Bearing mounting tool and shafting mounting method

Abstract

A bearing mounting tool and a shafting mounting method. The bearing mounting tool is used for the mounting of a shafting, wherein the shafting comprises an inner shaft (10), an outer shaft (20) arranged on the outer side of the inner shaft (10), and bearings (30, 40) arranged between the inner shaft (10) and the outer shaft (20). The bearing mounting tool comprises: a guide support (100), which comprises guide pillars (110), and a first support portion (120) and a second support portion (130) respectively connected to two ends of the guide pillars (110), the second support portion (130) being configured to connect to an axial end of the inner shaft (10) or the outer shaft (20); and a pressing plate assembly (200), which is movably arranged between the first support portion (120) and the second support portion (130) and can move along the guide pillars (110), so as to push bearing inner rings (31, 41) or bearing outer rings (32, 42) of the bearings (30, 40) to be mounted.

Description

Bearing installation fixtures and shaft installation methods

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This disclosure claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411944067.0, filed on December 26, 2024, and Chinese Patent Application No. 202423238739.4, filed on December 26, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to the field of shaft assembly technology, and more specifically, to a bearing mounting fixture and a shaft mounting method. Background Technology

[0004] A wind turbine generator set connects its generator and rotor via a main shaft system, converting the wind energy captured by the rotor into electrical energy. The main shaft system typically includes a fixed shaft and a rotating shaft nested together, along with bearings positioned between them. These bearings provide rotational support for the rotating shaft.

[0005] Existing technologies typically employ a configuration of single-row tapered roller bearings at both ends of the shaft system, and often use end caps with locating flanges to clamp the bearings, thereby providing a certain preload to improve the shaft system's rigidity and load-bearing capacity. However, existing technologies rely on theoretical calculations to determine the axial length of the locating flange on the rear bearing end cap. This calculation process involves accumulated measurement and calculation errors, making it impossible to accurately determine the magnitude of the actual applied preload, thus compromising the reliability of the shaft system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a bearing installation fixture and a shaft system installation method to accurately control the preload of the shaft system and improve the reliability of the shaft system structure.

[0007] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a bearing mounting fixture is provided for mounting a shaft system, the shaft system including an inner shaft, an outer shaft disposed outside the inner shaft, and a bearing disposed between the inner shaft and the outer shaft. The bearing mounting fixture includes: a guide bracket including a guide post and a first support portion and a second support portion respectively connected to both ends of the guide post, the second support portion being used to connect to the axial end of the inner shaft or the outer shaft; and a pressure plate assembly movably disposed between the first support portion and the second support portion and movable along the guide post for pushing and mounting the bearing.

[0008] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a shaft system installation method is provided. The shaft system includes an inner shaft, an outer shaft disposed outside the inner shaft, a bearing disposed between the inner shaft and the outer shaft, and a bearing end cap connected to the end of the shaft system. The bearing includes an inner bearing ring and an outer bearing ring. The shaft system installation method includes: installing the outer bearing ring inside the outer shaft and sleeve the outer shaft on the inner shaft; applying a predetermined axial preload to the outer shaft; obtaining a distance L between the axial end face of the outer bearing ring and the axial end face of the inner shaft, and then removing the axial preload; installing the inner bearing ring until the distance between the axial end face of the outer bearing ring and the axial end face of the inner shaft is L; measuring the distance S between the axial end face of the inner bearing ring and the axial end face of the inner shaft; and installing the bearing end cap on the axial end face of the inner shaft, wherein the bearing end cap is manufactured based on the distance S.

[0009] Further aspects and / or advantages of the general concept of this disclosure will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be clear from the description or may be learned by practice of the general concept of this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0010] The above and other objects and features of this disclosure will become clearer from the following description of embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0011] Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a shaft system structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0012] Figure 2 is a flowchart of a shaft system installation method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0013] Figure 3 is a perspective view of a bearing mounting fixture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0014] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a bearing mounting fixture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0015] Figure 5 is a three-dimensional view of the guide bracket;

[0016] Figure 6 is a perspective view of the pressure plate connection part;

[0017] Figure 7 is a three-dimensional view of the bearing pressure plate;

