Communication system device and terminal

Abstract

Provided is a technology for position verification that makes tampering with position information difficult. This communication system device comprises: an approval unit that acquires position information of a terminal, determines whether or not the position information is correct information, and outputs information regarding the determination result of whether or not the position information is correct information; and an antenna unit that transmits the determination result to the terminal.

Description

Communication system device and terminal

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a communication system device and a terminal.

[0002] For example, in Patent Document 1, as shown in FIG. 45, an information processing device transmits position information obtained from a GPS (Global Positioning System), time information, and image data to a certificate issuing server. The certificate issuing server is disclosed to perform authentication of the position and time of the information processing device based on these information and data and other information obtained from other devices, and issue a certificate to the information processing device.

[0003] International Publication No. 2005 / 119539

[0004] In Patent Document 1, position authentication is performed based on image information. However, due to falsification of image information and falsification of position information, the information processing device can falsify its position, and there is a need for a system for position authentication that is difficult to falsify.

[0005] Non-limiting embodiments of the present disclosure contribute to providing a technology for a system for position authentication that is difficult to falsify position information.

[0006] A communication system device according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes an approval unit that obtains position information of a terminal, determines whether the position information is correct information, and outputs information on a determination result as to whether the position information is correct information, and an antenna unit that transmits the determination result to the terminal.

[0007] A terminal according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes an antenna unit that transmits time information at the time of position estimation obtained by using GNSS and third position information of the terminal to a communication system device, and a processing unit that communicates with the communication system device or a third device and performs processing for performing position estimation of the terminal. The antenna unit receives a signal transmitted by the communication system device and obtains information indicating that the position information has been approved.

[0008] These comprehensive or specific embodiments may be implemented as systems, devices, methods, integrated circuits, computer programs, or recording media, or as any combination of systems, devices, methods, integrated circuits, computer programs, and recording media.

[0009] According to non-limiting embodiments of this disclosure, it is possible to provide technology for a location verification system that is difficult to tamper with.

[0010] Further advantages and effects of one aspect of this disclosure will be made apparent from the specification and drawings. Such advantages and / or effects are provided by several embodiments and features described in the specification and drawings, but not all of them are necessarily provided in order to obtain one or more identical features.

[0011] Figure 1 shows an example of the system configuration consisting of a GNSS device, base station, and terminal in Embodiment 1. Figure 1 shows a different example of the system configuration consisting of a GNSS device, base station, and terminal from Figure 1A. Figure 1 shows a different example of the system configuration consisting of a GNSS device, base station, and terminal from Figure 1A and Figure 1B. Figure 1 shows a different example of the system configuration consisting of a GNSS device, base station, and terminal from Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D. Figure 1 shows a different example of the system configuration consisting of a GNSS device, base station, and terminal from Figure 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D. Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, and 1E show different examples of the system configuration consisting of a GNSS device, base station, and terminal. Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, and 1F show different examples of the system configuration consisting of a GNSS device, base station, and terminal. Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, and 1G show different examples of the base station in base station #1 of 101_1 in Figure 1A, base station #2 of 101_2 in Figure 1C, base station #1 of 101_1 in Figure 1D, base station #1 of 101_1 and base station #2 of 101_2 in Figure 1E, and base station #2 of 101_2 in Figure 1G. Figure 1A shows base station #1 of 101_1, Figure 1C shows base station #2 of 101_2, Figure 1D shows base station #1 of 101_1, Figure 1E shows "base station #1 of 101_1, base station #2 of 101_2", and Figure 1G shows base station #2 of 101_2, which are different examples from Figure 2A of the base station configuration example. Figure 1B shows base station #1 of 101_1, Figure 1C shows base station #1 of 101_1, Figure 1F shows base station #1 of 101_1, Figure 1G shows base station #1 of 101_1, and Figure 1H shows base station #2 of 101_2, which are different examples of the base station configuration example. Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H show examples of base station configurations in base station #2 of 101_2, base station #3 of 101_3 in Figure 1F, base station #3 of 101_3 in Figure 1G, and base station #3 of 101_3 and base station #4 of 101_4 in Figure 1H. Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H show examples of terminal 102 configurations in base station #2 of 101_2 in Figure D, base station #2 of 101_2 and base station #3 of 101_3 in Figure 1F, base station #3 of 101_3 in Figure 1G, and base station #4 of Figure 1H. Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H show examples of terminal 102 configurations in base station #2 of 101_2 in Figure D, base station #3 of 101_2 and base station #3 of 101_3 in Figure 1F, base station #3 of 101_3 in Figure 1G, and base station #4 of Figure 1H.Figures illustrating examples of terminal communication: A system configuration diagram showing a communication base station and / or a location estimation base station communicating with other devices, such as an LMF, to estimate the terminal's location. A diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the approval unit (authentication unit). A system configuration diagram consisting of a communication base station and / or a location estimation base station and an LMF. A diagram showing a different example from Figure 5B of the system configuration diagram consisting of a communication base station and / or a location estimation base station and an LMF. A diagram showing an example of communication between base station 480 and LMF 490 in Figures 5B and 5C. A system consisting of AP, base station, and terminal. Figure 7A shows an example of the configuration of a system consisting of AP, base stations, and terminals. Figure 7B shows an example of the configuration of a system consisting of AP, base stations, and terminals. Figure 7B shows an example of the configuration of a system consisting of AP, base stations, and terminals. Figure 7C shows an example of the configuration of a system consisting of AP, base stations, and terminals. Figure 7D shows an example of the configuration of a system consisting of AP, base stations, and terminals. Figure 7E shows an example of the configuration of a system consisting of AP, base stations, and terminals. Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, and 7H show different examples of the configuration of a system consisting of AP, base station, and terminal. Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, and 7G show different examples of the configuration of terminal 102 in Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, and 7H. Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, and 7H show different examples of the configuration of terminal 102 in Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, and 7H. The diagrams show an example of a system configuration consisting of a base station and a terminal, a diagram showing a different example of a system configuration consisting of a base station and a terminal from Figure 10A, a diagram showing a different example of a system configuration consisting of a base station and a terminal from Figures 10A and 10B, a diagram showing a different example of a system configuration consisting of a base station and a terminal from Figures 10A, 10B, and 10C, a diagram showing a different example of a system configuration consisting of a base station and a terminal from Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D, a diagram showing a different example of a system configuration consisting of a base station and a terminal from Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, and 10E,Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, and 10F show examples of system configurations consisting of terminals. Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, and 10G show examples of system configurations consisting of base stations and terminals. Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, and 10H show an example of the configuration of terminal 102. Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H show examples of the configuration of terminal 102, different from Figure 11A. Figures 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H show examples of communication between a base station and a terminal, a diagram showing an example of the configuration of terminal capability information 1301 related to position estimation transmitted by a terminal such as terminal 102, and a diagram showing an example of the configuration of base station capability information 1302 transmitted by a base station. Figures "Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, 10H" showing an example configuration of report 1400. Figure 101_1 shows an example of communication between a base station and a terminal, illustrating that base station #1 and terminal 102 are communicating. Figure 14C shows a modified version of the communication between a base station and a terminal. Figure 14C shows a modified version of the communication between a base station and a terminal. Figure 14C shows an example of communication between a "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station" and a "LMF and / or AMF". Figure 18A shows an example of communication between a base station and a terminal. Figure 18B shows an example of communication between a base station and a terminal. Figure 18A shows an example of communication between a base station and a terminal. Figure 18B shows an example of communication between a base station and a terminal. Figure 18C shows an example of communication between a "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station", a terminal and a server.Figure 21A shows an example of interaction between a base station for position estimation, a terminal, and a server. Figure 31 shows an example of the relationship between base station #x1 of x01_1 and base station #x2 of x01_2, which are "base stations that perform wireless power transmission", and terminal #x1 of x02_1, which receives a power transmission signal transmitted by a "device for power transmission and / or communication" and charges a battery. Figure 42 shows an example of base station #x1 of x01_1 setting a chargeable area in a different location than shown in Figure 21A. Figure 53 shows an example of the setting of the charging area of ​​base station #x1 of x01_1 over time. Figure 63 shows an example of the charging area of ​​base station #x2 of x01_2. Figure A shows an example of the timeline of the settings A. Figure B shows an example of the relationship between "base station #x1 of x01_1 and base station #x2 of x01_2, which are 'base stations that perform wireless power transmission'" and "terminal #x1 of x02_1, which receives a power transmission signal transmitted by a 'device for power transmission and / or communication' and charges the battery (battery)". Figure C shows an example of setting the chargeable area of ​​base station #x1 of x01_1 to a different setting than in Figure 21D. Figure D shows an example of the timeline of the setting of the charging area of ​​base station #x1 of x01_1. Figure C shows an example of the timeline of the setting of the charging area of ​​base station #x2 of x01_2. Figure x01_1 shows an example in which base station #x1 transmits a wireless power transmission signal and provides a rechargeable area 1 of 2201_1A, similar to Figures 21A and 21B. Figure x01_1 shows an example in which base station #x1 transmits a wireless power transmission signal and provides "rechargeable area 1_1 of 2201_1_1B, rechargeable area 1_2 of 2201_1_2B, ..., rechargeable area 1_M of 2201_1_MB", similar to Figures 21D and 21E. Communication base station and / or location estimation base station, terminal, server providing charging area information. Figure 23A shows an example of the interaction between a "communication base station and / or a base station for location estimation", a terminal, and a "server that provides charging area information". Figure 23A shows an example of the configuration of a terminal. Figure 23A shows an example of the configuration of a base station that transmits a wireless power transmission signal. Figure 27A shows an example of obtaining a terminal location certificate and, based on the terminal location certificate, controlling the terminal and / or other devices and / or controlling information. Figure 27A shows an example of the configuration of a terminal. Figure 27B shows an example of the configuration of a terminal that is different from Figure 27A.Figure 29A shows an example of receiving a signal transmitted by a GNSS device 2898 and performing position estimation. Figure 29A shows an example of the configuration of a base station 2899 such as a "communication base station, position estimation base station". Figure 29A shows an example different from Figures 1A and 1B of the configuration of a system consisting of a GNSS device, base station, and terminal. Figure 29A shows an example in which a base station 2899 such as a "communication base station, position estimation base station" may receive a signal transmitted by a device 2897 and perform position estimation. Figure 29A shows the relationship between a system including a "communication base station, and / or position estimation base station" and a terminal. Figures 31A and 31B show specific configuration examples of the relationship between the system and the terminal, including the diagrams, Figure 31B and 32C, and 329. Figures 31A and 31B show an example of the frequency axis configuration of the signal transmitted by base station #Y1 of 1_1, Figure 32B and 32C show an example different from Figure 33A of the frequency axis configuration of the signal transmitted by base station #Y1 of 3291_1, Figure 31A and 31B show an example different from Figure 33A and 32C of the frequency axis configuration of the signal transmitted by base station #Y1 of 3101_1, Figure 32B and 32C show an example different from Figure 33A and 33B of the frequency axis configuration of the signal transmitted by base station #Y1 of 3291_1, Figure 31A and 31B show an example different from Figure 33A and 32B. Figures 33A, 33B, and 33C show different examples of the configuration of the signal transmitted by base station #Y1 of 3291_1 of 32C. Figures 31A, 31B show base station #Y1 of 3101_1, Figures 32B and 32C show base station #Y1 of 3291_1. Figures 31A, 31B show base station #Y2 of 3101_2, Figures 32B show base station #Y1 of 3291_1, Figures 32C show base station #Y2 of 3291_2. Figures 34A1 show an example of the configuration of the part for receiving the signal.Figure 34A1 shows an example of the signal configuration transmitted by base station #Y1 of 3101_1 in Figure 31B and base station #Y1 of 3291_1 in Figures 32B and 32C. Figure 31A, Figure 31B's 3101_1 base station #Y1, Figure 32B, Figure 32C's 3291_1 base station #Y1 shows a different configuration example of the signal transmitted by Figure 34D1. Figure 31A, Figure 31B's 3101_1 base station #Y1, Figure 32B, Figure 32C's 3291_1 base station #Y1 shows an example of the configuration of the control information symbol 3481. Figure 31A, Figure 31B's 3101_1 base station #Y1, Figure 32B, Figure 32C's 3291_1 base station #Y1 shows an example of the configuration of the part for transmitting the signal. Figure 35's configuration of "Figure 31A, Figure 31B's 3101_1 base station #Y1, Figure 32B, Figure 32C's 329 Figure 35 shows an example of the configuration of the signal transmitted by "Base station #Y1 of 1_1". Figure 35 shows an example of the configuration of the signal transmitted by "Base station #Y1 of 3101_1 in Figures 31A and 31B, and base station #Y1 of 3291_1 in Figures 32B and 32C". Figure 35 shows an example of a different configuration of the signal transmitted by "Base station #Y1 of 3101_1 in Figures 31A and 31B, and base station #Y1 of 3291_1 in Figures 32B and 32C," which has a configuration different from Figures 36A1 and 36B1. Figure 35 shows an example of a different configuration of the signal transmitted by "Base station #Y1 of 3101_1 in Figures 31A and 31B, and base station #Y1 of 3291_1 in Figures 32B and 32C," which has a configuration different from Figures 36A2 and 36B2.Figure 35 shows a configuration example different from Figure 37A1 of the signal transmitted by base station #Y1 of 3291_1 in Figure 32C. Figure 35 shows a configuration different from Figure 37A2 of the signal transmitted by base station #Y1 of 3101_1 in Figures 31A and 31B, and base station #Y1 of 3291_1 in Figures 32B and 32C. Figure 35 shows a configuration example different from Figure 37A2 of the signal transmitted by base station #Y1 of 3101_1 in Figures 31A and 31B, and base station #Y1 of 3291_1 in Figures 32B and 32C. Figure 37C1 shows an example of a different configuration of the signal transmitted by base station #Y1 of 1_1. Figure 37C1 shows an example of the arrangement of base stations. Figure 37C1 shows an example of the arrangement of base stations. Figure 37C1 shows an example of the arrangement of base stations. Figure 37C1 shows an example of the arrangement of base stations. Figure 37C1 shows an example of the arrangement of signals on the frequency axis for estimating material X. Figures 31A and 31B show base station #Y1 of 3101_1, Figure 32B and 32C show base station #Y1 of 3291_1, Figure 38A, 38B, 38C and 38D show base station #Y1 of 3891_1_1, Figure 38A and 38C1 show base station #Y1 of 3891_1_2. Figure B shows an example configuration of the time and frequency of the signal for estimating substance X transmitted by base station #Y1_3 of 3891_1_3 in Figure 38D. Figures 31A and 31B show base station #Y1 of 3101_1, Figures 32B and 32C show base station #Y1 of 3291_1, Figures 38A, 38B, 38C and 38D show base station #Y1_1 of 3891_1_1, Figures 38A, 38B and 38C and 38D show base station #Y1_2 of 3891_1_2, and Figures 38A, 38B and 38D show base station #Y1_3 of 3891_1_3. Figures "Figure 31A, Figure 31B" "Figure 32B, Figure 32C" "Figure 38A, Figure 38B, Figure 38C" show configuration examples of signals for estimating substance X transmitted by base stations #Y1_1 of 3101_1, base stations #Y1_1 of 3291_1 in Figures 32B, Figure 32C", "Figure 38A, Figure 38B, Figure 38C, Figure 38D" show configuration examples of signals for estimating substance X in terms of time and frequency, and are shown in Figures "Figure 31A, Figure 31B", "Figure 32B, Figure 32C", "Figure 38A, Figure 38B, Figure 38C",Figure 38D shows examples of terminals and objects. Figure 40A3 shows an example where region 4050 in Figure 40A3 is used as the training area. Figure 40A3 shows an example where region 4050 in Figure 40A3 is used as the training area. Figure 40A4 shows an example where region 4050 in Figure 40A3 is used as the training area. Figure 40A4 shows an example where region 4050 in Figure 40A3 is used as the training area. Figure 40A2 shows an example where material A, material B, and material are present in material 4001. Figure C Figure Figures relating to substances A, B, and C present in object 4001 Figure Figures relating to substances A, B, and C present in object 4001 Figures showing specific configuration examples of the first layer 4022_1, second layer 4022_2, and third layer 4022_3 in Figure 40C1 Figures relating to substances A, B, and C present in object 4001 Figure Figure 40D1 shows specific configuration examples of the first layer 4032_1, second layer 4032_2, and third layer 4032_3 in Figure 40D1, and intermediate layer A of 4033_1 and intermediate layer 4033_2 Figure 42A shows an example of the configuration of the part for receiving signals. Figure 42C shows an example of the relationship between an object and a base station. Figure 42A shows an example of the configuration of base station #Y1 of 4201_1. Figure 42C shows an example of the relationship between an object and a base station. Figures showing configuration examples of base stations #Y1_1 (1_1), #Y1_2 (4201_1_2), and #Y1_3 (4201_1_3). Figures showing examples of the relationship between objects and base stations. Figure 43A shows a configuration example of base station #Y1 (4301_1). Figure 43B shows a configuration example of base station #Y2 (4301_2). Figure 43B shows a configuration example where there are M base stations that perform material detection and quantity estimation. Figures showing examples of conventional wireless power transmission systems.

[0012] Embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0013] (Embodiment 1) This embodiment 1 describes a system and apparatus for wireless power transmission.

[0014] Figure 1A shows an example of the system configuration in this embodiment, which consists of, for example, a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) device, a base station, and a terminal.

[0015] Examples of GNSS include GPS (Global Positioning System), Galileo, GLONASS, BeiDou, IRNSS, and Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (Michibiki). For example, a signal transmitted by a GNSS device 103 is received by a terminal 102, and the terminal 102 then estimates its position.

[0016] The GNSS device 103 may consist of one or more devices, or two or more devices. Therefore, one or more devices, or two or more devices, that make up the GNSS device 103 will each transmit signals. In this case, for example, the terminal 102 will receive one or more signals. The GNSS device 103 may also communicate with other devices. However, the configuration of the GNSS device 103 is not limited to these examples. The GNSS device can be configured in any way as long as the terminal can estimate its position by receiving "signals transmitted by one or more GNSS devices."

[0017] The above-mentioned "GNSS and GNSS device" is also applicable in Figures 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H. The above-mentioned "GNSS and GNSS device" is applicable in the embodiments described herein.

[0018] Terminal 102 communicates with base station #1 of 101_1. Terminal 102 also communicates with base station #1 of 101_1 to estimate its own location. The operation of location estimation will be explained later.

[0019] In Figure 1A, the term "base station" is used, but a base station may also refer to a TRP (Transmission / Reception point) (Transmitter / Receiver point), access point, repeater, etc. However, in this specification, it will be referred to as a base station. Furthermore, it will be referred to as a base station from here on out.

[0020] Figure 1B shows a different example from Figure 1A of the system configuration in this embodiment, for example, consisting of a GNSS device, a base station, and a terminal. In Figure 1B, components that operate similarly to those in Figure 1A are given the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted.

[0021] For example, terminal 102 receives a signal transmitted by GNSS device 103, and terminal 102 estimates its position. Further details have already been explained, so we will omit them here.

[0022] Terminal 102 communicates with base station #1 of 101_1. Terminal 102 also communicates with base station #2 of 101_2 to estimate its own location. The location estimation process will be explained later.

[0023] Figure 1C shows a different example of the system configuration in this embodiment, which consists of, for example, a GNSS device, a base station, and a terminal, compared to Figures 1A and 1B. In Figure 1C, components that operate similarly to those in Figures 1A and 1B are given the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted.

[0024] For example, terminal 102 receives a signal transmitted by GNSS device 103, and terminal 102 estimates its position. Further details have already been explained, so we will omit them here.

[0025] Terminal 102 communicates with base station #1 of 101_1 and base station #2 of 101_2. Terminal 102 also communicates with base station #2 of 101_2 to estimate its own location. The location estimation process will be explained later. Base station #2 is an example of a third device. In the configuration described below, a base station that transmits the location estimated through communication to other base stations, like terminal 102, is an example of a third device.

[0026] Figure 1D shows a different example of the system configuration in this embodiment, which consists of, for example, a GNSS device, a base station, and a terminal, compared to Figures 1A, 1B, and 1C. In Figure 1D, components that operate similarly to those in Figures 1A, 1B, and 1C are given the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted.

[0027] For example, terminal 102 receives a signal transmitted by GNSS device 103, and terminal 102 estimates its position. Further details have already been explained, so we will omit them here.

[0028] Terminal 102 communicates with base station #1 of 101_1. Terminal 102 also communicates with base station #1 of 101_1 and base station #2 of 101_2 to estimate its own location. The location estimation process will be explained later.

[0029] Figure 1E shows a different example from Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D of the system configuration in this embodiment, which consists of, for example, a GNSS device, a base station, and a terminal. In Figure 1E, components that operate similarly to those in Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D are given the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted.

[0030] For example, terminal 102 receives a signal transmitted by GNSS device 103, and terminal 102 estimates its position. Further details have already been explained, so we will omit them here.

[0031] Terminal 102 communicates with base station #1 of 101_1 and base station #2 of 101_2. Terminal 102 also communicates with base station #1 of 101_1 and base station #2 of 101_2 to estimate its own location. The location estimation process will be explained later.

[0032] Figure 1F shows a different example of the system configuration in this embodiment, which consists of, for example, a GNSS device, a base station, and a terminal, from Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, and 1E. In Figure 1F, components that operate similarly to those in Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, and 1E are given the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted.

[0033] For example, terminal 102 receives a signal transmitted by GNSS device 103, and terminal 102 estimates its position. Further details have already been explained, so we will omit them here.

[0034] Terminal 102 communicates with base station #1 of 101_1. Terminal 102 also communicates with base station #2 of 101_2 and base station #3 of 101_3 to estimate its own location. The location estimation process will be explained later.

[0035] Figure 1G shows a different example from Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, and 1F of the system configuration in this embodiment, which consists of, for example, a GNSS device, a base station, and a terminal. In Figure 1G, components that operate similarly to those in Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, and 1F are given the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted.

[0036] For example, terminal 102 receives a signal transmitted by GNSS device 103, and terminal 102 estimates its position. Further details have already been explained, so we will omit them here.

[0037] Terminal 102 communicates with base station #1 of 101_1 and base station #2 of 101_2. Terminal 102 also communicates with base station #2 of 101_2 and base station #3 of 101_3 to estimate its own location. The location estimation process will be explained later.

[0038] FIG. 1H shows an example different from FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, and 1G, which are the configurations of a system composed of, for example, a GNSS device, a base station, and a terminal in the present embodiment. In FIG. 1H, those that operate in the same manner as FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, and 1G are assigned the same numbers, and some descriptions are omitted.

[0039] For example, the terminal 102 receives the signal transmitted by the GNSS device 103, and the terminal 102 estimates its position. Since the details have already been described, the description is omitted.

[0040] The terminal 102 communicates with the base station #1 of 101_1 and the base station #2 of 101_2. In addition, the terminal 102 exchanges messages with the base station #3 of 101_3 and the base station #4 of 101_4 to estimate the position of the terminal 102. The operation of position estimation will be described later.

[0041] In the systems of FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H, when there are multiple base stations, communication may be performed between the multiple base stations. At this time, it may be via other devices.

[0042] In the systems of FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H, the base station may communicate with other devices.

[0043] In the systems of FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H, the terminal may communicate with other devices.

[0044] In the systems of FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H, the number of base stations for estimating the position of the terminal may be 1 or more, or 2 or more, and the same implementation is possible. In the systems of FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H, the number of base stations communicating with the terminal may be 1 or more, or 2 or more, and the same implementation is possible.

[0045] Therefore, the configuration of the system composed of the base station, the terminal, and the GNSS device is not limited to the examples of "FIG. 1A, FIG. 1B, FIG. 1C, FIG. 1D, FIG. 1E, FIG. 1F, FIG. 1G, FIG. 1H".

[0046] FIG. 2A shows configuration examples of the base stations in base station #1 of 101_1 in FIG. 1A, base station #2 of 101_2 in FIG. 1C, base station #1 of 101_1 in FIG. 1D, "base station #1 of 101_1 and base station #2 of 101_2" in FIG. 1E, and base station #2 of 101_2 in FIG. 1G. These base stations are supposed to have communication-related processing functions and processing functions for position estimation.

[0047] The control unit 298 takes the control data 299 as input and outputs the control signal 297.

[0048] The communication processing unit 203 takes the communication data 205, the signal 224 for position estimation, and the control signal 297 as input, and based on the communication data 205, the signal 224 for position estimation, and the control signal 297, performs processes such as error correction coding, modulation, multiplexing, and frequency conversion, generates and outputs a transmission signal 206 related to communication. Then, the transmission signal 206 related to communication is output from the communication antenna unit 201 as, for example, radio waves.

[0049] Also, the communication processing unit 203 takes the received signal 202 related to communication received by the communication antenna unit 201 and the control signal 297 as input, and based on the received signal 202 related to communication and the control signal 297, performs processes such as frequency conversion, demodulation, and error correction decoding, and outputs the received data 204 related to communication.

[0050] The position estimation related processing unit 223 takes the signal 225 related to position estimation and the control signal 297 as input, and based on the signal 225 related to position estimation and the control signal 297, generates and outputs a transmission signal 226 for position estimation. The transmission signal 226 for position estimation is output from the antenna unit 221 for position estimation as, for example, radio waves. For example, the terminal may receive this signal and perform position estimation.

[0051] Furthermore, the position estimation-related processing unit 223 receives the received signal 222 and control signal 297 for position estimation received by the position estimation antenna unit 221 as input, performs position estimation and / or related processing, and outputs a signal 224 for position estimation. Note that the signal 224 for position estimation may contain position estimation information. For example, the received signal 222 for position estimation is the received signal of a signal transmitted by the terminal. In this case, the position estimation information is the terminal's position estimation information.

[0052] The communication antenna unit 201 may be configured to include one or more antennas, or two or more antennas. Therefore, when transmitting with the communication antenna unit 201, one or more or two or more signals may be transmitted. Similarly, when receiving with the communication antenna unit 201, one or more or two or more signals may be received.

