Communication method, communication device, communication system, storage medium, and program product

Abstract

The present application relates to a communication method, a communication device, a communication system, a storage medium, and a program product. The communication method is executed by a first node, and comprises: sending first information to a second node, wherein the first information is used for indicating a first model, and the first model is used for determining a communication policy of the second node. By means of the present application, the second node can autonomously determine its own communication policy.

Description

Communication methods, communication equipment, communication systems, storage media and software products Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a communication method, communication device, communication system, storage medium, and program product. Background Technology

[0002] In a communication system, to enable terminal-related communication, corresponding communication strategies need to be provided to the terminals. Based on these strategies, the terminals can communicate with the network side. These communication strategies are provided to the terminals by the network side. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This disclosure provides a communication method, communication device, communication system, storage medium, and program product.

[0004] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a communication method is provided. This communication method is performed by a first node. The communication method includes: sending first information to a second node, wherein the first information is used to instruct a first model, and the first model is used to determine a communication strategy for the second node.

[0005] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a communication method is provided. This communication method is performed by a second node. The communication method includes: receiving first information sent by a first node, wherein the first information is used to instruct a first model, and the first model is used to determine a communication strategy for the second node.

[0006] According to a third aspect of the embodiments of this disclosure, a communication device is provided. This communication device is used to perform the communication method as described in the first or second aspect.

[0007] According to a fourth aspect of the embodiments of this disclosure, a communication system is provided. The communication system includes a first node and a second node. The first node is configured to implement the communication method as described in the first aspect. The second node is configured to implement the communication method as described in the second aspect.

[0008] According to a fifth aspect of the embodiments of this disclosure, a storage medium is provided. The storage medium stores instructions. When the instructions are executed on a communication device, the communication device performs the communication method as described in the first or second aspect.

[0009] According to a sixth aspect of the embodiments of this disclosure, a program product is provided. The program product includes at least one of a program and instructions. When the program or instructions are executed by a communication device, they implement the communication method as described in the first or second aspect.

[0010] According to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program is provided. When the computer program is run on a computer, it causes the computer to perform the communication method as described in the first or second aspect.

[0011] According to an eighth aspect of this disclosure, a chip or chip system is provided. The chip or chip system includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured to perform the communication method as described in the first or second aspect.

[0012] Through the embodiments disclosed herein, the second node can autonomously determine its own communication strategy.

[0013] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings required for the description of the embodiments are introduced below. The following drawings are only some embodiments of this disclosure and do not impose specific limitations on the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0015] Figure 1 is an exemplary schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 2 is an exemplary interactive schematic diagram of the UE policy transmission process provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 3 is an exemplary interaction diagram of the communication method provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 4 is an exemplary interaction diagram of the communication method provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 5 is an exemplary architecture diagram of a specific implementation of a communication system provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 6 is an exemplary interactive schematic diagram of an implementation of the communication method provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 7 is an exemplary structural diagram of a communication device provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 8A is an exemplary structural diagram of a communication device provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 8B is an exemplary structural diagram of a chip provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0024] This disclosure provides a communication method, communication device, communication system, storage medium, and program product.

[0025] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication method. This communication method is performed by a first node. The communication method includes: sending first information to a second node, wherein the first information is used to instruct a first model, and the first model is used to determine a communication strategy for the second node.

[0026] In the above embodiment, the first node sends first information instructing the first model to the second node, enabling the second node to determine its own communication strategy using the first model. In this way, the second node can determine its own communication strategy, taking into account its local information, thereby improving the compatibility of the determined communication strategy with the second node and enhancing the efficiency of the second node's data communication.

[0027] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the first information may be contained in a user equipment policy container.

[0028] In the above embodiments, the first model can be carried in a user equipment policy container. Through the user equipment policy container used to pass policy parameters, the first model can be provided from the first node to the second node.

[0029] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the communication strategy may include at least one of the following: access network discovery and selection strategy; user equipment routing strategy; vehicle-to-everything (V2X) strategy; and short-range communication strategy.

[0030] In the above embodiments, the communication strategy may include at least one of an access network discovery and selection strategy, a user equipment routing strategy, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) strategy, and a short-range communication strategy. Thus, the first model can be used to determine at least one of the access network discovery and selection strategy, user equipment routing strategy, V2X strategy, and short-range communication strategy, thereby determining different strategies for different scenarios and improving the flexibility of the communication strategy generated by the first model.

[0031] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments the above communication method may further include: training the first model.

[0032] In the above embodiments, the first node can train the first model. Thus, the first model provided by the first node to the second node can be one that has been trained by the first node. This ensures that the first model provided to the second node can generate the communication strategy for the second node.

[0033] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the operation of training the first model may include: training the first model based on first data, wherein the first data is received from a third node.

[0034] In the above embodiments, the first node can obtain first data from the third node and train the first model based on the obtained first data. In this way, the first model can be fully trained, thereby improving the quality of the communication strategy generated by the second node using the first model and improving the communication efficiency of the second node.

[0035] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the third node may include at least one of the following: unified data storage; unified data management; a second node; network data analysis function; and application function.

[0036] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the operation of training the first model may include: training the first model when a first condition is met, wherein the first condition includes at least one of the following: initial registration; re-registration; change of session subscription data of the second node; new quality of service parameters; new policy parameters.

[0037] In the above embodiments, under circumstances such as initial registration, re-registration, changes in contract data, the existence of new service quality parameters, or the existence of new policy parameters, the first node can train the first model to generate or update the first model. This ensures that the first model provided to the first node is the updated first model, enhances the quality of the first policy generated by the first model, and ensures high communication efficiency for the second node.

[0038] In a second aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication method. This communication method is performed by a second node. The communication method includes: receiving first information sent by a first node, wherein the first information is used to instruct a first model, and the first model is used to determine a communication strategy for the second node.

[0039] In the above embodiment, the first node sends first information instructing the first model to the second node, enabling the second node to determine its own communication strategy using the first model. In this way, the second node can determine its own communication strategy, taking into account its local information, thereby improving the compatibility of the determined communication strategy with the second node and enhancing the efficiency of the second node's data communication.

[0040] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the first information may be contained in a user equipment policy container.

[0041] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the communication strategy may include at least one of the following: access network discovery and selection strategy; user equipment routing strategy; vehicle-to-everything (V2X) strategy; and short-range communication strategy.

[0042] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the above communication method may further include: determining a first strategy based on a first model, wherein the first strategy is used to implement data transmission for a first application.

[0043] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the first strategy may be used by the second node to determine at least one of the following: establishing a new session; using an existing session; or performing a network reselection.

[0044] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the first strategy may be determined based on second data, which includes at least one of the following: information of the first application; data of the first application; network condition information of the second node; trajectory data of the second node.

[0045] In a third aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication device. This communication device is disposed at a first node. The communication device includes a transceiver module. The transceiver module is configured to send first information to a second node, wherein the first information is used to instruct a first model, and the first model is used to determine the communication strategy of the second node.

[0046] In conjunction with some embodiments of the third aspect, in some embodiments, the first information may be contained in a user equipment policy container.

[0047] In conjunction with some embodiments of the third aspect, in some embodiments, the communication strategy may include at least one of the following: access network discovery and selection strategy; user equipment routing strategy; vehicle-to-everything (V2X) strategy; and short-range communication strategy.

[0048] In conjunction with some embodiments of the third aspect, in some embodiments, the communication device described above may further include a processing module. The processing module may be configured to train the first model.

[0049] In conjunction with some embodiments of the third aspect, in some embodiments, the processing module may be configured to: train a first model based on first data, wherein the first data is received from a third node.

[0050] In conjunction with some embodiments of the third aspect, in some embodiments, the third node may include at least one of the following: unified data storage; unified data management; a second node; network data analysis function; and application function.

[0051] In conjunction with some embodiments of the third aspect, in some embodiments, the processing module can be configured to: train the first model when a first condition is met, wherein the first condition includes at least one of the following: initial registration; re-registration; change of session subscription data of the second node; new quality of service parameters; new policy parameters.

[0052] In a fourth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication device. This communication device is disposed at a second node. The communication device includes a transceiver module. The transceiver module is configured to receive first information sent by a first node, wherein the first information is used to indicate a first model, and the first model is used to determine the communication strategy of the second node.

[0053] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the first information may be contained in a user equipment policy container.

[0054] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the communication strategy may include at least one of the following: an access network discovery and selection strategy; a user equipment routing strategy; a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) strategy; and a short-range communication strategy.

[0055] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the communication device described above may further include a processing module. The processing module may be configured to: determine a first strategy based on a first model, wherein the first strategy is used to implement data transmission for a first application.

[0056] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the first strategy may be used by the second node to determine at least one of the following: establishing a new session; using an existing session; or performing a network reselection.

[0057] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the first strategy may be determined based on second data, which includes at least one of the following: information of the first application; data of the first application; network condition information of the second node; trajectory data of the second node.

[0058] In a fifth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication device. The communication device includes one or more processors and a memory storing instructions. When executed by the communication device, the instructions cause the communication device to implement the communication method as described in any one of the first aspect, the second aspect, and their possible embodiments.

[0059] In a sixth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication system. The communication system includes a first node and a second node. The first node is configured to implement the communication method as described in any one of the first aspects and their possible embodiments. The second node is configured to implement the communication method as described in any one of the second aspects and their possible embodiments.

[0060] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a storage medium storing instructions. When executed on a communication device, the instructions cause the communication device to perform the communication method as described in any one of the first, second, and possible implementations thereof.

[0061] In an eighth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a program product. The program product includes at least one of a program and instructions. When executed by a communication device, the program or instructions implement the communication method as described in any one of the first aspect, the second aspect, and their possible embodiments.