[0018] Figures 8 and 9 are schematic diagrams of the process of installing a shaft system using a bearing mounting fixture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0019] Figure 10 is a perspective view of a bearing mounting fixture according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0020] Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of a bearing mounting fixture according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] Reference numerals: 10-Inner shaft; 100-Guide bracket; 10a-First axial end face; 10b-Second axial end face; 11-Shoulder; 110-Guide post; 111-First guide post; 112-Second guide post; 115-Third guide rod; 120-First support part; 130-Second support part; 131-Through hole; 20-Outer shaft; 200-Pressure plate assembly; 21-Bearing mounting part; 210-Pressure plate connection part; 211-First through hole; 212-Second through hole; 213-Through hole; 214-First bolt hole; 215-Second bolt hole; 220-Bearing pressure plate; 30-First bearing; 300-Sensor assembly; 31-Bearing inner ring; 310-Mounting bracket; 31a-First axial end face; 31b-Second axial end face; 32-Roller; 320-First sensor; 33-Bearing outer ring; 330-Second sensor; 33a-First axial end face; 33b-Second axial end face; 400-Drive unit; 40-Second bearing; 41-Bearing inner ring; 41a-First axial end face; 41b-Second axial end face; 42-Roller; 43-Bearing outer ring; 43a-First axial end face; 43b-Second axial end face; 50-Bearing end cap; 51-Cover body; 52-Protrusion. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The following detailed embodiments are provided to aid the reader in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the methods, apparatus, and / or systems described herein. However, upon understanding this disclosure, various changes, modifications, and equivalents of the methods, apparatus, and / or systems described herein will become apparent. For example, the order of operations described herein is merely illustrative and is not limited to those orders set forth herein, but may be changed as will become clear upon understanding this disclosure, except for operations that must occur in a specific order. Furthermore, for clarity and conciseness, descriptions of features known in the art may be omitted.

[0023] The features described herein may be implemented in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples described herein. Rather, the examples described herein are provided only to illustrate some of the many feasible ways of implementing the methods, apparatus, and / or systems described herein, which will become clear upon understanding this disclosure.

[0024] As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any one of the associated listed items and any combination of any two or more.

[0025] Although terms such as “first,” “second,” and “third” may be used herein to describe various components, assemblies, regions, layers, or parts, these components, assemblies, regions, layers, or parts should not be limited by these terms. Rather, these terms are used only to distinguish one component, assembly, region, layer, or part from another. Thus, without departing from the teaching of the examples described herein, the first component, first assembly, first region, first layer, or first part referred to as the first component, first assembly, first region, first layer, or first part may also be referred to as the second component, second assembly, second region, second layer, or second part.

[0026] In the specification, when an element such as a layer, region, or substrate is described as being "on" another element, "connected to," or "bonded to" another element, the element may be directly "on" another element, directly "connected to," or "bonded to" the other element, or one or more other elements may be present in between. Conversely, when an element is described as being "directly on" another element, "directly connected to," or "directly bonded to" another element, no other elements may be present in between.

[0027] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing various examples only and is not intended to limit disclosure. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” indicate the presence of the described features, quantities, operations, components, elements, and / or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, quantities, operations, components, elements, and / or combinations thereof. The term “a plurality” represents any quantity of two or more.

[0028] The directional terms "above," "below," "top," and "bottom" used in this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, are based on the orientation of the product under normal use.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical and scientific terms, shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains upon understanding this disclosure. Unless expressly defined herein, terms such as those defined in a general dictionary shall be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant field and in this disclosure, and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formalistic manner.

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the main shaft system in an existing wind turbine generator set. As shown in Figure 1, the shaft system includes an inner shaft 10 and an outer shaft 20 sleeved on the outside of the inner shaft 10. A bearing is provided between the inner shaft 10 and the outer shaft, so that the outer shaft 20 and the inner shaft 10 can rotate relative to each other.

[0031] The bearings include a first bearing 30 and a second bearing 40 spaced apart, respectively located at the front end (the end connected to the impeller) and the rear end (the end connected to the generator) of the shaft system. The first bearing 30 and the second bearing 40 can be referred to as the front bearing and the rear bearing, respectively. The first bearing 30 and the second bearing 40 can be single-row tapered roller bearings (TRB), thus the shaft system is a TRB+TRB shaft system structure. Alternatively, the first bearing 30 and the second bearing 40 can also be angular contact ball bearings.

