysis of single-cell brain transcriptomes from epithelial cells of 5XFAD mice compared to WT mice. Top significant GO term generated with the upregulated genes in the input gene list derived from the endothelial cell cluster (FIG. 19A). GO analysis was generated using ShinyGO 0.77. Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) dimensional plot of the primary integrated dataset split by sample; list of unsupervised clusters colored by cell-type annotated (FIG. 19B Wildtype (left), 5XFAD (right)).

[0042] FIG. 20 is a graph showing the diet-modulated gut microbiota correlated with cognitive function in a Morris water maze (MWM) assessment. 10-week old male Fischer rats were fed the WD or MeDi (n=8 / group) for 9 months prior to MWM assessment. Heatmap of Pearson’s correlation analysis of behavioral assessments and microbiota. R values are indicated by the shaded key. #FDR<0.15. Dashed boxes indicate values between -0.2 to -1.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] It is to be appreciated that certain aspects, modes, embodiments, variations and features of the present methods are described below in various levels of detail in order to provide a substantial understanding of the present technology.

[0044] The present disclosure is not to be limited in terms of the particular embodiments described in this application, which are intended as single illustrations of individual aspects of154936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 the disclosure. All the various embodiments of the present disclosure will not be described herein. Many modifications and variations of the disclosure can be made without departing from its spirit and scope, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Functionally equivalent methods and apparatuses within the scope of the disclosure, in addition to those enumerated herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing descriptions. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The present disclosure is to be limited only by the terms of the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. It is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to particular uses, methods, reagents, compounds, compositions or biological systems, which can, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.

[0045] In practicing the present methods, many conventional techniques in molecular biology, protein biochemistry, cell biology, immunology, microbiology and recombinant DNA are used. See, e.g., Sambrook and Russell eds. (2001) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 3rd edition; the series Ausubel et al. eds. (2007) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, the series Methods in Enzymology (Academic Press, Inc., N.Y.); MacPherson et al. (1991) PCR 1: A Practical Approach (IRL Press at Oxford University Press); MacPherson et al. (1995) PCR 2: A Practical Approach,' Harlow and Lane eds. (1999) Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual,' Freshney (2005) Culture of Animal Cells: A Manual of Basic Technique, 5th edition; Gait ed. (1984) Oligonucleotide Synthesis,' U.S. Patent No. 4,683,195; Hames and Higgins eds. (1984) Nucleic Acid Hybridization,' Anderson (1999) Nucleic Acid Hybridization,' Hames and Higgins eds. (1984) Transcription and Translation; Immobilized Cells and Enzymes (IRL Press (1986)); Perbal (1984) A Practical Guide to Molecular Cloning; Miller and Calos eds. (1987) Gene Transfer Vectors for Mammalian Cells (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory); Makrides ed. (2003) Gene Transfer and Expression in Mammalian Cells; Mayer and Walker eds. (1987) Immunochemical Methods in Cell and Molecular Biology (Academic Press, London); and Herzenberg et al. eds (1996) Weir ’s Handbook of Experimental Immunology. Methods to detect and measure levels of polypeptide gene expression products (i.e., gene translation level) are well-known in the art and include the use of polypeptide detection methods such as antibody detection and quantification techniques. (See also, Strachan & Read, Human Molecular Genetics, Second Edition. (John Wiley and Sons, Inc., NY, 1999)).

[0046] Clinical studies strongly suggest the importance of diet quality on cognition in youth populations (15-24 years). The Mediterranean diet (MeDi) has been shown to improve cognition164936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 in contrast to the commonly consumed Western diet (WD). One potential mechanism is through modulation of the gut microbiota, as diet directly shapes gut microbiota composition. Accumulating evidence supports the involvement of the gut-brain axis in cognitive function (Gareau, 2016; Lee et al., 2020; Luczynski et al., 2016). Several factors, including environment (i.e., diet, stress, physical activity) and genetics, impact the gut microbiota (Rothschild et al., 2018). However, the largest modulator of gut microbiota is diet, accounting for up to 57% of the variability (Baothman et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2010). Studies have demonstrated that a diet high in fat results in a perturbed microbiota composition that precedes cognitive decline (Saiyasit et al., 2020; Yang et al., 2019). Diet-modulated gut microbiota may impact cognition through immune dysregulation, as unhealthy diets such as the WD result in inflammation in both the gut and brain regions important for memory and learning (Ding et al., 2010; Spencer et al., 2017).

[0047] Strategies aimed at discerning the relationship between diet and cognitive function and related mechanisms have relied on the use of high-fat and chow diets. This has provided a fundamental understanding of the detrimental impact of a diet high in fat compared to a laboratory diet, however, consideration should be taken for the intricacies of diet, including the source of macronutrients such as lipids. Findings from these foundational studies on high-fat and chow diets, are not fully translatable to the WD dietary patterns typically followed by humans (Hintze et al., 2018) or a MeDi, respectively. Recently, pre-clinical studies have begun to explore the impact of interventional diets such as MeDi compared to the WD on health outcomes (Barrington et al., 2018; Johnson et al., 2022; Park et al., 2024; Shively et al., 2020; Shively et al., 2019).

