Method of measuring retinal sensitivity

Abstract

The present disclosure is related to a method of measuring retinal sensitivity of a subject, the method comprising shining a plurality of lights sequentially one at a time at a predetermined configuration of test points. Each test point corresponds to a location in a visual field of the subject. The method also comprises recording a response by the subject when the subject sees one of the plurality of lights. The test points are more concentrated towards a center of the predetermined configuration and become less concentrated towards an outer perimeter of the predetermined configuration.

Description

TITLE

[0001] Method of Measuring Retinal SensitivityCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 736,901 filed on December 20, 2024, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present disclosure generally relates to a method of measuring retinal sensitivity. Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a method of using and programing the static perimetry machine to output test stimuli in locations of interest.SUMMARY

[0004] The present disclosure is related to a method of measuring retinal sensitivity of a subject, the method comprising shining a plurality of lights sequentially one at a time at a predetermined configuration of test points, each test point corresponding to a location in a visual field of the subject; and recording a response by the subject when the subject sees one of the plurality of lights, wherein the test points are more concentrated towards a center of the predetermined configuration and become less concentrated towards an outer perimeter of the predetermined configuration.

[0005] In some embodiments, the test points are more concentrated in a temporal region of the subject’s visual field relative to a nasal region of the subject’s visual field. In some embodiments, the method further comprises selectively activating and deactivating the lights at the test points by a controller in communication with a light source that is configured to program the light source. In some embodiments, the test points are arranged in a circular pattern with angular intervals of 15 degrees. In some embodiments, the test points are positioned according to the coordinates specified in Table 1. In some embodiments, the method further comprises varying intensity, size, and / or duration of the lights. In some embodiments, the method further comprises aligning the center of the predetermined configuration with a fovea of the subject.

[0006] In some embodiments, the method further comprises treating an inherited retinal disease in the subject in need thereof, optionally, wherein the inherited retinal disease is aprimary photoreceptor disease such as retinitis pigmentosa, Usher syndrome, cone-rod disease, rod-cone disease, cone dystrophy, or cone-rod dystrophy.

[0007] In some embodiments, the method further comprises administering an amount of a therapeutic composition, optionally comprising photoreceptor precursor cells, to the subject’s retina, optionally a subretinal space in a specific administration area of an eye of the subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the method further comprises measuring for an improvement or reduction in retinal sensitivity of the subject in need thereof by a static perimetry machine after treatment, by repeating steps (a) and (b) of claim 1.

[0008] In some embodiments, there are at least 13 test points located within the administration area. In some embodiments, there are a total of 78 test points. In some embodiments, the test points are unevenly spaced apart from the center of the circular pattern to the outer perimeter of the circular pattern, wherein the outer perimeter of the circular pattern is 40 degrees from the center of the circular pattern. In some embodiments, there are a total of 42 test points from the center of the circular pattern out to 30 degrees. In some embodiments, there are a total of 36 test points from 30 degrees on the circular pattern to 40 degrees on the circular pattern. In some embodiments, the method further comprises analyzing responses of the subject to the lights and determining regions of suboptimal sensitivity.

[0009] The present disclosure is also related to a method of measuring retinal sensitivity of a subject, the method comprising shining a plurality of lights sequentially one at a time at predetermined test points of a subject’s eye, each test point corresponding to a location in a visual field of the subject; and recording a response by the subject when the subject sees one of the plurality of lights, wherein the test points are more concentrated towards a center of the predetermined test points and become less concentrated towards an outer perimeter of the predetermined test points, and wherein the method is performed using a static perimetry machine, the static perimetry machine comprising a light source; and a controller in communication with the light source that is configured to program the light source to selectively activate and deactivate the lights at the test points. In some embodiments, the test points are more concentrated in a temporal region of the subject’s visual field relative to a nasal region of the subject’s visual field.