[0062] In a ninth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a computer program. When this computer program is run on a computer, it causes the computer to perform the communication method as described in any one of the first aspect, the second aspect, and their possible implementations.

[0063] In a tenth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a chip or chip system. The chip or chip system includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured to perform a communication method as described in any one of the first aspect, the second aspect, and their possible implementations.

[0064] It is understood that the aforementioned communication devices, communication systems, storage media, program products, computer programs, chips, chip systems, etc., are all used to execute the communication methods provided in the embodiments of this disclosure. Therefore, the beneficial effects they can achieve can be referred to the beneficial effects in the corresponding methods, and will not be repeated here.

[0065] This disclosure provides a communication method, a communication device, a communication system, a storage medium, and a program product. In some embodiments, the terms "communication method" and "information processing method" are interchangeable. In some embodiments, the terms "communication apparatus," "communication device," and "information processing apparatus" are interchangeable. In some embodiments, the terms "information processing system" and "communication system" are interchangeable.

[0066] This disclosure is not exhaustive, but merely illustrative of some embodiments, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure. Unless otherwise specified, each step in a particular embodiment can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the steps can be arbitrarily combined. For example, a solution after removing some steps in a particular embodiment can also be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the order of the steps in a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily interchanged. Furthermore, the optional implementations in a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily combined. Moreover, the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined. For example, some or all steps of different embodiments can be arbitrarily combined. As another example, a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily combined with optional implementations of other embodiments. In all embodiments of this disclosure, unless otherwise specified or logically conflicting, the terminology and / or descriptions between the embodiments are consistent and can be mutually referenced. Technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments based on their inherent logical relationships.

[0067] The terminology used in the embodiments of this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0068] In this embodiment of the disclosure, unless otherwise stated, elements expressed in the singular form, such as "a," "an," "the," "the," "the," "the," "the," "the," "this," etc., can mean "one and only one," or "one or more," "at least one," etc. For example, when using articles such as "a," "an," "the," etc. in translation, the noun following the article can be understood as either a singular expression or a plural expression.

[0069] In the embodiments disclosed herein, "multiple" refers to two or more.

[0070] In some embodiments, the terms “at least one of”, “one or more”, “a plurality of”, “multiple”, etc., may be used interchangeably.

[0071] In some embodiments, the notation "at least one of A and B", "A and / or B", "A in one case, B in another", "in response to one case A, in response to another case B", etc., may include the following technical solutions depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (execute A regardless of B); in some embodiments, B (execute B regardless of A); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed); in some embodiments, A and B (both A and B are executed). The same applies when there are more branches such as A, B, C, etc.

[0072] In some embodiments, the notation "A or B" may include the following technical solutions, depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (execution of A regardless of B); in some embodiments, B (execution of B regardless of A); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed). The same applies when there are more branches such as A, B, C, etc.

[0073] The prefixes "first," "second," etc., used in the embodiments of this disclosure are merely for distinguishing different descriptive objects and do not impose restrictions on the position, order, priority, quantity, or content of the descriptive objects. The description of the descriptive objects is found in the claims or the context of the embodiments, and the use of prefixes should not constitute unnecessary restrictions. For example, if the descriptive object is a "field," the ordinal numbers preceding "field" in "first field" and "second field" do not restrict the position or order of the "fields." "First" and "second" do not restrict whether the "fields" they modify are in the same message, nor do they restrict the order of "first field" and "second field." Similarly, if the descriptive object is a "level," the ordinal numbers preceding "level" in "first level" and "second level" do not restrict the priority between "levels." Furthermore, the number of descriptive objects is not limited by ordinal numbers and can be one or more. For example, in "first device," the number of "devices" can be one or more. Furthermore, the objects modified by different prefixes can be the same or different. For example, if the object being described is "device", then "first device" and "second device" can be the same device or different devices, and their types can be the same or different. Similarly, if the object being described is "information", then "first information" and "second information" can be the same information or different information, and their content can be the same or different.

[0074] In some embodiments, “including A,” “containing A,” “for indicating A,” and “carrying A” can be interpreted as directly carrying A or indirectly indicating A.

[0075] In some embodiments, the terms “in response to…”, “in response to determining…”, “in the case of…”, “when…”, “if…”, “if…”, etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0076] In some embodiments, devices, etc., can be interpreted as physical or virtual, and their names are not limited to the names recorded in the embodiments. Terms such as “device”, “equipment”, “circuit”, “network element”, “node”, “function”, “unit”, “section”, “system”, “network”, “chip”, “chip system”, “entity”, and “subject” can be used interchangeably.

[0077] In some embodiments, "network" can be interpreted as devices included in a network (e.g., access network devices, core network devices, etc.).

[0078] In some embodiments, the terms "access network device (AN device)," "radio access network device (RAN device)," "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "node," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "antenna panel," "antenna array," "cell," "macro cell," "small cell," "femto cell," "pico cell," "sector," "cell group," "serving cell," "carrier," "component carrier," and "bandwidth part (BWP)" can be used interchangeably.

[0079] In some embodiments, the terms "terminal", "terminal device", "user equipment (UE)", "user terminal", "mobile station (MS)", "mobile terminal (MT)", "subscriber station", "mobile unit", "subscriber unit", "wireless unit", "remote unit", "mobile device", "wireless device", "wireless communication device", "remote device", "mobile subscriber station", "access terminal", "mobile terminal", "wireless terminal", "remote terminal", "handset", "user agent", "mobile client", and "client" can be used interchangeably.

[0080] In some embodiments, access network devices, core network devices, or network devices can be replaced by terminals. For example, embodiments of this disclosure can also be applied to structures where communication between access network devices, core network devices, or network devices and terminals is replaced by communication between multiple terminals (e.g., device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), etc.). In this case, the structure can also be configured such that the terminal has all or part of the functions of the access network device. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can be replaced with terms corresponding to communication between terminals (e.g., "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., can be replaced with sidelink channel, and uplink link, downlink, etc., can be replaced with sidelink link.

[0081] In some embodiments, the terminal may be replaced by an access network device, a core network device, or a network device. In this case, the access network device, core network device, or network device may also be configured to have all or some of the functions of the terminal.

[0082] In some embodiments, the acquisition of data, information, etc., may comply with the laws and regulations of the country where the location is situated.

[0083] In some embodiments, data, information, etc., may be obtained with the user's consent.

[0084] Furthermore, each element, each row, or each column in the table of this disclosure can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and any combination of any element, any row, or any column can also be implemented as an independent embodiment.

[0085] Figure 1 is an exemplary schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 1, the communication system 100 includes a terminal 101, an access network device 102, and a core network (or core network device) 103.

[0086] In some embodiments, terminal 101 includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: mobile phone, wearable device, Internet of Things device, car with communication function, smart car, tablet computer, computer with wireless transceiver function, virtual reality (VR) terminal device, augmented reality (AR) terminal device, wireless terminal device in industrial control, wireless terminal device in self-driving, wireless terminal device in remote medical surgery, wireless terminal device in smart grid, wireless terminal device in transportation safety, wireless terminal device in smart city, and wireless terminal device in smart home.

[0087] In some embodiments, the access network device 102 is, for example, a node or device that connects the terminal 101 to a wireless network. In some embodiments, the access network device 102 may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following in a 5G communication system: an evolved Node B (eNB), a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), a next-generation Node B (gNB), a node B (NB), a home node B (HNB), a home evolved node B (HeNB), a radio backhaul device, a radio network controller (RNC), a base station controller (BSC), a base transceiver station (BTS), a base band unit (BBU), a mobile switching center, a base station in a 6G communication system, an open RAN, a cloud RAN, a base station in other communication systems, and an access node in a Wi-Fi system.

[0088] In some embodiments, the technical solutions of this disclosure can be applied to Open Radio Access Network (Open RAN) architectures. In this case, the interfaces between or within access network devices involved in the embodiments of this disclosure can be transformed into internal interfaces of Open RAN. The processes and information interactions between these internal interfaces can be implemented by software or programs.

[0089] In some embodiments, the access network device 102 may be composed of a central unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU). The CU may also be called a control unit. The CU-DU structure can separate the protocol layer of the access network device. Some of the protocol layer functions are centrally controlled by the CU, while the remaining part or all of the protocol layer functions are distributed in the DU and centrally controlled by the CU. However, this is not the only possibility.

[0090] In some embodiments, the core network 103 may be a single device, including a first network element 1031, a second network element 1032, a third network element 1033, a fourth network element 1034, etc. In some embodiments, the core network 103 may be multiple devices or a group of devices, including all or some of the first network element 1031, the second network element 1032, the third network element 1033, the fourth network element 1034, etc. Network elements may be virtual or physical. The core network 103 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), and a Next Generation Core (NGC).

[0091] In some embodiments, the first network element 1031 may be used, for example, to support a unified policy framework, provide policy rules, etc., and its name is not limited thereto.

[0092] In some embodiments, the first network element 1031 may be, for example, a policy control function (PCF).

[0093] In some embodiments, the second network element 1032 may be used to be responsible for registration management, connection management, accessibility management, mobility management, security and access management, and authorization, and its name is not limited thereto.

[0094] In some embodiments, the second network element 1032 may be, for example, an access and mobility management function (AMF).

[0095] In some embodiments, the third network element 1033 may be responsible for the storage and / or management of data such as user identification data, subscription data, and authentication data, and its name is not limited thereto.

[0096] In some embodiments, the third network element 1033 may be, for example, a unified data management (UDM).

[0097] In some embodiments, the third network element 1033 may be, for example, a unified data repository (UDR).

[0098] In some embodiments, the fourth network element 1034 may be responsible for providing various services at the application layer, and its name is not limited thereto.

[0099] In some embodiments, the fourth network element 1034 may be, for example, an application function (AF).