[0032] The shaft system also includes a bearing end cap 50, which is fixedly connected to the end of the inner shaft 10 and is used to apply a preload to the bearing. The bearing end cap 50 may include a cover body 51 and a protrusion 52 formed on the cover body 51. The cover body 51 is fixedly connected to the end of the inner shaft 10, and the protrusion 52 is annular, pressing against the second bearing 40, thereby giving the shaft system a certain preload.

[0033] As shown in Figure 1, the inner shaft 10 has a first end 10a and a second end 10b. A shoulder 11 may be formed on the first end 10a, which protrudes outward relative to the radial direction of the inner shaft 10 to form an outer flange. A first bearing 30 may be mounted on the shoulder 11 to prevent it from falling off the inner shaft 10.

[0034] The first bearing 30 may include an inner bearing ring 31, a roller 32, and an outer bearing ring 33. The inner bearing ring 31 may be fitted onto the outer periphery of the inner shaft 10 and abut against the shaft shoulder 11. The outer bearing ring 33 may be installed in the bearing mounting portion 21 inside the outer shaft 20.

[0035] Similarly, the second bearing 40 may include an inner bearing ring 41, rollers 42, and an outer bearing ring 43. The inner bearing ring 41 may be fitted onto the outer periphery of the inner shaft 10, and the outer bearing ring 43 may be installed in the bearing mounting portion 21 within the outer shaft 20. The inner bearing ring 41 may have a first axial end face 41a and a second axial end face 41b, and the outer bearing ring 43 may have a first axial end face 43a and a second axial end face 43b.

[0036] When installing the above-mentioned shaft system structure, the following steps are usually used in the prior art.

[0037] First, the inner ring 31 and roller 32 of the first bearing 30 are fitted onto the inner shaft 10. Before installation, the inner ring 31 and roller 32 of the first bearing 30 are heated to facilitate the fitting of the inner ring 31 onto the inner shaft 10.

[0038] Then, the outer ring 33 of the first bearing 30 and the outer ring 43 of the second bearing 40 are installed into the outer shaft 20. Similarly, the outer shaft 20 is heated before installation to facilitate the installation of the outer rings 33 of the first bearing 30 and the second bearing 40 into the outer shaft 20. After the inner shaft 10 and the outer shaft 20 have cooled to room temperature, the outer shaft 20 is fitted onto the inner shaft 10. The outer shaft 20 can be rotated relative to the inner shaft 10 by external force to ensure that the rollers 32 of the first bearing 30 make uniform and sufficient contact with the inner ring 31 and the outer ring 33.

[0039] Next, the inner ring 41 and roller 42 of the second bearing 40 are fitted onto the inner shaft 10. Similarly, before installation, the inner ring 41 and roller 42 of the second bearing 40 are heated and expanded to make them easier to fit onto the inner shaft 10.

[0040] After the inner ring 41 and roller 42 of the second bearing 40 have cooled to room temperature, the bearing end cap 50 is installed, thus completing the installation of the shaft system.

[0041] In existing technology, the preload of the shaft system is controlled by controlling the length of the protrusion 52 of the bearing end cover 50. The length of the protrusion 52 is usually determined using a formula method. However, the formula method has a large dimensional error in matching the end cover stop. This error is related to factors such as the measurement accuracy of the dimensions of components such as the spindle, bearing housing, and bearing, the measurement accuracy of the height difference between the spindle and the outer ring of the rear bearing after shaft system assembly, and the accuracy of shaft system force simulation. Errors in any of these aspects will directly affect the final result, making it impossible for the first bearing 30 and the second bearing 40 to obtain the expected preload. Therefore, it may affect the stiffness and life of the first bearing 30 and the second bearing 40, thereby affecting the reliability of the entire shaft system structure.

[0042] To address the aforementioned problems, this disclosure provides a shaft system installation method for accurately controlling the preload of the shaft system. The shaft system installation method of this disclosure will now be described in detail.

[0043] According to the shaft installation method disclosed herein, the installation steps prior to installing the inner ring 41 of the second bearing 40 can be performed in the same manner as in the prior art.

[0044] Specifically, as shown in Figure 2, in step S10, the inner ring 31 of the first bearing 30 is fitted onto the inner shaft 10 and supported at the shoulder 11. In step S20, the outer ring 33 of the first bearing 30 and the outer ring 43 of the second bearing 40 are installed inside the outer shaft 20. Next, in step S30, the outer shaft 20 is fitted onto the inner shaft 10, completing the installation of the first bearing 30.