[0053] The position estimation antenna unit 221 may be configured to include one or more antennas, or two or more antennas. Therefore, when transmitting with the position estimation antenna unit 221, one or more or two or more signals may be transmitted. Similarly, when receiving with the position estimation antenna unit 221, one or more or two or more signals may be received.

[0054] Figure 2B shows a different example of the base station configuration in Figure 1A (base station #1 of 101_1), Figure 1C (base station #2 of 101_2), Figure 1D (base station #1 of 101_1), Figure 1E ("base station #1 of 101_1, base station #2 of 101_2"), and Figure 1G (base station #2 of 101_2), compared to Figure 2A.

[0055] The control unit 298 receives control data 299 as input and outputs a control signal 297.

[0056] The communication and position estimation processing unit 283 receives the control signal 297 as input. If the control signal 297 indicates "perform a communication operation," the communication and position estimation processing unit 283 will perform a communication-related operation. If the control signal 297 indicates "perform a position estimation," the communication and position estimation processing unit 283 will perform a position estimation-related operation.

[0057] When "communication operation is performed," the communication and position estimation processing unit 283 receives the transmission-related signals 285 and control signals 297 as input, and based on the transmission-related signals 285 and control signals 297, performs processing such as error correction coding, modulation, multiplexing, and frequency conversion to generate and output the transmission signal 286. The transmission signal 286 is then output from the communication and position estimation antenna unit 281, for example, as radio waves.

[0058] Furthermore, when "communication operation is performed," the communication and position estimation processing unit 283 receives the control signal 297 and the received signal 282 as input, and performs processing such as frequency conversion, demodulation, and error correction decoding based on the received signal 282 and the control signal 297, and outputs the received data 284.

[0059] The communication and position estimation processing unit 283 receives the control signal 297 as input. When the control signal 297 indicates that "position estimation operation is performed," the communication and position estimation processing unit 283 receives the transmission-related signal 285 and the control signal 297 as input. Based on the transmission-related signal 285 and the control signal 297, the communication and position estimation processing unit 283 generates a signal for position estimation and outputs it as the transmission signal 286. The transmission signal 286 is then output from the communication and position estimation antenna unit 281, for example, as radio waves. For example, a terminal may receive this signal and perform position estimation.

[0060] Furthermore, when "performing a position estimation operation," the communication and position estimation processing unit 283 takes the control signal 297 and the received signal 282 received by the communication and position estimation antenna unit 281 as input, performs processing for position estimation based on the received signal 282 and the control signal 297, and outputs received data 284. At this time, the communication and position estimation processing unit 283 may perform position estimation. Also, the received data 284 may include position information. For example, the received signal 282 is the signal received when a signal transmitted by a terminal is received. In this case, the position information is the terminal's position estimation information.

[0061] The communication and position estimation antenna unit 281 may be configured to include one or more antennas, or two or more antennas. Therefore, when transmitting using the communication and position estimation antenna unit 281, one or more or two or more signals may be transmitted. Similarly, when receiving using the communication and position estimation antenna unit 281, one or more or two or more signals may be received.

[0062] Figure 2C shows example base station configurations for base station #1 of 101_1 in Figure 1B, base station #1 of 101_1 in Figure 1C, base station #1 of 101_1 in Figure 1F, base station #1 of 101_1 in Figure 1G, and base station #1 of 101 and base station #2 of 101_2 in Figure 1H. These base stations have communication-related processing functions.

[0063] The control unit 298 receives control data 299 as input and outputs a control signal 297.

[0064] The communication processing unit 203 receives communication data 205 and control signals 297 as input, and based on the communication data 205 and control signals 297, performs processing such as error correction coding, modulation, multiplexing, and frequency conversion to generate and output communication-related transmission signals 206. The communication-related transmission signals 206 are then output from the communication antenna unit 201, for example, as radio waves.

[0065] Furthermore, the communication processing unit 203 takes the communication-related received signals 202 and control signals 297 received by the communication antenna unit 201 as input, performs processing such as frequency conversion, demodulation, and error correction decoding based on the communication-related received signals 202 and control signals 297, and outputs the communication-related received data 204.

[0066] The communication antenna unit 201 may be configured to include one or more antennas, or two or more antennas. Therefore, when transmitting with the communication antenna unit 201, one or more or two or more signals may be transmitted. Similarly, when receiving with the communication antenna unit 201, one or more or two or more signals may be received.

[0067] Figure 2D shows example base station configurations for base station #2 of 101_2 in Figure 1B, base station #2 of 101_2 in Figure 1D, "base station #2 of 101_2 and base station #3 of 101_3" in Figure 1F, base station #3 of 101_3 in Figure 1G, and "base station #3 of 101_3 and base station #4 of 101_4" in Figure 1H. These base stations have processing functions for location estimation.

[0068] The control unit 298 receives control data 299 as input and outputs a control signal 297.

[0069] The position estimation-related processing unit 223 receives position estimation-related signals 225 and control signals 297 as input and generates and outputs a transmission signal 226 for position estimation based on the position estimation-related signals 225 and control signals 297. The transmission signal 226 for position estimation is output from the position estimation antenna unit 221, for example, as radio waves. For example, a terminal may receive this signal and perform position estimation.

[0070] Furthermore, the position estimation-related processing unit 223 receives the received signal 222 and control signal 297 for position estimation received by the position estimation antenna unit 221 as input, performs position estimation and / or related processing, and outputs a signal 224 for position estimation. Note that the signal 224 for position estimation may contain position estimation information. For example, the received signal 222 for position estimation is the received signal of a signal transmitted by the terminal. In this case, the position estimation information is the terminal's position estimation information.

[0071] The position estimation antenna unit 221 may be configured to include one or more antennas, or two or more antennas. Therefore, when transmitting with the position estimation antenna unit 221, one or more or two or more signals may be transmitted. Similarly, when receiving with the position estimation antenna unit 221, one or more or two or more signals may be received.

[0072] Figure 3A shows an example of the configuration of terminal 102 in Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H. Terminal 102 has the function of receiving signals transmitted by the GNSS device 103 and estimating its position, the function of communicating with the base station, and the function of interacting with the base station and processing for position estimation.

[0073] The control unit 398 takes control data 399 as input and outputs a control signal 397.

[0074] The receiving antenna unit 301 receives the signal transmitted by the GNSS device 103 and obtains a received signal 302. The position estimation receiving device 303 then takes the received signal 302 and the control signal 397 as input, performs processing for position estimation, and outputs a signal 304 related to position estimation. At this time, the signal 304 related to position estimation may include the estimated position information. The estimated position information may also be interpreted as the position information of the terminal itself or the position information of the user using the terminal.

[0075] The position estimation-related processing unit 343 is the part that communicates with the base station and performs processing for position estimation.

[0076] The position estimation-related processing unit 343 receives position estimation-related signals 345 and control signals 397 as input and generates and outputs a transmission signal 346 for position estimation based on the position estimation-related signals 345 and control signals 397. The transmission signal 346 for position estimation is output from the position estimation antenna unit 341, for example, as radio waves. For example, a base station may receive this signal and perform position estimation.

[0077] Furthermore, the position estimation-related processing unit 343 receives the received signal 342 and control signal 397 for position estimation received by the position estimation antenna unit 341 as input, performs position estimation and / or position estimation-related processing, and outputs a signal 344 for position estimation. Note that the signal 344 for position estimation may contain position estimation information. For example, the received signal 342 for position estimation is the signal received when a signal transmitted by a base station is received. In this case, the position estimation information is the position estimation information of the terminal and / or the user.

[0078] The communication processing unit 323 receives communication data 325, a signal related to position estimation 304, a signal for position estimation 344, and a control signal 397 as input. Based on the communication data 325, the signal related to position estimation 304, the signal for position estimation 344, and the control signal 397, it performs processing such as error correction coding, modulation, multiplexing, and frequency conversion to generate and output a communication-related transmission signal 326. The communication-related transmission signal 326 is then output from the communication antenna unit 321, for example, as radio waves.

[0079] Furthermore, the communication processing unit 323 takes the communication-related received signals 322 and control signals 397 received by the communication antenna unit 321 as input, performs processing such as frequency conversion, demodulation, and error correction decoding based on the communication-related received signals 322 and control signals 397, and outputs the communication-related received data 324.

[0080] The communication antenna unit 321 may be configured to include one or more antennas, or two or more antennas. Therefore, when transmitting with the communication antenna unit 321, one or more or two or more signals may be transmitted. Similarly, when receiving with the communication antenna unit 321, one or more or two or more signals may be received.

[0081] The position estimation antenna unit 341 may be configured to include one or more antennas, or two or more antennas. Therefore, when transmitting with the position estimation antenna unit 341, one or more or two or more signals may be transmitted. Similarly, when receiving with the position estimation antenna unit 341, one or more or two or more signals may be received.

[0082] The receiving antenna unit 301 may be configured to include one or more antennas, or two or more antennas. Therefore, when receiving signals with the receiving antenna unit 301, one or more signals, or two or more signals, may be received.

[0083] Figure 3B shows a different example of the configuration of terminal 102 in Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H compared to Figure 3A. Terminal 102 has the function of receiving signals transmitted by the GNSS device 103 and performing position estimation, the function of communicating with the base station, and the function of interacting with the base station and performing processing for position estimation.

[0084] The control unit 398 takes control data 399 as input and outputs a control signal 397.

[0085] The receiving antenna unit 301 receives the signal transmitted by the GNSS device 103 and obtains a received signal 302. The position estimation receiving device 303 then takes the received signal 302 and the control signal 397 as input, performs processing for position estimation, and outputs a signal 304 related to position estimation. At this time, the signal 304 related to position estimation may include the estimated position information. The estimated position information may also be interpreted as the position information of the terminal itself or the position information of the user using the terminal.

[0086] The communication and position estimation processing unit 383 is responsible for "processing that communicates with the base station and performs position estimation" and "processing that communicates with the base station."

[0087] The communication and position estimation processing unit 383 receives the control signal 397 as input, and if the control signal 397 indicates "perform position estimation operation", the communication and position estimation processing unit 383 will perform position estimation processing.

[0088] For example, if the control signal 397 indicates "perform position estimation operation," the communication and position estimation processing unit 383 takes the input signal 385 and the control signal 397 as input and generates and outputs a transmission signal 386 (for position estimation) based on the input signal 385 and the control signal 397. The transmission signal 386 (for position estimation) is output from the communication and position estimation antenna unit 381, for example, as radio waves. For example, a base station may receive this signal and perform position estimation.

[0089] Furthermore, if the control signal 397 indicates "perform position estimation operation," the communication and position estimation processing unit 383 takes the received signal 382 (for position estimation) and the control signal 397 received by the communication and position estimation antenna unit 381 as input, performs position estimation and / or position estimation-related processing, and outputs a signal 384 (for position estimation). Note that the signal 384 (for position estimation) may contain position estimation information. For example, the received signal 382 (for position estimation) is the signal received when a signal transmitted by the base station is received. In this case, the position estimation information is the position estimation information of the terminal and / or the user.

[0090] For example, if the control signal 397 indicates "perform communication operation," the communication and position estimation processing unit 383 takes the input signal 385, the position estimation signal 304, and the control signal 397 as input, and performs processing such as error correction coding, modulation, multiplexing, and frequency conversion based on the input signal 385, the position estimation signal 304, the signal 384, and the control signal 397 to generate and output the (communication-related) transmission signal 386. The (communication-related) transmission signal 386 is then output from the communication and position estimation antenna unit 381, for example, as radio waves.

[0091] Furthermore, if the control signal 397 indicates "to perform communication operations," the communication and position estimation processing unit 383 takes the (communication-related) received signal 382 and the control signal 397 received by the communication and position estimation antenna unit 381 as input, performs processing such as frequency conversion, demodulation, and error correction decoding based on the (communication-related) received signal 382 and the control signal 397, and outputs the (communication-related) signal 384.

[0092] The communication and position estimation antenna unit 381 may be configured to include one or more antennas, or two or more antennas. Therefore, when transmitting using the communication and position estimation antenna unit 381, one or more signals, or two or more signals, may be transmitted. Similarly, when receiving using the communication and position estimation antenna unit 381, one or more signals, or two or more signals, may be received.

[0093] The receiving antenna unit 301 may be configured to include one or more antennas, or two or more antennas. Therefore, when receiving signals with the receiving antenna unit 301, one or more signals, or two or more signals, may be received.

[0094] Figure 4A shows examples of communication between the base station and the terminal in Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H. The following section will explain the general overview of communication between the base station and the terminal.

[0095] Terminal 102 receives the signal transmitted by the GNSS device 103, performs position estimation, and obtains position estimation information (401). Terminal 102 transmits this position estimation information to the "communication base station and / or position estimation base station" (402), and the "communication base station and / or position estimation base station" obtains the position estimation information (421). In addition to the position estimation information, the terminal may also transmit time information to the "communication base station and / or position estimation base station". The transmitted position estimation information and time information are examples of third-party position information.

[0096] The terminal 102 then transmits a request for confirmation (hereinafter referred to as location confirmation) to the communication base station and / or location estimation base station to determine whether the location information obtained using the GNSS device 103 is correct (403), and the communication base station and / or location estimation base station receives this location confirmation request (422). However, although it is called location confirmation here, other names may be used. Any name is acceptable as long as it means information requesting the base station to determine whether the information regarding the terminal's location is correct or not.

[0097] Figure 4A describes the operation of the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" when it performs location approval in response to a location approval request from terminal 102.

[0098] A "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station" transmits "information indicating whether or not to perform an action for location authentication" (423). It is assumed that the "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station" has decided to perform a location authentication action in response to the location authentication information obtained from the terminal.

[0099] Then, terminal 102 and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" will perform location estimation to estimate the location of terminal 102 (499). The operation of "terminal 102 and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" to estimate the location of terminal 102" will be explained later. In addition to estimating the terminal's location, the base station and terminal may also obtain time information.

[0100] As described above, the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" obtains "location information of terminal 102 obtained through communication between terminal 102 and GNSS device 103" and "location information of terminal 102 obtained through location estimation (499) by terminal 102 and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station". The "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" compares "location information of terminal 102 obtained through communication between terminal 102 and GNSS device 103" and "location information of terminal 102 obtained through location estimation (499) by terminal 102 and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station"" to determine whether the location information of terminal 102 is correct (approves the location information of the terminal) (424). Note that time information may be used when the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" determines whether the location information of terminal 102 is correct. For example, time information obtained together with "location information of terminal 102 obtained through communication between terminal 102 and GNSS device 103" may be compared with time information obtained together with "location information of terminal 102 obtained through location estimation (499) by terminal 102 and "communication base station and / or location estimation base station".

[0101] Then, the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" transmits to terminal 102 information indicating whether or not the location information of terminal 102 is correct (425). Terminal 102 then receives information indicating whether or not the location information of terminal 102 is correct (405). Note that the information indicating whether or not the location information of terminal 102 is correct may include time information.

[0102] Figure 4A shows an example of the communication between the base station and the terminal in Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H. The order of the specific information exchange between the base station and the terminal is not limited to the order shown in Figure 4A. Other processes may also exist, and Figure 4A is merely an example.

[0103] As described above, by comparing multiple pieces of information regarding the terminal's location, the base station or other device can authenticate and approve the terminal's location, thereby proving the accuracy of the terminal's location information.

[0104] In the above description, it was stated that "terminal 102 and the 'communication base station and / or location estimation base station' will perform location estimation to estimate the location of terminal 102 (499)." Below, an example of a method for estimating the location of terminal 102 by terminal 102 and the 'communication base station and / or location estimation base station' will be described.

[0105] Broadly speaking, the methods for estimating the location of terminal 102 using terminal 102 and a "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" can be divided into two categories: a method in which terminal 102 estimates its own location, and a method in which the base station estimates the location of terminal 102.

[0106] This section explains how a base station estimates the location of a terminal. In this case, terminal 102 in Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H transmits reference signals (for location estimation).

[0107] In the case of Figure 1A, base station #1 of 101_1 receives the reference signal (for position estimation) transmitted by terminal 102 and performs position estimation of terminal 102.

[0108] In the cases of Figures 1B and 1C, base station #2 of 101_2 receives the reference signal (for position estimation) transmitted by terminal 102 and performs position estimation of terminal 102.

[0109] In the cases shown in Figures 1D and 1E, base station #1 of 101_1 and base station #2 of 101_2 receive the reference signal (for position estimation) transmitted by terminal 102 and perform position estimation of terminal 102.

[0110] In the cases shown in Figures 1F and 1G, base stations #2 of 101_2 and #3 of 101_3 receive the reference signal (for position estimation) transmitted by terminal 102 and perform position estimation of terminal 102.

[0111] In the case of Figure 1H, base stations #3 of 101_3 and #4 of 101_4 receive the reference signal (for position estimation) transmitted by terminal 102 and perform position estimation of terminal 102.

[0112] The following methods can be used to estimate the location.

[0113] Depending on the method of estimating the position, which may require multiple base stations for position estimation, the base stations and / or terminals may perform directional control and beamforming. (Spatial filters may also be used.)

[0114] Depending on the method used for location estimation, the terminal may transmit multiple (location estimation) reference signals.

[0115] Here, we refer to it as a reference signal, but it may be called by other names. For example, the reference signal may also be called a reference symbol, reference signal, pilot signal, pilot symbol, preamble, known signal, known symbol, unique word, postamble, control information signal, control information symbol, etc.

[0116] This section will explain how terminal 102 estimates its location.

[0117] In the case of Figure 1A, base station #1 of 101_1 transmits a reference signal(s) for position estimation. Terminal 102 then receives the reference signal(s) transmitted by base station #1 of 101_1 and performs position estimation for terminal 102.

[0118] In the cases of Figures 1B and 1C, base station #2 of 101_2 transmits a reference signal (for position estimation). Terminal 102 then receives the reference signal (for position estimation) transmitted by base station #2 of 101_2 and performs position estimation of terminal 102.

[0119] In Figures 1D and 1E, "base station #1 of 101_1" and "base station #2 of 101_2" transmit a reference signal (for position estimation). Terminal 102 then receives the reference signal (for position estimation) transmitted by "base station #1 of 101_1" and "base station #2 of 101_2" and performs position estimation of terminal 102.

[0120] In Figures 1F and 1G, "base station #2 of 101_2 and base station #3 of 101_3" transmit a reference signal (for position estimation). Terminal 102 then receives the reference signal (for position estimation) transmitted by "base station #2 of 101_2 and base station #3 of 101_3" and performs position estimation of terminal 102.

[0121] In the case of Figure 1H, "base station #3 of 101_3 and base station #4 of 101_4" transmit a reference signal (for position estimation). Terminal 102 then receives the reference signal (for position estimation) transmitted by "base station #3 of 101_3 and base station #4 of 101_4" and performs position estimation of terminal 102.

[0122] The following methods can be used to estimate the location.

[0123] Depending on the method of estimating the position, which may require multiple base stations for position estimation, the base stations and / or terminals may perform directional control and beamforming. (Spatial filters may also be used.)

[0124] Depending on the location estimation method, multiple base stations may transmit reference signals (for location estimation).

[0125] Here, we refer to it as a reference signal, but it may be called by other names. For example, the reference signal may also be called a reference symbol, reference signal, pilot signal, pilot symbol, preamble, known signal, known symbol, unique word, postamble, control information signal, control information symbol, etc.

[0126] However, the device used to estimate the terminal's location may be any other device communicating with the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station." This point will be explained.

[0127] Figure 4B shows a system configuration diagram when another device communicating with the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station," such as an LMF (location management function), estimates the location of a terminal. In the following explanation, the LMF will be used as an example of the other device.

[0128] In Figure 4B, base station 480 corresponds to the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" in Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H. Base station 480 will communicate with the terminal to estimate the terminal's location (for example, 499 in Figure 4A), and will output the "information and / or signals 481" obtained in this communication. Base station 480 may consist of one base station or multiple base stations.

[0129] The position estimation unit 491 receives "information and / or signals 481" as input, estimates the terminal's position based on the "information and / or signals 481", and outputs terminal position information 482, and the base station 480 may obtain the terminal position information 482.

[0130] Although the above explanation refers to it as LMF, it is possible to perform the same implementation using other devices instead of LMF. Furthermore, it is also possible to perform the same implementation using AMF (access and mobility management function) instead of LMF.

[0131] As shown in Figures 2A, 2B, and 2D, the base station configuration may be performed by the base station. Alternatively, the base station configuration shown in Figure 2C may perform the position estimation.

[0132] In Figure 4A, the operation of the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" when performing location approval in response to a location approval request from terminal 102 was explained. The configuration of the base station at this time will now be explained.

[0133] A base station having any of the configurations shown in Figures 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D may also have the configuration shown in Figure 5A.

[0134] The approval unit (authentication unit) 500 takes the terminal location information 501 and 502 obtained from the terminal as input.

[0135] At this time, the terminal's location information 501 is "the terminal's location information obtained through communication with the GNSS device 103 in Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H," and the base station corresponding to "a communication base station and / or a location estimation base station" will obtain the terminal's location information 501 from the terminal, which corresponds to "the terminal's location information obtained through communication with the GNSS device 103 in Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H." The terminal's location information 502 is "the terminal's location information obtained through communication between the terminal and the base station in Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H." Note that the detailed operation has already been explained, so the explanation will be omitted. Location information 501 is an example of the first location information. Location information 502 is an example of the second location information.

[0136] The approval unit (authentication unit) 500 compares terminal location information 501, which corresponds to "location information of terminal 102 obtained through communication between terminal 102 and GNSS device 103", with terminal location information 502, which corresponds to "location information of terminal 102 obtained through location estimation by terminal 102 and "communication base station and / or location estimation base station", and determines whether the location information of terminal 102 is correct.

[0137] The approval unit (authentication unit) 500 then outputs "information 503 indicating whether the location information of terminal 102 is correct or not." The base station equipped with Figure 5A transmits "information 503 indicating whether the location information of terminal 102 is correct or not" to terminal 102, and terminal 102 receives information corresponding to "information 503 indicating whether the location information of terminal 102 is correct or not." The base station equipped with the approval unit 500 in Figure 5A is an example of a communication system device.

[0138] Using Figure 5A, we explained the operation of a "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" when it performs location approval in response to a location approval request from terminal 102. Below, we will explain an example where the device that performs location approval in response to a location approval request from terminal 102 is a device other than a base station. Here, we will use LMF as an example of the device other than a base station. Note that the device other than a base station is not limited to LMF, but may also be an AMF.

[0139] Figure 5B is a system configuration diagram consisting of a "communication base station and / or a position estimation base station" and an LMF. In Figure 5B, components that operate in the same way as in Figure 4B are given the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted. For example, the operation of the position estimation unit 491 equipped in the LMF 490 in Figure 5B has already been explained in Figure 4B, so the explanation is omitted here.

[0140] The base station 480, which corresponds to "a base station for communications and / or a base station for position estimation," may have a configuration that includes, for example, any of the configurations shown in Figures 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D.

[0141] In Figure 5B, the LMF 490 includes a position estimation unit 491 and an approval unit 510.

[0142] The approval unit (authentication unit) 500 takes the terminal location information 511 and 512 obtained from the terminal as input.

[0143] In this case, the terminal location information 511 is "the terminal location information obtained through communication between the terminal and the GNSS device 103 in Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H". The terminal location information 512 is "the terminal location information obtained through communication between the terminal and the base station in Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H".

[0144] The approval unit (authentication unit) 510 compares terminal location information 511, which corresponds to "location information of terminal 102 obtained through communication between terminal 102 and GNSS device 103", with terminal location information 512, which corresponds to "location information of terminal 102 obtained through location estimation by terminal 102 and "communication base station and / or location estimation base station", and determines whether the location information of terminal 102 is correct.

[0145] The approval unit (authentication unit) 510 then outputs "information 513 indicating whether or not the location information of the terminal 102 is correct."

[0146] The base station 480 obtains "information 513 indicating whether or not the location information of terminal 102 is correct" and transmits it to terminal 102, and terminal 102 obtains information corresponding to "information 513 indicating whether or not the location information of terminal 102 is correct".

[0147] The approval unit (authentication unit) 510 may also obtain "the terminal's location information obtained from the exchange between the terminal and the base station in Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H" from the location estimation unit 491. Therefore, the approval unit (authentication unit) 510 may take the terminal's location information 482 as input and obtain "the terminal's location information obtained from the exchange between the terminal and the base station in Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H".

[0148] Figure 5C shows a system configuration diagram different from Figure 5B, which consists of a "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station" and an LMF. In Figure 5C, components that operate similarly to those in Figures 4B and 5B are given the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted.

[0149] The base station 480, which corresponds to "a base station for communications and / or a base station for position estimation," may have a configuration that includes, for example, any of the configurations shown in Figures 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D.

[0150] In Figure 5C, the LMF 490 is equipped with an approval unit 510. As previously explained, the base station 480 may also be equipped with a position estimation unit, in which case the base station 480 will have obtained "the terminal's position information obtained through the exchange between the terminal and the base station in Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H".

[0151] The approval unit (authentication unit) 500 takes the terminal location information 511 and 512 obtained from the terminal as input.

[0152] In this case, the terminal location information 511 is "the terminal location information obtained through communication between the terminal and the GNSS device 103 in Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H". The terminal location information 512 is "the terminal location information obtained through communication between the terminal and the base station in Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H".

[0153] The approval unit (authentication unit) 510 compares terminal location information 511, which corresponds to "location information of terminal 102 obtained through communication between terminal 102 and GNSS device 103", with terminal location information 512, which corresponds to "location information of terminal 102 obtained through location estimation by terminal 102 and "communication base station and / or location estimation base station", and determines whether the location information of terminal 102 is correct.

[0154] The approval unit (authentication unit) 510 then outputs "information 513 indicating whether or not the location information of the terminal 102 is correct."