[0048] To build upon this, and in order to mimic human and non-human primate study designs where the MeDi is the intervention and is compared to the typically consumed WD (control) (de Lorgeril et al., 1999; Gene Huguet et al., 2018; H. Al Wattar et al., 2019; Johnson et al., 2022; Shively et al., 2020). Therefore, we explored a 14-week MeDi intervention on fecal microbiota composition, cognitive function, and physiological outcomes relative to a WD, for the first time in young adult male rats. Ten-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned a MeDi or WD for 14 weeks. Prior to neurobehavior assessments, microbiota community composition was assessed. At the genus level, the relative abundance of four bacteria increased with the MeDi and five decreased compared to the WD. Rats in the MeDi group demonstrated cognitive flexibility and improvement in reference and working memory relative to the WD group. At the end of the study, serum cytokines were increased, and low-density lipoproteins were decreased in the MeDi group. Markers for neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier, glial cells, and synaptic plasticity in brain regions did not differ between groups. Overall, the MeDi174936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 modulated gut microbiota, cognitive function, and serum lipid and cytokines but not gene expression in the brain compared to the WD. Importantly, the abundance of the genera Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus were associated with improved cognitive performance in MeDi fed rats. Further experiments performed using Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model mice confirmed that the MeDi improved disease pathology and cognitive performance. Fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) from MeDi fed rats were further shown to improve cognitive function.

[0049] Accordingly, the compositions and methods of the present disclosure are effective for improving cognitive performance in children, adolescents, young adults, middle aged adults, elderly adults, preventing cognitive decline and dementia across the lifespan, preventing Alzheimer's disease in persons with elevated risk (including asymptomatic persons), and treating Alzheimer’s disease.Definitions

[0050] As it would be understood, the section or subsection headings as used herein is for organizational purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting and / or separating the subject matter described.

[0051] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the meaning commonly understood by a person skilled in the art to which this disclosure belongs. Generally, the nomenclature used herein and the laboratory procedures in cell culture, molecular genetics, organic chemistry, analytical chemistry and nucleic acid chemistry and hybridization described below are those well-known and commonly employed in the art. The following references provide one of skill with a general definition of many of the terms used in the present disclosure. Singleton et al., Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology (2nd ed. 1994); The Cambridge Dictionary of Science and Technology (Walker ed., 1988); The Glossary of Genetics, 5th Ed., R. Rieger et al. (eds.), Springer Verlag (1991); and Hale & Marham, The Harper Collins Dictionary of Biology (1991). As used herein, the following terms have the meanings ascribed to them below, unless specified otherwise. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure.

[0052] As used herein, the term “comprising” is intended to mean that the compounds, compositions and methods include the recited elements, but not exclude others. “Consisting essentially of’ when used to define compounds, compositions and methods, shall mean184936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 excluding other elements of any essential significance to the combination. Thus, a composition consisting essentially of the elements as defined herein would not exclude trace contaminants, e.g., from the isolation and purification method and pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, preservatives, and the like. “Consisting of’ shall mean excluding more than trace elements of other ingredients. Embodiments defined by each of these transition terms are within the scope of this technology.

[0053] All numerical designations, e.g., pH, temperature, time, concentration, and molecular weight, including ranges, are approximations which are varied (+) or (-) by increments of 1.0 or 0.1, as appropriate or alternatively by a variation of + / - 20% or + / - 15%, or alternatively 10% or alternatively 5% or alternatively 2%. As will be understood by one skilled in the art, for any and all purposes, all ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subranges and combinations of subranges thereof. Furthermore, as will be understood by one skilled in the art, a range includes each individual member.

[0054] As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. For example, reference to “a cell” includes a combination of two or more cells, and the like.

[0055] As used herein, the term “about” or “approximately” means within an acceptable error range for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, which will depend in part on how the value is measured or determined, z.e., the limitations of the measurement system. For example, “about” can mean within 3 or more than 3 standard deviations, per the practice in the art. Alternatively, “about” can mean a range of up to 20%, up to 10%, up to 5%, or up to 1% of a given value. Alternatively, particularly with respect to biological systems or processes, the term can mean within an order of magnitude, within 5-fold, or within 2-fold, of a value.

[0056] As used herein, the “administration” of an agent or drug to a subject includes any route of introducing or delivering to a subject a compound to perform its intended function. Administration can be carried out by any suitable route, including but not limited to, orally, intranasally, parenterally (intravenously, intramuscularly, intraperitoneally, or subcutaneously), rectally, intrathecally, intratumorally, topically, or other suitable routes herein described. Administration includes self-administration and the administration by another. In some embodiments, a composition of the present disclosure is administered via a fecal microbiota transplant (FMT). In some embodiments, an FMT is administered via colonoscopy, enema, endoscopy with a feeding tube, or swallowed capsules, or any other appropriate route known in the art. “Administration” of a cell or vector or other agent and compositions containing same194936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 can be performed in one dose, continuously or intermittently throughout the course of treatment. Methods of determining the most effective means and dosage of administration are known to those of skill in the art and will vary with the composition used for therapy, the purpose of the therapy, the target cell being treated, and the subject being treated. Single or multiple administrations can be carried out with the dose level and pattern being selected by the treating physician or in the case of animals, by the treating veterinarian. In some embodiments, administering or a grammatical variation thereof also refers to more than one doses with certain interval. In some embodiments, the interval is 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 1 week, 10 days, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 1 year or longer. In some embodiments, one dose is repeated for once, twice, three times, four times, five times, six times, seven times, eight times, nine times, ten times or more. Suitable dosage formulations and methods of administering the agents are known in the art. Route of administration can also be determined and method of determining the most effective route of administration are known to those of skill in the art and will vary with the composition used for treatment, the purpose of the treatment, the health condition or disease stage of the subject being treated, and target cell or tissue. Non-limiting examples of route of administration include oral administration, rectal administration, intraperitoneal, infusion, nasal administration, inhalation, injection, and topical application. In some embodiments, the administration is an infusion (for example via an endoscopy of a subject) over a certain period of time, such as about 30 minutes, about 1 hour, about 2 hours, about 3 hours, about 4 hours, about 5 hours, about 6 hours, about 7 hours, about 8 hours, about 9 hours, about 10 hours, about 11 hours, about 12 hours, about 24 hours or longer.