[0045] After the outer shaft 20 is fitted onto the inner shaft 10, according to the shaft system installation method of this disclosure, in step S40, an axial preload is applied to the outer shaft 20. This axial preload is the preload force of the desired shaft system structure. In this case, step S50 is performed to measure the distance between the outer ring 43 of the bearing and the axial end face of the inner shaft 10, and this distance value is recorded as L. Since the second bearing 40 is closer to the second end of the inner shaft 10 and measurement is more convenient, the distance between the first axial end face 43a of the outer ring 43 of the bearing and the second end 10b of the inner shaft 10 can be measured here, and recorded as L.

[0046] In the step of applying a predetermined axial preload to the outer shaft 20, either an axial compressive force can be applied to the outer shaft 20 or an axial compressive force can be applied to the outer ring 43 of the bearing. Since the end face of the outer ring 43 is small and inconvenient for applying force, the compressive force can be applied to the outer shaft 20. Under the action of the axial compressive force, the clearance of the first bearing 30 will decrease, thereby achieving a certain preload.

[0047] After obtaining the distance value L, the applied axial preload is removed in step S60. The first bearing 30, inner shaft 10, and outer shaft 20, which have been deformed by compression, will recover to a certain extent after the external force is removed, so that the distance between the outer ring 43 of the bearing and the axial end face of the inner shaft 10 will be less than the aforementioned distance value L.

[0048] Then, step S70 is performed to install the inner ring 41 of the second bearing 40. Specifically, the inner ring 41 is fitted onto the second end of the inner shaft 10 and pushed inward. When installing the inner ring 41, the rollers 42 of the second bearing 40 can be fitted onto the inner shaft 10 together with the inner ring 41.

[0049] As the inner ring 41 moves inward, it gradually approaches the outer ring 43. Under the action of a predetermined axial compressive force, the inner ring 41 transmits the compressive force to the outer ring 43 through the roller 42. According to the principle that action and reaction forces are equal, the outer ring 43 will be subjected to the same axial compressive force, and the first bearing 30 will also be subjected to the same magnitude of axial compressive force.

[0050] In step S70, that is, during the process of pushing the inner bearing ring 41 toward the second end of the inner shaft 10, the distance between the axial end face of the outer bearing ring 43 and the axial end face of the inner shaft 10 is measured in real time. When the distance between the axial end face of the outer bearing ring 43 and the axial end face of the inner shaft 10 is equal to the previously mentioned distance value L, it can be determined that the second bearing 40 is installed in place and that the shaft system has the desired preload. At this time, pushing the inner bearing ring 41 is stopped.

[0051] Then, in step S80, the distance between the axial end face of the inner ring 41 of the bearing and the axial end face of the inner shaft 10 is measured to obtain a distance value S. In step S90, the bearing end cap 50 is installed onto the inner shaft 10, wherein the bearing end cap 50 is manufactured according to the distance value S, such that the length of the protrusion 52 of the bearing end cap 50 is S. The bearing end cap 50 is installed onto the inner shaft 10, enabling the application of a desired preload to the shaft system.

[0052] According to the shaft system installation method of this disclosure, the distance S is the distance between the inner ring 41 of the second bearing 40 and the rear end face of the inner shaft 10 under the desired preload. Therefore, compared with the prior art method of obtaining this distance S, the distance S obtained by the method of this disclosure is more accurate, thereby enabling more precise control of the bearing preload of the shaft system and ensuring the life and rigidity of the shaft system.

[0053] Although the shaft system installation method of this disclosure is described in the preceding embodiments using the main shaft system of a wind turbine generator as an example, the shaft system installation method of this disclosure is not limited to the main shaft system of a wind turbine generator, but can also be used to install other shaft system structures that require a desired preload. For example, similar to the main shaft system of a wind turbine generator, the shaft system structure includes an inner shaft, an outer shaft sleeved on the outside of the inner shaft, and a bearing rotatably disposed between the inner shaft and the outer shaft. The bearing may include a first bearing and a second bearing. As described above, the first bearing can be installed first, and before installing the inner ring of the second bearing, the desired axial preload is applied to the shaft system. The distance L between the outer ring of the second bearing and the end face of the inner shaft is measured. Then, the inner ring of the second bearing is installed. If the distance between the outer ring of the second bearing and the end face of the inner shaft is equal to the previously measured distance L, the second bearing is considered to be in place. At this time, the distance S between the inner ring of the bearing and the end face of the inner shaft is measured, and the bearing end cap is designed based on this distance S, which allows for more accurate control of the shaft system's preload.