[0100] In some embodiments, the fourth network element 1034 may be located outside or inside the core network 103, and this disclosure does not specifically limit this. In one example, the fourth network element 1034 may be part of the core network 103. In another example, the fourth network element 1034 may be independent of the core network 103.

[0101] It is understood that the communication system described in this disclosure is for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of this disclosure, and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions proposed in this disclosure. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of system architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions proposed in this disclosure are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0102] The following embodiments of this disclosure can be applied to the communication system 100 shown in FIG1, or to some of the entities, but are not limited thereto. The entities shown in FIG1 are exemplary. The communication system may include all or some of the entities in FIG1, or may include other entities besides those in FIG1. ​​The entities can have any number and form. The entities can be physical or virtual. The connection relationships between the entities are exemplary. The entities may be unconnected or connected. The connection between the entities can be in any manner. For example, the connection between the entities can be a direct connection or an indirect connection, a wired connection or a wireless connection.

[0103] The embodiments disclosed herein can be applied to Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G new radio (NR), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), and IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Bluetooth (a registered trademark), Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) networks, Device-to-Device (D2D) systems, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) systems, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) systems, systems utilizing other communication methods, and next-generation systems built upon them, etc. Furthermore, multiple systems can be combined (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A with 5G).

[0104] First, the important concepts involved in the embodiments of this disclosure will be explained.

[0105] 1. Artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities

[0106] As a mobile communication technology standard proposed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), IMT-2020 incorporates enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC), and massive machine-type communication (mMTC) in ITU-R (ITU-R Radiocommunications Sector) Recommendation M.2083. In some embodiments, the use cases for IMT-2030 are expected to expand upon IMT-2020 to accommodate a wider range of application needs. These needs require evolved and new capabilities to meet. In addition to expanding the use cases of IMT-2020, IMT-2030 is also expected to support new use cases enabled by capabilities such as AI and sensing, capabilities not designed for in previous generations of IMT.

[0107] In some embodiments, the use cases of IMT-2030 include: AI communication, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), immersive communication, massive communication, hyper-reliable and low-latency communication, and ubiquitous communication.

[0108] In some embodiments, distributed computing and AI applications will be supported in AI communication use cases. Typical use cases for this scenario may include IMT-2030-assisted autonomous driving, autonomous collaboration between devices in medical assistance applications, offloading of heavy computational operations across devices and networks, and the creation and prediction of digital twins.

[0109] In some embodiments, AI communication use cases will require support for high regional traffic capacity and high user experience data rates, as well as low latency and high reliability, depending on the specific use case. Beyond communication, this use case is expected to include a range of new capabilities related to integrating AI and computing functions into IMT-2030. In some embodiments, these new capabilities include: acquisition, preparation, and processing of data from diverse sources; distributed AI model training; model sharing and distributed inference across IMT systems; and orchestration and linking of computing resources.

[0110] In some embodiments, IMT-2030 is expected to offer enhanced capabilities compared to IMT-2020 as described in ITU-R Recommendation M.2083, as well as new capabilities to support expanded use cases for IMT-2030. Furthermore, each capability may have different relevance and applicability in different use cases.

[0111] In some implementations, the capabilities of IMT-2030 include: peak data rate, user experience data rate, spectrum efficiency, regional traffic capacity, connection density, mobility, latency, reliability, security and resilience, coverage, positioning accuracy, sensing-related capabilities, applicable AI-related capabilities, sustainability, and interoperability.

[0112] In some embodiments, applicable AI-related capabilities refer to the ability to provide certain functions in IMT-2030 to support AI-enabled applications. These functions include distributed data processing, distributed learning, AI computation, AI model execution, and AI model inference, among others.

[0113] In some embodiments, interoperability refers to wireless interfaces based on member inclusion and transparency to enable functionality between different entities in the system.

[0114] 2. UE Policy Control

[0115] In the 5G core network, the PCF can provide policy information to the UE. This UE policy information indicates the UE policy used by the UE to achieve communication. This UE policy can also be referred to as the UE's communication policy.

[0116] In some embodiments, UE policy information may include: access network discovery and selection policy (ANDSP), UE route selection policy (URSP), vehicle-to-things policy (V2XP), and proximity service policy (ProSeP).

[0117] In some embodiments, a UE can use an access network discovery selection policy to select a non-3GPP access network. In one example, the access network discovery selection policy can be used to enable the UE to select the most suitable access network at the appropriate time and place to obtain the optimal network application experience.

[0118] In some embodiments, the UE can use a UE routing policy to determine how to route outbound traffic. In other words, the UE routing policy can be used to determine the routing direction of traffic. In one example, traffic may be routed to an established packet data unit (PDU) session. In another example, traffic may be diverted to a non-3GPP access point outside the PDU session. In one example, traffic may be routed to a network relay via a ProSe layer 3 UE located outside the PDU session. In yet another example, traffic may trigger the establishment of a new PDU session.

[0119] In some embodiments, the vehicle-to-everything (V2X) policy can provide configuration parameters for the UE for communication at the PC5 reference point, communication at the Uu reference point, or communication at both.

[0120] In some embodiments, the proximity service policy provides configuration parameters for the UE for ProSe direct discovery, ProSe direct communication, ProSe UE-network relay, and remote UE.

[0121] It is understandable that the access network discovery and selection policy and the UE routing policy are two components of the UE policy. The access network discovery and selection policy is used by the UE to select a non-3GPP access network, while the UE routing policy is used to determine how the UE routes traffic.

[0122] 3.URSP

[0123] URSP can include a list of URSP rules in a priority order.

[0124] In some embodiments, the information contained in the URSP is given in Table 1.

[0125] Table 1: UE routing selection strategy. In some embodiments, the structure of URSP rules is described in Tables 2 and 3.

[0126] Table 2: UE Routing Selection Policy Rules

[0127] Table 3: Route Selection Descriptor (RSD)

[0128] In some embodiments, the session and service continuity (SSC) mode indicates that traffic for matching applications should be routed through PDU sessions that support the included SSC modes.

[0129] In some embodiments, the redundant sequence number is a parameter associated with a redundant PDU session.

[0130] In some embodiments, the UE configuration update process can be used to implement transparent UE policy delivery.

[0131] In some embodiments, a UE configuration update process is initiated when the PCF wants to update the UE policy information (i.e., UE policy) in the UE configuration. In non-roaming scenarios, the visited PCF (V-PCF) is not involved, and the role of the home PCF (H-PCF) is played by the PCF. In roaming scenarios, the V-PCF interacts with the AMF, and the H-PCF interacts with the V-PCF.

[0132] In some embodiments, for the purpose of USRP transmission via an evolved packet system (EPS), the transmission process of the UE policy container from SMF+PGW-C to the UE can be performed.

[0133] Figure 2 is an exemplary interactive schematic diagram of the UE policy transmission process provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0134] In step 0, the PCF determines to update the UE policy based on triggering conditions. Triggering conditions include, for example, initial registration, registration to 5GS when the UE moves from EPS to 5G system (5GS), or the need to update the UE policy.

[0135] In some embodiments, the triggering conditions may include: (1) For the case of initial registration or re-registration to 5GS when the UE moves from EPS to 5GS, the PCF compares the list of policy selection identifiers (PSIs) included in the UE policy information in the Npcf_UEPolicyControl_Create request and determines whether the UE policy information must be updated and provided to the UE via AMF using a DL NAS TRANSPORT message. (2) For the case of network-triggered UE policy updates (e.g., UE location change, subscription S-NSSAI change), the PCF checks the latest PSI list to determine the UE policy that must be sent to the UE.

[0136] In some embodiments, the PCF checks whether the size of the resulting UE policy information exceeds a predetermined threshold. In one example, if the size is below the threshold, the UE policy information is included in a single Namf_Communication_N1N2MessageTransfer service operation as described below. In another example, if the size exceeds the preset threshold, the PCF divides the UE policy information into smaller, logically independent UE policy information segments to ensure that the size of each UE policy information segment is below the preset threshold. Each UE policy information segment is sent via separate Namf_Communication_N1N2MessageTransfer service operations as described below.

[0137] In step 0a, if the PCF has not yet subscribed to the AMF for notifications related to the UE's response to UE policy information updates, the PCF subscribes to the AMF for notifications related to the UE's response to UE policy information updates.

[0138] In step 1, the PCF initiates the Namf_Communication_N1N2MessageTransfer service operation provided by the AMF. This message includes the subscription permanent identifier (SUPI) and the UE policy container.

[0139] In step 2, if the UE is registered and is reachable by the AMF via 3GPP access or non-3GPP access, the AMF should transparently transfer the UE policy container to the UE through the registered and reachable access.

[0140] In some embodiments, if the UE is registered in both 3GPP and non-3GPP access and is accessible and served by the same AMF through both access methods, the AMF will transparently transfer the UE policy container to the UE through one of the two access methods based on the AMF local policy.

[0141] In some embodiments, if the UE is unreachable by the AMF through both 3GPP and non-3GPP access, the AMF will report to the PCF via Namf_Communication_N1N2TransferFailureNotification that the UE policy container cannot be delivered to the UE.

[0142] In some embodiments, if the AMF decides to transparently transfer the UE policy container to the UE via 3GPP access—for example, if the UE is registered only in 3GPP access and is reachable by the AMF, or if the UE is registered in both 3GPP and non-3GPP access served by the same AMF and is reachable by the AMF, the AMF decides to transparently transfer the UE policy container to the UE via 3GPP access based on its local policy, and the UE is in CM-IDLE (Connection Management-Idle) state and reachable by the AMF in 3GPP access—then the AMF initiates a paging procedure by sending a paging message described in a network-triggered service request. Upon receiving a paging request, the UE should initiate a UE-triggered service request procedure.