[0155] The base station 480 obtains "information 513 indicating whether or not the location information of terminal 102 is correct" and transmits it to terminal 102, and terminal 102 obtains information corresponding to "information 513 indicating whether or not the location information of terminal 102 is correct".

[0156] A supplementary explanation will be provided regarding the operation of the base station and LMF in the cases shown in Figures 5B and 5C.

[0157] Figure 6 shows an example of the communication between base station 480 and LMF 490 in Figures 5B and 5C.

[0158] In the case of Figure 5B: The operation in the case of Figure 5B will be explained. The base station transmits terminal location information 511, which corresponds to "the location information of terminal 102 obtained through the exchange between terminal 102 and the GNSS device 103", and terminal location information 512, which corresponds to "the location information of terminal 102 obtained through location estimation by terminal 102 and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station"" to the LMF (601). The LMF then receives terminal location information 511 and terminal location information 512 (611).

[0159] The base station transmits the "location information approval request information" obtained from the terminal to the LMF (602). The LMF then receives the "location information approval request information" (612).

[0160] The LMF compares "terminal location information 511 and terminal location information 512" and determines whether the location information is correct (determining whether to approve or not) (613).

[0161] The LMF then transmits information to the base station indicating whether or not the terminal's location information is correct (614).

[0162] The base station obtains information indicating whether or not the terminal's location information is correct (603). The base station may also transmit this information to the terminal. Furthermore, when the LMF obtains the terminal's location information (611), it may obtain the terminal's location information from the location estimation unit 491 in Figure 5B.

[0163] In the case of Figure 5C: The operation in the case of Figure 5C will be explained. The base station transmits terminal location information 511, which corresponds to "the location information of terminal 102 obtained through the exchange between terminal 102 and the GNSS device 103", and terminal location information 512, which corresponds to "the location information of terminal 102 obtained through location estimation by terminal 102 and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station"" to the LMF (601). The LMF then receives terminal location information 511 and terminal location information 512 (611).

[0164] The base station transmits the "location information approval request information" obtained from the terminal to the LMF (602). The LMF then receives the "location information approval request information" (612).

[0165] The LMF compares "terminal location information 511 and terminal location information 512" and determines whether the location information is correct (determining whether to approve or not) (613).

[0166] The LMF then transmits information to the base station indicating whether or not the terminal's location information is correct (614).

[0167] The base station obtains information indicating whether or not the terminal's location information is correct (603). The base station may also transmit this information to the terminal.

[0168] Figure 6 shows an example of communication between a base station and an LMF, but the order of information exchange between the base station and the LMF is not limited to the order shown in Figure 6. Furthermore, other processes may exist, and Figure 6 is merely an example.

[0169] As described above, by comparing multiple pieces of information regarding the terminal's location and having a base station or other device authenticate and approve the terminal's location, it is possible to construct a system that can prove the accuracy of the terminal's location information.

[0170] Furthermore, since the "user or organization that owns the base station system," which is different from the user using the terminal, will certify the terminal's location and issue a certificate regarding the terminal's location, this certificate will be highly reliable and difficult to tamper with.

[0171] Let's now discuss an example different from the one described above. Figure 7A shows an example of the configuration of a system in this embodiment, which consists of, for example, an AP (access point), a base station, and a terminal.

[0172] Terminal 102 communicates with base station #1 of 101_1. Terminal 102 also communicates with base station #1 of 101_1 to estimate its own location. The operation of location estimation through communication between the base station and the terminal has already been explained, so further explanation will be omitted.

[0173] In Figure 7A, the term "base station" is used, but a base station may also refer to a TRP, repeater, or other similar device. However, in this specification, it will be referred to as a base station for the purposes of this explanation. Furthermore, it will be referred to as a base station from here on out.

[0174] Terminal 102 communicates with AP 703. It is assumed that AP communicates with other communication devices, i.e., is connected to a network. Therefore, AP obtains location information from devices on the network, and terminal obtains location information from AP.

[0175] Figure 7B shows a different example from Figure 7A of the system configuration in this embodiment, for example, consisting of an AP (access point), a base station, and a terminal. In Figure 7B, components that operate similarly to those in Figure 7A are given the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted.

[0176] Terminal 102 communicates with base station #1 of 101_1. Terminal 102 also communicates with base station #2 of 101_2 to estimate its own location. The location estimation process has already been explained, so further explanation will be omitted.

[0177] Terminal 102 communicates with AP 703. It is assumed that AP communicates with other communication devices, i.e., is connected to a network. Therefore, AP obtains location information from devices on the network, and terminal obtains location information from AP.

[0178] Figure 7C shows a different example of the system configuration in this embodiment, which consists of, for example, an AP (access point), a base station, and a terminal, compared to Figures 7A and 7B. In Figure 7C, components that operate similarly to those in Figures 7A and 7B are given the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted.

[0179] Terminal 102 communicates with base station #1 of 101_1 and base station #2 of 101_2. Terminal 102 also communicates with base station #2 of 101_2 to estimate its own location. The operation of location estimation has already been explained, so further explanation will be omitted.

[0180] Terminal 102 communicates with AP 703. It is assumed that AP communicates with other communication devices, i.e., is connected to a network. Therefore, AP obtains location information from devices on the network, and terminal obtains location information from AP.

[0181] Figure 7D shows a different example of the system configuration in this embodiment, which consists of, for example, an AP (access point), a base station, and a terminal, compared to Figures 7A, 7B, and 7C. In Figure 7D, components that operate similarly to those in Figures 7A, 7B, and 7C are given the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted.

[0182] Terminal 102 communicates with base station #1 of 101_1. Terminal 102 also communicates with base station #1 of 101_1 and base station #2 of 101_2 to estimate its own location. The operation of location estimation has already been explained, so further explanation will be omitted.

[0183] Terminal 102 communicates with AP 703. It is assumed that AP communicates with other communication devices, i.e., is connected to a network. Therefore, AP obtains location information from devices on the network, and terminal obtains location information from AP.

[0184] Figure 7E shows a different example from Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, and 7D of the system configuration in this embodiment, which consists of, for example, an AP (access point), a base station, and a terminal. In Figure 7E, components that operate in the same way as in Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, and 7D are given the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted.

[0185] Terminal 102 communicates with base station #1 of 101_1 and base station #2 of 101_2. Terminal 102 also communicates with base station #1 of 101_1 and base station #2 of 101_2 to estimate its own location. The operation of location estimation has already been explained, so further explanation will be omitted.

[0186] Terminal 102 communicates with AP 703. It is assumed that AP communicates with other communication devices, i.e., is connected to a network. Therefore, AP obtains location information from devices on the network, and terminal obtains location information from AP.

[0187] Figure 7F shows a different example of the system configuration in this embodiment, which consists of, for example, an AP (access point), a base station, and a terminal, from Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, and 7E. In Figure 7F, components that operate similarly to those in Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, and 7E are given the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted.

[0188] Terminal 102 communicates with base station #1 of 101_1. Terminal 102 also communicates with base station #2 of 101_2 and base station #3 of 101_3 to estimate its own location. The operation of location estimation has already been explained, so further explanation will be omitted.

[0189] Terminal 102 communicates with AP 703. It is assumed that AP communicates with other communication devices, i.e., is connected to a network. Therefore, AP obtains location information from devices on the network, and terminal obtains location information from AP.

[0190] Figure 7G shows a different example from Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, and 7F of the system configuration in this embodiment, which consists of, for example, an AP (access point), a base station, and a terminal. In Figure 7G, components that operate similarly to those in Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, and 7F are given the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted.

[0191] Terminal 102 communicates with base station #1 of 101_1 and base station #2 of 101_2. Terminal 102 also communicates with base station #2 of 101_2 and base station #3 of 101_3 to estimate its own location. The operation of location estimation has already been explained, so further explanation will be omitted.

[0192] Terminal 102 communicates with AP 703. It is assumed that AP communicates with other communication devices, i.e., is connected to a network. Therefore, AP obtains location information from devices on the network, and terminal obtains location information from AP.

[0193] Figure 7H shows an example of a system configuration in this embodiment that differs from Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, and 7G, which consist of, for example, an AP (access point), a base station, and a terminal. In Figure 7H, components that operate similarly to those in Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, and 7G are given the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted.

[0194] Terminal 102 communicates with base station #1 of 101_1 and base station #2 of 101_2. Terminal 102 also communicates with base station #3 of 101_3 and base station #4 of 101_4 to estimate its own location. The operation of location estimation has already been explained, so further explanation will be omitted.

[0195] Terminal 102 communicates with AP 703. It is assumed that AP communicates with other communication devices, i.e., is connected to a network. Therefore, AP obtains location information from devices on the network, and terminal obtains location information from AP.

[0196] In addition, in the systems shown in Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, and 7H, if there are multiple base stations, communication may occur between the multiple base stations. In this case, communication may be conducted via other devices.

[0197] Furthermore, in the systems shown in Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, and 7H, the base station may communicate with other devices.

[0198] Furthermore, in the systems shown in Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, and 7H, the terminal may communicate with other devices.

[0199] In the systems shown in Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, and 7H, the same procedure can be followed even if the number of base stations performing terminal location estimation is one or more, or even if it is two or more.

[0200] Therefore, the configuration of a system consisting of base stations and terminals is not limited to the examples shown in "Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, and 7H".

[0201] Figure 2A shows example base station configurations for base station #1 of 101_1 in Figure 7A, base station #2 of 101_2 in Figure 7C, base station #1 of 101_1 in Figure 7D, base station #1 of 101_1 and base station #2 of 101_2 in Figure 7E, and base station #2 of 101_2 in Figure 7G. These base stations have communication-related processing functions and processing functions for location estimation. The detailed operation of Figure 2A has already been explained, so the explanation is omitted here.

[0202] Figure 2B shows a different example of the base station configuration in Figure 7A (Base Station #1 of 101_1), Figure 7C (Base Station #2 of 101_2), Figure 7D (Base Station #1 of 101_1), Figure 7E ("Base Station #1 of 101_1, Base Station #2 of 101_2"), and Figure 7G (Base Station #2 of 101_2). Note that the detailed operation of Figure 2B has already been explained, so the explanation is omitted here.

[0203] Figure 2C shows example base station configurations for base station #1 of 101_1 in Figure 7B, base station #1 of 101_1 in Figure 7C, base station #1 of 101_1 in Figure 7F, base station #1 of 101_1 in Figure 7G, and base station #1 of 101 and base station #2 of 101_2 in Figure 7H. These base stations have communication-related processing functions. The detailed operation of Figure 2C has already been explained, so the explanation is omitted here.

[0204] Figure 2D shows example base station configurations for base station #2 of 101_2 in Figure 7B, base station #2 of 101_2 in Figure 7D, "base station #2 of 101_2 and base station #3 of 101_3" in Figure 7F, base station #3 of 101_3 in Figure 7G, and "base station #3 of 101_3 and base station #4 of 101_4" in Figure 7H. These base stations have processing functions for location estimation. The detailed operation of Figure 2D has already been explained, so the explanation is omitted here.

[0205] Figure 8A shows an example of the configuration of terminal 102 in Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, and 7H. Terminal 102 has the function of performing location estimation by communicating with AP703 (a function to obtain location information), a function to communicate with the base station, and a function to perform processing for location estimation by interacting with the base station. In Figure 8A, the same numbers are used for components that operate in the same way as in Figure 3A, and some explanations are omitted.

[0206] The control unit 398 takes control data 399 as input and outputs a control signal 397.

[0207] The antenna unit 801 receives the signal transmitted by AP 703 and obtains a received signal 802. Then, the processing unit 803 takes the received signal 802 and the control signal 397 as input and performs processing such as demodulation and decoding of error correction codes to obtain received data 804. At this time, the received data 804 will contain location information. The location information may also be interpreted as the location information of the terminal itself, the location information of the user using the terminal, the location information of the vicinity of the AP, the location information of the vicinity of the terminal itself, and the location information of the vicinity of the user using the terminal.

[0208] Furthermore, the processing unit 803 receives data 821 and control signal 397 as input, performs error correction coding, modulation, multiplexing, frequency conversion, and other processing on the data, and generates and outputs a transmission signal 822. The transmission signal 822 is then output as radio waves from the antenna unit 801.

[0209] The position estimation-related processing unit 343 is the part that communicates with the base station and performs processing for position estimation.

[0210] The position estimation-related processing unit 343 receives position estimation-related signals 345 and control signals 397 as input and generates and outputs a transmission signal 346 for position estimation based on the position estimation-related signals 345 and control signals 397. The transmission signal 346 for position estimation is output from the position estimation antenna unit 341, for example, as radio waves. For example, a base station may receive this signal and perform position estimation.

[0211] Furthermore, the position estimation-related processing unit 343 receives the received signal 342 and control signal 397 for position estimation received by the position estimation antenna unit 341 as input, performs position estimation and / or position estimation-related processing, and outputs a signal 344 for position estimation. Note that the signal 344 for position estimation may contain position estimation information. For example, the received signal 342 for position estimation is the signal received when a signal transmitted by a base station is received. In this case, the position estimation information is the position estimation information of the terminal and / or the user.

[0212] The communication processing unit 323 receives communication data 325, received data 804 including location information, a signal 344 for location estimation, and a control signal 397 as input. Based on the communication data 325, received data 804 including location information, the signal 344 for location estimation, and the control signal 397, it performs processing such as error correction coding, modulation, multiplexing, and frequency conversion to generate and output a communication-related transmission signal 326. The communication-related transmission signal 326 is then output from the communication antenna unit 321, for example, as radio waves.

[0213] Furthermore, the communication processing unit 323 takes the communication-related received signals 322 and control signals 397 received by the communication antenna unit 321 as input, performs processing such as frequency conversion, demodulation, and error correction decoding based on the communication-related received signals 322 and control signals 397, and outputs the communication-related received data 324.

[0214] The communication antenna unit 321 may be configured to include one or more antennas, or two or more antennas. Therefore, when transmitting with the communication antenna unit 321, one or more or two or more signals may be transmitted. Similarly, when receiving with the communication antenna unit 321, one or more or two or more signals may be received.

[0215] The position estimation antenna unit 341 may be configured to include one or more antennas, or two or more antennas. Therefore, when transmitting with the position estimation antenna unit 341, one or more or two or more signals may be transmitted. Similarly, when receiving with the position estimation antenna unit 341, one or more or two or more signals may be received.

[0216] The antenna unit 801 may be configured to include one or more antennas, or two or more antennas. Therefore, when receiving signals with the antenna unit 801, one or more signals, or two or more signals, may be received.

[0217] Figure 8B shows a different example of the configuration of terminal 102 in Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, and 7H compared to Figure 8A. Terminal 102 has the function of performing location estimation by communicating with AP703 (a function to obtain location information), a function to communicate with the base station, and a function to perform processing for location estimation by interacting with the base station. In Figure 8B, the same numbers are used for components that operate in the same way as in Figure 3A, and some explanations are omitted.

[0218] The control unit 398 takes control data 399 as input and outputs a control signal 397.

[0219] The antenna unit 801 receives the signal transmitted by AP 703 and obtains a received signal 802. Then, the processing unit 803 takes the received signal 802 and the control signal 397 as input and performs processing such as demodulation and decoding of error correction codes to obtain received data 804. At this time, the received data 804 will contain location information. The location information may also be interpreted as the location information of the terminal itself, the location information of the user using the terminal, the location information of the vicinity of the AP, the location information of the vicinity of the terminal itself, and the location information of the vicinity of the user using the terminal.

[0220] Furthermore, the processing unit 803 receives data 821 and control signal 397 as input, performs error correction coding, modulation, multiplexing, frequency conversion, and other processing on the data, and generates and outputs a transmission signal 822. The transmission signal 822 is then output as radio waves from the antenna unit 801.

[0221] The communication and position estimation processing unit 383 is responsible for "processing that communicates with the base station and performs position estimation" and "processing that communicates with the base station."

[0222] The communication and position estimation processing unit 383 receives the control signal 397 as input, and if the control signal 397 indicates "perform position estimation operation", the communication and position estimation processing unit 383 will perform position estimation processing.

[0223] For example, if the control signal 397 indicates "perform position estimation operation," the communication and position estimation processing unit 383 takes the input signal 385 and the control signal 397 as input and generates and outputs a transmission signal 386 (for position estimation) based on the input signal 385 and the control signal 397. The transmission signal 386 (for position estimation) is output from the communication and position estimation antenna unit 381, for example, as radio waves. For example, a base station may receive this signal and perform position estimation.

[0224] Furthermore, if the control signal 397 indicates "perform position estimation operation," the communication and position estimation processing unit 383 takes the received signal 382 (for position estimation) and the control signal 397 received by the communication and position estimation antenna unit 381 as input, performs position estimation and / or position estimation-related processing, and outputs a signal 384 (for position estimation). Note that the signal 384 (for position estimation) may contain position estimation information. For example, the received signal 382 (for position estimation) is the signal received when a signal transmitted by the base station is received. In this case, the position estimation information is the position estimation information of the terminal and / or the user.

[0225] For example, if the control signal 397 indicates "perform communication operation," the communication and position estimation processing unit 383 takes the input signal 385, the received data 804 including position information, and the control signal 397 as input, and performs processing such as error correction coding, modulation, multiplexing, and frequency conversion based on the input signal 385, the received data 804 including position information, signal 384, and the control signal 397 to generate and output a (communication-related) transmission signal 386.

[0226] Then, the (communication-related) transmission signal 386 is output from the communication and position estimation antenna unit 381, for example, as radio waves.

[0227] Furthermore, if the control signal 397 indicates "to perform communication operations," the communication and position estimation processing unit 383 takes the (communication-related) received signal 382 and the control signal 397 received by the communication and position estimation antenna unit 381 as input, performs processing such as frequency conversion, demodulation, and error correction decoding based on the (communication-related) received signal 382 and the control signal 397, and outputs the (communication-related) signal 384.

[0228] The communication and position estimation antenna unit 381 may be configured to include one or more antennas, or two or more antennas. Therefore, when transmitting using the communication and position estimation antenna unit 381, one or more signals, or two or more signals, may be transmitted. Similarly, when receiving using the communication and position estimation antenna unit 381, one or more signals, or two or more signals, may be received.

[0229] The antenna unit 801 may be configured to include one or more antennas, or two or more antennas. Therefore, when receiving signals with the antenna unit 801, one or more signals, or two or more signals, may be received.

[0230] Figure 9A shows examples of communication between the base station and the terminal in Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, and 7H. The following section will explain the general overview of communication between the base station and the terminal.

[0231] Terminal 102 receives the signal transmitted by AP703 and obtains location information (901). Terminal 102 transmits this location information to the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" (902), and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" obtains the location information (921). In addition to location estimation information, the terminal may also transmit time information to the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station".

[0232] Then, terminal 102 transmits a request for confirmation (hereinafter referred to as location confirmation) to the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" (403) to determine whether the location information obtained using AP703 is correct, and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" receives this location confirmation request information (422). However, although it is called location confirmation here, other names may be used. Any name is acceptable as long as it means information requesting the base station to determine whether the information regarding the terminal's location is correct or not.

[0233] In Figure 9A, the operation of the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" when it performs location approval in response to a location approval request from terminal 102 is explained.

[0234] A "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station" transmits "information indicating whether or not to perform an action for location authentication" (423). It is assumed that the "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station" has decided to perform a location authentication action in response to the location authentication information obtained from the terminal.

[0235] Then, terminal 102 and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" will perform location estimation to estimate the location of terminal 102 (499). Note that the "operation of terminal 102 and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" to estimate the location of terminal 102" has already been explained, so the explanation will be omitted here. In addition to estimating the terminal's location, the base station and terminal may also obtain time information.

[0236] As described above, the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" obtains "location information obtained through communication between terminal 102 and AP703" and "location information of terminal 102 obtained through location estimation (499) by terminal 102 and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station". The "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" compares "location information obtained through communication between terminal 102 and AP703" with "location information of terminal 102 obtained through location estimation (499) by terminal 102 and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station"" to determine whether the location information of terminal 102 is correct (approves the location information of the terminal) (424). Note that when the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" determines whether the location information of terminal 102 is correct, time information may be used. For example, time information obtained together with "location information obtained through communication between terminal 102 and AP703" may be compared with time information obtained together with "location information of terminal 102 obtained by location estimation (499) by terminal 102 and "communication base station and / or location estimation base station".

[0237] Then, the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" transmits to terminal 102 information indicating whether or not the location information of terminal 102 is correct (425). Terminal 102 then receives information indicating whether or not the location information of terminal 102 is correct (405). Note that the information indicating whether or not the location information of terminal 102 is correct may include time information.

[0238] Figure 9A shows an example of the communication between the base station and the terminal in Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, and 7H. The order of the specific information exchange between the base station and the terminal is not limited to the order shown in Figure 9A. Other processes may also exist, and Figure 9A is merely an example.

[0239] As described above, by comparing multiple pieces of information regarding the terminal's location, the base station or other device can authenticate and approve the terminal's location, thereby proving the accuracy of the terminal's location information.

[0240] In the above explanation, it was stated that "terminal 102 and the 'communication base station and / or location estimation base station' will perform location estimation to estimate the location of terminal 102 (499)." Broadly speaking, there are two methods for estimating the location of terminal 102 by terminal 102 and the 'communication base station and / or location estimation base station': a method in which terminal 102 estimates its own location, and a method in which the base station estimates its own location. This point has already been explained, so the explanation will be omitted here.

[0241] Furthermore, the device that estimates the (terminal's) location may be a "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station," or it may be another device that communicates with the "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station." The base station may have an authorization unit that authenticates and approves the terminal's location, or it may be another device. These points have already been explained, so we will omit further explanation here.

[0242] As described above, by comparing multiple pieces of information regarding the terminal's location and having a base station or other device authenticate and approve the terminal's location, it is possible to construct a system that can prove the accuracy of the terminal's location information.

[0243] Furthermore, since the "user or organization that owns the base station system," which is different from the user using the terminal, will certify the terminal's location and issue a certificate regarding the terminal's location, this certificate will be highly reliable and difficult to tamper with.

[0244] Let's now discuss an example different from the one described above. Figure 10A shows an example of the configuration of a system in this embodiment, for example, consisting of a base station and a terminal.

[0245] Terminal 102 communicates with base station #1 of 101_1. Terminal 102 also communicates with base station #1 of 101_1 to estimate its own location. The operation of location estimation through communication between the base station and the terminal has already been explained, so further explanation will be omitted.

[0246] In Figure 10A, the term "base station" is used, but a base station may also refer to a TRP, repeater, or the like. However, in this specification, it will be referred to as a base station for the purposes of this explanation. Furthermore, it will be referred to as a base station from here on out.

[0247] Figure 10B shows a different example of the system configuration in this embodiment, for example, a system consisting of a base station and a terminal, compared to Figure 10A. In Figure 10B, components that operate similarly to those in Figure 10A are given the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted.

[0248] Figure 10C shows a different example from Figures 10A and 10B of the system configuration in this embodiment, for example, consisting of a base station and a terminal. In Figure 10C, components that operate similarly to those in Figures 10A and 10B are given the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted.

[0249] Terminal 102 communicates with base station #1 of 101_1 and base station #2 of 101_2. Terminal 102 also communicates with base station #2 of 101_2 to estimate its own location. The operation of location estimation has already been explained, so further explanation will be omitted.

[0250] Figure 10D shows an example of a system configuration in this embodiment that differs from Figures 10A, 10B, and 10C, which consist of, for example, a base station and a terminal. In Figure 10D, components that operate similarly to those in Figures 10A, 10B, and 10C are given the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted.

[0251] Terminal 102 communicates with base station #1 of 101_1. Terminal 102 also communicates with base station #1 of 101_1 and base station #2 of 101_2 to estimate its own location. The operation of location estimation has already been explained, so further explanation will be omitted.

[0252] Figure 10E shows an example of a system configuration in this embodiment that differs from Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D, which consist of, for example, a base station and a terminal. In Figure 10E, components that operate similarly to those in Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D are given the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted.

[0253] Terminal 102 communicates with base station #1 of 101_1 and base station #2 of 101_2. Terminal 102 also communicates with base station #1 of 101_1 and base station #2 of 101_2 to estimate its own location. The operation of location estimation has already been explained, so further explanation will be omitted.

[0254] Figure 10F shows an example of a system configuration in this embodiment that differs from Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, and 10E, which consist of, for example, a base station and a terminal. In Figure 10F, components that operate similarly to those in Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, and 10E are given the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted.

[0255] Terminal 102 communicates with base station #1 of 101_1. Terminal 102 also communicates with base station #2 of 101_2 and base station #3 of 101_3 to estimate its own location. The operation of location estimation has already been explained, so further explanation will be omitted.

[0256] Figure 10G shows an example of a system configuration in this embodiment that differs from Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, and 10F, which consist of, for example, a base station and a terminal. In Figure 10G, components that operate similarly to those in Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, and 10F are given the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted.

[0257] Terminal 102 communicates with base station #1 of 101_1 and base station #2 of 101_2. Terminal 102 also communicates with base station #2 of 101_2 and base station #3 of 101_3 to estimate its own location. The operation of location estimation has already been explained, so further explanation will be omitted.

[0258] Figure 10H shows an example of a system configuration in this embodiment that differs from Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, and 10G, which consist of, for example, a base station and a terminal. In Figure 10H, components that operate similarly to those in Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, and 10G are given the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted.

[0259] Terminal 102 communicates with base station #1 of 101_1 and base station #2 of 101_2. Terminal 102 also communicates with base station #3 of 101_3 and base station #4 of 101_4 to estimate its own location. The operation of location estimation has already been explained, so further explanation will be omitted.

[0260] In addition, in the systems shown in Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H, if there are multiple base stations, communication may occur between the multiple base stations. In this case, communication may be conducted via other devices.

[0261] Furthermore, in the systems shown in Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H, the base station may communicate with other devices.

[0262] Furthermore, in the systems shown in Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H, the terminal may communicate with other devices.