[0010] The present disclosure is also related to a method of measuring retinal sensitivity of a subject, the method comprising shining a plurality of lights sequentially one at a time at a predetermined configuration of test points, each test point corresponding to a location in a visual field of the subject; and recording a response by the subject when the subject sees one of the plurality of lights, wherein the test points are more concentrated in a temporal region of the subject’s visual field relative to a nasal region of the subject’s visual field. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from, is suspected to suffer from, or is at risk of suffering from a retinal disease, optionally, an inherited retinal disease, and wherein the inherited retinal disease is a primary photoreceptor disease such as retinitis pigmentosa, Usher syndrome, cone-rod disease, rod-cone disease, cone dystrophy, or cone-rod dystrophy.

[0011] The present disclosure is also related to a static perimetry machine comprising a non- transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions which, when executed by a processor shines a plurality of lights sequentially one at a time at a predetermined configuration of test points of a subject’s eye, each test point corresponding to a location in a visual field of the subject; and records a response by the subject when the subject sees one of the plurality of lights, wherein the test points are more concentrated towards a center of the predetermined configuration and become less concentrated towards an outer perimeter of the predetermined configuration. In some embodiments, the static perimetry machine further comprises a light source; and a controller in communication with the light source that is configured to program the light source to selectively activate and deactivate the plurality of lights at the test points.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description of embodiments of the method of measuring retinal sensitivity and the static perimetry machine will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings of exemplary embodiments. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.

[0013] In the drawings:

[0014] Fig. 1 is a graphical representation of the configuration of test points used with a static perimetry machine of the prior art;

[0015] Fig. 2 is perspective view a subject using an eye measurement device representative of a static perimetry machine in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0016] Fig. 3 is a zoomed in illustration showing the planned administration area in an eye of a subject;

[0017] Fig. 4 is a graphical representation of test points displayed on an image of the subject’s eye in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0018] Fig. 5 is the graphical representation of test points of Fig. 4 shown with a reference grid and the image of the subject’s eye omitted;

[0019] Fig. 6 is a graphical representation of test points to be programmed in a static perimetry machine in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0020] Fig. 7 is a graphical representation of test points to be programmed in a static perimetry machine in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Static perimetry is a type of visual field testing used in ophthalmology and optometry to assess a subject’s visual field. An example of a device similar to a static perimetry testing machine or static perimetry machine 100 is shown in Fig 2. The static perimetry machine 100 can be used to detect areas of vision loss or impairment, which can be indicative of various eye conditions, such as glaucoma, retinal disorders, or neurological diseases. Static perimetry may be used to measure visual sensitivity in different parts of the eye. In static perimetry, the patient, or subject, focuses on a central fixation point 101 while small light stimuli (targets) are presented at different locations in the subject’s peripheral visual field. The brightness or intensity of the stimuli may vary, and the patient is asked to respond (usually by pressing a button, raising a hand, or verbally indicating) when they perceive the stimulus.

[0022] Referring to the figures in detail, there is shown in Figs. 4-7 graphical representations of a plurality of test points which can be programmed by a user of a static perimetry machine 100, wherein each test point corresponds to a location in the subject’s visual field. The graphical representations may be used in reports and / or displayed as a user interface on a display screen remotely connected to the static perimetry machine. The static perimetry machine 100 can beprogrammed to test a visual field with these specific configurations of test points. The test point configurations described herein may be utilized for both dark-adapted and light-adapted static perimetry tests.

[0023] Dark-adapted perimetry is used to evaluate the function of the retina under low-light conditions, primarily testing the rod cells. Rods are photoreceptors responsible for vision in dim light (scotopic vision). This test evaluates peripheral vision and sensitivity in low-light environments, making it particularly useful for detecting early stages of retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa, where rod function is often impaired before the cones (responsible for color and central vision) are affected. The patient is placed under dark conditions (e.g., darkened room or patched eyes) to allow their rods to adapt prior to beginning the test.

[0024] Light-adapted perimetry tests the function of the retina under well-lit conditions, primarily assessing the cone cells responsible for color vision and sharp central vision (photopic vision). This test evaluates central vision and visual sensitivity under lighted conditions. It is used to assess diseases affecting the central retina, such as macular degeneration or diabetic maculopathy, where cone function may be compromised.