[0057] As used herein, the term “biological sample” means sample material derived from living cells. Biological samples may include tissues, cells, protein or membrane extracts of cells, and biological fluids (e.g., ascites fluid or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)) isolated from a subject, as well as microbiota, tissues, cells and fluids present within a subject. Biological samples of the present technology include, but are not limited to, samples taken from the microbiota, breast tissue, renal tissue, the uterine cervix, the endometrium, the head or neck, the gallbladder, parotid tissue, the prostate, the brain, the pituitary gland, kidney tissue, muscle, the esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine, the colon, the liver, the spleen, the pancreas, thyroid tissue, heart tissue, lung tissue, the bladder, adipose tissue, lymph node tissue, the uterus, ovarian tissue, adrenal tissue, testis tissue, the tonsils, thymus, blood, hair, buccal, skin, serum, plasma, CSF, semen, prostate fluid, seminal fluid, urine, feces, sweat, saliva, sputum, mucus, bone marrow, lymph, and tears. Biological samples can also be obtained from biopsies of internal organs or from the microbiota. Biological samples can be obtained from subjects for diagnosis or research 204936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 or can be obtained from non-diseased individuals, as controls or for basic research. Samples may be obtained by standard methods including, e.g., venous puncture and surgical biopsy. In certain embodiments, the biological sample is a tissue sample obtained by needle biopsy.

[0058] A “composition” is intended to mean a combination of active agent and another compound or composition, inert (for example, a nanoparticle, detectable agent or label) or active, such as an adjuvant, diluent, binder, stabilizer, buffers, salts, lipophilic solvents, preservative, adjuvant or the like and include carriers, such as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. In some embodiments, the carrier (such as the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier) comprises, or consists essentially of, or yet further consists of a nanoparticle, such as an polymeric nanoparticle carrier or an lipid nanoparticle that can be used alone or in combination with another carrier, such as an adjuvant or solvent. Carriers also include pharmaceutical excipients and additives proteins, peptides, amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates (e.g., sugars, including monosaccharides, di-, tri, tetra-oligosaccharides, and oligosaccharides; derivatized sugars such as alditols, aldonic acids, esterified sugars and the like; and polysaccharides or sugar polymers), which can be present singly or in combination, comprising alone or in combination 1-99.99% by weight or volume. Exemplary protein excipients include serum albumin such as human serum albumin (HSA), recombinant human albumin (rHA), gelatin, casein, and the like. Representative amino acid components, which can also function in a buffering capacity, include alanine, arginine, glycine, arginine, betaine, histidine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, cysteine, lysine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, aspartame, and the like. Carbohydrate excipients are also intended within the scope of this technology, examples of which include but are not limited to monosaccharides such as fructose, maltose, galactose, glucose, D-mannose, sorbose, and the like; disaccharides, such as lactose, sucrose, trehalose, cellobiose, and the like; polysaccharides, such as raffinose, melezitose, maltodextrins, dextrans, starches, and the like; and alditols, such as mannitol, xylitol, maltitol, lactitol, xylitol sorbitol (glucitol) and myoinositol. A composition as disclosed herein can be a pharmaceutical composition. A “pharmaceutical composition” is intended to include the combination of an active agent with a carrier, inert or active, making the composition suitable for diagnostic or therapeutic use in vitro, in vivo or ex vivo.

[0059] As used herein, a "control" is an alternative sample used in an experiment for comparison purpose. A control can be "positive" or "negative." For example, where the purpose of the experiment is to determine a correlation of the efficacy of a therapeutic agent for the treatment for a particular type of disease, a positive control (a compound or composition known to exhibit the desired therapeutic effect) and a negative control (a subject or a sample that does not receive the therapy or receives a placebo) are typically employed.214936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158

[0060] As used herein “cognitive decline” refers to the diminishment of cognitive function associated with aging or disease or disorder in a subject. In some embodiments, Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by cognitive decline symptoms.

[0061] As used herein “cognitive function” refers to a subject’s capacity to perform cognitive tasks. Cognitive tasks include, but are not limited to, speaking, task performance, memory (e.g., recalling facts or past occurrences).

[0062] As used herein, the phrase “derived” means isolated, purified, mutated, or engineered, or any combination thereof.

[0063] As used herein, the term “effective amount” refers to a quantity sufficient to achieve a desired therapeutic and / or prophylactic effect, e.g, an amount which results in the prevention of, or a decrease in a disease or condition described herein or one or more signs or symptoms associated with a disease or condition described herein. In the context of therapeutic or prophylactic applications, the amount of a composition administered to the subject will vary depending on the composition, the effective concentration of the composition, the degree, type, and severity of the disease and on the characteristics of the individual, such as general health, age, sex, body weight and tolerance to drugs. The skilled artisan will be able to determine appropriate dosages depending on these and other factors. The compositions can also be administered in combination with one or more additional therapeutic compounds. In the methods described herein, the therapeutic compositions may be administered to a subject having one or more signs or symptoms of a disease or condition described herein. As used herein, a "therapeutically effective amount" of a composition refers to composition levels in which the physiological effects of a disease or condition are ameliorated or eliminated. A therapeutically effective amount can be given in one or more administrations.