[0054] In the existing technology, the inner ring 41 and rollers 42 of the second bearing 40 are heated and then fitted onto the inner shaft 10 using a heat-fitting method. However, after the inner ring 41 is fitted, the bearing needs to cool down before subsequent operations can be carried out, resulting in a long production cycle.

[0055] According to the shaft installation method disclosed herein, the inner ring 41 and roller 42 of the second bearing 40 are installed onto the inner shaft 10 at room temperature, avoiding the problem of a long assembly cycle caused by the hot fitting method.

[0056] To facilitate the fitting of the inner ring 41 of the second bearing 40 onto the inner shaft 10 at room temperature, a chamfer is provided at the end of the inner shaft 10. This chamfer can be a fillet or an angled corner, thereby appropriately reducing the diameter of the second axial end face of the inner shaft 10. Alternatively, a chamfer can be designed at one axial end of the bearing inner ring 41, thereby appropriately increasing the inner diameter of that axial end of the bearing inner ring 41.

[0057] In order to enable the bearing inner ring 41 to be smoothly installed onto the inner shaft 10 at room temperature, a bearing mounting fixture is also provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0058] Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a bearing mounting fixture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a bearing mounting fixture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0059] As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the bearing mounting fixture according to an embodiment of this disclosure includes a guide bracket 100 and a pressure plate assembly 200 movably connected to the guide bracket 100. As shown in Figure 5, the guide bracket 100 includes a guide post 110 and a first support portion 120 and a second support portion 130 respectively connected to both ends of the guide post 110. The second support portion 130 is used to connect to the axial end of the inner shaft 10, thereby fixing the guide bracket 100 on the inner shaft 10.

[0060] The pressure plate assembly 200 is movably disposed between the first support portion 120 and the second support portion 130, and is movable along the guide post 110 to push the second bearing 40. When pushing and installing the inner ring 41 of the second bearing 40, the guide bracket 100 is fixed to the inner shaft 10 and can guide the movement of the pressure plate assembly 200, so that the pressure plate assembly 200 can apply an axial thrust along the inner shaft 10 to the inner ring 41 during the pushing process, preventing misalignment of the inner ring 41 during installation.

[0061] Both the first support portion 120 and the second support portion 130 can be plate-shaped. On the one hand, this can strengthen the support strength and improve the support stability. On the other hand, it also allows the second support portion 130 to abut against the end face of the inner shaft 10 with a larger area, resulting in a more uniform force distribution and preventing the guide bracket 100 from tilting.

[0062] As shown in Figure 4, there can be multiple guide posts 110, thereby guiding the vertical movement of the pressure plate assembly 200 at multiple positions. As an example, the guide posts 110 include a first guide post 111 and multiple second guide posts 112. The first guide post 111 can be located in the middle of the guide bracket 100. The first support portion 120 and the second support portion 130 are generally circular plates, and the two ends of the first guide post 111 are respectively connected to the middle of the first support portion 120 and the second support portion 130. The multiple second guide posts 112 are symmetrically arranged around the first guide post 111. The diameter of the first guide post 111 is relatively larger than the diameter of the second guide post 112. The first guide post 111 plays a primary guiding role, while the second guide posts 112 play an auxiliary guiding role, ensuring that the pressure plate assembly 200 can move axially along the inner shaft 10 and preventing deflection during movement.

[0063] As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the pressure plate assembly 200 includes a pressure plate connecting portion 210 and a bearing pressure plate 220. The pressure plate connecting portion 210 is disposed between the first support portion 120 and the second support portion 130 and is movable along the guide post 110. The pressure plate connecting portion 210 is generally a circular plate, and a through hole is provided on the pressure plate connecting portion 210 to cooperate with the guide post 110. As shown in Figure 6, the through hole includes a first through hole 211 and a second through hole 212. The first guide post 111 passes through the first through hole 211, and the second guide post 112 passes through the second through hole 212.