[0263] In the systems shown in Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H, the same implementation is possible even if the number of base stations performing terminal location estimation is one or more, or two or more.

[0264] Therefore, the configuration of a system consisting of base stations and terminals is not limited to the examples shown in "Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H".

[0265] Figure 2A shows example base station configurations for base station #1 of 101_1 in Figure 10A, base station #2 of 101_2 in Figure 10C, base station #1 of 101_1 in Figure 10D, base station #1 of 101_1 and base station #2 of 101_2 in Figure 10E, and base station #2 of 101_2 in Figure 10G. These base stations have communication-related processing functions and processing functions for location estimation. The detailed operation of Figure 2A has already been explained, so the explanation is omitted here.

[0266] Figure 2B shows a different example of the base station configuration in Figure 10A (Base Station #1 of 101_1), Figure 10C (Base Station #2 of 101_2), Figure 10D (Base Station #1 of 101_1), Figure 10E ("Base Station #1 of 101_1, Base Station #2 of 101_2"), and Figure 10G (Base Station #2 of 101_2), compared to Figure 2A. Note that the detailed operation of Figure 2B has already been explained, so a detailed explanation is omitted here.

[0267] Figure 2C shows example base station configurations for base station #1 of 101_1 in Figure 10B, base station #1 of 101_1 in Figure 10C, base station #1 of 101_1 in Figure 10F, base station #1 of 101_1 in Figure 10G, and base station #1 of 101 and base station #2 of 101_2 in Figure 10H. These base stations have communication-related processing functions. The detailed operation of Figure 2C has already been explained, so the explanation is omitted here.

[0268] Figure 2D shows example base station configurations for base station #2 of 101_2 in Figure 10B, base station #2 of 101_2 in Figure 10D, "base station #2 of 101_2 and base station #3 of 101_3" in Figure 10F, base station #3 of 101_3 in Figure 10G, and "base station #3 of 101_3 and base station #4 of 101_4" in Figure 10H. These base stations have processing functions for location estimation. Note that the detailed operation of Figure 2D has already been explained, so the explanation is omitted here.

[0269] Figure 11A shows an example of the configuration of terminal 102 in Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H. Terminal 102 has the function of communicating with the base station and the function of performing processing for position estimation by interacting with the base station. In Figure 11A, components that operate in the same way as in Figure 3A are given the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted.

[0270] The control unit 398 takes control data 399 as input and outputs a control signal 397.

[0271] The position estimation-related processing unit 343 is the part that communicates with the base station and performs processing for position estimation.

[0272] The position estimation-related processing unit 343 receives position estimation-related signals 345 and control signals 397 as input and generates and outputs a transmission signal 346 for position estimation based on the position estimation-related signals 345 and control signals 397. The transmission signal 346 for position estimation is output from the position estimation antenna unit 341, for example, as radio waves. For example, a base station may receive this signal and perform position estimation.

[0273] Furthermore, the position estimation-related processing unit 343 receives the received signal 342 and control signal 397 for position estimation received by the position estimation antenna unit 341 as input, performs position estimation and / or position estimation-related processing, and outputs a signal 344 for position estimation. Note that the signal 344 for position estimation may contain position estimation information. For example, the received signal 342 for position estimation is the signal received when a signal transmitted by a base station is received. In this case, the position estimation information is the position estimation information of the terminal and / or the user.

[0274] The communication processing unit 323 receives communication data 325, a signal for position estimation 344, and a control signal 397 as input. Based on the communication data 325, the signal for position estimation 344, and the control signal 397, it performs processing such as error correction coding, modulation, multiplexing, and frequency conversion to generate and output a communication-related transmission signal 326. The communication-related transmission signal 326 is then output from the communication antenna unit 321, for example, as radio waves.

[0275] Furthermore, the communication processing unit 323 takes the communication-related received signals 322 and control signals 397 received by the communication antenna unit 321 as input, performs processing such as frequency conversion, demodulation, and error correction decoding based on the communication-related received signals 322 and control signals 397, and outputs the communication-related received data 324.

[0276] Further details about the operation of terminal 102 will be explained later.

[0277] The communication antenna unit 321 may be configured to include one or more antennas, or two or more antennas. Therefore, when transmitting with the communication antenna unit 321, one or more or two or more signals may be transmitted. Similarly, when receiving with the communication antenna unit 321, one or more or two or more signals may be received.

[0278] The position estimation antenna unit 341 may be configured to include one or more antennas, or two or more antennas. Therefore, when transmitting with the position estimation antenna unit 341, one or more or two or more signals may be transmitted. Similarly, when receiving with the position estimation antenna unit 341, one or more or two or more signals may be received.

[0279] Figure 11B shows a different example of the configuration of terminal 102 in Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H compared to Figure 11A. Terminal 102 has the function of communicating with the base station and the function of interacting with the base station and performing processing for position estimation. In Figure 11B, components that operate in the same way as in Figure 3A are given the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted.

[0280] The control unit 398 takes control data 399 as input and outputs a control signal 397.

[0281] The communication and position estimation processing unit 383 is responsible for "processing that communicates with the base station and performs position estimation" and "processing that communicates with the base station."

[0282] The communication and position estimation processing unit 383 receives the control signal 397 as input, and if the control signal 397 indicates "perform position estimation operation", the communication and position estimation processing unit 383 will perform position estimation processing.

[0283] For example, if the control signal 397 indicates "perform position estimation operation," the communication and position estimation processing unit 383 takes the input signal 385 and the control signal 397 as input and generates and outputs a transmission signal 386 (for position estimation) based on the input signal 385 and the control signal 397. The transmission signal 386 (for position estimation) is output from the communication and position estimation antenna unit 381, for example, as radio waves. For example, a base station may receive this signal and perform position estimation.

[0284] Furthermore, if the control signal 397 indicates "perform position estimation operation," the communication and position estimation processing unit 383 takes the received signal 382 (for position estimation) and the control signal 397 received by the communication and position estimation antenna unit 381 as input, performs position estimation and / or position estimation-related processing, and outputs a signal 384 (for position estimation). Note that the signal 384 (for position estimation) may contain position estimation information. For example, the received signal 382 (for position estimation) is the signal received when a signal transmitted by the base station is received. In this case, the position estimation information is the position estimation information of the terminal and / or the user.

[0285] For example, if the control signal 397 indicates "perform communication operation," the communication and position estimation processing unit 383 takes the input signal 385 and the control signal 397 as input, and based on the input signal 385, signal 384, and control signal 397, performs processing such as error correction coding, modulation, multiplexing, and frequency conversion to generate and output a (communication-related) transmission signal 386.

[0286] Then, the (communication-related) transmission signal 386 is output from the communication and position estimation antenna unit 381, for example, as radio waves.

[0287] Furthermore, if the control signal 397 indicates "to perform communication operations," the communication and position estimation processing unit 383 takes the (communication-related) received signal 382 and the control signal 397 received by the communication and position estimation antenna unit 381 as input, performs processing such as frequency conversion, demodulation, and error correction decoding based on the (communication-related) received signal 382 and the control signal 397, and outputs the (communication-related) signal 384.

[0288] Further details about the operation of terminal 102 will be explained later.

[0289] The communication and position estimation antenna unit 381 may be configured to include one or more antennas, or two or more antennas. Therefore, when transmitting using the communication and position estimation antenna unit 381, one or more signals, or two or more signals, may be transmitted. Similarly, when receiving using the communication and position estimation antenna unit 381, one or more signals, or two or more signals, may be received.

[0290] Figure 12A shows examples of communication between the base station and the terminal in Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H. The following section will explain the general overview of communication between the base station and the terminal.

[0291] Terminal 102 transmits a request to the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" that it wants to obtain location information (1201). The "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" then receives this request information (1221).

[0292] Then, terminal 102 and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" perform location estimation to estimate the location of terminal 102 (1299). Note that location information and location estimation relate to the location of the terminal and the location of the user using the terminal. Furthermore, the operation of "location estimation by terminal 102 and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" to estimate the location of terminal 102" has already been explained, so the explanation is omitted here. In addition to estimating the terminal's location, the base station and terminal may also obtain time information. As a result, terminal 102 and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" will have obtained the location information of terminal 102.

[0293] Terminal 102 transmits a request for confirmation (hereinafter referred to as location confirmation) to the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" regarding whether the location information obtained through the exchange between terminal 102 and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" is correct (1202), and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" receives this location confirmation request information (1222). However, although it is called location confirmation here, other names may be used. Any name is acceptable as long as it means information requesting the base station to determine whether the information regarding the terminal's location is correct or not.

[0294] Figure 12A describes the operation of the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" when it performs location approval in response to a location approval request from terminal 102.

[0295] A "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station" transmits "information indicating whether or not to perform an action for location verification" (1223). It is assumed that the "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station" has determined to perform an action for location verification.

[0296] The "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" obtains "location information of terminal 102 obtained by location estimation (1299) by terminal 102 and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station". The "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" determines whether the "location information of terminal 102 obtained by location estimation (1299) by terminal 102 and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" is correct information (it approves the terminal's location information) (1224).

[0297] Furthermore, when the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" determines whether the location information of terminal 102 is correct, time information may be used. For example, the time information obtained together with the "location information of terminal 102 obtained by location estimation (1299) by terminal 102 and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" may be compared with the time information at the time of location information approval.

[0298] Then, the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" transmits to terminal 102 information indicating whether or not the location information of terminal 102 is correct (1225). Terminal 102 then receives information indicating whether or not the location information of terminal 102 is correct (1204). Note that the information indicating whether or not the location information of terminal 102 is correct may include time information.

[0299] Figure 12A is an example of the communication between the base station and the terminal in Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H. The order of the specific information exchange between the base station and the terminal is not limited to the order shown in Figure 12A. Other processes may also exist, and Figure 10A is merely an example.

[0300] In the above explanation, it was stated that "terminal 102 and the 'communication base station and / or location estimation base station' will perform location estimation to estimate the location of terminal 102 (1299)." Broadly speaking, there are two methods for estimating the location of terminal 102 by terminal 102 and the 'communication base station and / or location estimation base station': a method in which terminal 102 estimates its own location, and a method in which the base station estimates its own location. This point has already been explained, so the explanation will be omitted here.

[0301] Furthermore, the device that estimates the (terminal's) location may be a "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station," or it may be another device that communicates with the "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station." The base station may have an authorization unit that authenticates and approves the terminal's location, or it may be another device. These points have already been explained, so we will omit further explanation here.

[0302] As described above, by having a base station or other device authenticate and approve the location information of a terminal, it is possible to construct a system that can prove the accuracy of the terminal's location information.

[0303] Furthermore, since the "user or organization that owns the base station system," which is different from the user using the terminal, will certify the terminal's location and issue a certificate regarding the terminal's location, this certificate will be highly reliable and difficult to tamper with.

[0304] For example, "Location estimation by base station and terminal 499" in Figures 4A and 9A, and "Location estimation by base station and terminal 1299" in Figure 12A are processes for estimating the location of the terminal and / or the location of the user. However, as variations of terminal location estimation, the following may be performed: "processing to detect the presence or absence of 'terminal, user' and / or an object", "processing to predict the material of 'terminal, user' and / or an object", "processing to detect the movement of 'terminal, user' and / or an object", "processing to estimate the conditions around a sensing device", "processing to estimate the distance between a sensing device and an object", and "processing to detect the outline of an object". In the process of detecting the location of an object, it may be possible to simultaneously detect the object and its movement. Also, in the process of detecting the presence or absence of an object, or the process of detecting the outline of an object, it is possible to identify the target object. Furthermore, the estimation described in this embodiment is merely an example and is not limited to the description in this embodiment.

[0305] In "Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H", "Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H", and "Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, 10H", a base station is present, but the base station may be operated as a TRP. In this case, in "Figures 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H", "Figures 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H", and "Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, 10H", there will be multiple TRPs, but "multiple TRPs in the figures" may be composed of one or more TRPs, or "multiple TRPs in the figures" may be composed of one or more base stations.

[0306] In "Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H", "Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H", and "Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, 10H", terminal 102 supports one or more of the following: "Location authentication and approval according to Figure 4A", "Location authentication and approval according to Figure 9", and "Location authentication and approval according to Figure 12A". Depending on the base station status, terminal 102 may select and implement one of the following: "Location authentication and approval according to Figure 4A", "Location authentication and approval according to Figure 9", or "Location authentication and approval according to Figure 12A".

[0307] In this embodiment, a base station was used for the explanation, but the same implementation is possible even if the base station is implemented as any of the following: "TRP (Tx (Transmission) / Rx (Reception) point) (TX (Transmitter) / RX (Receiver) point), repeater, terminal, access point, broadcasting station, eNB (e Node B), gNB (g Node B) node, server, satellite, UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle), AGV (automated guided vehicle), etc." Therefore, the base station in this embodiment may also be called "base station, TRP, repeater, terminal, access point, broadcasting station, eNB, gNB, node, server, satellite, drone, UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle), AGV (automated guided vehicle), etc." However, it is not limited to these.

[0308] Furthermore, although this embodiment was described using a terminal, the same implementation is possible even if the terminal is defined as any of the following: "mobile devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, laptops, personal computers, home appliances (household electrical appliances), factory equipment, IoT (Internet of Things) devices, etc., mobile devices such as cars (e.g., electric vehicles), bicycles (e.g., electric bicycles, electric-assist bicycles), motorcycles, ships, satellites, aircraft, drones, robots, etc.", UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles), or AGVs (automated guided vehicles). Therefore, the terminal in this embodiment may also be called "mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, laptops, personal computers, home appliances (household electrical appliances), factory equipment, IoT devices, etc., mobile devices such as those mentioned above," UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles), or AGVs (automated guided vehicles). However, it is not limited to these.

[0309] In this embodiment, the location estimation of a terminal by communication between a base station and a terminal is described, but the location estimation of a terminal by wireless communication between a base station and a terminal using radio waves may also be used, or by wireless communication between a base station and a terminal using light. In this case, the base station, terminal, and other devices will be equipped with a light-emitting unit and a light-receiving unit instead of an antenna.

[0310] Furthermore, communication base stations may be base stations mounted on moving devices such as drones (UAVs) or unmanned aerial vehicles. Similarly, position estimation base stations may be base stations mounted on moving devices such as drones or unmanned aerial vehicles.

[0311] When communication base stations and position estimation base stations are mounted on mobile devices such as drones, unmanned aerial vehicles, UAVs, and AGVs, the location information of the base stations needs to be updated continuously.

[0312] In this embodiment, if there are multiple base stations, and each base station is considered a TRP, then the system can be considered a multiple-TRP system. Alternatively, multiple base stations or multiple TRPs may constitute a single device.

[0313] (Embodiment 2) In Embodiment 1, a system was described in which a base station or other device authenticates and approves the location of a terminal to prove the accuracy of the terminal's location information. In this embodiment, a modified version of the system, and an example of its operation, will be described.

[0314] An example configuration of the "system that proves the accuracy of terminal location information by having a base station or other device authenticate and approve the terminal's location" is shown in Embodiment 1, as in Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H.

[0315] In this case, the terminal 102 may have at least the following types.

[0316] Terminal Type 1: A terminal that does not support requesting "terminal location authentication and approval" from devices such as base stations.

[0317] Terminal Type 2: A terminal that supports the submission of requests for "authentication and approval of the terminal's location" to devices such as base stations, and is capable of "location estimation through communication between the base station and the terminal," as well as location estimation using other systems such as GNSS.

[0318] Terminal Type 3: A terminal that supports the submission of requests for "authentication and approval of the terminal's location" to devices such as base stations, and is also capable of "location estimation through communication between the base station and the terminal."

[0319] Terminal Type 4: A terminal that supports the submission of requests for "authentication and approval of the terminal's location" to devices such as base stations, and is also capable of location estimation using other systems such as "GNSS, AP".

[0320] When a base station, and / or other devices such as an LMF, know the terminal type, it becomes possible to smoothly control procedures such as location authentication and authorization. Therefore, terminals such as terminal 102 should transmit terminal capability information 1301 related to positioning to the base station, as shown in Figure 13A. Below, an example of the configuration of terminal capability information 1301 related to positioning will be explained using Figure 13A.

[0321] Figure 13A shows an example of the configuration of terminal capability information 1301 related to positioning transmitted by a terminal such as terminal 102. For example, terminal capability information 1301 related to positioning includes one or more of the following: "information 1311 on whether positioning is possible through communication between the base station and the terminal", "information 1312 on whether positioning is possible by other systems", "information 1313 on whether it is possible to request position authentication (approval)", "information 1314 on whether it is possible to request position authentication (approval) using position information obtained through positioning by communication between the base station and the terminal and position information obtained through positioning by other systems", "information 1315 on whether it is possible to request position authentication (approval) using position information obtained through positioning by communication between the base station and the terminal", and "information 1316 on whether it is possible to request position authentication (approval) using position information obtained through positioning by other systems".

[0322] "Information 1311 regarding whether or not location estimation is possible through communication between the base station and the terminal" includes information regarding whether or not the terminal is capable of performing location estimation through communication between the base station and the terminal, as explained in Embodiment 1 using Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H.

[0323] The base station and / or other devices, such as an LMF, shall obtain "information 1311 regarding whether or not location estimation is possible through communication between the base station and the terminal" transmitted by the terminal.

[0324] Furthermore, if the "information 1311 regarding whether or not location estimation is possible through communication between the base station and the terminal" includes the information that "location estimation is possible through communication between the base station and the terminal," the base station and the terminal may perform location estimation of the terminal through communication between the base station and the terminal as described in Embodiment 1.

[0325] If the "information 1311 regarding whether or not location estimation is possible through communication between the base station and the terminal" includes information indicating that "location estimation is not possible through communication between the base station and the terminal," the base station and the terminal will not perform location estimation through communication between the base station and the terminal as described in Embodiment 1. Therefore, the terminal will not request "authentication and approval of the terminal's location" from the base station and / or other devices, such as the LMF. (Note that the terminal may request "authentication and approval of the terminal's location" from the base station and / or other devices, such as the LMF. An example of this will be explained later.)

[0326] "Information 1312 regarding whether or not position estimation is possible by other systems" includes information regarding whether or not the terminal is capable of performing position estimation using a GNSS device and an access point, as explained in Embodiment 1 using Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, and 7H.

[0327] The base station, and / or other devices such as an LMF, shall obtain the "information 1312 regarding whether or not location estimation by other systems is possible" transmitted by the terminal.

[0328] Furthermore, if the "information 1312 regarding whether or not position estimation is possible by other systems" includes the information that "position estimation is possible by other systems," the terminal may perform position estimation using, for example, a GNSS device or an access point, as described in Embodiment 1.

[0329] If the "information regarding whether or not position estimation is possible by other systems 1312" includes the information that "position estimation is not possible by other systems," the terminal will not perform position estimation using, for example, a GNSS device or an access point, as described in Embodiment 1.

[0330] "Information 1313 regarding whether or not it is possible to request location authentication (approval)" includes information regarding whether or not a terminal is capable of requesting location authentication (approval) from a base station and / or other devices, as explained in Embodiment 1 using Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H, by performing terminal location estimation through communication between the base station and the terminal.

[0331] The base station and / or other devices, such as an LMF, shall obtain "information 1313 regarding whether or not it is possible to make a location authentication (approval) request" transmitted by the terminal.

[0332] Furthermore, if the "information 1313 regarding whether or not it is possible to request location authentication (approval)" includes the information that "it is possible to request location authentication (approval) from the base station and / or other devices by performing location estimation of the terminal through communication between the base station and the terminal," the base station and the terminal may perform location estimation of the terminal through communication between the base station and the terminal as described in Embodiment 1, and the terminal may request location authentication (approval) from the base station and / or other devices.

[0333] If the "information regarding whether or not it is possible to request location authentication (approval)" includes the information that "the terminal's location cannot be estimated by communication between the base station and the terminal, and therefore the terminal cannot request location authentication (approval) from the base station and / or other devices," then the base station and the terminal perform location estimation by communication between the base station and the terminal as described in Embodiment 1, and the terminal does not request location authentication (approval) from the base station and / or other devices.

[0334] "Information 1314 regarding whether or not it is possible to make a location authentication (approval) request using location information obtained through location estimation by base station and terminal communication and location information obtained through location estimation by other systems" includes information regarding whether or not a terminal is capable of making a location authentication (approval) request using location information obtained through location estimation by base station and terminal communication and location information obtained through location estimation by other systems, as explained in Embodiment 1 using Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, and 7H.

[0335] The base station and / or other devices, such as an LMF, shall obtain "information 1314 regarding whether or not it is possible to make a location authentication (approval) request using location information obtained through location estimation by communication between the base station and the terminal and location information obtained through location estimation by other systems" transmitted by the terminal.

[0336] Furthermore, if the "information 1314 regarding whether or not it is possible to make a location authentication (approval) request using location information obtained through location estimation by communication between the base station and the terminal and location information obtained through location estimation by other systems" includes the information that "it is possible to make a location authentication (approval) request to the base station and / or other devices using location information obtained through location estimation by communication between the base station and the terminal and location information obtained through location estimation by other systems," then, as described in Embodiment 1, the terminal may use other systems to estimate its own location, the base station and the terminal may estimate the terminal's location through communication between the base station and the terminal, and the terminal may make a location authentication (approval) request to the base station and / or other devices.

[0337] If the information 1314, which states whether or not it is possible to make a location authentication (approval) request using location information obtained through location estimation via communication between the base station and the terminal and location information obtained through location estimation by other systems, includes the information that "it is not possible to make a location authentication (approval) request to the base station and / or other devices using location information obtained through location estimation via communication between the base station and the terminal and location information obtained through location estimation by other systems," then the terminal will not make a location authentication (approval) request to the base station and / or other devices based on multiple location estimation pieces of information.

[0338] "Information 1315 regarding whether or not it is possible to make a location authentication (approval) request using location information obtained through location estimation via communication between the base station and the terminal" includes information regarding whether or not the terminal is capable of making a location authentication (approval) request to the base station and / or other devices by performing location estimation of the terminal through communication between the base station and the terminal, as explained in Embodiment 1 using Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H.

[0339] The base station and / or other devices, such as an LMF, shall obtain "information 1315 regarding whether or not it is possible to make a location authentication (approval) request using location information obtained through location estimation via communication between the base station and the terminal" transmitted by the terminal.

[0340] Furthermore, if the "information 1315 regarding whether or not it is possible to request location authentication (approval) using location information obtained through location estimation via communication between the base station and the terminal" includes the information that "it is possible to request location authentication (approval) from the base station and / or other devices by performing location estimation of the terminal through communication between the base station and the terminal," then the base station and the terminal may perform location estimation of the terminal through communication between the base station and the terminal as described in Embodiment 1 using Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H, and the terminal may request location authentication (approval) from the base station and / or other devices.

[0341] If the information 1315, which indicates whether or not it is possible to request location authentication (approval) using location information obtained through location estimation via communication between the base station and the terminal, includes the information that "by performing location estimation of the terminal through communication between the base station and the terminal, it is not possible to request location authentication (approval) from the base station and / or other devices," then the base station and the terminal perform location estimation of the terminal through communication between the base station and the terminal as described in Embodiment 1 using Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H, and the terminal does not request location authentication (approval) from the base station and / or other devices.

[0342] "Information 1316 regarding whether or not it is possible to make a location authentication (approval) request using location information obtained by location estimation by another system" includes information regarding whether or not a terminal is capable of making a location authentication (approval) request using location information obtained by location estimation by another system in systems such as those shown in Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, and 7H.

[0343] The base station and / or other devices, such as an LMF, shall obtain "information 1316 regarding whether or not it is possible to make a location authentication (approval) request using location information obtained by location estimation by another system" transmitted by the terminal.

[0344] Furthermore, if the "information 1316 regarding whether or not it is possible to request location authentication (approval) using location information obtained by location estimation by another system" includes the information that "it is possible to request location authentication (approval) using location information obtained by location estimation by another system to the base station and / or other device", then the terminal may use another system to estimate its own location, and the terminal may request location authentication (approval) from the base station and / or other device.

[0345] If the information 1316 regarding whether or not it is possible to request location authentication (approval) using location information obtained by location estimation by another system includes the information that "it is not possible to request location authentication (approval) using location information obtained by location estimation by another system from the base station and / or other devices," the terminal will not request location authentication (approval) from the base station and / or other devices.

[0346] An example of "location authentication (authorization) using location information obtained through location estimation by other systems" will be explained later.

[0347] When a terminal learns the capabilities of the base station as shown in "Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, 10H", it becomes possible to smoothly control procedures such as location authentication and approval. Therefore, the base station should transmit base station capability information 1302, as shown in Figure 13B, to the terminal. Below, an example of the configuration of base station capability information 1302 will be explained using Figure 13B.

[0348] Figure 13B shows an example of the configuration of base station capability information 1302 transmitted by a base station. For example, base station capability information 1302 will include one or more of the following: "information 1321 regarding whether or not location estimation is possible through communication between the base station and the terminal" and "information 1322 regarding whether or not location authentication (approval) is possible".

[0349] "Information 1321 regarding whether or not location estimation is possible through communication between the base station and the terminal" includes information regarding whether or not the base station is capable of performing location estimation through communication between the base station and the terminal, as explained in Embodiment 1 using Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H.

[0350] The terminal receives "information 1321 regarding whether or not location estimation is possible through communication between the base station and the terminal" transmitted by the base station.

[0351] Furthermore, if the "information regarding whether or not location estimation is possible through communication between the base station and the terminal 1321" includes the information that "location estimation is possible through communication between the base station and the terminal," the base station and the terminal may perform location estimation of the terminal through communication between the base station and the terminal as described in Embodiment 1.

[0352] If the "information regarding whether or not location estimation is possible through communication between the base station and the terminal 1321" includes the information that "location estimation is not possible through communication between the base station and the terminal," the base station and the terminal will not perform location estimation of the terminal through communication between the base station and the terminal as described in Embodiment 1.