[0064] As used herein, the term “excipient” refers to a natural or synthetic substance formulated alongside the active ingredient of a medication, included for the purpose of long-term stabilization, bulking up solid formulations, or to confer a therapeutic enhancement on the active ingredient in the final dosage form, such as facilitating drug absorption, reducing viscosity, or enhancing solubility.

[0065] As used herein, “fecal microbiota transplant” or “FMT” refers to the treatment of a subject with a microbiota sample from a donor. In some embodiments the subject is treated with an antibiotic prior to the FMT. In some embodiments the FMT is performed without antibiotic treatment. FMT, as used herein, thereby encompasses fecal microbiota transfers and fecal microbiota transplants.224936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158

[0066] As used herein, the term “increase” or “enhance” means to alter positively by at least about 5%, including, but not limited to, alter positively by about 5%, by about 10%, by about 25%, by about 30%, by about 50%, by about 75%, or by about 100%.

[0067] As used herein, the term “isolated,” “purified,” or “biologically pure” refers to material that is free to varying degrees from components which normally accompany it as found in its native state. “Isolate” denotes a degree of separation from original source or surroundings. “Purify” denotes a degree of separation that is higher than isolation. A “purified” or “biologically pure” cell is sufficiently free of other materials such that any impurities do not materially affect the biological properties of the cell or cause other adverse consequences. That is, a composition comprising one or more gut bacterial species of the presently disclosed subject matter is purified if it is substantially free of other cellular material, viral material, or culture medium. Purity and homogeneity are typically determined using analytical chemistry techniques.

[0068] As used herein, the term “isolated cell” refers to a cell that is separated from the molecular and / or cellular components that naturally accompany the cell.

[0069] “Optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described circumstance may or may not occur, so that the description includes instances where the circumstance occurs and instances where it does not.

[0070] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carriers” refers to any diluents, excipients, or carriers that may be used in the compositions disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises, or consists essentially of, or yet further consists of a nanoparticle, such as an polymeric nanoparticle carrier or an lipid nanoparticle (LNP). Additionally or alternatively, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances, such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, polyethylene glycol and wool fat. Suitable pharmaceutical carriers are described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, a standard reference text in this field. They can be selected with respect to the intended form of administration, that is, oral tablets, capsules, elixirs, syrups and the like, and consistent with conventional pharmaceutical practices.234936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158

[0071] As used herein, the term “reduce” means to alter negatively by at least about 5%, including, but not limited to, alter negatively by about 5%, by about 10%, by about 25%, by about 30%, by about 50%, by about 75%, or by about 100%.

[0072] As used herein, the term “separate” therapeutic use refers to an administration of at least two active ingredients at the same time or at substantially the same time by different routes.

[0073] As used herein, the term “sequential” therapeutic use refers to administration of at least two active ingredients at different times, the administration route being identical or different. More particularly, sequential use refers to the whole administration of one of the active ingredients before administration of the other or others commences. It is thus possible to administer one of the active ingredients over several minutes, hours, or days before administering the other active ingredient or ingredients. There is no simultaneous treatment in this case.

[0074] As used herein, the term “simultaneous” therapeutic use refers to the administration of at least two active ingredients by the same route and at the same time or at substantially the same time.

[0075] As used herein, the terms “individual”, “patient”, or “subject” are used interchangeably and refer to an individual organism, a vertebrate, a mammal, or a human. In a preferred embodiment, the individual, patient or subject is a human.

[0076] As used herein, “microbiome” refers to the collective genetic content of the communities of microbes that live in and on the human body, both sustainably and transiently, including eukaryotes, fungi, archaea, bacteria, and viruses (including bacterial viruses (i.e., phage)), wherein “genetic content” includes genomic DNA, RNA such as micro RNA and ribosomal RNA, the epigenome, plasmids, and all other types of genetic information. As used herein, the term “gut microbiome” refers to the collective genetic content of the communities of microbes present in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).

[0077] As used herein, “microbiota” refers to the collective microbes that live in and on the human body, both sustainably and transiently, including eukaryotes, fungi, archaea, bacteria, and viruses (including bacterial viruses (i.e., phage)). “Gut microbiota” as used herein refers to the totality of the microbes present in the GIT, including eukaryotes, fungi, archaea, bacteria, and viruses (including bacterial viruses (i.e., phage)).

[0078] “Substantially” or “essentially” means nearly totally or completely, for instance, 95% or greater of some given quantity. In some embodiments, “substantially” or “essentially” means 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, or 99.9%.244936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158

[0079] As used herein, the term “therapeutic agent” is intended to mean a compound that, when present in an effective amount, produces a desired therapeutic effect on a subject in need thereof.

[0080] As used herein, “prevention” or “preventing” of a disorder or condition refers to one or more compounds that, in a statistical sample, reduces the occurrence of the disorder or condition in the treated sample relative to an untreated control sample, or delays the onset of one or more symptoms of the disorder or condition relative to the untreated control sample.

[0081] “Treating” or “treatment” as used herein covers the treatment of a disease or disorder described herein, in a subject, such as a human, and includes: (i) inhibiting a disease or disorder, z.e., arresting its development; (ii) relieving a disease or disorder, z.e., causing regression of the disorder; (iii) slowing progression of the disorder; and / or (iv) inhibiting, relieving, or slowing progression of one or more symptoms of the disease or disorder. Therapeutic effects of treatment include, without limitation, inhibiting recurrence of disease, alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of any direct or indirect pathological consequences of the disease, preventing metastases, decreasing the rate of disease progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, and remission or improved prognosis. Accordingly, “treating Alzheimer’s disease” or “treating cognitive decline” means that the symptoms associated with the condition are, e.g., alleviated, reduced, cured, or placed in a state of remission.

