Composition for a cladding or flooring panel with recycled material

Abstract

The present invention relates to a laminate product comprising a combination of layers, the product comprising a matrix of solid particles embedded in a binder as a base and entirely coated with a sol-gel treatment, mainly to impart hardness and stain-resistant properties. The binder contains recycled plastic polymers or waste selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), and mixtures thereof, which, together with the coating, ensures that the composition itself is 100% recyclable. The sheet or plate configuration comprises a plastic binder or filler and / or mineral fillers (1, 2), with two primer layers (4) applied to incorporate a decoration step using pigments and additives (3), and an upper vitreous protective coating (5).

Description

[0001] COMPOSITION OF A PANEL FOR CLADDING OR PAVEMENT MADE WITH RECYCLED MATERIAL

[0002] TECHNICAL SECTOR

[0003] The present invention provides a material composition for preparing a decorative cladding or flooring panel for construction, by manufacturing laminated products by combining previously unbonded layers to form a product whose layers remain bonded. This composition comprises a matrix of solid particles embedded in a binder as a base and coated with a sol-gel treatment to impart enhanced properties, such as increased hardness and stain resistance. The binder contains recycled plastic waste or polymers selected from the groups of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), and mixtures thereof, which, together with the coating, renders the composition 100% recyclable.

[0004] In particular, the invention relates to a composition comprising solid mineral particles of a specific size, including solid waste such as primarily recycled glass, thus avoiding the use or incorporation of crystalline silica, which can cause silicosis. This composition will be heated with the binder, shaped, and allowed to solidify at room temperature. The material will then be treated with a sol-gel coating to impart new surface properties.

[0005] The shaped material can be used in the construction sector for the manufacture of kitchen countertops, bathroom panels, furniture, etc.

[0006] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0007] To analyze the background to the known state of the art, it is important to consider the disadvantages they present in the context of the specific project and evaluate whether the benefits outweigh the drawbacks. Although there are many types of decorative panels made with countless materials, most of those known on the market have the following disadvantages:

[0008] 1. Cost: Some decorative panels can be more expensive than other cladding materials, which can increase the project budget.

[0009] 2. Energy expenditure: some panels require a lot of energy to manufacture, particularly those that have to be heated to high temperatures.

[0010] 3. Durability: Depending on the material, some decorative panels may not be as durable as other coverings, which could lead to faster wear and / or breakage and the need for replacement.

[0011] 4. Maintenance: Some panels may require regular maintenance, such as cleaning or special treatments, to maintain their appearance and functionality.

[0012] 5. Installation: The installation of certain decorative panels can be more complex and require specialized labor, which can increase costs and construction time.

[0013] 6. Aesthetic limitations: Although there is a wide variety of designs, some panels may not suit all architectural styles or personal preferences.

[0014] 7. Insulation: Some decorative panels may not offer the same level of thermal or acoustic insulation as other materials, which could affect the energy efficiency of the building.

[0015] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26)8. Environmental impact: While there are recycled panel options, some materials may not be sustainable or have a negative environmental impact in their production.

[0016] 9. Reaction to moisture: Some panels, especially those made of wood or composite materials, can be affected by moisture, which can cause warping or damage.

[0017] And although the market offers a wide variety of products, most panels don't meet the demands of modern times and the performance requirements they demand. The market is leaning towards low-cost materials that mimic natural materials, are easy to clean, lightweight, easy to install, and come in increasingly larger formats. Most importantly, they must be part of a circular economy (100% recycled).

[0018] As can be seen in European patent EP1395527 from SHELL INT RESEARCH (2002) concerning a solid particle and binder composition, a composition of rPET (recycled polyethylene terephthalate) with other recycled plastics as a binder for composite stone materials is disclosed, using a preheating process for the raw materials. In practice, it has been shown that this process, when using hard minerals such as quartz sand, quartz, or cristobalite, cannot produce a product with a surface hardness sufficient for use in countertops. To increase surface hardness, the amount of rPET binder must be reduced to below 15%, as at that level of binder material, the product is too brittle and the wear on the mixing machine is too high to be economically viable.

[0019] The invention we propose solves both problems by using a hard, chemically resistant filler material, such as very fine recycled glass particles, in combination with higher rPET binder contents, in order to prevent wear in the mixing machine. As such, the product is not suitable for use on countertops due to its low

[0020] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) scratch resistance (<3 on Mohs hardness or < 0.5 N on the scratch tester machine), but when the surface coating is applied, the chemical and scratch resistance increases to levels higher than those of commercial industrial quartz (> 2N on the scratch tester machine).