[0353] "Information 1322 regarding whether or not location authentication (approval) is possible" includes information regarding whether or not the base station is capable of performing terminal location estimation and terminal location authentication (approval) through communication between the base station and the terminal, as explained in Embodiment 1 using Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H.

[0354] Furthermore, "Information 1322 regarding whether or not location authentication (approval) is possible" includes information regarding whether or not the base station is capable of performing location authentication (approval) when a location authentication (approval) request is received from the terminal.

[0355] The terminal shall obtain "information 1322 regarding whether or not location authentication (approval) is possible" transmitted by the base station.

[0356] Furthermore, if the "information 1322 regarding whether or not location authentication (approval) can be performed" includes the information that "it is possible to perform location estimation of the terminal by communication between the base station and the terminal, and to perform location authentication (approval) of the terminal," the base station and the terminal may perform location estimation of the terminal by communication between the base station and the terminal as described in Embodiment 1, and the base station may perform location authentication (approval) of the terminal's location.

[0357] If "Information 1322 regarding whether or not location authentication (approval) can be performed" includes information stating that "the terminal's location cannot be estimated through communication between the base station and the terminal, and location authentication (approval) of the terminal cannot be performed," the base station will not perform location authentication (approval) for the terminal's location.

[0358] Furthermore, if the "information 1322 regarding whether or not location authentication (approval) can be performed" includes the information that "when a location authentication (approval) request is made from the terminal, it is possible to perform location authentication (approval) for the terminal's location," the base station may perform location authentication (approval) for the terminal's location. An example of operation of "location authentication (approval) using location information different from that of Embodiment 1" will be explained later.

[0359] If "Information 1322 on whether or not location authentication (approval) can be performed" includes information stating that "location authentication (approval) cannot be performed when a request for location authentication (approval) is made from the terminal," the base station will not perform location authentication (approval) for the terminal's location.

[0360] The following describes examples of the operation of base stations, terminals, etc., during location authentication (approval), including "location authentication (approval) using location information different from that of Embodiment 1."

[0361] Figure 14A shows an example of the configuration of the control information 1400 that terminal 102 transmits to the base station in "Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, 10H". Furthermore, the configuration method of the system, including terminals and base stations, is not limited to "Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H".

[0362] The control information 1400 will include one or more of the following: "location estimation accuracy requirement information 1401 in location authentication (approval)" and "location estimation related information 1402".

[0363] "Location authentication (authorization) accuracy requirement information 1401" is assumed to include "location authentication (authorization) accuracy requirement information (for terminals)" which is requested from the base station.

[0364] For example, the "accuracy requirement information for (device) location estimation in location authentication (approval)" is assumed to include one of the following: "high," "medium," or "low." The detailed operation will be explained later. Also, while the "accuracy requirement information for (device) location estimation in location authentication (approval)" is given as "high," "medium," or "low" in this example, it is not limited to this example. The error value of the location estimation could also be used as the "accuracy requirement information for (device) location estimation in location authentication (approval)," or the accuracy requirement for (device) location estimation in location authentication (approval) could be made at multiple stages.

[0365] "Location estimation related information 1402" may include, for example, "location authentication (approval) request information to the base station," "location estimation by communication between the base station and the terminal" to the base station, and "location estimation method by communication between the base station and the terminal" to the base station.

[0366] Figure 14B shows an example of the configuration of control information 1410 that the base station transmits to terminal 102 in "Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, 10H". Furthermore, the configuration method of the system, including terminals and base stations, is not limited to "Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H".

[0367] The control information 1410 will include one or more of the following: "information regarding location estimation through communication between base stations and terminals 1411", "information regarding location authentication (approval) methods 1412", and "location estimation accuracy information in location authentication (approval) 1413".

[0368] "Information regarding location estimation through communication between base station and terminal 1411" is information that the base station notifies the terminal of, and includes "information on whether or not to perform location estimation through communication between base station and terminal," and "information regarding the method of location estimation through communication between base station and terminal."

[0369] "Information regarding location authentication (approval) method 1412" is information that the base station notifies the terminal of, and may include, for example, "information on whether or not to perform location authentication (approval)" and "information regarding the method of location authentication (approval)".

[0370] "Location estimation accuracy information 1413 in location authentication (authorization)" is information that the base station notifies the terminal of, for example, includes information on the terminal's location estimation accuracy in location authentication (authorization).

[0371] Figure 14C shows an example of communication between a base station and a terminal. The following section provides an overview of communication between base stations and terminals.

[0372] Terminal 102 transmits terminal capability information, including, for example, terminal capability information 1301 related to positioning as shown in Figure 13A (1461).

[0373] The "communication base station and / or position estimation base station" obtains terminal capability information, including terminal capability information 1301 related to positioning transmitted by terminal 102 (1481).

[0374] Furthermore, the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" transmits, for example, the base station capability information 1302 shown in Figure 13B (1482).

[0375] Terminal 102 obtains base station capability information 1302 transmitted by the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" (1462).

[0376] Terminal 102 transmits, for example, the control information 1400 shown in Figure 14A (1463).

[0377] The "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" receives the control information 1400 transmitted by terminal 102 (1483).

[0378] The "communication base station and / or position estimation base station" makes decisions regarding position estimation and location authentication based on the "terminal capability information including terminal capability information 1301 related to positioning" and "control information 1400" obtained from the terminal 102. For example, it will make decisions such as "whether or not to perform position estimation through communication between the base station and the terminal", "the method of position estimation if position estimation through communication between the base station and the terminal is performed", and "whether or not to perform location authentication (approval)". In the following explanation, the case in which location authentication (approval) is performed will be used as an example.

[0379] Then, the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" transmits, for example, the control information 1410 shown in Figure 14B (1485).

[0380] Terminal 102 receives control information 1410 transmitted by the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" (1464).

[0381] Subsequently, terminal 102 and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" will perform the "location estimation" and "location authentication and approval" processes (1499). A specific example of the "location estimation" and "location authentication and approval" processes is the method described in Embodiment 1. Another method for the "location estimation" and "location authentication and approval" processes will be described later.

[0382] The "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" transmits to terminal 102 information indicating whether or not the location information of terminal 102 is correct (1486). Terminal 102 then receives information indicating whether or not the location information of terminal 102 is correct (1465). The information indicating whether or not the location information of terminal 102 is correct may include time information.

[0383] The order in which the base station and terminal exchange specific information in Figure 14C is not limited to the order shown in Figure 14C. Other processes may also exist, and Figure 14C is merely an example.

[0384] As described above, by having a base station or other device authenticate and approve the terminal's location, it is possible to prove the accuracy of the terminal's location information.

[0385] In addition, as stated in the above explanation, "the terminal 102 and the 'communication base station and / or location estimation base station' may perform location estimation to estimate the location of the terminal 102" (for example, 1499).

[0386] Broadly speaking, the "method for estimating the location of terminal 102 using terminal 102 and a communication base station and / or a location estimation base station" can be divided into two categories: a method in which terminal 102 estimates its own location, and a method in which the base station estimates its own location. This point has already been explained (for example, in Embodiment 1), so the explanation will be omitted here.

[0387] Furthermore, the device for estimating the terminal's location may be a "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station," or it may be another device communicating with the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station." The base station may have an authorization unit for authenticating and approving the terminal's location, or it may be another device. These points have already been explained (for example, in Embodiment 1), so we will omit further explanation here.

[0388] Next, we will explain an example of operation for "location authentication (approval) using location information different from that of Embodiment 1".

[0389] As shown in Figure 15A, assume that base station #1 of 101_1 and terminal 102 are communicating. In this case, assume that base station #1 of 101_1 does not support "location estimation through communication between base station and terminal".

[0390] In this case, for example, as shown in Figure 14C, when terminal 102 and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" are communicating, base station #1 of 101_1 transmits information about its own location (the location of base station #1 of 101_1) to terminal 102. Then, the "location of base station #1 of 101_1" is defined as the "location of the terminal".

[0391] In this case, base station #1 of 101_1 may transmit the "location of base station #1 of 101_1" to terminal 102 as "terminal location information". Alternatively, base station #1 of 101_1 may transmit information about the "location of base station #1 of 101_1" to terminal 102, and terminal 102, upon receiving this information, may consider the "location of base station #1 of 101_1" to be its own location (terminal 102's location).

[0392] Then, as shown in Figure 14C, when the base station or other device performs "location authentication and authorization," it performs location authentication based on "the terminal's location information using the location information of base station #1 of 101_1," and notifies the terminal 102 of the result.

[0393] As described above, by having a base station or other device authenticate and approve the terminal's location, it becomes possible to prove the terminal's location information.

[0394] We will now describe another example of the operation of "location authentication (authorization) using location information different from that of Embodiment 1".

[0395] Examples of the configuration of a "system that proves the accuracy of terminal location information by having a base station or other device authenticate and approve the terminal's location" are shown in Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H.

[0396] At this time, when the location estimation base station (however, it may also be a communication base station) generates location estimation information for terminal 102, the location estimation base station (however, it may also be a communication base station) transmits information about its own location (location of the location estimation base station) to terminal 102. The "location of the location estimation base station" is then defined as the "location of the terminal".

[0397] In this case, the location of the base station for location estimation (however, it may also be a communication base station) may transmit the "location of the base station for location estimation" as "location information of the terminal" to the terminal 102. Alternatively, the location of the base station for location estimation (however, it may also be a communication base station) may transmit the information of the "location of the base station for location estimation" to the terminal 102, and the terminal 102 that receives this information may consider the "location of the base station for location estimation" to be its own location (the location of terminal 102).

[0398] Then, as shown in Figure 14C, when the base station or other device performs "location authentication and authorization," it performs location authentication based on "the terminal's location information using the location information of the base station for location estimation," and notifies the terminal 102 of the result.

[0399] As described above, by having a base station or other device authenticate and approve the terminal's location, it becomes possible to prove the terminal's location information.

[0400] The following describes some operational examples. Example 2-1: The configuration example of a "system that proves the accuracy of terminal location information by having a base station or other device authenticate and approve the terminal's location" is assumed to be Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H. Therefore, the base station (and other devices) support both location estimation and location authentication (approval).

[0401] Furthermore, terminal 102 is a terminal that supports the implementation of "terminal location authentication and approval" requests to devices such as base stations, and is also a terminal that can perform location estimation using other systems such as "GNSS, AP," in other words, it is terminal type 4.

[0402] Terminal 102 of terminal type 4 shall use the "location estimation accuracy request information 1401 in location authentication (approval)" in the control information 1400 of Figure 14A to request "low" accuracy from the base station (and other devices).

[0403] In this situation, the base station (and other devices) will not perform location estimation through communication between the base station and the terminal, but will instead operate as follows:

[0404] When a location estimation base station (which may also be a communication base station) generates location estimation information for terminal 102, the location estimation base station (which may also be a communication base station) transmits information about its own location (location of the location estimation base station) to terminal 102. The "location of the location estimation base station" is then defined as the "location of the terminal."

[0405] In this case, the location of the base station for location estimation (however, it may also be a communication base station) may transmit the "location of the base station for location estimation" as "location information of the terminal" to the terminal 102. Alternatively, the location of the base station for location estimation (however, it may also be a communication base station) may transmit the information of the "location of the base station for location estimation" to the terminal 102, and the terminal 102 that receives this information may consider the "location of the base station for location estimation" to be its own location (the location of terminal 102).

[0406] Then, as shown in Figure 14C, when the base station or other device performs "location authentication and authorization," it performs location authentication based on "the terminal's location information using the location information of the base station for location estimation" and "the terminal's location information obtained using other systems such as "GNSS, AP" obtained from terminal 102," and notifies terminal 102 of the result.

[0407] As described above, by having a base station or other device authenticate and approve the terminal's location, it becomes possible to prove the terminal's location information.

[0408] Example 2-2: The configuration example of a "system that proves the accuracy of terminal location information by having a base station or other device authenticate and approve the terminal's location" is assumed to be Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H. Therefore, the base station (and other devices) support both location estimation and location authentication (approval).

[0409] Furthermore, terminal 102 is assumed to be either terminal type 2 or terminal type 3. When terminal 102 is terminal type 2, terminal 102 is a terminal that supports the implementation of requests for "authentication and approval of terminal location" to devices such as base stations, and is also capable of "location estimation through communication between base stations and terminals," and is also capable of location estimation using other systems such as GNSS. When terminal 102 is terminal type 3, terminal 102 is a terminal that supports the implementation of requests for "authentication and approval of terminal location" to devices such as base stations, and is also capable of "location estimation through communication between base stations and terminals."

[0410] Terminal 102 of terminal type 2 or terminal type 3 shall use the "location estimation accuracy request information 1401 in location authentication (approval)" in the control information 1400 of Figure 14A to request "low" accuracy from the base station (and other devices).

[0411] In this situation, the base station (and other devices) will perform the following actions in response to the location estimation based on the communication between the base station and the terminal.

[0412] When the location estimation base station generates location estimation information for terminal 102, it transmits its own location information (location of the location estimation base station) to terminal 102. The "location of the location estimation base station" is then defined as the "location of the terminal."

[0413] In this case, the location of the location estimation base station may transmit the "location of the location estimation base station" as "location information of the terminal" to the terminal 102. Alternatively, the location of the location estimation base station may transmit the information of the "location of the location estimation base station" to the terminal 102, and the terminal 102, upon receiving this information, may consider the "location of the location estimation base station" to be its own location (the location of terminal 102).

[0414] Then, as shown in Figure 14C, when the base station or other device performs "location authentication and authorization," it performs location authentication based on "the terminal's location information using the location information of the base station for location estimation" and / or "the terminal's location information obtained using other systems such as "GNSS, AP" obtained from terminal 102," and notifies terminal 102 of the result.

[0415] As described above, by having a base station or other device authenticate and approve the terminal's location, it becomes possible to prove the terminal's location information.

[0416] Example 2-3: As shown in Figure 15A, assume that base station #1 of 101_1 and terminal 102 are communicating. In this case, assume that base station #1 of 101_1 does not support "location estimation through communication between base station and terminal".

[0417] Furthermore, terminal 102 is a terminal that supports the implementation of "terminal location authentication and approval" requests to devices such as base stations, and is also a terminal that can perform location estimation using other systems such as "GNSS, AP," in other words, it is terminal type 4.

[0418] Terminal 102 of terminal type 4 shall use the "location estimation accuracy request information 1401 in location authentication (approval)" in the control information 1400 of Figure 14A to request "low" accuracy from the base station (and other devices).

[0419] In this situation, the base station (and other devices) will not perform location estimation through communication between the base station and the terminal, but will instead operate as follows:

[0420] When base station #1 of 101_1 generates location estimation information for terminal 102, base station #1 of 101_1 transmits its own location information (location of base station #1 of 101_1) to terminal 102. Then, "location of base station #1 of 101_1" is defined as "location of terminal".

[0421] In this case, the location of base station #1 of 101_1 may be transmitted to terminal 102 as "terminal location information" for "the location of base station #1 of 101_1". Alternatively, the location of base station #1 of 101_1 may transmit the information for "the location of base station #1 of 101_1" to terminal 102, and terminal 102, upon receiving this information, may consider "the location of base station #1 of 101_1" to be its own location (terminal 102's location).

[0422] Then, as shown in Figure 14C, when the base station or other device performs "location authentication and authorization," it performs location authentication based on "the terminal's location information using the location information of base station #1 of 101_1" and "the terminal's location information obtained using other systems such as "GNSS, AP" obtained from terminal 102," and notifies terminal 102 of the result.

[0423] As described above, by having a base station or other device authenticate and approve the terminal's location, it becomes possible to prove the terminal's location information.

[0424] Example 2-4: As shown in Figure 15A, assume that base station #1 of 101_1 and terminal 102 are communicating. In this case, assume that base station #1 of 101_1 does not support "location estimation through communication between base station and terminal".

[0425] Furthermore, terminal 102 is assumed to be either terminal type 2 or terminal type 3. When terminal 102 is terminal type 2, terminal 102 is a terminal that supports the implementation of requests for "authentication and approval of terminal location" to devices such as base stations, and is also capable of "location estimation through communication between base stations and terminals," and is also capable of location estimation using other systems such as GNSS. When terminal 102 is terminal type 3, terminal 102 is a terminal that supports the implementation of requests for "authentication and approval of terminal location" to devices such as base stations, and is also capable of "location estimation through communication between base stations and terminals."

[0426] Terminal 102 of terminal type 2 or terminal type 3 shall use the "location estimation accuracy request information 1401 in location authentication (approval)" in the control information 1400 of Figure 14A to request "low" accuracy from the base station (and other devices).

[0427] In this situation, the base station (and other devices) will not perform location estimation through communication between the base station and the terminal, but will instead operate as follows:

[0428] When base station #1 of 101_1 generates location estimation information for terminal 102, base station #1 of 101_1 transmits its own location information (location of base station #1 of 101_1) to terminal 102. Then, "location of base station #1 of 101_1" is defined as "location of terminal".

[0429] In this case, the location of base station #1 of 101_1 may be transmitted to terminal 102 as "terminal location information" for "the location of base station #1 of 101_1". Alternatively, the location of base station #1 of 101_1 may transmit the information for "the location of base station #1 of 101_1" to terminal 102, and terminal 102, upon receiving this information, may consider "the location of base station #1 of 101_1" to be its own location (terminal 102's location).

[0430] Then, as shown in Figure 14C, when the base station or other device performs "location authentication and authorization," it performs location authentication based on "the terminal's location information using the location information of base station #1 of 101_1" and "the terminal's location information obtained using other systems such as "GNSS, AP" obtained from terminal 102," and notifies terminal 102 of the result.

[0431] As described above, by having a base station or other device authenticate and approve the terminal's location, it becomes possible to prove the terminal's location information.

[0432] Example 2-5: The configuration example of a "system that proves the accuracy of terminal location information by having a base station or other device authenticate and approve the terminal's location" is as shown in Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H. Therefore, the base station (and other devices) support both location estimation and location authentication (approval).

[0433] Furthermore, terminal 102 is assumed to be either terminal type 2 or terminal type 3. When terminal 102 is terminal type 2, terminal 102 is a terminal that supports the implementation of requests for "authentication and approval of terminal location" to devices such as base stations, and is also capable of "location estimation through communication between base stations and terminals," and is also capable of location estimation using other systems such as GNSS. When terminal 102 is terminal type 3, terminal 102 is a terminal that supports the implementation of requests for "authentication and approval of terminal location" to devices such as base stations, and is also capable of "location estimation through communication between base stations and terminals."

[0434] Terminal 102 of terminal type 2 or terminal type 3 shall use the "location estimation accuracy request information 1401 in location authentication (approval)" in the control information 1400 of Figure 14A to request "high" or "intermediate" accuracy from the base station (and other devices).

[0435] In this situation, the base station (and other devices) will perform the following actions in response to the location estimation based on the communication between the base station and the terminal.

[0436] The base station (and other devices) obtains "location estimation accuracy requirement information 1401 for location authentication (approval)" and sets the accuracy of location estimation during communication between the base station and the terminal to "high" or "intermediate" accuracy.

[0437] The base station and / or other devices select a location estimation base station to be used to estimate the location of terminal 102. The base station and / or other devices also determine the frequency and frequency bandwidth to be used for the signal to be transmitted for the location estimation of terminal 102, and then transmit the signal.

[0438] Furthermore, the base station and / or other devices determine the "frequency to be used and frequency bandwidth to be used" of the signals transmitted by the terminal 102 for position estimation, and transmit this information to the terminal using the control information 1410 shown in Figure 14B.

[0439] Then, the base station and the terminal will perform location estimation of the terminal through communication between the base station and the terminal. Subsequently, as shown in Figure 14C, the base station or another device will perform "location authentication and approval," and the base station will notify the terminal 102 of the result.

[0440] As described above, by having a base station or other device authenticate and approve the terminal's location, it becomes possible to prove the terminal's location information.

[0441] A modified example of the communication between the base station and the terminal in Figure 14C is shown in Figure 16A. In Figure 16A, components that operate in the same way as in Figure 14C are given the same numbers.

[0442] Terminal 102 transmits control information, including information on the estimation accuracy of location authentication (authorization), to the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" (1601).

[0443] The "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" obtains control information (for example, Figure 14A) that includes information on the estimation accuracy of location authentication (approval) transmitted by terminal 102 (1621).

[0444] The "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" selects a base station to use for estimating the terminal's location based on the location authentication (approval) estimation accuracy information transmitted by the terminal 102 (1622).

[0445] Also, the "communication base station and / or positioning base station" determines the frequency and frequency bandwidth used by the signal transmitted by the base station for terminal positioning based on the information on the estimation accuracy of the position authentication (approval) transmitted by the terminal 102 (1623).

[0446] Along with this, the "communication base station and / or positioning base station" transmits, for example, the control information 1410 in FIG. 14B (1624).

[0447] The terminal 102 obtains the control information 1410 transmitted by the "communication base station and / or positioning base station" (1602).

[0448] For the subsequent operations, since they are described in FIG. 14C, the description is omitted. Note that the positioning base station uses the determined "frequency, frequency bandwidth" when transmitting a signal for terminal positioning.

[0449] The order of the specific information exchange between the base station and the terminal in FIG. 16A is not limited to the order in FIG. 16A. Also, there may be other processes, and FIG. 16A is merely an example.

[0450] As described above, by the base station or other devices performing authentication and approval of the terminal's position, the effect of being able to prove the information on the terminal's position can be obtained.

[0451] In the above description, it has been described that "the terminal 102 and the 'communication base station and / or positioning base station' may perform position estimation for estimating the position of the terminal 102" (for example, 1499).

[0452] Roughly classified as the "method for estimating the position of the terminal 102 by the terminal 102 and the 'communication base station and / or positioning base station'", there are a method for the terminal 102 to estimate the (terminal's) position and a method for the base station to estimate the (terminal's) position. Regarding this point, since it has already been described (for example, in Embodiment 1), the description is omitted.

[0453] Furthermore, the device for estimating the terminal's location may be a "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station," or it may be another device communicating with the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station." The base station may have an authorization unit for authenticating and approving the terminal's location, or it may be another device. These points have already been explained (for example, in Embodiment 1), so we will omit further explanation here.

[0454] A modified example of the communication between the base station and the terminal shown in Figure 14C is shown in Figure 16B. In Figure 16B, components that operate in the same way as in Figure 14C are given the same numbers.

[0455] Terminal 102 transmits control information, including information on the estimation accuracy of location authentication (authorization), to the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" (1631).

[0456] The "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" obtains control information (for example, Figure 14A) that includes information on the estimation accuracy of location authentication (approval) transmitted by terminal 102 (1651).

[0457] The "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" selects a base station to use for estimating the terminal's location based on the location authentication (approval) estimation accuracy information transmitted by the terminal 102 (1652).

[0458] Furthermore, the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" determines the frequency and frequency bandwidth used for the signals transmitted by the terminal for location estimation of the terminal, based on the location authentication (authorization) estimation accuracy information transmitted by the terminal 102 (1653).

[0459] Accordingly, the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" transmits, for example, the control information 1410 shown in Figure 14B (1654).

[0460] Terminal 102 receives control information 1410 transmitted by the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" (1632).

[0461] The subsequent operations are explained in Figure 14C, so the explanation will be omitted here. Note that when the terminal transmits a signal for terminal position estimation, it will use the "frequency and frequency bandwidth" determined in the control information 1410.

[0462] The specific order of information exchange between the base station and the terminal in Figure 16B is not limited to the order shown in Figure 16B. Other processes may also exist, and Figure 16B is merely an example.

[0463] As described above, by having a base station or other device authenticate and approve the terminal's location, it becomes possible to prove the terminal's location information.

[0464] In addition, as stated in the above explanation, "the terminal 102 and the 'communication base station and / or location estimation base station' may perform location estimation to estimate the location of the terminal 102" (for example, 1499).

[0465] Broadly speaking, the "method for estimating the location of terminal 102 using terminal 102 and a communication base station and / or a location estimation base station" can be divided into two categories: a method in which terminal 102 estimates its own location, and a method in which the base station estimates its own location. This point has already been explained (for example, in Embodiment 1), so the explanation will be omitted here.

[0466] Furthermore, the device for estimating the terminal's location may be a "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station," or it may be another device communicating with the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station." The base station may have an authorization unit for authenticating and approving the terminal's location, or it may be another device. These points have already been explained (for example, in Embodiment 1), so we will omit further explanation here.

[0467] A modified example of the communication between the base station and the terminal shown in Figure 14C is shown in Figure 16C. In Figure 16C, components that operate in the same way as in Figure 14C are given the same numbers.

[0468] Terminal 102 transmits control information, including information on the estimation accuracy of location authentication (authorization), to the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" (1671).

[0469] The "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" obtains control information (for example, Figure 14A) that includes information on the estimation accuracy of location authentication (approval) transmitted by terminal 102 (1691).

[0470] The "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" selects a base station to use for estimating the terminal's location based on the location authentication (approval) estimation accuracy information transmitted by the terminal 102 (1692).

[0471] Furthermore, the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" determines the frequency and frequency bandwidth to be used for the signals transmitted by the base station for estimating the location of the terminal 102, based on the location authentication (authorization) estimation accuracy information transmitted by the terminal 102 (1693).

[0472] Then, the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" determines the frequency and frequency bandwidth to be used for the signals transmitted by the terminal for location estimation, based on the location authentication (authorization) estimation accuracy information transmitted by the terminal 102 (1694).

[0473] Accordingly, the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" transmits, for example, the control information 1410 shown in Figure 14B (1695).

[0474] Terminal 102 receives control information 1410 transmitted by the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" (1672).

[0475] The subsequent operations are explained in Figure 14C, so the explanation will be omitted here. The base station for position estimation will use the determined "frequency and frequency bandwidth" when transmitting the signal for estimating the terminal's position. The terminal will also use the determined "frequency and frequency bandwidth" included in the control information 1410 when transmitting the signal for estimating its own position.

[0476] The order in which the base station and terminal exchange specific information in Figure 16C is not limited to the order shown in Figure 16C. Furthermore, other processes may exist, and Figure 16C is merely an example.