[0143] In step 3, if the UE is in CM-CONNECTED (Connection Management - Connection) state on 3GPP access or non-3GPP access, the AMF transparently transfers the UE policy container (UE policy information) received from the PCF to the UE. The UE policy container includes a list of policy terms.

[0144] In step 4, the UE updates using the UE policy provided by the PCF and sends the result to the AMF.

[0145] In step 5, the AMF forwards the UE's response to the PCF via Namf_Communication_N1MessageNotify (Namf_Communication_N1N2 Message Notification).

[0146] In some embodiments, the PCF maintains the latest PSI list passed to the UE and updates it to the latest PSI list in the UDR by initiating the Nudr_DM_Update service operation (SUPI, policy data, policy set entry, updated PSI data).

[0147] In some embodiments, if a notification from the AMF regarding a UE policy delivery failure reaches the PCF, the PCF can initiate a UE policy association modification process, triggering a new "connectivity state change" from the policy control request that provides the UE policy association to the AMF. If the PCF is notified that the UE's connectivity state has changed to connected, the PCF can re-initiate the UE configuration update process for transparent UE policy delivery.

[0148] In some embodiments, as described above, the PCF can generate or update URSP rules in the URSP and pass the resulting URSP rules to the UE. The UE can use the URSP rules to determine the parameters of the PDU session.

[0149] However, the types and / or values ​​of parameters in the URSP rules generated or updated by the PCF are limited. In some cases, the URSP rules provided by the PCF are insufficient for the UE to select or determine appropriate QoS parameters and / or policies. A key reason for this is that the URSP rules provided by the PCF do not take into account UE-related information and / or data, such as application data, historical data, network conditions, UE trajectory, etc.

[0150] Therefore, how to provide the optimal UE strategy is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0151] Figure 3 is an exemplary interactive schematic diagram of a communication method provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The communication method involved in this embodiment can be applied to a communication system 100. As shown in Figure 3, the communication method of this embodiment includes steps S301 to S308.

[0152] In step S301, the first network element 1031 determines the training of the first model.

[0153] In some embodiments, the first network element 1031 may be a PCF.

[0154] In some embodiments, the first network element 1031 may be referred to as the first node.

[0155] In some embodiments, the first network element 1031 may support AI capabilities.

[0156] In some embodiments, AI capabilities can be based on AI processing power. In some embodiments, AI capabilities can be implemented based on artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) models. For example, AI capabilities can be based on AI model processing power. For example, AI capabilities can be based on ML model processing power.

[0157] In some embodiments, the AI ​​capabilities supported by the first network element 1031 may include at least one of the following: model training and model inference. In some embodiments, model training may refer to training an AI / ML model. In some embodiments, model inference may refer to inference based on an AI / ML model.

[0158] In some embodiments, the first network element 1031 may have an AI / ML model, and the AI / ML model may be used to determine a communication strategy for the terminal 101. In one example, the AI ​​capability of the first network element 1031 may include model training, for example, training an AI / ML model for determining the communication strategy of the terminal 101. In another example, the AI ​​capability of the first network element 1031 may include model inference, for example, determining the communication strategy of the terminal 101 based on the AI / ML model.

[0159] In some embodiments, the first network element 1031 may have a first model. The first model may be an AI / ML model in the first network element 1031. The first model may be used to determine the communication strategy of the terminal 101. In one example, the first model may be used by the terminal 101 to perform inference to determine the communication strategy of the terminal 101.

[0160] In some embodiments, the first model may also be referred to as the policy model, because the first model can be used to determine the communication policy.

[0161] In some embodiments, the first network element 1031 may determine to train the first model if a first condition is met.

[0162] In some embodiments, a first condition can be used to trigger training of a first model. In some embodiments, training of the first model can be triggered when the first condition is met. In other words, if it is determined that the first condition is met, the first network element 1031 can determine to train the first model.

[0163] In some embodiments, the first condition may also be referred to as the triggering condition.

[0164] In some embodiments, the first condition may include at least one of the following: initial registration, re-registration, change of session subscription data of terminal 101, new quality of service (QoS) parameters, and new policy parameters.

[0165] In some embodiments, the first condition may include the initial registration of terminal 101. For example, the first condition may be met during the initial registration of terminal 101. The first network element 1031 may determine the training of the first model. It is understood that a communication strategy needs to be determined for terminal 101 during the initial registration process. Therefore, the training of the first model used to determine the communication strategy of terminal 101 may be triggered.

[0166] In some embodiments, the first condition may include re-registration of terminal 101. For example, the first condition may be met during the re-registration of terminal 101. The first network element 1031 may determine the training of a first model. It is understood that a communication strategy needs to be determined for terminal 101 during the re-registration process. Therefore, the training of the first model used to determine the communication strategy of terminal 101 may be triggered.

[0167] In some embodiments, the first condition may include a change in the session subscription data of terminal 101. For example, the first condition may be met when the session subscription data of terminal 101 changes. In one example, the first network element 1031 may obtain the session subscription data of terminal 101 from the third network element 1033. For example, the first network element 1031 may be a PCF, and the third network element 1033 may be a UDR. In this case, the PCF may interact with the UDR through the N36 reference point to obtain the session subscription data. Subsequently, upon determining that the session subscription data has changed, the first network element 1031 may determine that a first event has been triggered, and then determine to train the first model. For example, the session subscription data obtained by the first network element 1031 has changed compared to previously obtained session subscription data. For example, the session subscription data obtained by the first network element 1031 has changed compared to the session subscription data stored in the first network element 1031. It is understood that the communication strategy of terminal 101 is related to the session subscription data of terminal 101. For example, the determination of the communication strategy of terminal 101 may at least consider the session subscription data. Therefore, if the session subscription data of terminal 101 changes, the first model used to determine the communication strategy for terminal 101 may need to be trained.

[0168] In some embodiments, the first condition may include a new QoS parameter. For example, the first condition may be satisfied if a new QoS parameter exists. The QoS parameter is, for example, a QoS-related parameter. The new QoS parameter may be a QoS parameter provided for a first application of terminal 101. For example, the new QoS parameter may be provided by the fourth network element 1034. It is understood that the communication policy of terminal 101 is related to the QoS parameter. When a new QoS parameter exists, a communication policy needs to be determined for terminal 101. Therefore, training of the first model used to determine the communication policy of terminal 101 can be triggered.

[0169] In some embodiments, the first condition may include a new policy parameter. For example, the first condition may be satisfied if a new policy parameter exists. The policy parameter is, for example, a policy-related parameter. The new policy parameter may be a policy parameter provided for terminal 101. The new policy parameter may be a policy parameter provided for a first application of terminal 101. For example, the new policy parameter may be provided by the fourth network element 1034. It is understood that the communication policy of terminal 101 is related to the policy parameter. When a new policy parameter exists, a communication policy needs to be determined for terminal 101. Therefore, training of the first model used to determine the communication policy of terminal 101 can be triggered.

[0170] It should be noted that the first condition may also include other conditions, but this embodiment does not specifically limit them.

[0171] In some embodiments, if any of the above first conditions are met, the first network element 1031 can determine to train the first model.

[0172] In some embodiments, the first network element 1031 may independently determine the training of the first model.

[0173] In one example, the first network element 1031 can obtain the session subscription data of terminal 101 from the third network element 1033. For example, the first network element 1031 can be a PCF (Processing Provider Function), and the third network element 1033 can be a UDR (User Receiver). In this case, the PCF can interact with the UDR through the N36 reference point to obtain the session subscription data. Then, if the session subscription data changes, the first network element 1031 can determine that a first condition is met and subsequently determine to train the first model. For example, the session subscription data obtained by the first network element 1031 may have changed compared to previously obtained session subscription data. For example, the session subscription data obtained by the first network element 1031 may have changed compared to the session subscription data stored in the first network element 1031. For example, the first network element 1031 can subscribe to the third network element 1033 for notifications of changes in the session subscription data of terminal 101. Then, when the session subscription data of terminal 101 changes in the third network element 1033, the first network element 1031 can receive a notification from the third network element 1033. The first network element 1031 can then determine that the session subscription data has changed based on this notification.

[0174] In some embodiments, the first network element 1031 can determine to train a first model based on a received request. In one example, when the first network element 1031 receives a request to train a first model, the first network element 1031 can determine to train a first model. In another example, the first network element 1031 can be triggered to train the first model by the request.

[0175] In one example, the first network element 1031 can receive a request sent by the fourth network element 1034, which requests training of a first model. For example, the first network element 1031 can be a PCF, and the fourth network element 1034 can be an AF. In this case, the AF can send a request to the PCF via the NEF, the request including QoS parameters and / or policy parameters. For example, the QoS parameters and / or policy parameters sent by the AF to the PCF can include at least one of the following: new QoS parameters and / or policy parameters, updated QoS parameters and / or policy parameters. Then, the first network element 1031 can determine to train the first model based on the received request. For example, after receiving the request, the first network element 1031 can determine that a first condition is met, and then determine to train the first model.

[0176] It should be noted that the request to train the first model can be obtained by the first network element 1031 from the fourth network element 1034, or it can be obtained by the first network element 1031 from other network elements. This embodiment of the disclosure does not specifically limit this.

[0177] In step S302, the first network element 1031 acquires the first data.

[0178] In some embodiments, when it is determined that a first model is to be trained, the first network element 1031 may perform data collection to obtain first data.

[0179] In some embodiments, the first data is used to train the first model.

[0180] In some embodiments, the first data is received from a third node. The data from the third node can be used to train the first model.

[0181] In some embodiments, the third node, as the source of the first data, may include at least one of the following: UDR, UDM, AF, terminal 101, and network data analytics function (NWDAF). In some embodiments, the first network element 1031 may receive the first data from at least one of UDR, UDM, AF, terminal 101, and NWDAF. It should be noted that the third node may also include other network nodes, and this disclosure does not specifically limit this.