[0025] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods of measuring retinal sensitivity of a subject and configurations of a static perimetry machine 100. The method may include shining a plurality of lights sequentially one at a time at a predetermined configuration of test points, each test point corresponding to a location in the subject’s visual field, and recording a response by the subject when the subject sees one of the plurality of lights, wherein the test points are more concentrated towards a center of the predetermined configuration and become less concentrated towards an outer perimeter of the predetermined configuration. See Example 1 and Table 1 for an exemplary test point configuration. See also Fig. 4, which is a Fundus Autofluorescence (FAF) image illustrating an exemplary configuration displayed on an image of the subject’s eye. FAF is a non-invasive imaging technique of the retina that utilizes the fluorescent properties of lipofuscin within the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) to create an image.

[0026] In some embodiments, the method further includes selectively activating and deactivating the lights at the test points by a controller in communication with a light source that is configured to program the light source. In some embodiments, the test points are arranged in a circular pattern with angular intervals of 15 degrees.

[0027] In some embodiments, the method further includes varying intensity, size, and / or duration of a stimulus (e.g., lights). The stimulus may be a collection of pixels on a TFT (Thin- Film Transistor) monitor. The test points may light up various pixels on the screen with varying intensities and sizes. In some embodiments, the stimulus may be a single light or a collection of lights, such as Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). The stimulus size may vary from about 0.11° to about 1.72°. The stimulus intensity may vary from about 0 dB to 40 dB. The stimulus duration may vary from about 100 milliseconds to about 500 milliseconds. The stimulus can be varied in intensity at each test point. For example, the stimulus could light up at the lowest intensity at a specific test point and then progress with increasing intensities and / or durations at that test point before moving to another test point (e.g., 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more increasing steps of intensity). If the subject does not respond to the initial light stimulus, the intensity of the light can be gradually increased in small, controlled steps. The increase in intensity may continue until the subject perceives the light and responds. Once the subject identifies the light at a certain intensity level, the subject or a human or computer observer can record their response (e.g., by pressing a button or giving an auditory response or using a sensor) and this intensity can be recorded. The process may be repeated at all of the test points to build a comprehensive map of the subject’s visual sensitivity.

[0028] In some embodiments, the method further includes aligning the center of the predetermined configuration with the center of a fovea of the subject. In some embodiments, the method further includes treating an inherited retinal disease in the subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the method further includes administering an amount of a composition comprising photoreceptor precursor cells to a subretinal space in a specific administration area of an eye of the subject in need thereof. See, for example, the dashed circles in Figs. 4 (104) and 6(105) illustrating the planned administration area with various test point configurations. Each of Figs. 4-7 illustrate a new iteration of a test point configuration with more test points concentrated towards a center of the eye of a subject. As shown in the configuration of Figs. 4 and 5, the test points near the nasal side of the eye may be shifted towards the center of the eye to optimize test point density in the planned administration area, while the test points in the inferior and superior regions of the eye remain symmetrical. In some embodiments, the method further includes measuring an improvement in retinal sensitivity of the subject in need thereof by the static perimetry machine 100 after treatment.

[0029] One application associated with the present disclosure concerns methods of treating inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) using photoreceptor precursor (PRP) cells. The terms “inherited retinal disease” or “IRD” refer to a clinically and genetically diverse group of disorders characterized by outer retina degeneration and / or dysfunction. The IRDs may be a primary photoreceptor disease such as retinitis pigmentosa, Usher syndrome, cone-rod disease, rod-cone disease, cone dystrophy, or cone-rod dystrophy. IRDs may involve impaired or complete loss of function of photoreceptor cells, leading to irreversible blindness. Some IRDs may be non- syndromic and affect only the eyes, whereas others may be considered syndromic, affecting the eyes as well as other organs. In some embodiments, “treatment” or “treating” refers to administration of a composition comprising one or more therapeutic substances into the retina of a subject’s eye. A therapeutic substance may be a small molecule, biologic (e.g., a protein, peptide, or nucleic acid; a gene therapy; or a cell therapy). In some embodiments, a composition comprising a cell therapy comprises one or more retina-related cells, e.g., photoreceptors and / or precursors thereof, retinal pigment epithelial cells and / or progenitors thereof, or ganglion cells and / or progenitors thereof. In some embodiments, treatment is performed by administering a therapeutic composition, optionally comprising photoreceptor precursor cells, to the subject’s retina, optionally into the subretinal space of the subject’s eye.