[0477] As described above, by having a base station or other device authenticate and approve the terminal's location, it becomes possible to prove the terminal's location information.

[0478] In addition, as stated in the above explanation, "the terminal 102 and the 'communication base station and / or location estimation base station' may perform location estimation to estimate the location of the terminal 102" (for example, 1499).

[0479] Broadly speaking, the "method for estimating the location of terminal 102 using terminal 102 and a communication base station and / or a location estimation base station" can be divided into two categories: a method in which terminal 102 estimates its own location, and a method in which the base station estimates its own location. This point has already been explained (for example, in Embodiment 1), so the explanation will be omitted here.

[0480] Furthermore, the device for estimating the terminal's location may be a "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station," or it may be another device communicating with the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station." The base station may have an authorization unit for authenticating and approving the terminal's location, or it may be another device. These points have already been explained (for example, in Embodiment 1), so we will omit further explanation here.

[0481] As mentioned above, base station location information may be used to generate terminal location information and to authenticate (authorize) the terminal location. Therefore, authentication (authorization) of base station location information may be required. Consequently, procedures like those shown in Figure 17 may be necessary.

[0482] Figure 17 shows an example of communication between a "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station" and an "LMF and / or AMF".

[0483] First, the "base station for communication and / or base station for position estimation" transmits the position information of the base station (1701). It is assumed that the "base station for communication and / or base station for position estimation" has obtained the position information of the base station.

[0484] The "LMF and / or AMF" obtains the position information of the base station (1721).

[0485] The "base station for communication and / or base station for position estimation" transmits the request information for authentication (approval) of the position information of the base station (1702).

[0486] The "LMF and / or AMF" obtains the request information for authentication (approval) of the position information of the base station (1722).

[0487] The "LMF and / or AMF" determines whether to perform authentication (approval) on the position information of the base station (1723). Here, the description will proceed on the assumption of "performing authentication (approval) on the position information of the base station".

[0488] The "LMF and / or AMF" transmits the information on the result of performing authentication (approval) on the position information of the base station (1724).

[0489] The "base station for communication and / or base station for position estimation" obtains this result information (1703).

[0490] Here, although it is referred to as "LMF and / or AMF", other devices may perform authentication (approval) of the position information. This point is as already explained.

[0491] The order of the interaction in FIG. 17 is not limited to the order in FIG. 17. Also, other processes may exist, and FIG. 17 is merely an example.

[0492] As described above, by the base station or other devices performing authentication and approval of the position of the base station, it is possible to obtain the effect that the position information of the base station can be used when authenticating and approving the position information of the terminal.

[0493] As described above, in this embodiment, a system can be constructed in which the accuracy of the terminal's location information can be proven by having a base station or other device authenticate and approve the terminal's location information.

[0494] Furthermore, since the "user or organization that owns the base station system," which is different from the user using the terminal, will certify the terminal's location and issue a certificate regarding the terminal's location, this certificate will be highly reliable and difficult to tamper with.

[0495] For example, the "position estimation 1499 by base station and terminal" in Figures 14C, 16A, 16B, and 16C is a process for estimating the position of the terminal and / or the position of the user. However, as variations of terminal position estimation, the following may be performed: "a process for detecting the presence or absence of a terminal, user, and / or an object," "a process for predicting the material of a terminal, user, and / or an object," "a process for detecting the movement of a terminal, user, and / or an object," "a process for estimating the conditions around a sensing device," "a process for estimating the distance between a sensing device and an object," and "a process for detecting the outline of an object." In the process for detecting the position of an object, it may be possible to simultaneously detect the object and its movement. In addition, in the process for detecting the presence or absence of an object, or the process for detecting the outline of an object, it is also possible to identify the target object. Furthermore, the estimation described in this embodiment is merely an example and is not limited to the description of this embodiment.

[0496] In "Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H", "Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H", "Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, 10H", and "Figure 15A", a base station is present, but the base station may be operated as a TRP. In this case, in "Figures 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H", "Figures 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H", "Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, 10H", and "Figure 15A", there will be multiple TRPs, but "multiple TRPs in the figures" may be composed of one or more TRPs, or "multiple TRPs in the figures" may be composed of one or more base stations.

[0497] In "Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H", "Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H", "Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, 10H", and "Figure 15A", terminal 102 supports one or more of the following: "Location authentication and approval according to Figure 4A", "Location authentication and approval according to Figure 9", "Location authentication and approval according to Figure 12A", "Location authentication and approval according to Figure 14C", and "Location authentication and approval according to Figure 16A". Terminal 102 may select and implement one of the following depending on the base station status: "Location authentication and approval according to Figure 4A", "Location authentication and approval according to Figure 9", "Location authentication and approval according to Figure 12A", "Location authentication and approval according to Figure 14C", and "Location authentication and approval according to Figure 16A".

[0498] In this embodiment, a base station was used for the explanation, but the same implementation is possible even if the base station is implemented as any of the following: "TRP, repeater, terminal, access point, broadcasting station, eNB (e Node B), gNB (g Node B) node, server, satellite, UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle), AGV (automated guided vehicle), etc." Therefore, the base station that transmits the wireless power transmission signal in this embodiment may also be called "base station, TRP, repeater, terminal, access point, broadcasting station, eNB, gNB, node, server, satellite, drone, UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle), AGV (automated guided vehicle), etc." However, it is not limited to these.

[0499] Furthermore, although this embodiment was described using a terminal, the same implementation is possible even if the terminal is defined as any of the following: "mobile devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, laptops, personal computers, home appliances (household electrical appliances), factory equipment, IoT (Internet of Things) devices, etc., mobile devices such as cars (e.g., electric vehicles), bicycles (e.g., electric bicycles, electric-assist bicycles), motorcycles, ships, satellites, aircraft, drones, robots, etc.", UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles), or AGVs (automated guided vehicles). Therefore, the terminal in this embodiment may also be called "mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, laptops, personal computers, home appliances (household electrical appliances), factory equipment, IoT devices, etc., mobile devices such as those mentioned above," UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles), or AGVs (automated guided vehicles). However, it is not limited to these.

[0500] In this embodiment, the location estimation of a terminal by communication between a base station and a terminal is described, but the location estimation of a terminal by wireless communication between a base station and a terminal using radio waves may also be used, or by wireless communication between a base station and a terminal using light. In this case, the base station, terminal, and other devices will be equipped with a light-emitting unit and a light-receiving unit instead of an antenna.

[0501] Furthermore, communication base stations may be base stations mounted on moving devices such as drones (UAVs) or unmanned aerial vehicles. Similarly, position estimation base stations may be base stations mounted on moving devices such as drones or unmanned aerial vehicles.

[0502] When communication base stations and position estimation base stations are mounted on mobile devices such as drones, unmanned aerial vehicles, UAVs, and AGVs, the location information of the base stations needs to be updated continuously.

[0503] In this specification, including this embodiment, the base station transmits location information that has been "location authenticated and approved" to the terminal, but the base station may also transmit to the terminal "information regarding the accuracy of location estimation and the reliability of location" along with the location information.

[0504] In this embodiment, if there are multiple base stations, and each base station is considered a TRP, then the system can be considered a multiple-TRP system. Alternatively, multiple base stations or multiple TRPs may constitute a single device.

[0505] (Embodiment 3) In this embodiment, we will describe a modified version of the "location authentication and authorization" described in other embodiments such as Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2.

[0506] In "Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H", "Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H", "Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, 10H", and "Figure 15A", terminal 102 may perform the processing shown in Figure 18A when performing procedures such as "location authentication and approval according to Figure 4A", "location authentication and approval according to Figure 9", "location authentication and approval according to Figure 12A", "location authentication and approval according to Figure 14C", and "location authentication and approval according to Figure 16A".

[0507] Figure 18A shows an example of communication between a base station and a terminal.

[0508] Terminal 102 transmits its location information, including time information obtained by using GNSS, to the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" (1801).

[0509] The "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" obtains the "location information of the terminal including time information obtained using GNSS" transmitted by the terminal 102 (1821).

[0510] Then, the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" and terminal 102 perform "location estimation of the terminal through communication between the base station and the terminal" (1899).

[0511] "A base station for communications and / or a base station for position estimation" obtains "the location information of a terminal, including time information at the time of position estimation through communication between the base station and the terminal" (1822).

[0512] The "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" then authenticates and approves the terminal's location and issues a terminal location certificate to the terminal (1823). Note that the authentication and approval of the terminal's location and the issuance of the terminal location certificate may be performed by other devices, and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" will transmit the terminal location certificate data to the terminal.

[0513] Terminal 102 obtains a "terminal location certificate" transmitted by a "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station" (1802). The "terminal location certificate" should preferably include "terminal location information" and "information indicating that the terminal location information has been approved."

[0514] The order of communication between the base station and the terminal in Figure 18A is not limited to the order shown in Figure 18A. Other processes may also exist, and Figure 18A is merely an example.

[0515] Figure 18B shows an example of communication between a base station and a terminal that differs from Figure 18A.

[0516] Terminal 102 transmits terminal location information, including time information when location estimation is performed using the AP, to the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" (1841).

[0517] The "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" obtains the "location information of the terminal, including time information obtained using the AP" transmitted by the terminal 102 (1861).

[0518] Then, the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" and terminal 102 perform "location estimation of the terminal through communication between the base station and the terminal" (1899).

[0519] "A base station for communications and / or a base station for position estimation" obtains "the location information of a terminal, including time information at the time of position estimation through communication between the base station and the terminal" (1862).

[0520] The "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" then authenticates and approves the terminal's location and issues a location certificate to the terminal (1863). Note that the authentication and approval of the terminal's location and the issuance of the location certificate may be performed by other devices, and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" will transmit the location certificate data to the terminal.

[0521] Terminal 102 obtains a "terminal location certificate" transmitted by a "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station" (1842). The "terminal location certificate" should preferably include "terminal location information" and "information indicating that the terminal location information has been approved."

[0522] The order of communication between the base station and the terminal in Figure 18B is not limited to the order shown in Figure 18B. Other processes may also exist, and Figure 18B is merely an example.

[0523] Figure 18C shows an example of communication between a base station and a terminal that differs from Figures 18A and 18B.

[0524] The "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" and terminal 102 perform "location estimation of the terminal through communication between the base station and the terminal" (1899).

[0525] "A base station for communications and / or a base station for position estimation" obtains "the location information of a terminal, including time information at the time of position estimation through communication between the base station and the terminal" (1891).

[0526] The "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" then authenticates and approves the terminal's location and issues a location certificate to the terminal (1892). Note that the authentication and approval of the terminal's location and the issuance of the location certificate may be performed by other devices, and the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" will transmit the location certificate data to the terminal.

[0527] Terminal 102 obtains a "terminal location certificate" transmitted by a "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station" (1881). The "terminal location certificate" should preferably include "terminal location information" and "information indicating that the terminal location information has been approved."

[0528] The order of communication between the base station and the terminal in Figure 18C is not limited to the order shown in Figure 18C. Other processes may also exist, and Figure 18C is merely an example.

[0529] In Figures 18A, 18B, and 18C, the "terminal location certificate" is assumed to include the issuance time (or time information) of the certificate for location verification. Examples of methods for using the issuance time or time information for the certificate for location verification include: "time information when the terminal determined its location using GNSS," "time information when the terminal determined its location using an AP," "time information when location estimation was performed through communication between the base station and the terminal," "time information when the certificate was issued," and "time information when the certificate information was transmitted." However, this is not the only method.

[0530] Furthermore, terminal 102 may use the terminal's location information and / or the certificate's issuance time (or time information) included in the "terminal location certificate" to control itself, other devices, or information. This point will be explained later.

[0531] Furthermore, the "device location certificate" shall include information regarding the certificate's validity period, in addition to the issuance time (or time information) of the certificate for the location certificate.

[0532] For example, suppose the issuance time (or time information) of the certificate for location verification was "April 15, 2024, 16:35:00".

[0533] In addition, the "device location certificate" may include information regarding the validity period of the certificate, specifically "April 15, 2024, 16:44:59".

[0534] Furthermore, terminal 102 may use the terminal's location information included in the "terminal location certificate," and / or the certificate's issuance time (or time information), and / or information regarding the certificate's validity period, to control the terminal itself, other devices, or information. This point will be explained later.

[0535] Note that the method of providing the certificate issuance time (or time information) is not limited to the example above.

[0536] Furthermore, the method of providing information regarding the validity period of the certificate is not limited to the example above. For example, if the issuance time (or time information) of the certificate for proof of location is "April 15, 2024, 16:35:00", the information regarding the validity period of the certificate may be provided in the format of "within 5 minutes from the issuance time (or time information) of the certificate for proof of location, "April 15, 2024, 16:35:00".

[0537] As another example, a "device location certificate" may include information about the device's location, the accuracy of the estimated location, the certificate's issuance time (or time information), and the certificate's validity period.

[0538] For example, suppose a "device location certificate" includes information about the device's location, the certificate's issuance time (or time information), and the certificate's validity period. In this case, the interval of the certificate's validity period may be adjusted depending on the accuracy of the device's location estimation.

[0539] Let's explain with an example. Suppose the certificate's issuance time (or time information) was "April 15, 2024, 16:35:00".

[0540] Assume the accuracy of the device's location information estimation is "low". In this case, the information regarding the validity period of the certificate shall be set to "within 30 minutes from the issuance time (or time information) of the certificate for location verification, "April 15, 2024, 16:35:00". Therefore, the validity period of the certificate will be 30 minutes.

[0541] Furthermore, the accuracy of the device's location information estimation will be set to "intermediate." In this case, the information regarding the validity period of the certificate will be set to "within 15 minutes from the issuance time (or time information) of the certificate for location verification, 'April 15, 2024, 16:35:00'." Therefore, the validity period of the certificate will be 15 minutes.

[0542] Assume the accuracy of the device's location estimation is "high." In this case, the information regarding the validity period of the certificate will be set to "within 5 minutes from the issuance time (or time information) of the certificate for location verification, 'April 15, 2024, 16:35:00'." Therefore, the validity period of the certificate will be 5 minutes.

[0543] The format of the information regarding the certificate's validity period is not limited to the example above. For example, the information regarding the certificate's validity period may be given as "The certificate is valid from April 15, 2024, at 16:39:59."

[0544] For example, if X is the valid time interval for the certificate when the accuracy of the device's location estimation is "low," and Y is the valid time interval for the certificate when the accuracy of the device's location estimation is "high," then X > Y may be set. This is because when the accuracy of the device's location estimation is "low," the impact on the certificate is small even if the valid time interval is somewhat longer due to the low accuracy of the location estimation. However, depending on the purpose, a relationship other than "X > Y" may be acceptable.

[0545] By doing so, the device can obtain a "device location certificate" with an expiration date, and this certificate can be used to control the device itself, other devices, and information.

[0546] Note that Figures 18A, 18B, and 18C show examples of communication between a base station and a terminal, and the order in which specific information is exchanged between the base station and the terminal is not limited to the order shown in Figures 18A, 18B, and 18C.

[0547] Figure 19 shows an example of communication between a base station and a terminal that differs from that shown in Figures 18A, 18B, and 18C.

[0548] The "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" and terminal 102 generate a certificate of the terminal's location using one of the methods shown in "Figure 18A, Figure 18B, and Figure 18C" as examples (1999_1). The certificate generated by the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" in this manner is named the "first certificate of the terminal's location."

[0549] Similarly, the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" and terminal 102 generate a certificate of the terminal's location using one of the methods shown in "Figures 18A, 18B, and 18C" as examples (1999_i). The certificate generated by the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" in this manner is named the "i-th certificate of the terminal's location". Here, i is an integer between 1 and N, and N is an integer of 2 or greater.

[0550] Then, the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" generates a "terminal location certificate" to be transmitted to terminal 102 using the "first terminal location certificate", ... "nth terminal location certificate" (1901). The "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" transmits the "terminal location certificate" to the terminal (1902).

[0551] Terminal 102 obtains a "terminal location certificate" transmitted by a "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station" (1911). The "terminal location certificate" should preferably include "terminal location information" and "information indicating that the terminal location information has been approved."

[0552] By doing so, the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" can reduce the number of times it sends a terminal location certificate to the terminal, thereby improving the system's data transmission efficiency. Furthermore, by generating a terminal location certificate as described above, the terminal can provide location proof for its route.

[0553] Note that Figure 19 shows an example of communication between a base station and a terminal, and the order in which specific information is exchanged between the base station and the terminal is not limited to the order shown in Figure 19.

[0554] Figures 18A, 18B, 18C, and 19 describe the case in which a "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" transmits a location certificate to a terminal and obtains this certificate from the terminal. A modified version of this will now be described.

[0555] Figure 20A shows an example of communication between a "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station," a terminal, and a server.

[0556] As shown in Figures 18A, 18B, 18C, and 19, the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" has already generated a "terminal location certificate" and uploaded it to the server. The "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" then sends information about the location where the "terminal location certificate" is stored (for example, server information, the URL of the access destination (Uniform Resource Locator), etc.) to terminal 102 (2001). Terminal 102 obtains the information about the location where the "terminal location certificate" is stored (2011).

[0557] Terminal 102 accesses the location where the "terminal location certificate" is stored, i.e., the server, based on the information about the location where the "terminal location certificate" is stored (2012). Terminal 102 obtains the "terminal location certificate" from the server (2013).

[0558] Terminal 102 then performs terminal control and / or control of other devices and / or control of information (2014).

[0559] Figure 20B shows an example of interaction between a "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station," a terminal, and a server.

[0560] As shown in Figures 18A, 18B, 18C, and 19, the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" has already generated a "terminal location certificate" and uploaded it to the server. The "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" then transmits information about the location where the "terminal location certificate" is stored (e.g., server information, URL of the accessed location) to terminal 102 (2021). Terminal 102 obtains the information about the location where the "terminal location certificate" is stored (2031).

[0561] Terminal 102 accesses the location where the "terminal location certificate" is stored, i.e., the server, via the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" (2032), based on the information about the location where the "terminal location certificate" is stored. Terminal 102 obtains the "terminal location certificate" from the server via the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" (2033).

[0562] Terminal 102 then performs control of the terminal and / or other devices and / or information (2034).

[0563] By doing so, it becomes possible to build a system in which the accuracy of the terminal's location information can be proven by having a base station or other device authenticate and approve the terminal's location.

[0564] Furthermore, since the "user or organization that owns the base station system," which is different from the user using the terminal, will certify the terminal's location and issue a certificate regarding the terminal's location, this certificate will be highly reliable and difficult to tamper with. This also makes it possible to control devices and information using the certificate regarding the terminal's location.

[0565] In the above description, "location estimation by base station and terminal" refers to the process of estimating the location of the terminal and / or the location of the user. However, variations of terminal location estimation may include "processing to detect the presence or absence of 'terminal, user' and / or objects," "processing to predict the material of 'terminal, user' and / or objects," "processing to detect the movement of 'terminal, user' and / or objects," "processing to estimate the conditions around a sensing device," "processing to estimate the distance between a sensing device and an object," and "processing to detect the outline of an object." In the process of detecting the location of an object, it may be possible to simultaneously detect the object and its movement. In addition, in the process of detecting the presence or absence of an object, or the process of detecting the outline of an object, it is also possible to identify the target object. Furthermore, the estimation described in this embodiment is merely an example and is not limited to the description of this embodiment.

[0566] In "Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H", "Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H", "Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, 10H", and "Figure 15A", a base station is present, but the base station may be operated as a TRP. In this case, in "Figures 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H", "Figures 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H", "Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, 10H", and "Figure 15A", there will be multiple TRPs, but "multiple TRPs in the figures" may be composed of one or more TRPs, or "multiple TRPs in the figures" may be composed of one or more base stations.

[0567] In this embodiment, a base station was used for the explanation, but the same implementation is possible even if the base station is implemented as any of the following: "TRP, repeater, terminal, access point, broadcasting station, eNB (e Node B), gNB (g Node B) node, server, satellite, UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle), AGV (automated guided vehicle), etc." Therefore, the base station that transmits the wireless power transmission signal in this embodiment may also be called "base station, TRP, repeater, terminal, access point, broadcasting station, eNB, gNB, node, server, satellite, drone, UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle), AGV (automated guided vehicle), etc." However, it is not limited to these.

[0568] Furthermore, although this embodiment was described using a terminal, the same implementation is possible even if the terminal is defined as any of the following: "mobile devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, laptops, personal computers, home appliances (household electrical appliances), factory equipment, IoT (Internet of Things) devices, etc., mobile devices such as cars (e.g., electric vehicles), bicycles (e.g., electric bicycles, electric-assist bicycles), motorcycles, ships, satellites, aircraft, drones, robots, etc.", UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles), or AGVs (automated guided vehicles). Therefore, the terminal in this embodiment may also be called "mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, laptops, personal computers, home appliances (household electrical appliances), factory equipment, IoT devices, etc., mobile devices such as those mentioned above," UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles), or AGVs (automated guided vehicles). However, it is not limited to these.

[0569] In this embodiment, the location estimation of a terminal by communication between a base station and a terminal is described, but the location estimation of a terminal by wireless communication between a base station and a terminal using radio waves may also be used, or by wireless communication between a base station and a terminal using light. In this case, the base station, terminal, and other devices will be equipped with a light-emitting unit and a light-receiving unit instead of an antenna.

[0570] Furthermore, communication base stations may be base stations mounted on moving devices such as drones (UAVs) or unmanned aerial vehicles. Similarly, position estimation base stations may be base stations mounted on moving devices such as drones or unmanned aerial vehicles.

[0571] When communication base stations and position estimation base stations are mounted on mobile devices such as drones, unmanned aerial vehicles, UAVs, and AGVs, the location information of the base stations needs to be updated continuously.

[0572] In this specification, including this embodiment, the base station transmits location information that has been "location authenticated and approved" to the terminal, but the base station may also transmit to the terminal "information regarding the accuracy of location estimation and the reliability of location" along with the location information.

[0573] In this embodiment, if there are multiple base stations, and each base station is considered a TRP, then the system can be considered a multiple-TRP system. Alternatively, multiple base stations or multiple TRPs may constitute a single device.

[0574] (Embodiment 4) Embodiments 1 to 3 described specific operational examples of how a terminal obtains a "certificate regarding the terminal's location" (authentication and approval information for the terminal's location) from a base station. In this embodiment, specific examples of how a terminal controls itself, other devices, and information based on the "certificate regarding the terminal's location" (authentication and approval information for the terminal's location) will be described.

[0575] As shown in "Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H", "Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H", "Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, 10H", and "Figure 15A", it is assumed that "communication base stations and / or base stations for position estimation" and terminals exist. In addition, it is assumed that there are base stations that transmit wireless power to the terminals.

[0576] Furthermore, the base station that performs wireless power transmission may be a "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station," or there may be a "base station that performs wireless power transmission" separate from the "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station."

[0577] Therefore, the terminal will charge its battery and other components by receiving signals transmitted by a "base station that performs wireless power transmission."

[0578] The signals transmitted by a "base station that performs wireless power transmission" may be radio waves or light.

[0579] The following sections will explain terminals and base stations that perform wireless power transmission.

[0580] Figure 21A shows an example of the relationship between "base station #x1 of x01_1 and base station #x2 of x01_2, which are 'base stations that perform wireless power transmission'" and "terminal #x1 of x02_1, which receives a power transmission signal transmitted by a 'device for power transmission and / or communication' and charges the battery (cell)".

[0581] Base station #x1 of x01_1 transmits a wireless power transmission signal, forming a rechargeable area 1 of 2101_1A. Terminals located in rechargeable area 1 of 2101_1A can charge their batteries (or other devices).

[0582] Base station #x2 of x01_2 transmits a wireless power transmission signal, forming a rechargeable area 2 of 2101_2A. Terminals located within rechargeable area 2 of 2101_2A can charge their batteries (or other devices).

[0583] In this way, base station #x1 of x01_1 and base station #x2 of x01_2 can provide a charging area.

[0584] For example, as shown in Figure 21A, terminal #x3 of x02_3 located in the rechargeable area 1 of 2101_1A can charge batteries and the like.

[0585] Additionally, terminal #x1 of x02_1 located in the rechargeable area 2 of 2101_2 can charge batteries and other devices.

[0586] Terminal #x2 of x02_2 is not located in a charging area, therefore terminal #x2 of x02_2 will not charge its battery or other components.

[0587] Base station #x1 of x01_1 and base station #x2 of x01_2 may use multiple antennas to perform transmission directivity control when transmitting signals for wireless power transmission.

[0588] For example, as shown in Figure 21B, base station #x1 of x01_1 may set a rechargeable area at a different location than in Figure 21A. Base station #x1 of x01_1 in Figure 21B transmits a wireless power transmission signal to form rechargeable area 1 of 2101_1B at a different location than the rechargeable area in Figure 21A.

[0589] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 21B, base station #x2 of x01_2 may set a rechargeable area at a different location than that shown in Figure 21A. Base station #x2 of x01_2 in Figure 21B transmits a wireless power transmission signal to form rechargeable area 2 of 2101_2B at a different location from the rechargeable area in Figure 21B.

[0590] Figure 21C1 shows an example of the time-axis configuration of the charging area for base station #x1 of x01_1. In Figure 21C1, the horizontal axis represents time.

[0591] At time C1 in Figure 21C1, base station #x1 of x01_1 transmits a wireless power transmission signal to form a rechargeable area 1 of 2101_1A as shown in Figure 21A. Then, at time C2, base station #x1 of x01_1 transmits a wireless power transmission signal to form a rechargeable area 1 of 2101_1B as shown in Figure 21B.

[0592] Thus, base station #x1 of x01_1 may transmit a wireless power transmission signal to change the location of the charging area over time.

[0593] Figure 21C2 shows an example of the time-axis configuration of the charging area for base station #x2 of x01_2. In Figure 21C2, the horizontal axis represents time.