[0182] In some embodiments, terminal 101 may also be referred to as a second node.

[0183] In some embodiments, step S302 may include: the first network element 1031 sending a request to the third node; and the third node sending first data to the first network element 1031. In one example, the first network element 1031 may send a request to the third node, which is used to request first information from the third node. After receiving the request, the third node may send the first data requested by the first network element 1031 to the first network element 1031.

[0184] In some embodiments, the first network element 1031 can individually acquire first data for each network node among UDR, UDM, AF, terminal 101, and network data analysis function. The first network element 1031 can obtain the first data by interacting with one or more network nodes among UDR, UDM, AF, terminal 101, and network data analysis function.

[0185] In some embodiments, the first data from the UDR and / or UDM may include subscription data of terminal 101. In some embodiments, the first data from the AF may include data related to a first service of terminal 101. In some embodiments, the first data from terminal 101 may include at least one of the following: information of a first application on terminal 101, historical data of the first application on terminal 101, network condition information of terminal 101, and trajectory data of terminal 101. In some embodiments, the first data from the network data analysis function may include analysis data determined by the network data analysis function for the first service of terminal 101. It is understood that the first data may also include other data, and this disclosure does not specifically limit this.

[0186] In some embodiments, in order to obtain the first data, the first network element 1031 needs to obtain user consent. It is understood that, with user consent, the first network element 1031 can obtain the first data from the third node.

[0187] In some embodiments, the first network element 1031 can obtain user consent based on the subscription data of the terminal 101. In one example, the first network element 1031 can obtain the subscription data of the terminal 101 from the third network element 1033. Then, the first network element 1031 can obtain user consent based on the subscription data. For example, the subscription data of the terminal 101 can instruct the user of the terminal 101 to consent to the first network element 1031 obtaining first data related to the terminal 101.

[0188] In some embodiments, the first network element 1031 may obtain user consent from the terminal 101. In one example, the first network element 1031 may send a request to the terminal 101 to confirm whether the terminal 101 agrees to the first network element 1031 obtaining the first data. Subsequently, the terminal 101 may send a response to the first network element 1031 to confirm its consent to the first network element 1031 obtaining the first data.

[0189] In step S303, the first network element 1031 determines the first model.

[0190] In some embodiments, after obtaining the first data, the first network element 1031 can determine the first model based on the first data. In some embodiments, the first network element 1031 can generate and / or update the first model based on the first data.

[0191] In some embodiments, the first network element 1031 may not have a first model. In this case, the first network element 1031 may generate a first model based on first data. For example, if the first network element 1031 does not have a first model, when the first network element 1031 receives a request from the fourth network element 1034, and the request includes new QoS parameters and / or policy parameters, the first network element 1031 may generate a new first model.

[0192] In some embodiments, the first network element 1031 may already have a first model. In this case, the first network element 1031 can update the first model based on first data. For example, if the first network element 1031 has a first model, it can update the first model when it determines that the session subscription data of the terminal 101 has changed. For example, if the first network element 1031 has a first model, it can update the first model when it receives a request from the fourth network element 1034, and the request includes updated QoS parameters and / or policy parameters.

[0193] In some embodiments, the generation and / or updating of the first model may include: training the first model based on the first data.

[0194] In one example, for the case of generating a first model, the first network element 1031 can obtain a first model with a preset parameter set. At this time, each parameter of the first model in the preset parameter set can have an initial value or a preset value. Then, the first network element 1031 can train the first model with the preset parameter set based on the first data to obtain the trained first model.

[0195] In one example, for updating the first model, the first network element 1031 already contains a trained first model. At this time, the first network element 1031 can train the first model based on the first data and obtain the updated first model.

[0196] In some embodiments, the first model trained in step S303 can be used by terminal 101 to determine a communication strategy.

[0197] In some embodiments, the communication strategy may include at least one of the following: ANDSP, URSP, V2XP, and ProSeP. A first model can be used by terminal 101 to determine at least one of ANDSP, URSP, V2XP, and ProSeP. It should be noted that the communication strategy of terminal 101 may also include other strategies, which are not specifically limited in this embodiment.

[0198] In some embodiments, the first model can be per UE for each terminal 101. In this case, the communication strategies of terminal 101, such as ANDSP, URSP, V2XP, and ProSeP, can be determined using the same first model. Therefore, the number of first models determined in step S303 can be one.

[0199] In some embodiments, the first model can be per policy for terminal 101. In this case, each of the communication policies among ANDSP, URSP, V2XP, and ProSeP of terminal 101 can be determined using a separate first model. For example, different communication policies among ANDSP, URSP, V2XP, and ProSeP can be determined by different first models. Therefore, the number of first models determined in step S303 can be one or more. For example, the first model determined in step S303 can be used to determine the ANDSP of terminal 101. For example, the first model determined in step S303 can be used to determine the URSP of terminal 101.

[0200] In some embodiments, the first model may be for multiple strategies of terminal 101. For example, the first model determined in step S303 may be used to determine the ANDSP and URSP of terminal 101.

[0201] In step S304, the first network element 1031 sends the first information to the second network element 1032.

[0202] In some embodiments, the first network element 1031 can send first information. In some embodiments, the first information can be sent by the first network element 1031, but is not limited to this, and can also be sent by other entities.

[0203] In some embodiments, the second network element 1032 can receive the first information. In some embodiments, the first information can be received by the second network element 1032, but is not limited thereto, and can also be received by other entities.

[0204] In some embodiments, the first information may be used to indicate a first model. In some embodiments, the first information may include a first model. In some embodiments, the first information may be used to distribute a first model. In some embodiments, the first information may be used to deploy a first model.

[0205] In some embodiments, the name of the first information is not limited, and it may be, for example, model distribution information, model instruction information, model deployment information, model notification information, etc.

[0206] In some embodiments, the first information may include at least one of the following: the model structure of the first model and the model parameter set of the first model.

[0207] In some embodiments, the first information may indicate the model structure adopted by the first model. For example, the first information may include structure indication information. The structure indication information may be used to indicate at least one of the following information for each layer and / or module of the model structure adopted in the first model: type, dimension, location, and connection relationship. For example, if the model structure adopted by the first model is a structure known to both the first network element 1031 and the terminal 101, then the structure indication information may include identification information of the model structure of the first model.

[0208] In some embodiments, the model parameter set of the first model may include parameter values ​​of all or part of the model parameters of the first model.

[0209] In some embodiments, the first information may include a set of model parameters for the first model. For example, if the first network element 1031 has deployed the first model to the terminal 101, the updated first model trained by the first network element 1031 in step S303 may have the same model structure as the existing first model in the terminal 101. In this case, the first information may only include the set of model parameters for the first model.

[0210] In some embodiments, the first information may include the model structure of the first model and the set of model parameters of the first model. For example, the first model is a new first model generated by the first network element 1031. In this case, the first information may include both the model structure of the first model and the set of model parameters of the first model.

[0211] In some embodiments, the first information may be carried in a UE policy container. In some embodiments, the first network element 1031 may send a UE policy container to the second network element 1032, and the UE policy container may contain the first information.

[0212] In one example, the first network element 1031 can be a PCF, and the second network element 1032 can be an AMF. The transmission of the first information from the first network element 1031 to the second network element 1032 can be achieved through the Namf_communication service.

[0213] In one example, the transmission of the first information can be achieved through an N1N2 message operation targeting terminal 101. In another example, the first information can be achieved through an N1N2 message transfer operation. For example, first network element 1031 can send an N1 message to second network element 1032, which may carry a UE policy container containing the first information. Similarly, first network element 1031 can send an N2 message to second network element 1032, which may carry a UE policy container containing the first information.

[0214] In some embodiments, the first information may be carried in one or more messages. In other words, the first network element 1031 may send one or more messages to the second network element 1032. These messages may include the first information. In one example, when the model size of the first model is large, the amount of data in the first information may be large. In this case, the first information may be divided into multiple parts, and each part may be carried in a corresponding message and sent to the second network element 1032. In one example, when the model size of the first model is small, the amount of data in the first information may be small. In this case, the first information may be carried in the same message and sent to the second network element 1032.

[0215] In some embodiments, the first information may further include indication information of the communication strategy targeted by the first model. It is understood that when the first model is targeted at one or more communication strategies, the first information may include indication information of the one or more communication strategies determined by the first model. For example, if the first model can be used to determine ANDSP, then the first information may include indication information to indicate ANDSP. For example, if the first model can be used to determine URSP, then the first information may include indication information to indicate URSP. For example, if the first model can be used to determine both ANDSP and URSP, then the first information may include indication information for both ANDSP and URSP.

[0216] In some embodiments, the indication information can indicate different communication strategies through different values.

[0217] In one example, the first model can be for each policy of terminal 101. For example, if the indication information is a first value, then the indication information indicates ANDSP. For example, if the indication information is a second value, then the indication information indicates URSP. For example, if the indication information is a third value, then the indication information indicates V2XP. For example, if the indication information is a fourth value, then the indication information indicates ProSeP. It is understood that the first, second, third, and fourth values ​​are not equal to each other. For example, the indication information may include 2 bits, then the value range is 0 to 3. In this case, the first value can be 0, the second value can be 1, the third value can be 2, and the fourth value can be 3.

[0218] In one example, the first model can be one or more policies for terminal 101. For example, if the indication information is a first value, then the indication information indicates ANDSP. For example, if the indication information is a second value, then the indication information indicates URSP. For example, if the indication information is a third value, then the indication information indicates V2XP. For example, if the indication information is a fourth value, then the indication information indicates ProSeP. For example, if the indication information is a fifth value, then the indication information indicates both ANDSP and URSP. For example, if the indication information is a sixth value, then the indication information indicates ANDSP, URSP, and V2XP. It is understood that the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth values ​​are not equal to each other. For example, the indication information may include 4 bits, then the value range is 0 to 16. In this case, the first value can be 0, the second value can be 1, the third value can be 2, the fourth value can be 3, the fifth value can be 4, and the sixth value can be 10.