[0030] When treating IRDs, the administration area is focused above a patient’s fovea (see the planned bleb area 103 in Fig. 3). The treatment may be focused in the superotemporal retina or the region of the retina located in the upper (superior) and outer (temporal) part of the eye. Therefore, it is beneficial to have more test points within the bleb area, rather than equally distributed across the entire eye. Focusing the test points in areas of importance allows the length of the static perimetry test to remain as short as possible for the patient, while also obtaining as much data as possible in areas of interest.

[0031] In known static perimetry tests, the test points are typically equally distributed across the subject’s eye, as shown in Fig. 1. In Fig. 1, there are a total of four test points within the planned administration area 102. This differs from Fig. 4 where there is a higher concentration of test points within the planned administration area 104 (at least 13 points). Fig. 6 illustrates the difference between the test point configuration of Fig. 1 (open circles) and a new iteration of a test point configuration (solid circles) with a higher concentration of test points towards the center. With the test point configuration of Fig. 1 (open circles), there were only four test pointswithin the planned administration area 102. With the new iteration of a test point configuration (solid circles), there Eire 15 test points in the planned administration area 104 or 105.

[0032] In some embodiments, there are at least 13 test points located within the planned administration area. In some embodiments, there are a total of 78 test points. In some embodiments, the test points are unevenly spaced apart from the center of the circular pattern to the outer perimeter of the circular pattern, wherein the outer perimeter of the circular pattern is 40 degrees from the center of the circular pattern. In some embodiments, there are a total of 42 test points from the center of the circular pattern out to 30 degrees. In some embodiments, there are a total of 36 test points from 30 degrees on the circular pattern to 40 degrees on the circular pattern.

[0033] In some embodiments, the method further includes analyzing, with the processor, responses of the subject to the stimuli and determining regions of improved or reduced retinal sensitivity.

[0034] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a static perimetry machine 100 comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computerexecutable instructions which, when executed by a processor, shines a plurality of lights sequentially one at a time at a predetermined configuration of test points of the subject’s eye, each test point corresponding to a location in the subject’s visual field; and records a response by the subject when the subject sees one of the plurality of lights, wherein the test points are more concentrated towards a center of the predetermined configuration and become less concentrated towards an outer perimeter of the predetermined configuration. In some embodiments, the static perimetry machine 100 includes a light source and a controller in communication with the light source that is configured to program the light source to selectively activate and deactivate the lights at the test points. The static perimetry may be, for example, the Octopus 900 perimeter (Haag-Streit AG, Switzerland).

[0035] In one embodiment, the static perimetry machine 100 includes one or more computers having one or more processors and memory (e.g., one or more non-volatile storage devices). In some embodiments, memory or a computer-readable storage medium of memory stores programs, modules and data structures, or a subset thereof for a processor to control and run the various systems and methods disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions which, when executed by a processor, perform one or more of the methods disclosed herein, such as shining the test points.

[0036] The static perimetry machine 100 is configured to store recorded data regarding the responses by the subject when the subject perceives the light stimuli. The results for each test point may be organized in a chart format where the responses are represented numerically. The results for each test point may also be organized as a heatmap with color coding. This data can then be exported from the machine 100 and analyzed by a clinician. By using color gradients, heatmaps allow clinicians to easily identify areas of normal sensitivity, reduced sensitivity, and severe impairment. The numerical values or color-coded heatmap may also be overlaid onto an image of the subject’s eye to illustrate retinal sensitivity in various locations on the subject. The data may be used to determine if treatment was successful or may influence new treatment areas to pursue.

[0037] In some embodiments, retinal sensitivity after administration of a therapeutic composition may be assessed in each eye using static perimetry in both eyes by certified technicians using a static perimetry machine 100 (e.g., Octopus 900 perimeter). In some embodiments, static perimetry may be performed twice in each eye and may be performed over at least two days prior to administration of the therapeutic composition. In some embodiments, a third attempt may be performed. In some embodiments, static perimetry is performed before or after pupil dilation. In some embodiments, static perimetry is performed after pupil dilation. In some embodiments, dark-adapted static perimetry may also be performed in both eyes. In some embodiments, dark-adapted static perimetry is performed before or after pupil dilation. In some embodiments, dark-adapted static perimetry is performed after pupil dilation. In some embodiments, the subject may be assessed for retinal sensitivity before (e.g., baseline) and after administration of the therapeutic composition. In some embodiments, the retinal sensitivity may be considered improved if a change from baseline is observed after administration of the therapeutic composition as indicated by a positive change in mean retinal sensitivity in the region of administration of the therapeutic composition.