[0082] It is also to be appreciated that the various modes of treatment of diseases as described herein are intended to mean “substantial,” which includes total but also less than total treatment, and wherein some biologically or medically relevant result is achieved. The treatment may be a continuous prolonged treatment for a chronic disease or a single, or few time administrations for the treatment of an acute condition.

[0083] The compositions used in accordance with the disclosure can be packaged in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. The term "unit dose" or "dosage" refers to physically discrete units suitable for use in a subject, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of the composition calculated to produce the desired responses in association with its administration, z.e., the appropriate route and regimen. The quantity to be administered, both according to number of treatments and unit dose, depends on the result and / or protection desired. Precise amounts of the composition also depend on the judgment of the practitioner and are peculiar to each individual. Factors affecting dose include physical and clinical state of the subject, route of administration, intended goal of treatment (alleviation of symptoms versus cure), and potency, stability, and toxicity of the particular composition. Upon formulation, solutions are administered in a manner compatible with the dosage formulation and in such amount as is therapeutically or prophylactically effective. The formulations are easily254936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 administered in a variety of dosage forms, such as the type of injectable solutions described herein.Compositions of the Present Technology

[0084] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides probiotic compositions comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and at least one gut bacterial species, wherein the at least one gut bacterial species belong to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus .

[0085] In some embodiments the composition comprises two or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera and the second from the Saccharimonadia genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera and the second from the Saccharimonadales genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera and the second from the Muribaculaceae genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera and the second from the Saccharimonadaceae genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera and the second from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera and the second from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera and the second from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera and the second from the Saccharimonadales genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera and the second from the Muribaculaceae genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera and the second from the Saccharimonadaceae genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera and the second from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut264936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera and the second from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera and the second from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera and the second from the Muribaculaceae genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera and the second from the Saccharimonadaceae genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera and the second from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera and the second from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera and the second from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera and the second from the Saccharimonadaceae genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera and the second from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera and the second from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera and the second from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera and the second from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera and the second from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera and the second from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera and the second from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera and the second from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Lachnoclostridium genera and the second from the Ruminococcus genera.274936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158

[0086] In some embodiments the composition comprises three or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, and the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, and the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, and the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, and the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera. In some284936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises294936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the third species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the third species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the third species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial304936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the third species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the third species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the second species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the second species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species314936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 from the Muribaculaceae genera, the second species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the second species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the second species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the second species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises three gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the second species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera.

[0087] In some embodiments the composition comprises four or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fourth324936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the. Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae334936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 genera, and the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second344936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first354936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the364936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the374936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the, Muribaculaceae genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the second species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises four gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the second species from the Candidates384936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 Saccharimonas genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera.

[0088] In some embodiments the composition comprises five or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas394936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition404936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria414936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third424936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the434936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the444936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera.

[0089] In some embodiments the composition comprises six or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fifth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the sixth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fifth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the sixth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fifth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the sixth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus454936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the sixth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the sixth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the464936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the sixth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth474936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the sixth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera.

[0090] In some embodiments the composition comprises seven or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas,484936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments the composition comprises 7 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fifth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the sixth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the seventh species from the Lachnoclostridium genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 7 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fifth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the sixth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the seventh species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 7 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fifth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the sixth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the seventh species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 7 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the sixth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the seventh species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 7 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the sixth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the seventh species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 7 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the sixth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the seventh species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 7 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the sixth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the seventh494936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 species from the Ruminococcus genera. In some embodiments the composition comprises 7 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the sixth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the seventh species from the Ruminococcus genera.

[0091] In some embodiments, the composition comprises eight or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments, the composition comprises eight gut bacterial species belonging to eight distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. In some embodiments the composition comprises 8 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fifth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the sixth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the seventh species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the eighth species from the Ruminococcus genera.

[0092] In some embodiments, the composition comprises two gut bacterial species belonging to two distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera and the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera and the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera and the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises504936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera and the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera and the second species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera and the second species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera and the second species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera and the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera and the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera and the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera and the second species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera and the second species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera and the second species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera and the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each514936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera and the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera and the second species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera and the second species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera and the second species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera and the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera and the second species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera and the second species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera and the second species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera and the second species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera and the second species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with524936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 the first species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera and the second species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera and the second species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera and the second species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises two gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Lachnoclostridium genera and the second species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In any of the preceding embodiments, the composition comprises two gut bacterial species belonging to two distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from the group consisting of 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2,3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4,5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6,7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8,9.9, 10.0, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100.

[0093] In some embodiments, the composition comprises three gut bacterial species belonging to three distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, and C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, and the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, and the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number 534936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, and the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, and the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some544936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the third species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the third species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition554936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the564936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first574936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the third species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the third species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species,584936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the second species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the second species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the, Muribaculaceae genera, the second species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the second species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the second species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the second species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 3 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, the second species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the third species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments, the composition comprises three gut bacterial species594936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 belonging to three distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, and C are each individually selected from the group consisting of 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2,4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4,6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6,8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100.