[0219] In one example, the indication information may include a bitmap. Each bit in the bitmap corresponds to a communication policy. Thus, each bit in the bitmap can be used to indicate whether a first model is used to determine the communication policy. For example, for any bit in the bitmap, when the bit is a first value, the bit indicates that the first model is used to determine the corresponding communication policy; when the bit is a first value, the bit indicates that the first model is not used to determine the corresponding communication policy. For example, if the communication policies include ANDSP, URSP, V2XP, and ProSeP, the bitmap of the indication information may include four bits. The first bit corresponds to ANDSP. The second bit corresponds to URSP. The third bit corresponds to V2XP. The fourth bit corresponds to ProSeP. For example, if the bitmap value is "1100", the indication information indicates that the first model is used to determine ANDSP and URSP. For example, if the bitmap value is "0010", the indication information indicates that the first model is used to determine V2XP. For example, if the bitmap value is "1111", the indication information indicates that the first model is used to determine ANDSP, URSP, V2XP, and ProSeP.

[0220] It is understood that when the first model is for each terminal 101, the first information may not include indication information of the communication strategy for which the first model is applied. In one example, the first information may by default indicate all communication strategies of the first model for terminal 101.

[0221] In some embodiments, the first information may further include identification information of the terminal 101. For example, the first information may include the SUPI of the terminal 101.

[0222] In step S305, the second network element 1032 sends the first information to the terminal 101.

[0223] In some embodiments, the second network element 1032 can send the first information. In some embodiments, the first information can be sent by the second network element 1032, but is not limited thereto, and can also be sent by other entities.

[0224] In some embodiments, terminal 101 may receive first information. In some embodiments, the first information may be received by terminal 101, but is not limited thereto, and may also be received by other entities.

[0225] In some embodiments, when the terminal 101 is in a connected state, the second network element 1032 can send the first information to the terminal 101 after receiving the first information from the first network element 1031.

[0226] In some embodiments, when terminal 101 is in an idle state, after receiving the first information from first network element 1031, second network element 1032 may first page terminal 101 to ensure that terminal 101 enters a connected state. Then, second network element 1032 may send the first information to terminal 101 in the connected state.

[0227] In some embodiments, for an idle terminal 101, the second network element 1032 can initiate a service request to the terminal 101 through a network-triggered service request process. In this way, the terminal 101 can enter the connected state, and the user plane (UP) connection and PDU session of the terminal 101 can be activated.

[0228] In one example, the second network element 1032 can page the terminal 101 through the access network device 102. For example, the second network element 1032 can send a paging message to the access network device 102, and the access network device 102 can send a paging message to the terminal 101.

[0229] It is understood that, through steps S304 and S305, the first information can be transmitted from the first network element 1031 to the terminal 101. In some embodiments, the second network element 1032 and / or the access network device 102 can transmit the first information from the first network element 1031 to the terminal 101 in a transparent manner.

[0230] In step S306, terminal 101 determines to send data.

[0231] In some embodiments, when there is data to be sent on terminal 101, terminal 101 may initiate a connection to send the data.

[0232] In some embodiments, terminal 101 may be triggered by a first application to determine to send data related to the first application.

[0233] In some embodiments, the first application may be an application associated with the fourth network element 1034. For example, the fourth network element 1034 may be a network function deployed by the application of the first application, such as AF. In one example, when the first application is running on terminal 101, it may need to communicate with the fourth network element 1034. For example, the first application may send application data to the fourth network element 1034. In this case, terminal 101 can determine to send the data of the first application based on information from the application layer.

[0234] In some embodiments, terminal 101 may initiate a connection to send traffic for a first application.

[0235] In step S307, terminal 101 determines the first strategy.

[0236] In some embodiments, terminal 101 may use the first model obtained in step S305 to determine a first strategy. In some embodiments, when terminal 101 determines to send data, the first model may be used to determine the first strategy.

[0237] In some embodiments, the first strategy may be a communication strategy of terminal 101. In one example, the first strategy may be used to implement data transmission of a first application.

[0238] In some embodiments, terminal 101 may determine a first strategy based on second data and a first model. In some embodiments, when terminal 101 determines the first strategy, terminal 101 may consider the second data.

[0239] In some embodiments, the second data may be data acquired by terminal 101. The second data may be used by terminal 101 to determine the first strategy.

[0240] In some embodiments, the second data may include data related to the first application. In some embodiments, the second data may include at least one of the following: information about the first application, data of the first application, network condition information of the terminal 101, and trajectory data of the terminal 101.

[0241] In some embodiments, the information of the first application may include relevant information about the first application. In one example, the relevant information about the first application may indicate the application type, traffic type, service provider type, etc. For example, the application type of the first application may include video, voice, text, etc. For example, the traffic type of the first application may include video stream, audio stream, voice stream, etc. For example, the service provider type of the first application may include video platform, voice communication, etc.

[0242] In some embodiments, the data of the first application may include data to be sent related to the first application, data already sent related to the first application, etc. In some embodiments, the data of the first application may also include the data volume, data type, etc., of the data related to the first application.

[0243] In some embodiments, the network condition information of terminal 101 can be used to indicate the communication quality of the communication network in which terminal 101 is located. For example, the network condition information of terminal 101 can be used to indicate the signal quality of the access network in which terminal 101 is located.

[0244] In some embodiments, the trajectory data of terminal 101 can be used to indicate the movement trajectory of terminal 101. For example, the trajectory data of terminal 101 may include identification information of one or more cells traversed by terminal 101. For example, the trajectory data of terminal 101 may include identification information of the base stations where one or more cells traversed by terminal 101 are located. For example, the trajectory data of terminal 101 may include identification information of one or more tracking areas traversed by terminal 101.

[0245] In some implementations, the second data may be obtained from an upper layer. For example, the second data may be obtained by terminal 101 from the application layer. In some embodiments, the second data may be obtained locally from terminal 101. For example, the second data may be stored in terminal 101 and retrieved by terminal 101.

[0246] In some embodiments, the first strategy includes at least one of the following: ANDSP, URSP, V2XP, and ProSeP. It is understood that the first strategy may also include other communication strategies, and this disclosure does not specifically limit these.

[0247] In some embodiments, the first strategy, including which communication strategies (ANDSP, URSP, V2XP, ProSeP) are determined by a first model in combination with second data. In one example, the first model may be specific to terminal 101. Therefore, the first model can be used to determine all communication strategies among ANDSP, URSP, V2XP, and ProSeP. Thus, terminal 101 can employ the first model and, based on the second data, determine one or more of ANDSP, URSP, V2XP, and ProSeP.

[0248] In some embodiments, when the first information includes indication information of a communication strategy, terminal 101 can determine the communication strategy obtainable using the first model based on the indication information. Then, terminal 101 can use a specific first model to generate the corresponding communication strategy. In one example, the indication information may indicate that the first model is used to determine ANDSP and URSP. In this case, the first strategy determined by terminal 101 using the first model may include ANDSP and / or URSP. In one example, the indication information may indicate that the first model is used to determine V2XP. In this case, the first strategy determined by terminal 101 using the first model may include V2XP. In one example, the indication information may indicate that the first model is used to determine ANDSP, URSP, V2XP, and ProSeP, or the first information does not contain indication information, then the first strategy determined by terminal 101 using the first model may include at least one of ANDSP, URSP, V2XP, and ProSeP.

[0249] In one example, the first application may involve V2X. In this case, the first strategy may include a V2X-related communication strategy. For example, the first strategy may include V2XP. Alternatively, the first strategy may include ANDSP, URSP, and V2XP.

[0250] In one example, the first application may involve a proximity service. In this case, the first strategy may include a communication strategy related to the proximity service. For example, the first strategy may include ProSeP. Alternatively, the first strategy may include ANDSP, V2XP, or URSP.

[0251] In one example, the first strategy may include ANDSP. In another example, the first strategy may include URSP. In yet another example, the first strategy may include both ANDSP and URSP.

[0252] In step S308, terminal 101 performs the first operation according to the first strategy.

[0253] In some embodiments, after determining the first strategy, the terminal 101 may perform a first operation according to the first strategy.

[0254] In some embodiments, the first operation may include at least one of the following: determining to establish a new session, determining to use an existing session, or determining to perform a network reselection.

[0255] In some embodiments, the first strategy may include URSP. In this case, the first strategy can be used by terminal 101 to determine a PDU session. In some embodiments, the PDU session can be used to implement data transmission of a first application. In some embodiments, the first application may correspond to a first service. The data of the first application can form a service data flow (SDF) of the first service. The SDF of the first service can be transmitted through the determined PDU session.

[0256] In some embodiments, terminal 101 may initiate communication according to a first policy. This communication may be, for example, communication between terminal 101 and the fourth network element 1034, and is used to implement data transmission for a first application. In some embodiments, according to the first policy, terminal 101 may determine whether to use a new PDU session or an existing PDU session to implement the communication. In one example, terminal 101 may determine, based on the URSP, to establish a new PDU session to implement the communication. For example, the SDF of the first service may be carried in the new PDU session. In another example, terminal 101 may determine, based on the URSP, to use an existing PDU session to implement the communication. For example, the SDF of the first service may be carried in an existing PDU session.

[0257] In some embodiments, the first policy may include ANDSP. In this case, the first policy can be used by terminal 101 to determine whether to perform network reselection. In one example, terminal 101 may determine to perform network reselection based on ANDSP to determine the access network to be used.