[0594] At time CC1 in Figure 21C2, base station #x2 of x01_2 transmits a wireless power transmission signal to form a rechargeable area 2 of 2101_2A as shown in Figure 21A. Then, at time CC2, base station #x2 of x01_2 transmits a wireless power transmission signal to form a rechargeable area 2 of 2101_2B as shown in Figure 21B.

[0595] Thus, base station #x2 of x01_2 may transmit a wireless power transmission signal to change the location of the charging area over time.

[0596] Figure 21D shows an example of the relationship between "base station #x1 of x01_1 and base station #x2 of x01_2, which are base stations that perform wireless power transmission" and "terminal #x1 of x02_1, which receives a power transmission signal transmitted by a power transmission and / or communication device and charges the battery."

[0597] Base station #x1 of x01_1 transmits (one or more, or two or more) wireless power transmission signals to form "chargeable area 1_1 of 2101_1_1D, chargeable area 1_2 of 2101_1_2D, ..., chargeable area 1_M of 2101_1_MD". Hereinafter, M is an integer of 1 or more, or 2 or more. Therefore, base station #x1 of x01_1 will form one or more, or two or more, chargeable areas.

[0598] Terminals located in "Charging area 1_1 of 2101_1_1D, charging area 1_2 of 2101_1_2D, ..., charging area 1_M of 2101_1_MD" can be charged, such as batteries.

[0599] Base station #x2 of x01_2 transmits (one or more, or two or more) wireless power transmission signals to form "chargeable area 2_1 of 2101_2_1D, chargeable area 2_2 of 2101_2_2D, ..., chargeable area 2_N of 2101_2_ND". Hereinafter, N is an integer of 1 or more, or 2 or more. Therefore, base station #x2 of x01_2 will form one or more, or two or more, chargeable areas.

[0600] Terminals located in "Charging area 2_1 of 2101_2_1D, charging area 2_2 of 2101_2_2D, ..., charging area 2_N of 2101_2_ND" can be charged, such as batteries.

[0601] In this way, base station #x1 of x01_1 and base station #x2 of x01_2 can provide a charging area.

[0602] Base station #x1 of x01_1 and base station #x2 of x01_2 may use multiple antennas to perform transmission directivity control when transmitting signals for wireless power transmission.

[0603] For example, as shown in Figure 21E, base station #1 of x01_1 may have a different charging area setting than in Figure 21D. Base station #x1 of x01_1 in Figure 21E transmits a wireless power transmission signal to form "charging area 1_1 of 2101_1_1E, charging area 1_2 of 2101_1_2E, ..., charging area 1_M of 2101_1_ME" which have different location settings from the charging area in Figure 21D. However, there may be charging areas whose location has not changed. Also, the number of charging areas formed by base station #x1 of x01_1 in Figure 21D and the number of charging areas formed by base station #x1 of x01_1 in Figure 21E may be the same or different.

[0604] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 21E, base station #x2 of x01_2 may have a different charging area setting than that in Figure 21D. Base station #x2 of x01_2 in Figure 21E transmits a wireless power transmission signal to form "charging area 2_1 of 2101_2_1E, charging area 2_2 of 2101_2_2E, ..., charging area 2_N of 2101_2_NE" which have different location settings from the charging area in Figure 21D. However, there may be charging areas whose location has not changed. Also, the number of charging areas formed by base station #x2 of x01_2 in Figure 21D and the number of charging areas formed by base station #x2 of x01_2 in Figure 21E may be the same or different.

[0605] Figure 21F1 shows an example of the time axis for configuring the charging area of ​​base station #x1 of x01_1. In Figure 21F1, the horizontal axis represents time.

[0606] At time F1 in Figure 21F1, base station #x1 of x01_1 transmits a wireless power transmission signal to form "chargeable area 1_1 of 2101_1_1D, chargeable area 1_2 of 2101_1_2D, ..., chargeable area 1_M of 2101_1_MD" as shown in Figure 21D. Then, at time F2, base station #x1 of x01_1 transmits a wireless power transmission signal to form "chargeable area 1_1 of 2101_1_1E, chargeable area 1_2 of 2101_1_2E, ..., chargeable area 1_M of 2101_1_ME" as shown in Figure 21E.

[0607] Thus, base station #x1 of x01_1 may transmit a radio power transmission signal to change the location setting of the rechargeable area depending on the time. Alternatively, base station #x1 of x01_1 may transmit a radio power signal to change the number of rechargeable areas depending on the time.

[0608] Figure 21F2 shows an example of the time-axis configuration of the charging area for base station #x2 of x01_2. In Figure 21F2, the horizontal axis represents time.

[0609] At time FF1 in Figure 21F2, base station #x2 of x01_2 transmits a wireless power transmission signal to form "chargeable area 2_1 of 2101_2_1D, chargeable area 2_2 of 2101_2_2D, ..., chargeable area 2_N of 2101_2_ND" as shown in Figure 21D. Then, at time FF2, base station #x2 of x01_2 transmits a wireless power transmission signal to form "chargeable area 1_1 of 2101_1_1E, chargeable area 1_2 of 2101_1_2E, ..., chargeable area 1_M of 2101_1_ME" as shown in Figure 21E.

[0610] Thus, base station #x2 of x01_2 may transmit a radio power transmission signal to change the location setting of the rechargeable area depending on the time. Alternatively, base station #x2 of x01_2 may transmit a radio power signal to change the number of rechargeable areas depending on the time.

[0611] As shown in Figure 21C1, an example of the operation of base station #x1 of x01_1 when base station #x1 of x01_1 transmits a wireless power transmission signal to change the location of the charging area over time will be described.

[0612] As shown in Figure 22A, base station #x1 of x01_1 transmits a wireless power transmission signal and provides the rechargeable area 1 of 2201_1A, similar to Figures 21A and 21B.

[0613] At this time, base station #x1 of x01_1 communicates with server 2221. Then, base station #x1 of x01_1 provides server 2221 with location-related information regarding the rechargeable area 1 of 2201_1A.

[0614] Server 2221 generates map information 2299, which includes information about the location of the charging area 1 of 2201_1A, from location-related information about the charging area 1 of 2201_1 obtained from base station #x1 of x01_1. Location 2211_1A indicates the location of the charging area 1 of 2201_1A on the map.

[0615] The server 2221 then provides map information 2299, which includes information about the locations where the charging area 1 of 2201_1A exists, to "terminal #x1 of x02_1, terminal #x2 of x02_2, ..." via the network 2222.

[0616] Note that "base station #x1 of x01_1 and server 2221" may consist of a single device. Also, network 2222 may include base stations including base station #x1 of x01_1.

[0617] Furthermore, the same procedure can be implemented using a base station such as "base station #x2 for x01_2" instead of "base station #x1 for x01_1" in Figure 22A. When using base station #x2 for x01_2, server 2221 generates map information 2299 containing information about the locations where charging areas exist, based on location-related information about charging areas obtained from base station #x2 for x01_2. Server 2221 then provides the map information 2299 containing information about the locations where charging areas exist to the terminal via network 2222.

[0618] As shown in Figure 21F1, an example of the operation of base station #x1 of x01_1 when it transmits a wireless power transmission signal to change the location of the charging area over time will be described.

[0619] As shown in Figure 22B, base station #x1 of x01_1 transmits a wireless power transmission signal and provides "chargeable area 1_1 of 2201_1_1B, chargeable area 1_2 of 2201_1_2B, ..., chargeable area 1_M of 2201_1_MB" as in Figures 21D and 21E.

[0620] At this time, base station #x1 of x01_1 communicates with server 2221. Then, base station #x1 of x01_1 provides server 2221 with location-related information regarding "chargeable area 1_1 of 2201_1_1B, chargeable area 1_2 of 2201_1_2B, ..., chargeable area 1_M of 2201_1_MB".

[0621] Server 2221 generates map information 2299 that includes information about the locations where "Charging area 1_1 of 2201_1_1B, Charging area 1_2 of 2201_1_2B, ..., Charging area 1_M of 2201_1_MB" exist, based on location-related information about "Charging area 1_1 of 2201_1_1B, Charging area 1_2 of 2201_1_2B, ..., Charging area 1_M of 2201_1_MB" exist, from location-related information about "Charging area 1_1 of 2201_1_1B, Charging area 1_2 of 2201_1_2B, ..., Charging area 1_M of 2201_1_MB". Note that location 2211_1_1B indicates the location on the map of charging area 1_1 of 2201_1_1B, and location 2211_1_2B indicates the location on the map of charging area 1_2 of 2201_1_2B.

[0622] The server 2221 then provides map information 2299 via the network 2222 to "terminal #x1 of x02_1, terminal #x2 of x02_2, ..." which includes information about the locations where "charging area 1_1 of 2201_1_1B, charging area 1_2 of 2201_1_2B, ..., charging area 1_M of 2201_1_MB" exist.

[0623] Note that "base station #x1 of x01_1 and server 2221" may consist of a single device. Also, network 2222 may include base stations including base station #x1 of x01_1.

[0624] Furthermore, the same procedure can be implemented using a base station such as "base station #x2 for x01_2" instead of "base station #x1 for x01_1" in Figure 22B. When using base station #x2 for x01_2, server 2221 generates map information 2299 containing information about the locations where charging areas exist, based on location-related information about charging areas obtained from base station #x2 for x01_2. Server 2221 then provides the map information 2299 containing information about the locations where charging areas exist to the terminal via network 2222.

[0625] In cases like those shown in Figures 21A, 21B, 21E, 22A, and 22B, a device that has obtained information about the charging area can charge a battery or other device if it has a power receiving unit and / or a light receiving unit, because it is wireless power transmission. Therefore, a problem arises in that it becomes possible to charge devices that have not "communicated and / or performed procedures" with the base station, that is, devices that are not actually authorized to perform charging.

[0626] The procedure for overcoming the above challenges will be explained. Figure 23A shows an example of interaction between a "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station," a terminal, and a "server that provides charging area information." Note that the "server that provides charging area information" corresponds to server 2221 in Figures 22A and 22B.

[0627] The "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" transmits a location certificate to the terminal (2301). The terminal then obtains a location certificate (2311). This has already been explained, so a detailed explanation will be omitted.

[0628] Next, the terminal requests charging area information from the "server that provides charging area information" (2312). The "server that provides charging area information" receives the information requested for charging area information (2321). The specific processing has already been explained, so the explanation will be omitted here.

[0629] The terminal also sends its location certificate to the "server that provides charging area information" (2313). The "server that provides charging area information" obtains the terminal's location certificate (2322).

[0630] The "server providing charging area information" determines whether or not to send charging area information to the terminal based on the terminal's location certificate (2323). Here, it is assumed that the "server providing charging area information" has determined to send charging area information to the terminal.

[0631] The "server providing charging area information" sends the charging area information to the terminal (2324). The terminal receives the charging area information (2314).

[0632] The terminal will then perform charging-related processing (2315). Note that the charging-related processing has already been explained, so the explanation will be omitted here.

[0633] Figure 23B shows a different example from Figure 23A of the interaction between a "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station," a terminal, and a "server providing charging area information." Note that the "server providing charging area information" corresponds to server 2221 in Figures 22A and 22B. Also, the "server providing terminal location certificates" corresponds to the server in Figures 20A and 20B.

[0634] The terminal will obtain its location certificate from the "server that provides the terminal location certificate" (2391). Details are explained using Figures 20A and 20B, so a detailed explanation is omitted here.

[0635] The process after the terminal obtains its location certificate from the "server that provides the terminal location certificate" is the same as in Figure 23A, so the explanation is omitted.

[0636] Figure 24 shows an example of the terminal configuration for the above example. When the control unit 2407 issues a charging instruction, the charging-related unit 2402 may take the signal obtained from the charging unit and / or the light-receiving unit 2401 as input and charge the battery (battery) that it has installed. Alternatively, the charging-related unit 2402 may share power with the device connected to the connection unit 2403 via the connection unit 2403. Therefore, the device connected to the connection unit 2403 may also charge its own battery (battery).

[0637] The communication and position estimation processing unit 2406 may take the signal received by the antenna 2405 as input, perform reception-related processing such as demodulation and error correction decoding, and output the received data. Alternatively, the communication and position estimation processing unit 2406 may take the signal received by the antenna 2405 as input, perform position estimation, and output position information.

[0638] The control unit 2407 takes received data, location information, etc., as input and outputs control signals related to communication, location estimation, and charging.

[0639] The specific operational examples of the terminal are as described above.

[0640] Figure 25 shows an example of a base station configuration for transmitting signals for wireless power transmission.

[0641] The control unit 2504 transmits control signals to control the power transmission-related processing unit 2501 and other devices 2503.

[0642] When transmitting power, the power transmission-related processing unit 2501 outputs a wireless power transmission signal, which is output from the power transmission unit and / or the light-emitting unit 2502 as, for example, radio waves or light.

[0643] Other devices 2503 may, for example, have functions for transmitting and receiving for communication, and / or for transmitting signals for position estimation. However, a base station that transmits radio power transmission signals does not need to be equipped with other devices 2503.

[0644] The specific operational examples of base stations that transmit signals for wireless power transmission are as described above.

[0645] As a result, it becomes possible to charge appropriate devices and terminals. The terminal can then obtain detailed information on the charging area provided by base station #x1 of x01_1 and base station #x2 of x01_2, which allows the user to easily charge their terminal whenever they wish.

[0646] Furthermore, the terminal will be able to obtain detailed information about the charging area provided by base station #x1 of x01_1 and base station #x2 of x01_2 without having to communicate with the base stations.

[0647] In this embodiment, a base station that transmits wireless power transmission signals was used for the explanation, but the same implementation is possible even if the base station that transmits wireless power transmission signals is implemented as any of the following: "TRP, repeater, terminal, access point, broadcasting station, eNB (e Node B), gNB (g Node B) node, server, satellite, UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle), AGV (automated guided vehicle), etc." Therefore, the base station that transmits wireless power transmission signals in this embodiment may also be called "base station, TRP, repeater, terminal, access point, broadcasting station, eNB, gNB, node, server, satellite, drone, UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle), AGV (automated guided vehicle), etc." However, it is not limited to these.

[0648] Furthermore, although this embodiment was described using a terminal, the same implementation is possible even if the terminal is defined as any of the following: "mobile devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, laptops, personal computers, home appliances (household electrical appliances), factory equipment, IoT (Internet of Things) devices, etc., mobile devices such as cars (e.g., electric vehicles), bicycles (e.g., electric bicycles, electric-assist bicycles), motorcycles, ships, satellites, aircraft, drones, robots, etc.", UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles), or AGVs (automated guided vehicles). Therefore, the terminal in this embodiment may also be called "mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, laptops, personal computers, home appliances (household electrical appliances), factory equipment, IoT devices, etc., mobile devices such as those mentioned above," UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles), or AGVs (automated guided vehicles). However, it is not limited to these.

[0649] In this embodiment, wireless power transmission through communication between a base station and a terminal is described, but wireless power transmission through communication between a base station and a terminal using radio waves may also be used, or wireless power transmission through communication between a base station and a terminal using light. In this case, the base station, terminal, and other devices will be equipped with a light-emitting unit and a light-receiving unit instead of an antenna.

[0650] Furthermore, the base station that transmits the wireless power transmission signal may be a base station mounted on a moving device, such as a base station mounted on a drone (UAV) or a base station mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle.

[0651] In this embodiment, if there are multiple base stations, and each base station is considered a TRP, then the system can be considered a multiple-TRP system. Alternatively, multiple base stations or multiple TRPs may constitute a single device.

[0652] (Embodiment 5) Embodiments 1 to 3 described specific operational examples of how a terminal obtains a "certificate regarding the terminal's location" (authentication and approval information for the terminal's location) from a base station. This embodiment describes an example different from Embodiment 4, which describes a specific example in which a terminal controls itself, other devices, and information based on the "certificate regarding the terminal's location" (authentication and approval information for the terminal's location).

[0653] As shown in "Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H", "Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H", "Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, 10H", and "Figure 15A", it is assumed that a "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station" and a terminal exist.

[0654] As shown in Figures 20A, 20B, and 26, the terminal shall obtain a terminal location certificate and, based on the terminal location certificate, perform control of the terminal and / or control of other devices and / or control of information.

[0655] Since the operation of Figures 20A and 20B has already been explained, the explanation will be omitted here.

[0656] Let's explain Figure 26. As shown in Figure 26, the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" sends a location certificate to the terminal (2601). The terminal then obtains the location certificate (2611). The process of generating the terminal's location certificate is explained in other embodiments, so we will omit the explanation here.

[0657] The terminal shall then perform control of the terminal and / or other devices and / or information based on the terminal's location certificate (2612).

[0658] As shown in Figures 20A, 20B, and 26, we will describe an example of a terminal configuration in which a terminal location certificate is obtained, and based on the terminal location certificate, the terminal is controlled, and / or other devices are controlled, and / or information is controlled.

[0659] Figure 27A shows an example of the terminal configuration. In Figure 27A, components that operate similarly to those in Figure 24 are given the same numbers and have already been explained, so some explanations of their operation are omitted. The communication and position estimation processing unit 2406 processes the signal received by the antenna 2405, performing demodulation and other processing for communication, and outputs data. The communication and position estimation processing unit 2406 also takes the data as input, performs modulation and other processing for communication, outputs a signal, and outputs this signal as radio waves from the antenna 2405. The specific operation has already been explained, so the explanation is omitted.

[0660] The communication and position estimation processing unit 2406 performs position estimation processing on the signal received by the antenna 2405. The communication and position estimation processing unit 2406 also outputs a signal for position estimation, which is then output as a radio wave from the antenna 2405. The specific operation has already been explained, so a further explanation will be omitted.

[0661] The control unit 2407 outputs a control signal based on information obtained from the communication and location estimation-related processing unit 2406. For example, the control unit 2407 obtains a terminal location certificate from the communication and location estimation-related processing unit 2406 and outputs a control signal to control the operating unit 2701.

[0662] The operation of the operating unit 2701 will be controlled based on the control signal. Specific examples of operation will be explained later.

[0663] Figure 27B shows a different example of the terminal configuration from Figure 27A. Note that components operating similarly to those in Figure 24 are given the same numbers and have already been explained, therefore some explanations of their operation are omitted. The communication and position estimation processing unit 2406 processes the signal received by the antenna 2405, performing demodulation and other processing for communication, and outputs data. The communication and position estimation processing unit 2406 also takes the data as input, performs modulation and other processing for communication, outputs a signal, and outputs this signal as radio waves from the antenna 2405. Specific operations have already been explained, so the explanation is omitted here.

[0664] The communication and position estimation processing unit 2406 performs position estimation processing on the signal received by the antenna 2405. The communication and position estimation processing unit 2406 also outputs a signal for position estimation, which is then output as a radio wave from the antenna 2405. The specific operation has already been explained, so a further explanation will be omitted.

[0665] The control unit 2407 outputs control signals based on information obtained from the communication and location estimation-related processing unit 2406. For example, the control unit 2407 obtains a terminal location certificate from the communication and location estimation-related processing unit 2406 and outputs control signals to control "devices connected to the connection unit 2702".

[0666] The connection unit 2702 is connected to, for example, a device, and controls the "device connected to the connection unit 2702" based on control signals received from the control unit 2407. In this case, the connection between the device and the connection unit 2702 may be wireless or wired. A specific example of operation will be explained later.

[0667] Figure 27C shows an example of the terminal configuration that differs from Figures 27A and 27B. In Figure 27A, components that operate similarly to those in Figure 24 are given the same numbers and have already been explained, so some explanations of their operation are omitted. The communication and position estimation processing unit 2406 processes the signal received by the antenna 2405 for communication purposes, such as demodulation, and outputs data. The communication and position estimation processing unit 2406 also takes the data as input, processes it for communication purposes, such as modulation, and outputs a signal, which is then output as radio waves from the antenna 2405. The specific operation has already been explained, so the explanation is omitted.

[0668] The communication and position estimation processing unit 2406 performs position estimation processing on the signal received by the antenna 2405. The communication and position estimation processing unit 2406 also outputs a signal for position estimation, which is then output as a radio wave from the antenna 2405. The specific operation has already been explained, so a further explanation will be omitted.

[0669] The control unit 2407 outputs control signals based on information obtained from the communication and location estimation-related processing unit 2406. For example, the control unit 2407 obtains a terminal location certificate from the communication and location estimation-related processing unit 2406 and outputs control signals to control the operation unit 2701 and the "device connected to the connection unit 2702".

[0670] The control unit 2407 outputs a control signal based on information obtained from the communication and location estimation-related processing unit 2406. For example, the control unit 2407 obtains a terminal location certificate from the communication and location estimation-related processing unit 2406 and outputs a control signal to control the operating unit 2701.

[0671] The operation of the operating unit 2701 will be controlled based on the control signal. Specific examples of operation will be explained later.

[0672] The connection unit 2702 is connected to, for example, a device, and controls the "device connected to the connection unit 2702" based on control signals received from the control unit 2407. In this case, the connection between the device and the connection unit 2702 may be wireless or wired. A specific example of operation will be explained later.

[0673] The operating unit 2701 in Figures 27A and 27C is assumed to be a "camera, video camera, camcorder, mobile phone, smartphone, tablet, laptop, PC, personal computer, home appliance (household electrical appliance), drone, IoT (Internet of Things) device," etc., capable of capturing still images, videos, audio, etc. As explained above, the operating unit 2701 obtains a control signal based on the terminal's location certificate. Consequently, the operating unit 2701 becomes capable of capturing still images, videos, audio, etc. In other words, when the terminal's location certificate is obtained, it becomes possible to capture still images, videos, audio, etc. The operating unit 2701 then obtains the data of the "still images, videos, audio, etc." obtained in this way, as well as the terminal's location certificate data. The operating unit 2701 may have a storage unit, in which it may store the data of the "still images, videos, audio, etc." and the terminal's location certificate data. Furthermore, data such as still images, videos, and audio, as well as terminal location verification data, may be transmitted to other devices via the connection unit 2702 connected to the operating unit 2701. Note that the data such as still images, videos, and audio, and terminal location verification data may be separate data, or they may be configured as data such as still images, videos, and audio, which include terminal location verification data.

[0674] By doing so, it becomes possible to obtain data such as still images, videos, and audio, whose location accuracy has been proven.

[0675] Assume that the terminal in Figure 27B has the function of a key. Therefore, the terminal will transmit electronic key information (key information) to another device via the connection unit 2702. This device will then unlock or lock the lock based on the electronic key information (this may be unlocking or locking a physical key, or it may be a key that controls the operation of the device). The connection between the connection unit 2702 and the other device may be wired or wireless.

[0676] In this case, the electronic key information includes not only the key information but also data proving the location of the terminal. Other devices obtain the electronic key information, which includes the key information and the terminal location proof data, and the key is unlocked or locked. The method for obtaining the location proof data is explained in other embodiments, so the explanation is omitted here.

[0677] Assume that the terminal in Figure 27C has the function of a key. Therefore, the terminal will transmit electronic key information (key information) to another device via the connection unit 2702. This device will then unlock or lock the lock based on the electronic key information (this may be unlocking or locking a physical key, or it may be a key that controls the operation of the device). The connection between the connection unit 2702 and the other device may be wired or wireless.

[0678] In this case, the electronic key information includes not only the key information but also data proving the location of the terminal. Other devices obtain the electronic key information, which includes the key information and the terminal location proof data, and the key is unlocked or locked. The method for obtaining the location proof data is explained in other embodiments, so the explanation is omitted here.

[0679] The operation unit 2701 may generate key information and electronic key information including terminal location verification data. The operation unit 2701 may also generate control information for controlling other devices. The control information and location verification data are then transmitted to the other device via the connection unit 2702. The other device receives the control information and location verification data and, based on the location verification data, decides whether to perform the operation corresponding to the operation information contained in the control information.

[0680] By doing so, it is possible to generate key information whose accuracy of location information has been proven, resulting in the effect of increased key security.

[0681] The terminal in Figure 27A is assumed to have sensing capabilities. Therefore, the operating unit 2701 is assumed to have sensing capabilities that enable "detection of objects in the vicinity of the terminal, detection of the speed of movement of objects, detection of the acceleration of objects, measurement of temperature, measurement of humidity, measurement of weather and brightness, detection of light, and detection of sound."

[0682] The communication and position estimation processing unit 2406 then transmits the sensing data and position verification data obtained by the operating unit 2701 to other devices.

[0683] Other devices that obtain sensing data and location verification data will then obtain location-verified sensing data.

[0684] The terminal in Figure 27B is assumed to be connectable to a device that has sensing capabilities. The connection unit 2702 obtains sensing data from the device with sensing capabilities. The communication and position estimation related processing unit 2406 then transmits the sensing data and position verification data obtained from the device with sensing capabilities to another device.

[0685] Other devices that obtain sensing data and location verification data will then obtain location-verified sensing data.

[0686] The terminal in Figure 27C is assumed to have sensing capabilities. Therefore, the operating unit 2701 is assumed to have sensing capabilities that enable "detection of objects in the vicinity of the terminal, detection of the speed of movement of objects, detection of the acceleration of objects, measurement of temperature, measurement of humidity, measurement of weather and brightness, detection of light, and detection of sound."

[0687] The connection unit 2702 then transmits the sensing data and position verification data obtained by the operating unit 2701 to other devices.

[0688] Other devices that obtain sensing data and location verification data will then obtain location-verified sensing data.

[0689] By doing so, it is possible to generate sensing data whose accuracy of location information has been proven, resulting in the effect of improving the accuracy of the sensing data.

[0690] The terminal in Figure 27C is assumed to be connectable via the connection unit 2702 to mobile devices such as "cars (e.g., automobiles, electric vehicles, etc.), bicycles (e.g., electric bicycles, electric-assist bicycles, etc.), motorcycles (e.g., electric motorcycles, etc.), ships, satellites, aircraft, drones, and robots." The connection between the connection unit 2702 and the mobile device may be wired or wireless.

[0691] The operating unit 2701 generates information for controlling a movable device and transmits the information for controlling the movable device and position verification data to the movable device via the connection unit 2702.