[0038] In some embodiments, the subject may be screened prior to administration of the therapeutic composition. The subject may be screened using low-luminance visual acuity (LLVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), microperimetry (MP), spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), color fundus photography (CFP), fluorescein angiography (FA), full-field stimulus testing (FST), color vision test, ophthalmic evaluation, urinalysis, multi-luminance navigation test (MLNT), static perimetry, and / or dark- adapted perimetry. In some embodiments, FST, FA, static perimetry, and / or dark-adapted perimetry are performed after pupil dilation. In some embodiments, the subject may be screened for genetic confirmation of primary photoreceptor disease, pregnancy, blood serology, hematology, anti-PRP cell antibodies, biomarkers, clinical chemistry, coagulation and / or human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing. In some embodiments, the subject may be screened no more than 70 days before administration of the therapeutic composition.

[0039] In some embodiments, visual function and / or functional vision is improved where, as compared to baseline, the human exhibits one or more of (or at least one of): a mean retinal sensitivity greater than or equal to seven decibels as measured by microperimetry, light sensitivity improvement as measured by full-field stimulus testing, a clinically significant improvement in retinal sensitivity as measured by static perimetry, a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) greater than or equal to 0.3 Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (LogMAR) units and > 15 Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letter score, optionally wherein the human has a BCVA at baseline between about LogMAR 3.9 to about LogMAR 0.5 in a study eye and / or has an ETDRS letter score at baseline of 60 or less in the study eye, a low-luminance visual acuity (LLVA) greater than or equal to 0.3 LogMAR units and > 15 ETDRS letter score, a clinically significant improvement in retinal sensitivity as measured by dark-adapted static perimetry, a clinically significant improvement in fixation location as measured by microperimetry, a clinically significant improvement in fixation stability as measured by microperimetry, a clinically significant improvement in color vision as measured by a Hardy Rand and Rittler pseudoisochromatic test, a clinically significant improvement in quality-of-life scale scores as measured by the Michigan Retinal Degeneration Questionnaire (MRDQ) and / or the Michigan Vision-related Anxiety Questionnaire (MVAQ), an ability to navigate a multi-luminance navigation test, and / or an ability to navigate a multi-luminance navigation test at least two illumination levels lower.ExamplesExample 1 : Test Point CoordinatesTable 1: Coordinates of the Test Point Layout of Fig. 5

[0040] The terms “about” or “approximately” are used herein to provide literal support for the exact number that they precede, as well as a number that is near to or approximately the number that the terms precede. In determining whether a number is near to or approximately a specifically recited number, the near or approximating unrecited number may be a number, which, in the context in which it is presented, provides the substantial equivalent of the specifically recited number. It should be appreciated that all numerical values and ranges disclosed herein are approximate values and ranges, whether “about” is used in conjunction therewith. It should also be appreciated that the term “about,” as used herein, in conjunction with a numeral refers to a value that may be ±0.01% (inclusive), ±0.1% (inclusive), ±0.5% (inclusive), ±1% (inclusive) of that numeral, ±2% (inclusive) of that numeral, ±3% (inclusive) of that numeral, ±5% (inclusive) of that numeral, ±10% (inclusive) of that numeral, or ±15% (inclusive) of that numeral. It should further be appreciated that when a numerical range is disclosed herein, any numerical value falling within the range is also specifically disclosed.