[0094] In some embodiments, the composition comprises four gut bacterial species belonging to four distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, and D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from theSaccharimonadales genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of604936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the614936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria624936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some634936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, at a ratio644936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the654936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition664936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of674936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third684936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the second species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 4 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the second species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the third species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fourth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments, the composition comprises four gut bacterial species belonging to four distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, and D are each individually selected from the group consisting of 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5,3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7,5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9,8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0, 11,12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100.

[0095] In some embodiments, the composition comprises five gut bacterial species belonging to five distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, and E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the 694936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 fifth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, whereinA, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A,B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth704936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from714936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the724936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B :C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually734936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the744936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the754936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the764936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from774936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 5 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the third species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fourth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the fifth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments, the composition comprises five gut bacterial species belonging to five distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, and E are each individually selected from the group consisting of 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3,5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5,7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7,9.8, 9.9, 10.0, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80,85, 90, 95, and 100.

[0096] In some embodiments, the composition comprises six gut bacterial species belonging to six distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, and F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fifth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the sixth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fifth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the sixth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth784936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fifth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the sixth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the sixth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth794936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the sixth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the804936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the sixth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fifth species from the814936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the sixth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fifth species from the824936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 6 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the second species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fourth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the fifth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the sixth species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments, the composition comprises six gut bacterial species belonging to six distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, and F are each individually selected from the group consisting of 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6,3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8,5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0,8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0, 11, 12,13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100.

[0097] In some embodiments, the composition comprises seven gut bacterial species belonging to seven distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F:G, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F, and G are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 7 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fifth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the sixth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the seventh species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F:G, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F, G are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 7 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fifth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the sixth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, and the seventh species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F:G, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F, G are each 834936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 7 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fifth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the sixth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the seventh species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F:G, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F, G are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 7 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, the sixth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the seventh species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F:G, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F, G are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 7 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, the sixth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the seventh species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F:G, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F, G are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 7 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, the sixth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the seventh species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F:G, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F, G are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 7 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidatus Saccharimonas genera, the sixth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the seventh species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F:G, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F, G are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 7 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the third species from the844936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 Muribaculaceae genera, the fourth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the fifth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the sixth species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the seventh species from the Ruminococcus genera, at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F:G, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F, G are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments, the composition comprises seven gut bacterial species belonging to seven distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F:G, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F, and G are each individually selected from the group consisting of 1.1,1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3,3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5,5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7,7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9,10.0, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100.

[0098] In some embodiments, the composition comprises eight gut bacterial species belonging to eight distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F:G:H, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments the composition comprises 8 gut bacterial species, with the first species from the Patescibacteria genera, the second species from the Saccharimonadia genera, the third species from the Saccharimonadales genera, the fourth species from the Muribaculaceae genera, the fifth species from the Saccharimonadaceae genera, the sixth species from the Candidates Saccharimonas genera, the seventh species from the Lachnoclostridium genera, and the eighth species from the Ruminococcus genera at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F:G:H, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100. In some embodiments, the composition comprises eight gut bacterial species belonging to eight distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F:G:H, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H are each individually selected from the group consisting of 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0,2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2,4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4,6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6,854936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100.

[0099] In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions may comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 5% to about 20%, from about 20% to about 30%, or at least about 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%,53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%,69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%,85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 1%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 2%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 3%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 4%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 5%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 6%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 7%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 8%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 9%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 10%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 11%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 12%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 13%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 14%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to864936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 15%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 16%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 17%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 18%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 19%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 20%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 21%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 22%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 23%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 24%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 25%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 26%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 27%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 28%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 29%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 30%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 31%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 32%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 33%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 34%. In some874936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 35%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 36%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 37%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 38%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 39%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 40%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 41%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 42%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 43%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 44%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 45%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 46%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 47%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 48%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 49%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 50%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 51%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 52%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 53%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial884936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 54%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 55%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 56%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 57%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 58%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 59%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 60%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 61%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 62%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 63%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 64%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 65%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 66%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 67%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 68%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 69%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 70%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 71%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 72%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage894936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 of about 73%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 74%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 75%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 76%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 77%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 78%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 79%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 80%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 81%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 82%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 83%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 84%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 85%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 86%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 87%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 88%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 89%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 90%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 91%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 92%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions904936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 93%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 94%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 95%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 96%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 97%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 98%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 99%.

[0100] In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 5% to about 20%, from about 20% to about 30%, or at least about 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%,54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%,70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%,86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 1%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 2%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 3%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 4%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 5%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 6%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 7%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 8%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage914936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 of about 9%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 10%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 11%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 12%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 13%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 14%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 15%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 16%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 17%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 18%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 19%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 20%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 21%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 22%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 23%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 24%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 25%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 26%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 27%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 28%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions924936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 29%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 30%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 31%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 32%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 33%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 34%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 35%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 36%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 37%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 38%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 39%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 40%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 41%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 42%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 43%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 44%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 45%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 46%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 47%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a934936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 weight percentage of about 48%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 49%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 50%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 51%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 52%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 53%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 54%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 55%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 56%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 57%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 58%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 59%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 60%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 61%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 62%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 63%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 64%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 65%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 66%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 67%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding944936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 68%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 69%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 70%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 71%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 72%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 73%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 74%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 75%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 76%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 77%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 78%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 79%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 80%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 81%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 82%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 83%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 84%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 85%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 86%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia954936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 genera at a weight percentage of about 87%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 88%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 89%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 90%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding compositions comprise a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about 91%. In some embodiments, any of the preceding composition...