[0064] As shown in Figure 4, the diameter of the pressure plate connecting portion 210 is larger than the diameter of the second support portion 130, so that the outer peripheral edge of the pressure plate connecting portion 210 protrudes outward relative to the outer peripheral edge of the second support portion 130. The bearing pressure plate 220 is connected to the outer peripheral edge of the pressure plate connecting portion 210, can be disposed on the outer periphery of the second support portion 130 and can move with the pressure plate connecting portion 210 to push the bearing inner ring 41 on which the second bearing 40 is mounted.

[0065] As shown in Figure 6, the bearing pressure plate 220 can be annular to apply uniform force to the inner ring 41 of the bearing in the circumferential direction. However, the bearing pressure plate 220 is not limited to annular plates; it can also be multiple protrusions connected to the pressure plate connecting portion 210, with the protrusions spaced apart along the circumferential direction to apply compressive force to the inner ring 41 of the bearing. Therefore, the visual form of the bearing pressure plate 220 is not limited to the above example, as long as it can apply compressive force to the second bearing 40 in the axial direction of the inner shaft 10.

[0066] To achieve the connection between the pressure plate connecting part 210 and the bearing pressure plate 220, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, the pressure plate connecting part 210 and the bearing pressure plate 220 are respectively provided with a first bolt hole 214 and a second bolt hole 215, so that the connection between the two can be achieved by bolts. In addition, the pressure plate connecting part 210 and the bearing pressure plate 220 can be welded together or formed into an integral structure.

[0067] The bearing mounting fixture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure further includes a sensor assembly 300 for measuring the distance between the second bearing 40 and the axial end face of the inner shaft 10 to determine whether the second bearing 40 is installed in place.

[0068] Specifically, when the bearing inner ring 41 of the second bearing 40 is installed using the bearing mounting fixture according to the embodiment of this disclosure and the shaft system installation method described above, the sensor assembly 300 can measure the distance between the axial end face of the bearing outer ring 43 and the axial end face of the inner shaft 10. When this distance value is L, it can be determined that the bearing inner ring 41 has been installed in place. At this time, the bearing end cap 50 can be prepared based on the distance between the bearing inner ring 41 and the axial end face of the inner shaft 10.

[0069] As shown in Figure 4, the sensor assembly 300 includes a mounting bracket 310, a first sensor 320, and a second sensor 330. The mounting bracket 310 can be mounted on the guide bracket 100 or the pressure plate assembly 200. The first sensor 320 is used to measure the distance L1 between itself and the axial end face of the inner shaft 10, and the second sensor 330 is used to measure the distance L2 between itself and the axial end face of the bearing outer ring 43. By subtracting L1 from L2, the distance between the bearing outer ring 43 and the axial end face of the inner shaft 10 can be obtained. When the distance between the bearing outer ring 43 and the axial end face of the inner shaft 10 is equal to the previously measured distance L, it is determined that the second bearing 40 is installed in place. At this time, the length of the protrusion 52 of the bearing end cover 50 can be determined based on the distance between the bearing inner ring 41 and the axial end face of the inner shaft 10.

[0070] Multiple sensor assemblies 300 can be configured and arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the pressure plate assembly 200 to measure at multiple locations, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the measurement results and ensuring that the bearing inner ring 41 is installed in place throughout the entire circumferential direction.

[0071] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the sensor assembly 300 is mounted on the pressure plate assembly 200. Specifically, the mounting bracket 310 includes a bracket body and a first leg and a second leg. The bracket body is mounted on the pressure plate connecting portion 210, and the first sensor 320 and the second sensor 330 are respectively mounted on the first leg and the second leg. The pressure plate connecting portion 210 is provided with a through hole 213, and the second support portion 130 is provided with a through hole 131, which is vertically opposite to the through hole 213. The first leg and the first sensor 320 can pass through the through hole 213 and the through hole 131, so that the first sensor can measure the distance L1 between the mounting bracket 310 and the axial end face of the inner shaft 10. The second sensor 330 on the second leg can directly face the bearing outer ring 43, so that it can measure the distance L2 between the mounting bracket 310 and the bearing outer ring 43. The structure of the sensor assembly 300 is not limited to the above example, as long as it can measure the distance between the bearing outer ring 43 and the axial end face of the inner shaft 10.

[0072] As shown in Figures 10 and 11, the bearing mounting fixture according to another embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a drive unit 400, which is disposed between the first support unit 120 and the pressure plate assembly 200, for driving the pressure plate assembly 200 to move along the guide post 110.