[0041] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes could be made to the embodiments shown and described above without departing from the broad inventive concepts thereof. It is to be understood that the embodiments and claims disclosed herein are not limited in their application to the details of construction and arrangement of the components set forth in the description and illustrated in the drawings. Rather, the description and the drawings provide examples of the embodiments envisioned. The embodiments and claims disclosed herein are further capable of other embodiments and of being practiced and carried out in various ways. Specific features of the exemplary embodiments may or may not be part of the claimed invention and various features of the disclosed embodiments may be combined. Unless specifically set forth herein, the terms “a”, “an” and “the” are not limited to one element but instead should be read as meaning “at least one.” Finally, unless specifically set forth herein, a disclosed or claimed method should not be limited to the performance of its steps in the order written, and one skilled in the art can readily appreciate that the steps may be performed in any practical order.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A method of measuring retinal sensitivity of a subject, the method comprising: shining a plurality of lights sequentially one at a time at a predetermined configuration of test points, each test point corresponding to a location in a visual field of the subject; and recording a response by the subject when the subject sees one of the plurality of lights, wherein the test points are more concentrated towards a center of the predetermined configuration and become less concentrated towards an outer perimeter of the predetermined configuration.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the test points are arranged in a circular pattern with angular intervals of 15 degrees.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the test points are unevenly spaced apart from the center of the circular pattern to the outer perimeter of the circular pattern, wherein the outer perimeter of the circular pattern is 40 degrees from the center of the circular pattern.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein there are a toted of 42 test points from the center of the circular pattern out to 30 degrees.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein there are a total of 36 test points from 30 degrees on the circular pattern to 40 degrees on the circular pattern.

6. The method of claim 1 further comprising: administering an amount of a therapeutic composition, optionally comprising photoreceptor precursor cells, to the subject’s retina, optionally a subretinal space in a specific administration area of an eye of the subject in need thereof.

7. The method of claim 6 further comprising measuring for an improvement or reduction in retinal sensitivity of the subject in need thereof by a static perimetry machine after treatment, by repeating steps (a) and (b) of claim 1.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein there are at least 13 test points located within the administration area.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein there are a total of 78 test points.

10. The method of claim 1 further comprising: treating an inherited retinal disease in the subject in need thereof, optionally, wherein the inherited retinal disease is a primary photoreceptor disease such as retinitis pigmentosa, Usher syndrome, cone-rod disease, rod-cone disease, cone dystrophy, or cone-rod dystrophy.

11. The method of claim 1 further comprising selectively activating and deactivating the lights at the test points by a controller in communication with a light source that is configured to program the light source.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the test points are more concentrated in a temporal region of the subject’s visual field relative to a nasal region of the subject visual field.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the test points are positioned according to coordinates specified in Table 1.

14. The method of claim 1 further comprising varying intensity, size, and / or duration of the lights.

15. The method of claim 1 further comprising aligning the center of the predetermined configuration with a fovea of the subject16. The method of claim 1 further comprising analyzing responses of the subject to the lights and determining regions of suboptimal sensitivity.

17. A method of measuring retinal sensitivity of a subject, the method comprising: shining a plurality of lights sequentially one at a time at predetermined test points of a subject’s eye, each test point corresponding to a location in a visual field of the subject; and recording a response by the subject when the subject sees one of the plurality of lights, wherein the test points are more concentrated towards a center of the predetermined test points and become less concentrated towards an outer perimeter of the predetermined test points, and wherein the method is performed using a static perimetry machine, the static perimetry machine comprising: a light source; and a controller in communication with the light source that is configured to program the light source to selectively activate and deactivate the lights at the test points.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the test points are more concentrated in a temporal region of the subject’s visual field relative to a nasal region of the subject visual field.

19. A method of measuring retinal sensitivity of a subject, the method comprising: a. shining a plurality of lights sequentially one at a time at a predetermined configuration of test points, each test point corresponding to a location in a visual field of the subject; and b. recording a response by the subject when the subject sees one of the plurality of lights, wherein the test points are more concentrated in a temporal region of the subject’s visual field relative to a nasal region of the subject’s visual field.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein the subject suffers from, is suspected to suffer from, or is at risk of suffering from a retinal disease, optionally, an inherited retinal disease, and wherein the inherited retinal disease is a primary photoreceptor disease such as retinitis pigmentosa, Usher syndrome, cone-rod disease, rod-cone disease, cone dystrophy, or cone-rod dystrophy.

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