[0258] In some embodiments, the first application may be associated with V2X, and the terminal 101 may initiate V2X communication according to the first policy. In one example, the first policy may include V2XP, and the terminal 101 may determine to initiate V2X communication based on V2XP in the first policy.

[0259] In some embodiments, the first application may be associated with a proximity service, in which case the terminal 101 may initiate proximity service communication according to a first policy. In one example, the first policy may include ProSeP, in which case the terminal 101 may determine to initiate proximity service communication based on ProSeP in the first policy.

[0260] In some embodiments, if the PDU session determined by terminal 101 is a new PDU session, terminal 101 may initiate a PDU session establishment process. Through the PDU session establishment process, a new PDU session can be established for the data transmission of the first application. For example, terminal 101 may carry the SDF of the first service of the first application in the QoS flow of the new PDU session.

[0261] In some embodiments, if the PDU session determined by terminal 101 is an existing PDU session, terminal 101 can initiate a PDU session modification process. Through the PDU session modification process, the data transmission of the first application can be implemented using the existing PDU session. For example, terminal 101 can carry the SDF of the first service of the first application in an existing QoS stream of the existing PDU session. Alternatively, terminal 101 can carry the SDF of the first service of the first application in a new QoS stream of the existing PDU session.

[0262] In some embodiments, the initiation of the PDU session establishment process and / or PDU session modification process can be based on a first parameter. In some embodiments, the first parameter can be a parameter determined according to a first model. In some embodiments, the first parameter may include one or more parameters related to a first policy. For example, the first parameter may include parameters related to at least one of ANDSP, URSP, V2XP, and ProSeP. In this case, terminal 101 can initiate the PDU session establishment process and / or PDU session modification process according to the parameter values ​​of one or more parameters included in the first parameter.

[0263] The communication method of this disclosure embodiment can be implemented through steps S301 to S308.

[0264] In some embodiments, the names of information, etc., are not limited to the names described in the embodiments. Terms such as "information", "message", "signal", "signaling", "report", "configuration", "indication", "instruction", "command", "channel", "parameter", "domain", "field", "symbol", "symbol", "codebook", "codeword", "codepoint", "bit", "data", "program", and "chip" can be used interchangeably.

[0265] In some embodiments, the terms "uplink", "uplink", and "physical uplink" can be used interchangeably, as can the terms "downlink", "downlink", and "physical downlink", as well as the terms "sidelink", "sidelink", "sidelink communication", "sidelink communication", "direct connection", "direct link", "direct communication", and "direct link communication".

[0266] In some embodiments, the terms “radio”, “wireless”, “radio access network (RAN)”, “access network (AN)”, and “RAN-based” can be used interchangeably.

[0267] In some embodiments, “get,” “obtain,” “receive,” “transmit,” “bidirectional transmission,” and “send and / or receive” can be used interchangeably and can be interpreted as receiving from other entities, obtaining from protocols, obtaining from higher layers, obtaining through self-processing, or autonomous implementation, among other meanings.

[0268] In some embodiments, terms such as “send,” “transmit,” “report,” “distribute,” “transfer,” “bidirectional transmission,” “send and / or receive” can be used interchangeably.

[0269] In some embodiments, terms such as "certain", "preset", "default", "set", "indicated", "a certain", "any", and "first" can be used interchangeably. "Certain A", "preset A", "default A", "set A", "indicated A", "a certain A", "any A", and "first A" can be interpreted as A pre-defined in a protocol or the like, or as A obtained through setting, configuration, or instruction, or as specific A, a certain A, any A, or first A, but are not limited thereto.

[0270] In some embodiments, the determination or judgment can be made by a value represented by 1 bit (0 or 1), or by a true or false value (boolean), or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., a comparison with a predetermined value), but is not limited thereto.

[0271] In some embodiments, the terms “traffic”, “flow”, “stream”, and “data stream” can be used interchangeably.

[0272] In some embodiments, the terms "service", "business", and "traffic" can be used interchangeably.

[0273] The communication method involved in the embodiments of this disclosure may include at least one of steps S301 to S308. For example, step S304 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S305 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, a combination of steps S303 and S304 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, a combination of steps S304 and S305 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, a combination of steps S305 and S307 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, a combination of steps S303, S304, S305, and S307 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. It should be noted that the possible standalone embodiments consisting of one or more steps S301 to S308 are not limited thereto.

[0274] In some embodiments, steps S301, S302, S303, S305, S306, S307, and S308 are optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0275] In some embodiments, other optional implementations described before or after the embodiment corresponding to FIG3 may be referred to.

[0276] Figure 4 is an exemplary interaction diagram of a communication method provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. This disclosure relates to a communication method. As shown in Figure 4, the method includes step S401.

[0277] In step S401, the first node sends the first information to the second node.

[0278] The optional implementations of step S401 can be found in the optional implementations of steps S304 and S305 in Figure 3, as well as other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 3, which will not be repeated here.

[0279] In some embodiments, the first node may send first information. In some embodiments, the first information may be sent by the first node, but is not limited to this; it may also be sent by other entities.

[0280] In some embodiments, the second node may receive the first information. In some embodiments, the first information may be received by the second node, but is not limited to this; it may also be received by other entities.

[0281] In some embodiments, the first node may be a first network element 1031, and the second node may be a second network element 1032.

[0282] In some embodiments, the first node may be a second network element 1032, and the second node may be a terminal 101.

[0283] In some embodiments, the first node may be a first network element 1031, and the second node may be a terminal 101.

[0284] In some embodiments, the first information may be used to indicate the first model.

[0285] In the following, specific embodiments of the present disclosure will be described by way of example.

[0286] Figure 5 is an exemplary architecture diagram of a specific implementation of a communication system provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 5, the PCF (i.e., the first network element) is enhanced to support AI capabilities by using data collected from UDR, UDM, UE, NWDAF, etc., to train a policy model for the UE (i.e., the terminal) and / or generate an AI policy, which is then transmitted to the UE.

[0287] In some embodiments, the UE uses a policy model (i.e., the first model) to determine appropriate parameters and / or policies for communication, such as V2X communication, initiating PDU sessions, etc. The policy model can support the generation of policies related to ANDSP, URSP, V2XP, ProSeP, and other necessary policies.

[0288] Figure 6 is an exemplary interactive schematic diagram of an implementation of the communication method provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. This communication method relates to the transmission of a policy model and its use in a UE. As shown in Figure 6, the communication method includes steps S601 to S609.

[0289] In step S601, the PCF determines the updated policy model through internal triggering or requests from other network functions (e.g., changes in UE session subscription data, receiving new QoS / policy parameters from the AF).

[0290] In step S602, the PCF begins collecting training data from network functions of the UE, UDR / UDM, AF, NWDAF, or other data sources. In one example, the PCF needs to verify user consent before collecting data.

[0291] In step S603, PCF uses the data collected in step S602 to train the policy model.

[0292] In step S604, the PCF sends the updated / trained policy model to the AMF (i.e., the second network element) via N1N2_messageTransfer.

[0293] In step S605, when the UE is in an idle state, a network-triggered service request is executed to page the UE, so that the UE becomes connected.

[0294] In step S606, the AMF transmits the UE policy, including the policy model, to the UE.

[0295] In step S607, the application (i.e., the first application) triggers the UE to initiate a connection to transmit traffic.

[0296] In step S608, the UE considers local user data (e.g., application data, historical data of the application) and uses a policy model to determine an appropriate policy (i.e., a first policy) to initiate communication. For example, it determines whether to use an existing PDU session or initiate a new PDU session, or it determines whether to use a V2X policy to initiate V2X communication.

[0297] In step S609, the UE uses appropriate parameters (i.e., the first parameter) to initiate or modify a PDU session.

[0298] In the embodiments disclosed herein, some or all of the steps and their optional implementations may be arbitrarily combined with some or all of the steps in other embodiments, or may be arbitrarily combined with the optional implementations in other embodiments.

[0299] This disclosure also provides communication apparatuses for implementing any of the above methods. For example, this disclosure also provides a communication apparatus including units or modules for implementing the steps performed by the network element in any of the above methods. For example, this disclosure also provides a communication apparatus including units or modules for implementing the steps performed by the terminal in any of the above methods.

[0300] It should be understood that the division of units or modules in the above device is only a logical functional division. In actual implementation, they can be fully or partially integrated into a single physical entity, or they can be physically separated. Furthermore, the units or modules in the device can be implemented by a processor calling software: for example, the device includes a processor connected to a memory containing instructions. The processor calls the instructions stored in the memory to implement any of the above methods or to implement the functions of the units or modules in the above device. The processor can be, for example, a general-purpose processor, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or a microprocessor, and the memory can be internal or external to the device. Alternatively, the units or modules in the device can be implemented in the form of hardware circuits. The functionality of some or all of the units or modules can be achieved through the design of these hardware circuits, which can be understood as one or more processors. For example, in one implementation, the hardware circuit is an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The functionality of some or all of the units or modules is achieved through the design of the logical relationships between the components within the circuit. In another implementation, the hardware circuit can be implemented using a programmable logic device (PLD). Taking a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) as an example, it can include a large number of logic gates. The connection relationships between the logic gates are configured through configuration files, thereby achieving the functionality of some or all of the units or modules. All units or modules of the above device can be implemented entirely through processor-called software, entirely through hardware circuits, or partially through processor-called software with the remaining parts implemented through hardware circuits.

[0301] In this embodiment, the processor is a circuit with signal processing capabilities. In one implementation, the processor can be a circuit with instruction read and execute capabilities, such as a central processing unit, microprocessor, graphics processing unit (GPU) (which can be understood as a type of microprocessor), or digital signal processor (DSP). In another implementation, the processor can implement certain functions through the logical relationships of hardware circuits. The logical relationships of the aforementioned hardware circuits are fixed or reconfigurable. For example, the processor is a hardware circuit implemented by an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a programmable logic device, such as an FPGA. In a reconfigurable hardware circuit, the process of the processor loading a configuration document and configuring the hardware circuit can be understood as the process of the processor loading instructions to implement the functions of some or all of the above units or modules. Furthermore, it can also be a hardware circuit designed for artificial intelligence, which can be understood as an ASIC, such as a neural network processing unit (NPU), tensor processing unit (TPU), deep learning processing unit (DPU), etc.