[0073] The drive unit 400 can be a cylinder, hydraulic cylinder, lead screw, etc. According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the drive unit 400 is an annular hydraulic cylinder, which can be arranged around the first guide post 111. Specifically, as shown in Figures 10 and 11, the annular hydraulic cylinder includes an annular cylinder body 410 and an annular piston 420 disposed in the annular cylinder body 410. One of the annular cylinder body 410 and the annular piston 420 is fixedly connected to the first support part 120, and the other of the annular cylinder body 410 and the annular piston 420 is connected to the pressure plate connecting part 210, thereby driving the pressure plate connecting part 210 to move up and down. By using an annular hydraulic cylinder, force can be applied evenly in the circumferential direction, so that the inner ring 41 of the bearing can move along the axial direction of the inner shaft 10, avoiding deflection.

[0074] In the example shown in the attached drawings, the bearing mounting fixture also includes multiple third guide rods 115, arranged around the outer periphery of the annular cylinder between the first support portion 120 and the pressure plate assembly 200. The third guide rods 115 are telescopic rods, capable of extending and retracting accordingly with the movement of the annular cylinder. By providing multiple third guide rods 115, the driving operation of the annular cylinder can be made more stable.

[0075] Because bearing installation at room temperature involves significant resistance, uneven circumferential force can easily lead to jamming during installation. However, by employing the bearing installation fixture according to the embodiments of this disclosure, uniform force can be applied circumferentially during bearing installation, ensuring that the bearing inner or outer ring can be fitted along the axial direction. This allows for the installation of the bearing inner ring 41 at room temperature, avoiding the long work cycle problem associated with hot installation methods and improving installation efficiency.

[0076] Although the bearing mounting fixture according to the present disclosure has been described for example using the inner ring of the second bearing 40, this fixture is not limited to mounting the inner ring and can also be used to mount the outer ring. When mounting the outer ring 43, the second support 130 can be fixedly mounted on the axial end of the outer shaft 20. The mounting method and operation process for mounting the outer ring 43 are similar to those for mounting the inner ring 41, and will not be described again here.

[0077] Although specific details of the embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, the scope of protection of this disclosure is not limited by the description. Those skilled in the art can make corresponding modifications and variations without departing from the principles of this disclosure, and such modifications and variations will fall within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A bearing mounting fixture for mounting a shaft system, the shaft system comprising an inner shaft (10), an outer shaft (20) disposed outside the inner shaft (10), and a bearing (40) disposed between the inner shaft (10) and the outer shaft (20), characterized in that, The bearing mounting fixture includes: The guide bracket (100) includes a guide post (110) and a first support portion (120) and a second support portion (130) respectively connected to both ends of the guide post (110). The second support portion (130) is used to connect to the axial end of the inner shaft (10) or the outer shaft (20). The pressure plate assembly (200) is movably disposed between the first support (120) and the second support (130) and is movable along the guide post (110) to push the inner ring (41) or outer ring (43) of the bearing (40) on which the bearing (40) is mounted.

2. The bearing mounting fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure plate assembly (200) includes: A pressure plate connecting part (210) is disposed between the first support part (120) and the second support part (130) and is movable along the guide post (110). The outer peripheral edge of the pressure plate connecting part (210) protrudes outward relative to the outer peripheral edge of the second support part (130). The bearing pressure plate (220) is connected to the outer peripheral edge of the pressure plate connecting part (210), and can be disposed on the outer periphery of the second support part (130) and can move with the pressure plate connecting part (210).

3. The bearing mounting fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide posts (110) are multiple in number and are arranged in parallel between the first support portion (120) and the second support portion (130). The guide posts (110) include: The first guide post (111) is disposed in the middle of the first support part (120) and the second support part (130); Multiple second guide posts (112) are symmetrically arranged around the outer periphery of the first guide post (111).

4. The bearing mounting fixture according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bearing mounting fixture also includes: A drive unit, which is connected to the pressure plate assembly (200), is used to drive the pressure plate assembly (200) to move along the guide post (110).

5. The bearing mounting fixture according to claim 4, characterized in that, The driving unit is an annular hydraulic cylinder, which includes an annular cylinder body and an annular piston disposed in the annular cylinder body. It is configured to surround the first guide post (111). One of the annular cylinder body and the annular piston is connected to the first support part (120), and the other of the annular cylinder body and the annular piston is connected to the pressure plate assembly (200).