[0692] A mobile device that has obtained information for controlling it and location verification data will have location-verified control information.

[0693] The terminals in Figures 27A and 27C are assumed to be connectable via the communication and position estimation-related processing unit 2406 to mobile devices such as "cars (e.g., automobiles, electric vehicles, etc.), bicycles (e.g., electric bicycles, electric-assist bicycles, etc.), motorcycles (e.g., electric motorcycles, etc.), ships, satellites, aircraft, drones, and robots."

[0694] The operating unit 2701 generates information for controlling a movable device and transmits this information and location verification data to the movable device via the communication and location estimation-related processing unit 2406.

[0695] A mobile device that has obtained information for controlling it and location verification data will have location-verified control information.

[0696] By doing so, it is possible to generate control information whose accuracy of location information has been verified, resulting in an improvement in the accuracy of the control information. Furthermore, since the terminal whose location information has been authenticated controls the mobile devices, it also results in an improvement in the security of the mobile devices.

[0697] In this embodiment, a base station was used for the explanation, but the same implementation is possible even if the base station is implemented as any of the following: "TRP, repeater, terminal, access point, broadcasting station, eNB (e Node B), gNB (g Node B) node, server, satellite, UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle), AGV (automated guided vehicle), etc." Therefore, the base station that transmits the wireless power transmission signal in this embodiment may also be called "base station, TRP, repeater, terminal, access point, broadcasting station, eNB, gNB, node, server, satellite, drone, UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle), AGV (automated guided vehicle), etc." However, it is not limited to these.

[0698] Furthermore, although this embodiment was described using a terminal, the same implementation is possible even if the terminal is defined as any of the following: "mobile devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, laptops, personal computers, home appliances (household electrical appliances), factory equipment, IoT (Internet of Things) devices, etc., mobile devices such as cars (e.g., electric vehicles), bicycles (e.g., electric bicycles, electric-assist bicycles), motorcycles, ships, satellites, aircraft, drones, robots, etc.", UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles), or AGVs (automated guided vehicles). Therefore, the terminal in this embodiment may also be called "mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, laptops, personal computers, home appliances (household electrical appliances), factory equipment, IoT devices, etc., mobile devices such as those mentioned above," UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles), or AGVs (automated guided vehicles). However, it is not limited to these.

[0699] In this embodiment, the location estimation of a terminal by communication between a base station and a terminal is described, but the location estimation of a terminal by wireless communication between a base station and a terminal using radio waves may also be used, or by wireless communication between a base station and a terminal using light. In this case, the base station, terminal, and other devices will be equipped with a light-emitting unit and a light-receiving unit instead of an antenna.

[0700] Furthermore, communication base stations may be base stations mounted on moving devices such as drones (UAVs) or unmanned aerial vehicles. Similarly, position estimation base stations may be base stations mounted on moving devices such as drones or unmanned aerial vehicles.

[0701] When communication base stations and position estimation base stations are mounted on mobile devices such as drones, unmanned aerial vehicles, UAVs, and AGVs, the location information of the base stations needs to be updated continuously.

[0702] In this specification, including this embodiment, the base station transmits location information that has been "location authenticated and approved" to the terminal, but the base station may also transmit to the terminal "information regarding the accuracy of location estimation and the reliability of location" along with the location information.

[0703] In this embodiment, if there are multiple base stations, and each base station is considered a TRP, then the system can be considered a multiple-TRP system. Alternatively, multiple base stations or multiple TRPs may constitute a single device.

[0704] (Embodiment 6) In other embodiments, it was stated that "when a communication base station or a position estimation base station is mounted on a moving device such as a drone or unmanned aerial vehicle, it is necessary to continuously update the position information of the base station." In this embodiment, an example of base station operation when a "moving device such as a drone or unmanned aerial vehicle" has the functions of a base station such as a "communication base station or a position estimation base station" will be described.

[0705] As shown in Figure 28A, base stations 2899, such as "communication base stations" and "position estimation base stations," receive signals transmitted by GNSS devices 2898 and perform position estimation. The configuration of base stations 2899, such as "communication base stations" and "position estimation base stations," at this time is shown in Figure 28B.

[0706] In Figure 28B, components that operate similarly to those in Figure 2B are given the same numbers, and explanations of parts that have already been described are omitted. The GNSS position estimation unit 2801 receives signals transmitted by the GNSS device 2898, estimates the location of the base station, and outputs position information 2802.

[0707] The location information storage unit 2803 receives location information 2802 as input and stores the location information. The location information storage unit 2803 also receives control signal 297 as input and outputs location information 2804 based on the control signal 297. An example of this operation will be explained below.

[0708] For example, when the communication and location estimation processing unit 283 performs terminal location estimation and terminal location authentication, as described in other embodiments, and base station location information is required, the location information storage unit 2803 outputs location information 2804. The communication and location estimation processing unit 283 then uses this location information 2804 to perform terminal location estimation and terminal location authentication.

[0709] Let's describe another example of base station operation. As shown in Figure 28C, a base station 2899, such as a "communication base station" or "position estimation base station," may receive signals transmitted by device 2897 and perform position estimation. Alternatively, a base station 2899, such as a "communication base station" or "position estimation base station," may obtain base station position information from device 2897. For example, device 2897 may be an LMF or an AMF.

[0710] Figure 28D shows the configuration of the base stations 2899, including "communication base stations and location estimation base stations," at this time.

[0711] In Figure 28D, components that operate similarly to those in Figure 28B are given the same numbers, and parts that have already been explained are omitted from the explanation. The position information storage unit 2803 may receive the signal 2811 from the device 2897 as input, perform position estimation, and store the position information. Alternatively, the position information storage unit 2803 may store the position information contained in the signal 2811 received from the device 2897. Furthermore, the position information storage unit 2803 receives the control signal 297 as input and outputs position information 2804 based on the control signal 297. An example of this operation will be explained.

[0712] For example, when the communication and location estimation processing unit 283 performs terminal location estimation and terminal location authentication, as described in other embodiments, and base station location information is required, the location information storage unit 2803 outputs location information 2804. The communication and location estimation processing unit 283 then uses this location information 2804 to perform terminal location estimation and terminal location authentication.

[0713] By doing so, the base station can use its own location information when estimating and authenticating the location of a device. As a result, even if the base station moves, it can continuously update its own location information, which allows for more accurate device location estimation and authentication.

[0714] When a "moving device such as a drone or unmanned aerial vehicle" has the functions of a base station, such as a "communication base station or position estimation base station," the configuration and operation of the base station are not limited to the above description. Any configuration is acceptable as long as the base station, such as a "communication base station or position estimation base station," can sequentially update its own position information.

[0715] In this embodiment, if there are multiple base stations, and each base station is considered a TRP, then the system can be considered a multiple-TRP system. Alternatively, multiple base stations or multiple TRPs may constitute a single device.

[0716] (Embodiment 7) Embodiments 1 to 3 described specific operational examples of how a terminal obtains a "certificate regarding the terminal's location" (authentication and approval information for the terminal's location) from a base station. This embodiment describes an example different from Embodiments 4 and 5, in which the terminal controls itself, other devices, and information based on the "certificate regarding the terminal's location" (authentication and approval information for the terminal's location).

[0717] As shown in "Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H", "Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H", "Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, 10H", and "Figure 15A", it is assumed that a "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station" and a terminal exist.

[0718] Figure 29A shows the relationship between a system including a "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station" and a terminal.

[0719] Terminal 2901 communicates with system 2902 and performs exchanges such as location estimation. In this case, system 2902 is assumed to include a "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station".

[0720] Figure 29B shows a specific configuration example of the relationship between the system and terminals, including the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" shown in Figure 29A. In Figure 29B, components that operate in the same way as in Figure 29A are given the same numbers.

[0721] The system 2902 in Figure 29A includes "base station #1 of 2921_1, base station #2 of 2921_2, ...", "sensing device #1 of 2911_1, sensing device #2 of 2911_2, ...", and device 2999.

[0722] In Figure 29B, "Base station #1 of 2921_1, base station #2 of 2921_2, ..." are "communication base stations and / or base stations for location estimation," and as described in other embodiments, terminal 2901 communicates with "Base station #1 of 2921_1, base station #2 of 2921_2, ..." to perform terminal location authentication and authorization and obtain a location certificate. The specific operation of this has already been explained, so the explanation will be omitted here.

[0723] "Sensing device #1 of 2911_1, sensing device #2 of 2911_2, ..." are sensing devices for detecting terminal 2901 and / or the user using terminal 2901.

[0724] "Sensing device #1 of 2911_1, sensing device #2 of 2911_2, ..." can be any type of sensing device, such as an image-based sensing device, a radio wave-based sensing device, or a light-based sensing device. Furthermore, "Sensing device #1 of 2911_1, sensing device #2 of 2911_2, ..." may also detect terminals other than terminal 2901, and / or users.

[0725] Furthermore, it is assumed that device 2999 exchanges information with "base station #1 of 2921_1, base station #2 of 2921_2, ...", "sensing device #1 of 2911_1, sensing device #2 of 2911_2, ...".

[0726] For example, "Sensing device #1 of 2911_1, sensing device #2 of 2911_2, ..." transmits detected data of "terminal 2901 and / or the user using terminal 2901" to device 2999. Therefore, device 2999 will recognize that "terminal 2901 and / or the user using terminal 2901" are within the detectable range of "Sensing device #1 of 2911_1, sensing device #2 of 2911_2, ...".

[0727] Furthermore, "base station #1 of 2921_1, base station #2 of 2921_2, ..." shall obtain location certificate (location authentication, authorization) information for "terminal 2901 and / or the user using terminal 2901" and provide this location certificate (location authentication, authorization) information for "terminal 2901 and / or the user using terminal 2901" to device 2999.

[0728] The device 2999 then obtains the detected data of "terminal 2901 and / or the user using terminal 2901" and location certificate (location authentication, authorization) information of "terminal 2901 and / or the user using terminal 2901". Based on this, it determines that "terminal 2901 and / or the user using terminal 2901" are terminals and users that are permitted to exist in the monitored area.

[0729] As another example, suppose that "sensing device #1 of 2911_1, sensing device #2 of 2911_2, ..." transmits detected data of "terminal A, which is different from terminal 2901, and / or a user using terminal A" to device 2999. Therefore, device 2999 will recognize that "terminal A, and / or a user using terminal A" is within the detectable range of "sensing device #1 of 2911_1, sensing device #2 of 2911_2, ...".

[0730] Furthermore, it is assumed that "base station #1 of 2921_1, base station #2 of 2921_2, ..." do not have location certificate (location authentication, authorization) information for "terminal A and / or the user using terminal A". Therefore, device 2999 does not have location certificate (location authentication, authorization) information for "terminal A and / or the user using terminal A".

[0731] Therefore, device 2999 determines that "Terminal A, and / or the user using Terminal A" are not able to prove their location (location authentication, authorization), and that in the monitored area, "Terminal A, and / or the user using Terminal A" are "a terminal and user that should not exist" and / or "a terminal and user that is being monitored."

[0732] By doing this, it becomes possible to change the control of the device depending on whether or not a location certificate is present.

[0733] The system configuration in this embodiment is not limited to the configurations shown in Figures 29A and 29B, and other devices besides the base station, terminal, sensing device, and device 2999 may be present in the system. Furthermore, a device different from the sensing device may provide information about the terminal to device 2999, and device 2999 may perform operations based on the information about the terminal and the presence or absence of a terminal location certificate.

[0734] In this embodiment, a base station was used for the explanation, but the same implementation is possible even if the base station is implemented as any of the following: "TRP, repeater, terminal, access point, broadcasting station, eNB (e Node B), gNB (g Node B) node, server, satellite, UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle), AGV (automated guided vehicle), etc." Therefore, the base station that transmits the wireless power transmission signal in this embodiment may also be called "base station, TRP, repeater, terminal, access point, broadcasting station, eNB, gNB, node, server, satellite, drone, UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle), AGV (automated guided vehicle), etc." However, it is not limited to these.

[0735] Furthermore, although this embodiment was described using a terminal, the same implementation is possible even if the terminal is defined as any of the following: "mobile devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, laptops, personal computers, home appliances (household electrical appliances), factory equipment, IoT (Internet of Things) devices, etc., mobile devices such as cars (e.g., electric vehicles), bicycles (e.g., electric bicycles, electric-assist bicycles), motorcycles, ships, satellites, aircraft, drones, robots, etc.", UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles), or AGVs (automated guided vehicles). Therefore, the terminal in this embodiment may also be called "mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, laptops, personal computers, home appliances (household electrical appliances), factory equipment, IoT devices, etc., mobile devices such as those mentioned above," UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles), or AGVs (automated guided vehicles). However, it is not limited to these.

[0736] In this embodiment, the terminal's position estimation through communication between the base station and the terminal may be performed wirelessly using radio waves, or wirelessly using light. In this case, the base station, terminal, and other devices will be equipped with a light-emitting unit and a light-receiving unit instead of an antenna.

[0737] Furthermore, communication base stations may be base stations mounted on moving devices such as drones (UAVs) or unmanned aerial vehicles. Similarly, position estimation base stations may be base stations mounted on moving devices such as drones or unmanned aerial vehicles.

[0738] When communication base stations and position estimation base stations are mounted on mobile devices such as drones, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and AGVs, the base station's position information will be updated continuously.

[0739] In this specification, including this embodiment, the base station transmits location information that has been "location authenticated and approved" to the terminal, but the base station may also transmit to the terminal "information regarding the accuracy of location estimation and the reliability of location" along with the location information.

[0740] In this embodiment, if there are multiple base stations, and each base station is considered a TRP, then the system can be considered a multiple-TRP system. Alternatively, multiple base stations or multiple TRPs may constitute a single device.

[0741] (Embodiment 8) Embodiments 1 to 3 described specific operational examples of how a terminal obtains a "certificate regarding the terminal's location" (authentication and approval information for the terminal's location) from a base station. In this embodiment, we will describe an embodiment in which terminal authentication is performed in conjunction with "terminal location estimation" and "certificate regarding the terminal's location" (authentication and approval information for the terminal's location).

[0742] As shown in "Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H", "Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H", "Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, 10H", and "Figure 15A", it is assumed that a "communication base station and / or a location estimation base station" and a terminal exist. The examples of "terminal location estimation" and "certificates related to terminal location" (authentication and approval information for terminal location) by the "communication base station and / or location estimation base station" and the terminal have already been explained, so the explanation is omitted here.

[0743] The following sections will describe examples of device authentication.

[0744] Figure 30 shows an example of the external appearance of a terminal. In Figure 30, the back of the main body of terminal 3000 is assumed to contain object 3001. Although object 3001 is assumed to be located on the back of the main body of terminal 3000, it is not limited to this location. Furthermore, object 3001 may or may not be detachable from the main body of terminal 3000. However, if authentication for identifying the terminal is performed by another device, it is preferable that object 3001 not be detachable from the main body of terminal 3000.

[0745] Object 3001 is assumed to have the shape shown in Figure 30. Furthermore, object 3001 is composed of material A: 70%, material B: 20%, and material C: 10%. In this case, the composition of object 3001 with material A: 70%, material B: 20%, and material C: 10% can be any method. For example, object 3001 may be composed so that material A: 70%, material B: 20%, and material C: 10% are more uniform.

[0746] Alternatively, one may be described as "forming one or more shapes using substance A, forming one or more shapes using substance B, and forming one or more shapes using substance C." The method of construction is not limited to these examples.

[0747] A terminal different from terminal 3000 shown in Figure 30 may have an object with a different shape from object 3001. In other words, the shape of the object may be set for each object that a terminal has.

[0748] Furthermore, the object in question may contain substances different from "substance A, substance B, and substance C." In other words, the substances contained may be set for each object possessed by the terminal. Also, the content (or proportion) of each substance may be set for each object possessed by the terminal.

[0749] Figure 31A shows an example of the relationship between a "terminal" and a "base station related to terminal authentication." In addition to the "terminal" and the "base station related to terminal authentication," there may also be a "communication base station" and a "location estimation base station." In this case, the "terminal," "communication base station," and "location estimation base station" may perform the terminal's location estimation and the authentication (approval) of the terminal's location. Furthermore, terminal 3102 is assumed to have the object 3001 shown in Figure 30 as an example.

[0750] Base station #Y1 of 3101_1 transmits radio waves in the direction of terminal 3102. Then, base station #Y1 of 3101_1 in Figure 31A receives the radio waves reflected by, for example, object 3001 in Figure 30 of terminal 3102.

[0751] Base station #Y1 of 3101_1 analyzes and processes the received signal to estimate the shape of object 3001, the substances it contains, and the quantities of each substance. Based on the shape of object 3001, the substances it contains, and the quantities of each substance, base station #Y1 of 3101_1 performs "terminal identification and authentication," "user identification and authentication," and "object identification and authentication." The detailed operation will be explained later.

[0752] Furthermore, there may be multiple devices that transmit and receive signals (detecting substances, estimating the quantity of substances, estimating the shape of substances). Therefore, there may be base stations other than base station #Y1 of 3101_1 that transmit and receive signals (detecting substances, estimating the quantity of substances, estimating the shape of substances). Also, multiple base stations may constitute a single device.

[0753] Figure 31B shows an example of the relationship between a "terminal" and a "base station related to terminal authentication." In Figure 31B, components that operate similarly to those in Figure 31A are given the same number. In addition to the "terminal" and the "base station related to terminal authentication," there may also be a "communication base station" and a "location estimation base station." In this case, the "terminal," "communication base station," and "location estimation base station" may perform the processing of terminal location estimation and terminal location authentication (approval). For example, terminal 3102 is assumed to be equipped with object 3001 as shown in Figure 30.

[0754] Base station #Y1 of 3101_1 transmits radio waves in the direction of terminal 3102. Then, base station #Y2 of 3101_2 in Figure 31B receives the radio waves reflected by, for example, object 3001 in Figure 30 of terminal 3102.

[0755] Base station #Y2 of 3101_2 analyzes and processes the received signal to estimate the shape of object 3001, the substances it contains, and the quantities of each substance. Based on the shape of object 3001, the substances it contains, and the quantities of each substance, base station #Y2 of 3101_2 performs "terminal identification and authentication," "user identification and authentication," and "object identification and authentication." The detailed operation will be explained later.

[0756] Furthermore, there may be multiple devices that transmit signals. Therefore, there may be base stations that transmit signals other than base station #Y1 of 3101_1. Also, there may be multiple devices that receive signals. Therefore, there may be base stations that receive signals (detecting substances, estimating the amount of substances, estimating the shape of substances) other than base station #Y2 of 3101_2.

[0757] Alternatively, base stations #Y1 of 3101_1 and #Y2 of 3101_2 in Figure 31B may constitute a single device. Therefore, multiple base stations may constitute a single device.

[0758] In Figures 31A and 31B, the number of base stations transmitting radio waves to the terminal 3102 is shown as one, but there may be two or more.

[0759] Furthermore, in Figure 31A, the number of base stations receiving the radio waves reflected from object 3001 in Figure 30 is shown as one, but there may be two or more. Similarly, in Figure 31B, the number of base stations receiving the radio waves reflected from object 3001 in Figure 30 is shown as one, but there may be two or more.

[0760] While terahertz waves can be used as radio waves in Figures 31A and 31B, other frequencies may also be used. Furthermore, light can be used instead of radio waves.

[0761] Figure 32A shows an example of the configuration of base station #Y1 of 3101_1 and base station #Y2 of 3101_2 in Figures 31A and 31B.

[0762] The control unit 3200 outputs control signals to control the "communication and / or location estimation-related processing unit 3201" and the "processing unit 3203 for terminal state estimation".

[0763] The "communication and / or position estimation-related processing unit 3201" is the part that performs processing for communication and / or position estimation. Note that the detailed operation is described in other embodiments, so the explanation is omitted here.

[0764] The processing unit 3203 for estimating the state of the terminal is a processing unit that performs "terminal identification and authentication," "user identification and authentication," and "object identification and authentication" using objects possessed by the terminal, as explained in Figures 31A and 31B.

[0765] For example, if base station #Y1 of 3101_1 in Figure 31A has the configuration shown in Figure 32A, the terminal state estimation processing unit 3203 performs processing to transmit radio waves and transmits a signal for object estimation from the antenna unit 3204. The antenna unit 3204 then receives the radio waves reflected by the object, and the terminal state estimation processing unit 3203 analyzes and processes the received signal to estimate the shape of object 3001, the substances it contains, and the amount of each substance. Based on the shape of object 3001, the substances it contains, and the amount of each substance, the terminal state estimation processing unit 3203 performs "terminal identification and authentication," "user identification and authentication," and "object identification and authentication."

[0766] If base station #Y1 of 3101_1 in Figure 31B has the configuration shown in Figure 32, the processing unit 3203 for terminal state estimation performs processing to transmit radio waves and transmits a signal for object estimation from the antenna unit 3204. Then, if base station #Y2 of 3101_2 in Figure 31B has the configuration shown in Figure 32, the antenna unit 3204 of base station #Y2 of 3101_2 receives radio waves reflected from the object, and the processing unit 3203 for terminal state estimation analyzes and processes the received signal to estimate the shape of object 3001, the substances it contains, and the amount of each substance. Based on the shape of object 3001, the substances it contains, and the amount of each substance, the processing unit 3203 for terminal state estimation performs "terminal identification and authentication," "user identification and authentication," and "object identification and authentication."

[0767] Note that the base station does not necessarily have to be equipped with the "communication and / or location estimation-related processing unit 3201" shown in Figure 32A. In this case, the base station performs "terminal identification and authentication," "user identification and authentication," and "object identification and authentication" based on, for example, the shape of the object equipped with the terminal, the substances it contains, and the amount of each substance.

[0768] While the explanation has focused on the "detection and / or quantity estimation" of substances by terminals and base stations, terminals and base stations may also be used to detect and estimate the location of substances, detect and estimate the movement of substances, and detect and estimate the external shape of substances.

[0769] In the above explanation, the example given was that the terminal possesses an object, but this is not the only example. A terminal possessing an object may also possess communication functions and / or position estimation functions. The configuration of a terminal possessing communication functions and / or position estimation functions has already been explained, so the explanation will be omitted here.

[0770] An object may exist independently, or a terminal or other device may possess an object. In this case, 3000 in Figure 30 may be another device. Also, 3000 and 3001 in Figure 30 may be objects, or 3001 may be an object.

[0771] While it was explained that "base stations perform terminal identification and authentication, user identification and authentication, and object identification and authentication based on the shape of the object, the substances it contains, and the amount of each substance," this is not the only way. Base stations and other devices may also perform ID (identification) authentication of "users, terminals, devices, etc." through object identification and authentication. Furthermore, object identification and authentication may be a key (physical, and / or electronic, and / or cryptographic, and / or digital), and the key may be used to unlock and lock (this key may be a physical key for unlocking and locking, a key for controlling the operation of a device, or it may be a cryptographic key).

[0772] Further explanation is provided below. Figure 32B shows an example of a base station that performs object detection differently from Figures 31A and 31B. As shown in Figure 32B, base station #Y1 of 3291_1 transmits radio waves in the direction of object 3292. Then, base station #Y1 of 3291_1 receives the radio waves reflected by object 3292.

[0773] Base station #Y1 of 3291_1 analyzes and processes the received signal to estimate the shape of object 3292, the substances it contains, and the quantities of each substance. The detailed operation will be explained later.

[0774] Furthermore, there may be multiple devices that transmit and receive signals (detecting substances, estimating the quantity of substances, estimating the shape of substances). Therefore, there may be base stations other than base station #Y1 of 3291_1 that transmit and receive signals (detecting substances, estimating the quantity of substances, estimating the shape of substances). Also, multiple base stations may constitute a single device.

[0775] Figure 32C shows an example of a base station that performs object detection differently from Figures 31A and 31B. As shown in Figure 32C, base station #Y1 of 3291_1 transmits radio waves in the direction of object 3292. Then, base station #Y2 of 3291_2 receives the radio waves reflected by object 3292.

[0776] Base station #Y2 of 3291_2 analyzes and processes the received signal to estimate the shape of object 3292, the substances it contains, and the quantities of each substance. The detailed operation will be explained later.

[0777] Furthermore, there may be multiple devices that transmit signals. Therefore, there may be base stations that transmit signals other than base station #Y1 of 3291_1. Also, there may be multiple devices that receive signals. Therefore, there may be base stations that receive signals (detecting substances, estimating the amount of substances, estimating the shape of substances) other than base station #Y2 of 3291_2.

[0778] Alternatively, base stations #Y1 of 3291_1 and #Y2 of 3291_2 in Figure 32C may constitute a single device. Therefore, multiple base stations may constitute a single device.

[0779] As shown in Figures 31A, 31B, 32B, and 32C, in order to estimate the shape,...

Claims

An approval unit obtains location information of the terminal, determines whether the location information is correct, and outputs information of the determination result regarding whether the location information is correct. An antenna unit that transmits the determination result to the terminal, A communication system device equipped with this device. 　 The approval unit compares the first location information of the terminal obtained through communication between the terminal and the GNSS device with the second location information of the terminal obtained through location estimation by the terminal and the communication system device or the third device, and determines whether the location information is correct. A communication system device according to claim 1. 　 If the determination result indicates that the location information is correct, the antenna unit transmits information to the terminal that proves the terminal's location. A communication system device according to claim 1. 　 An antenna unit that transmits time information obtained during position estimation using GNSS and third location information of the terminal to a communication system device, A processing unit that communicates with the aforementioned communication system device or a third device and performs processing for estimating the location of the terminal, Equipped with, The antenna unit receives signals transmitted by the communication system device and obtains information indicating that the location information has been approved. Terminal. 　 Using the information indicating that the location information has been approved, the terminal and / or other devices and / or information are controlled. The terminal according to claim 4. 　 The terminal obtains charging area information for charging the terminal using the information indicating that the location information has been approved. The terminal according to claim 4.

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