[0302] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 7, the communication device 700 may include at least one of the following: a transceiver module 701 and a processing module 702.

[0303] In some embodiments, the communication device 700 may be a terminal 101. In some embodiments, the transceiver module 701 may be configured to send first information to a second node, wherein the first information is used to indicate a first model, and the first model is used to determine the communication strategy of the second node. Optionally, the transceiver module 701 may be configured to perform at least one of the communication steps (e.g., steps S302, S305, but not limited thereto) performed by the terminal 101 in any of the above methods, which will not be elaborated here. Optionally, the processing module 702 may be configured to perform at least one of other steps (e.g., steps S306, S307, S308, but not limited thereto) besides the communication steps (e.g., steps S306, S307, S308, but not limited thereto) performed by the terminal 101 in any of the above methods, which will not be elaborated here.

[0304] In some embodiments, the communication device 700 may be a first network element 1031. In some embodiments, the transceiver module 701 may be configured to: receive first information sent by a first node, wherein the first information is used to indicate a first model, and the first model is used to determine the communication strategy of a second node. Optionally, the transceiver module 701 may be configured to perform at least one of the communication steps (e.g., steps S302, S304, but not limited thereto) performed by the first network element 1031 in any of the above methods, which will not be elaborated here. Optionally, the processing module 702 may be configured to perform at least one of other steps (e.g., steps S301, S303, but not limited thereto) besides the communication steps (e.g., steps S301, S303, but not limited thereto) performed by the first network element 1031 in any of the above methods, which will not be elaborated here.

[0305] In some embodiments, the communication device shown in FIG7 may also be a communication equipment.

[0306] In some embodiments, the transceiver module may include a transmitting module and / or a receiving module. The transmitting and receiving modules may be separate or integrated. Optionally, the transceiver module may be interchangeable with a transceiver.

[0307] In some embodiments, the processing module may be a single module or may include multiple sub-modules. Optionally, the multiple sub-modules may each perform all or part of the steps required by the processing module. Optionally, the processing module may be interchangeable with a processor.

[0308] Figure 8A is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The communication device 8100 can be a network device (e.g., access network device, core network device, etc.), a terminal (e.g., user equipment, etc.), a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the network device in implementing any of the above methods, or a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the terminal in implementing any of the above methods. The communication device 8100 can be used to implement the methods described in the above method embodiments; for details, please refer to the descriptions in the above method embodiments.

[0309] As shown in Figure 8A, the communication device 8100 includes one or more processors 8101. The processor 8101 can be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor, such as a baseband processor or a central processing unit (CPU). The baseband processor can be used to process communication protocols and communication data, while the CPU can be used to control communication devices (e.g., base stations, baseband chips, terminal devices, terminal device chips, DUs or CUs, etc.), execute programs, and process program data. Optionally, the communication device 8100 can be used to execute any of the above methods. Optionally, one or more processors 8101 can be used to invoke instructions to cause the communication device 8100 to execute any of the above methods.

[0310] In some embodiments, the communication device 8100 further includes one or more transceivers 8102. When the communication device 8100 includes one or more transceivers 8102, the transceiver 8102 performs at least one of the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above method (e.g., steps S302, S304, S305, but not limited thereto), and the processor 8101 performs at least one of other steps (e.g., steps S301, S303, S306, S307, S308, but not limited thereto). In optional embodiments, the transceiver may include a receiver and / or a transmitter, which may be separate or integrated together. Optionally, the terms transceiver, transceiver unit, transceiver, transceiver circuit, interface circuit, interface, etc., can be used interchangeably; the terms transmitter, transmitting unit, transmitter, transmitting circuit, etc., can be used interchangeably; and the terms receiver, receiving unit, receiver, receiving circuit, etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0311] In some embodiments, the communication device 8100 further includes one or more memories 8103 for storing data. Optionally, all or part of the memories 8103 may be located outside the communication device 8100. In an optional embodiment, the communication device 8100 may include one or more interface circuits 8104. Optionally, the interface circuits 8104 are connected to the memories 8103 and can be used to receive data from the memories 8103 or other devices, and to send data to the memories 8103 or other devices. For example, the interface circuits 8104 can read data stored in the memories 8103 and send that data to the processor 8101.

[0312] The communication device 8100 described in the above embodiments may be a network device or a terminal, but the scope of the communication device 8100 described in this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the structure of the communication device 8100 may not be limited by FIG8A. The communication device may be a standalone device or may be part of a larger device. For example, the communication device may be: (1) a standalone integrated circuit IC, or chip, or chip system or subsystem; (2) a collection of one or more ICs, optionally, the IC collection may also include storage components for storing data and programs; (3) an ASIC, such as a modem; (4) a module that can be embedded in other devices; (5) a receiver, terminal device, smart terminal device, cellular phone, wireless device, handheld device, mobile unit, vehicle device, network device, cloud device, artificial intelligence device, etc.; (6) others, etc.

[0313] Figure 8B is a schematic diagram of the structure of a chip provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For cases where the communication device 8100 can be a chip or a chip system, please refer to the schematic diagram of the chip 8200 shown in Figure 8B, but it is not limited thereto.

[0314] Chip 8200 includes one or more processors 8201. Chip 8200 is used to perform any of the methods described above.

[0315] In some embodiments, chip 8200 further includes one or more interface circuits 8202. Optionally, terms such as interface circuit, interface, and transceiver pin can be used interchangeably. In some embodiments, chip 8200 further includes one or more memories 8203 for storing data. Optionally, all or part of the memories 8203 may be located outside of chip 8200. Optionally, interface circuit 8202 is connected to memory 8203, and interface circuit 8202 can be used to receive data from memory 8203 or other devices, and interface circuit 8202 can be used to send data to memory 8203 or other devices. For example, interface circuit 8202 can read data stored in memory 8203 and send the data to processor 8201.

[0316] In some embodiments, the interface circuit 8202 performs at least one of the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above method (e.g., steps S302, S304, S305, but not limited thereto). The interface circuit 8202 performing the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above method refers, for example, to the interface circuit 8202 performing data interaction between the processor 8201, the chip 8200, the memory 8203, or the transceiver device. In some embodiments, the processor 8201 performs at least one of other steps (e.g., steps S301, S303, S306, S307, S308, but not limited thereto).

[0317] The modules and / or devices described in the various embodiments, such as virtual devices, physical devices, and chips, can be combined or separated arbitrarily as needed. Optionally, some or all steps can also be performed collaboratively by multiple modules and / or devices, which is not limited here.

[0318] This disclosure also proposes a storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a communication device 8100, cause the communication device 8100 to perform any of the methods described above. Optionally, the storage medium is an electronic storage medium. Optionally, the storage medium is a computer-readable storage medium, but not limited thereto; it may also be a storage medium readable by other devices. Optionally, the storage medium may be a non-transitory storage medium, but not limited thereto; it may also be a temporary storage medium.

[0319] This disclosure also proposes a program product that, when executed by a communication device 8100, causes the communication device 8100 to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, the program product is a computer program product.

[0320] This disclosure also proposes a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform any of the above methods.

[0321] Other embodiments of the invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention that follow the general principles of the invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only.

[0322] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A communication method, executed by a first node, wherein, The method includes: Send first information to the second node, wherein the first information is used to instruct the first model, and the first model is used to determine the communication strategy of the second node.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first information is contained in the user equipment policy container.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The communication strategy includes at least one of the following: Access network discovery and selection strategy; User equipment routing selection strategy; Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) strategy; Short-range communication strategy.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The method further includes: The first model is trained.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein, Training the first model includes: The first model is trained based on the first data, wherein the first data is received from the third node.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein, The third node includes at least one of the following: Unified data storage; Unified data management; The second node; Network data analysis functions; Application functions.

7. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein, Training the first model includes: If the first condition is met, train the first model; The first condition includes at least one of the following: Initial registration; Re-register; Changes to the session subscription data of the second node; New service quality parameters; New strategy parameters.

8. A communication method, executed by a second node, wherein, The method includes: Receive first information sent by the first node, wherein the first information is used to instruct the first model, and the first model is used to determine the communication strategy of the second node.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The first piece of information is contained in the user device policy container.

10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein, The communication strategy includes at least one of the following: Access network discovery and selection strategy; User equipment routing selection strategy; Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) strategy; Short-range communication strategy.

11. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein, The method further includes: Based on the first model, a first strategy is determined, wherein the first strategy is used to implement data transmission for the first application.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The first strategy is used by the second node to determine at least one of the following: Establish a new session; Use an existing session; Perform network reselection.

13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein, The first strategy is determined based on second data, which includes at least one of the following: Information from the first application; Data from the first application; Network condition information of the second node; The trajectory data of the second node.

14. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device is used to perform the communication method as described in any one of claims 1-7 and 8-13.

15. A communication system, characterized in that, The communication system includes a first node and a second node, wherein the first node is configured to implement the communication method as described in any one of claims 1-7, and the second node is configured to implement the communication method as described in any one of claims 8-13.

16. A storage medium storing instructions, characterized in that, When the instruction is executed on the communication device, it causes the communication device to perform the communication method as described in any one of claims 1-7 and 8-13.

17. A program product comprising at least one of a program and instructions, characterized in that, When at least one of the programs or instructions is executed by the communication device, it implements the communication method as described in any one of claims 1-7 and 8-13.

Images