6. The bearing mounting fixture according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bearing installation fixture also includes multiple third guide rods (115), which are arranged around the outer periphery of the annular cylinder between the first support part (120) and the pressure plate assembly (200). The third guide rods (115) are telescopic rods.

7. The bearing mounting fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bearing mounting fixture also includes a sensor assembly (300) for measuring the distance between the outer ring (43) of the bearing (40) and the axial end face of the inner shaft (10).

8. The bearing mounting fixture according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sensor assembly (300) includes a mounting bracket (310), a first sensor (320) and a second sensor (330) mounted on the mounting bracket (310). The first sensor (320) is used to measure the distance between the mounting bracket (310) and the axial end face of the inner shaft (10). The second sensor (330) is used to measure the distance between the mounting bracket (310) and the axial end face of the outer ring (43) of the bearing or the distance between the inner ring (41) of the bearing and the axial end face of the inner shaft (10).

9. The bearing mounting fixture according to claim 8, characterized in that, The sensor assembly (300) is mounted on the pressure plate connecting part (210). The mounting bracket (310) includes a bracket body, a first leg and a second leg connected to the bracket body. The first sensor (320) and the second sensor (330) are respectively mounted on the first leg and the second leg. The pressure plate connecting part (210) is provided with a first through hole (213), and the second support part (130) is provided with a second through hole (131). The first through hole (213) and the second through hole (131) are vertically opposite each other. The first sensor can pass through the first through hole (213) and the second through hole (131) to measure the distance between the mounting bracket (310) and the axial end face of the inner shaft (10).

10. A method for installing a shaft system, the shaft system comprising an inner shaft (10), an outer shaft (20) disposed outside the inner shaft (10), a bearing (40) disposed between the inner shaft (10) and the outer shaft (20), and a bearing end cap (50) connected to the end of the shaft system, the bearing (40) comprising an inner bearing ring (41) and an outer bearing ring (43), characterized in that, The shaft system installation method includes: The outer ring (43) of the bearing is installed on the inner side of the outer shaft (20), and the outer shaft (20) is sleeved on the inner shaft (10); A predetermined axial preload is applied to the outer shaft (20); Obtain the distance L between the axial end face of the outer ring (43) of the bearing and the axial end face of the inner shaft (10); Remove the axial preload; Install the inner ring (41) of the bearing until the distance between the axial end face of the outer ring (43) of the bearing and the axial end face of the inner shaft (10) is L; Measure the distance S between the axial end face of the inner ring (41) of the bearing and the axial end face of the inner shaft (10); The bearing end cap (50) is mounted on the axial end face of the inner shaft (10), wherein the bearing end cap (50) is made based on the distance S.

11. The shaft system installation method according to claim 10, characterized in that, In the step of applying a predetermined axial preload to the outer shaft (20), an axial compressive force is applied to the outer shaft (20) or an axial compressive force is applied to the outer ring (43) of the bearing.

12. The shaft system installation method according to claim 10, characterized in that, During the installation of the bearing inner ring (41), the bearing mounting fixture is used to press against the bearing inner ring (41). The distance S1 between the bearing mounting fixture and the axial end face of the inner shaft (10) and the distance S2 between the bearing mounting fixture and the axial end face of the bearing outer ring (43) are obtained by the first sensor and the second sensor installed on the bearing mounting fixture, respectively. The distance S is obtained by subtracting S1 from S2.

13. The shaft system installation method according to any one of claims 10-12, characterized in that, The bearing (40) is the rear bearing of the shaft system, and the shaft system also includes a front bearing spaced apart from the rear bearing. The shaft system installation method further includes: Before mounting the outer bearing ring (43) on the inside of the outer shaft (20), the front bearing is mounted between the inner shaft (10) and the outer shaft (20).

14. The shaft system installation method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The shaft system is the main shaft system of the wind turbine generator set. The front bearing and the rear bearing are tapered roller bearings or angular contact ball bearings, and the front bearing and the rear bearing are arranged back to back.

15. The shaft system installation method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The axial end of the inner shaft (10) and / or the end of the bearing inner ring (41) have chamfers. In the step of installing the bearing inner ring (41), the bearing inner ring (41) is installed on the inner shaft (10) at room temperature, and the bearing inner ring (42) is pushed along the axial direction of the inner shaft (10) until the distance between the axial end face of the bearing outer ring (43) and the axial end face of the inner shaft (10) is L.

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