Claims

Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158WHAT IS CLAIMED IS1. A probiotic composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and at least one gut bacterial species, wherein the at least one gut bacterial species belong to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus .

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises two or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

3. The composition of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the composition comprises three or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

4. The composition any one of claims 1-3, wherein the composition comprises four or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

5. The composition any one of claims 1-4, wherein the composition comprises five or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

6. The composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the composition comprises six or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

7. The composition of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the composition comprises seven or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

8. The composition of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the composition comprises eight or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among1934936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

9. The composition of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the composition comprises eight gut bacterial species belonging to eight distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

10. The composition of claims 1 or 2, wherein the composition comprises two gut bacterial species belonging to two distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100.

11. The composition of claims 1 or 2, wherein the composition comprises two gut bacterial species belonging to two distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B, wherein A and B are each individually selected from the group consisting of 1.1, 1.2, 1.3,1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4,3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5,5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6,7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7,9.8, 9.9, 10.0, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100.

12. The composition of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the composition comprises three gut bacterial species belonging to three distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C, wherein A, B, and C are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100.

13. The composition of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the composition comprises three gut bacterial species belonging to three distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about1944936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 A:B:C, wherein A, B, and C are each individually selected from the group consisting of1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1,3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2,5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3,7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4,9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100.

14. The composition of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the composition comprises four gut bacterial species belonging to four distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, and D are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100.

15. The composition of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the composition comprises four gut bacterial species belonging to four distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D, wherein A, B, C, and D are each individually selected from the group consisting of 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0,3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1,5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2,7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3,9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50,55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100.

16. The composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the composition comprises five gut bacterial species belonging to five distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, and E are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100.

17. The composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the composition comprises five gut bacterial species belonging to five distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae,Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about1954936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 A:B:C:D:E, wherein A, B, C, D, and E are each individually selected from the group consisting of 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7,2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8,4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9,7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0,9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30,35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100.

18. The composition of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the composition comprises six gut bacterial species belonging to six distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, and F are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100.19 The composition of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the composition comprises six gut bacterial species belonging to six distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F, wherein A, B, C, D, E, and F are each individually selected from the group consisting of 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7,2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8,4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9,7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0,9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30,35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100.

20. The composition of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the composition comprises seven gut bacterial species belonging to seven distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F:G, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F, and G are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100.

21. The composition of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the composition comprises seven gut bacterial species belonging to seven distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae,Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about1964936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 A:B:C:D:E:F:G, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F, and G are each individually selected from the group consisting of 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6,2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7,4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8,6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9,9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25,30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100.

22. The composition of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the composition comprises eight gut bacterial species belonging to eight distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F:G:H, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H are each individually selected from a number between about 1 to about 100.

23. The composition of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the composition comprises eight gut bacterial species belonging to eight distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus at a ratio of about A:B:C:D:E:F:G:H, wherein A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H are each individually selected from the group consisting of 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5,2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6,4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7,6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8,8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100.

24. The composition of any one of claims 1-23, wherein the composition comprises a gut bacterial species belonging to the Patescibacteria genera at a weight percentage of about 5% to about 20%, from about 20% to about 30%, or at least about 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%,50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%,65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%,80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%,95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%.

25. The composition of any one of claims 1-23, wherein the composition comprises a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadia genera at a weight percentage of about1974936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 5% to about 20%, from about 20% to about 30%, or at least about 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%,50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%,65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%,80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%,95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%.

26. The composition of any one of claims 1-23, wherein the composition comprises a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadales genera at a weight percentage of about 5% to about 20%, from about 20% to about 30%, or at least about 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%,49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%,64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%,79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%,94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%.

27. The composition of any one of claims 1-23, wherein the composition comprises a gut bacterial species belonging to the Muribaculaceae genera at a weight percentage of about 5% to about 20%, from about 20% to about 30%, or at least about 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%,50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%,65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%,80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%,95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%.

28. The composition of any one of claims 1-23, wherein the composition comprises a gut bacterial species belonging to the Saccharimonadaceae genera at a weight percentage of about 5% to about 20%, from about 20% to about 30%, or at least about 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%,49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%,64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%,79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%,94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%.

29. The composition of any one of claims 1-23, wherein the composition comprises a gut bacterial species belonging to the Candidates Saccharimonas genera at a weight percentage of about 5% to about 20%, from about 20% to about 30%, or at least about 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%,1984936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%,61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%,76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%,91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%.

30. The composition of any one of claims 1-23, wherein the composition comprises a gut bacterial species belonging to the Lachnoclostridium genera at a weight percentage of about 5% to about 20%, from about 20% to about 30%, or at least about 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%,49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%,64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%,79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%,94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%.

31. The composition of any one of claims 1-23, wherein the composition comprises a gut bacterial species belonging to the Ruminococcus genera at a weight percentage of about 5% to about 20%, from about 20% to about 30%, or at least about 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%,50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%,65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%,80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%,95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%.

32. The composition of any one of claims 1-31, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient is selected from the group consisting of a stabilizer, a lubricant, a binder, a viscosity agent, a gelling agent, and a thickening agent.

33. The composition of any one of claims 1-32, wherein the composition is formulated for oral, rectal, or enteral administration, optionally wherein the composition is formulated as a capsule.

34. A method for treating or preventing cognitive decline in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the probiotic composition of any one of claims 1-33.

35. A method for treating or preventing Alzheimer’s Disease in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the probiotic composition of any one of claims 1-33.

36. The method of claim 34 or 35, wherein the probiotic composition is administered orally,1994936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 enterally, or as a rectal suppository.

37. The method of any one of claims 34-36, wherein the subject has been diagnosed with, or is at an elevated risk of developing, Alzheimer’s disease, optionally wherein the subject at an elevated risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease is asymptomatic and / or is heterozygous or homozygous for the AP0E4 allele, or has an elevated polygenic risk score, or a known pathogenic mutation.

38. The method of any one of claims 34-37, wherein the subject exhibits one or more symptoms selected from the group consisting of memory loss, repetitive questioning, difficulty recognizing familiar people or places, poor judgment, trouble with problemsolving and concentration, disorientation, difficulty finding words or following conversations, mood changes, irritability, social withdrawal, suspicion or paranoia, personality changes, difficulty completing familiar tasks, and problems with coordination or movement.

39. The method of any one of claims 34-38, wherein the method is effective for preventing or reducing one or more symptoms selected from the group consisting of memory loss, repetitive questioning, difficulty recognizing familiar people or places, poor judgment, trouble with problem-solving and concentration, disorientation, difficulty finding words or following conversations, mood changes, irritability, social withdrawal, suspicion or paranoia, personality changes, difficulty completing familiar tasks, and problems with coordination or movement.

40. The method of any one of claims 34-39, wherein the method further comprises administering an additional therapeutic agent.

41. The method of claim 40, wherein the additional therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of lecanemab, donanemab, donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, memantine, and a combination of donepezil with memantine.

42. The method of any one of claims 34-41, wherein the subject is a human.

43. A method for treating or preventing cognitive decline in a subject in need thereof comprising performing a fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) to the subject, wherein the FMT comprises at least one gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

44. A method for treating or preventing Alzheimer’s Disease in a subject in need thereof comprising performing a fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) to the subject, wherein the2004936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 FMT comprises at least one gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

45. The method of claim 43 or 44, wherein the FMT comprises two or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

46. The method of any one of claims 43-45, wherein the FMT comprises three or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

47. The method of any one of claims 43-46, wherein the FMT comprises four or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

48. The method of any one of claims 43-47, wherein the FMT comprises five or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

49. The method of any one of claims 43-48, wherein the FMT comprises six or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

50. The method of any one of claims 43-49, wherein the FMT comprises seven or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

51. The method of any one of claims 43-50, wherein the FMT comprises eight or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

52. The method of any one of claims 43-51, wherein the FMT comprises eight gut bacterial species, wherein the composition comprises gut bacterial species from each of the2014936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-0158 following genera Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

53. The method of any one of claims 43-52, wherein the FMT is administered orally, enterally, or as a rectal suppository.

54. The method of any one of claims 43-53, wherein the subject has been diagnosed with, or is at an elevated risk of developing, Alzheimer’s disease optionally wherein the subject at an elevated risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease is asymptomatic and / or is heterozygous or homozygous for the APOE4 allele, or has an elevated polygenic risk score, or a known pathogenic mutation.

55. The method of any one of claims 43-54, wherein the subject exhibits one or more symptoms selected from the group consisting of memory loss, repetitive questioning, difficulty recognizing familiar people or places, poor judgment, trouble with problemsolving and concentration, disorientation, difficulty finding words or following conversations, mood changes, irritability, social withdrawal, suspicion or paranoia, personality changes, difficulty completing familiar tasks, and problems with coordination or movement.

56. The method of any one of claims 43-55, wherein the method is effective for preventing or reducing one or more symptoms selected from the group consisting of memory loss, repetitive questioning, difficulty recognizing familiar people or places, poor judgment, trouble with problem-solving and concentration, disorientation, difficulty finding words or following conversations, mood changes, irritability, social withdrawal, suspicion or paranoia, personality changes, difficulty completing familiar tasks, and problems with coordination or movement.

57. The method of any one of claims 43-56, wherein the method further comprises administering an additional therapeutic agent.

58. The method of any one of claims 57, wherein the additional therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of lecanemab, donanemab, donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, memantine, and a combination of donepezil with memantine.

59. The method of any one of claims 43-58, wherein the subject is a human.

60. A method for improving cognitive performance in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the probiotic composition of any one of claims 1-33.2024936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-015861. A method for improving cognitive performance in a subject in need thereof comprising performing a fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) to the subject, wherein the FMT comprises at least one gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

62. The method of claim 61 wherein the FMT comprises two or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

63. The method of claim 61 or 62, wherein the FMT comprises three or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

64. The method of any one of claims 61-63, wherein the FMT comprises four or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

65. The method of any one of claims 61-64, wherein the FMT comprises five or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

66. The method of any one of claims 61-65, wherein the FMT comprises six or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

67. The method of any one of claims 61-66, wherein the FMT comprises seven or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

68. The method of any one of claims 61-67, wherein the FMT comprises eight or more gut bacterial species belonging to one or more genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.2034936-8876-9665.1Atty. Docket. No. 136669-015869. The method of any one of claims 61-68, wherein the FMT comprises eight gut bacterial species, wherein the composition comprises eight gut bacterial species belonging to eight distinct genera selected from among Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadia, Saccharimonadales, Muribaculaceae, Saccharimonadaceae, Candidates Saccharimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus.

70. The method of any one of claims 60-69, wherein the probiotic composition or the FMT is administered orally, enterally, or as a rectal suppository.

71. The method of any one of claims 34-70, wherein the subject is a child, an adolescent, an adult, or an elderly subject.2044936-8876-9665.1

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