[0021] Also, in European patent EP331992 by INNOVATIVE STONE TECH BV (2021) concerning a process for manufacturing a slab, a method is described for producing a slab having a front and a back face, said slab comprising fillers, organic binders, and additives. The method comprises mixing the starting materials, including fillers, organic binders, and additives, heating, shaping, pressing, and cooling, resulting in a pressed back layer along with a porous absorption layer and a front layer without an absorption layer. The back layer is intended to absorb excess binder material (rPET) in the mixture and thus increase scratch and chemical resistance. In practice, this has proven insufficient to meet the minimum product requirements for countertops. Instead of achieving a scratch resistance >2 N, the final product did not exceed 1 N in scratch resistance.If the binder content (rPET) is reduced below 15% of the total mass by using larger particles (>200 microns or more specifically >400 microns) of hard minerals (such as quartz and / or cristobalite), scratch resistance improves slightly, but abrasion in the mixing machine becomes unfeasible for a commercial process.

[0022] The invention we propose solves this problem of high abrasion (wear) in the mixing machine by using smaller-sized minerals (typically below 200 microns, more specifically below 100 microns) and a higher binder content (rPET), generally above 15%, and more specifically >20% for the mineral substrate / binder. Using this formula, the substrate itself would not have sufficient scratch resistance to meet the product requirements for countertops, so this invention applies a scratch- and chemical-resistant top layer, enabling it to meet the product requirements.

[0023] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) Product requirements for countertops (Scratch tester >2 Newton and chemical resistance C4 and A4).

[0024] On the other hand, international patent WO2018111106 by INNOVATIVE STONE TECH BV (2018) describes a method for manufacturing a slab similar to the aforementioned European patent EP3319924 by the same holder, but with the difference that the absorption layer is made of a sacrificial, inexpensive, semi-porous layer used on top, which is removed through a mechanical calibration process. In theory, this should increase scratch resistance—due to the reduction of soft binding materials in the top layer—but in practice, it has proven insufficient to meet the minimum product requirements for countertops. Instead of achieving a scratch resistance of >2 N, the final product did not exceed 1 N.If the binder content (rPET) is reduced below 15% of the total mass by using larger particles (>200 microns or more specifically >400 microns) of hard minerals - such as quartz and / or cristobalite - scratch resistance improves slightly, but abrasion in the mixing machine becomes unfeasible for a commercial process.

[0025] Regarding the coating on a substrate, we note European patent EP2338940 SILICALIA.SL (2011), which describes the composition of a sol-gel system on a substrate of natural marble and / or agglomerated stone. This patent differs in that our invention emphasizes the incorporation of a primer to improve adhesion to the substrate.

[0026] Natural marble or engineered stone substrates are heterogeneous. Natural marble is composed of carbonates from marble quarries, making it a natural material and therefore heterogeneous in composition. Engineered stone is made up of different compositions of polymers, carbonates, quartz, and other minerals. All of this results in a heterogeneous surface that varies considerably from one substrate to another. Another drawback is that these substrates are typically polished, leaving a very smooth surface with few anchoring points.

[0027] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) further closing the porosity to some degree and greatly limiting the physical adhesion of the coating to the substrate.

[0028] On the other hand, sol-gel coatings are characterized by structures with a high number of hydroxyl groups (-OH), which are covalently bonded to the same groups present on the substrate surface. Without the application of a primer to homogenize the entire surface, as detailed here, it is very difficult for the sol-gel system to adhere uniformly, resulting in imperfect applications, coating peeling in areas with low concentrations of hydroxyl groups, and even cracking of the entire coating within a few days of application. Therefore, the application of a primer before coating is essential to guarantee the durability of the sol-gel system applied to any substrate, whether natural or artificial.

[0029] With new techniques and development of the base and surface coating product, we solve these problems in the sector, making them usable in the construction sector for the manufacture of kitchen countertops, bathroom panels, furniture, etc.

[0030] Regarding the heterogeneity of compositions and uses of coatings with recycled materials, we find a wide variety of invention patents, such as the European patent EP1506979 by WOLFF CELLULOSICS GMBH & CO KG (2005) for a cellulose ether-based coating for extruding mineral masses as a replacement for cement masses. Or the Swedish patent SE2150925 by STORA ENSO (2023) for a layered substrate for cardboard packaging. We also find recycled coatings for purposes as diverse as fire inhibitors on surfaces, as described in the Korean patent KR20190107994 by KIM MIN Gil (2019), or for scratch and abrasion resistance, as in the European patent EP0519242A1 by FORMICA CORP (1992) for decorative laminates.

[0031] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[0032] For a better understanding of the general characteristics mentioned above, drawings are included with the present invention which show, without limitation, the possibilities of layer configuration according to the type of use and application required.

[0033] And below we present, for informational purposes, the elements or parts that are the subject of the invention, for a tile, paving stone or panel, which are the following:

[0034] 1. -Plastic binder

[0035] 2. -Fill and / or mineral fillers

[0036] 3.-Pigments and additives

[0037] 4. -Primers and / or printing inks

[0038] 5. -Upper vitreous protective coating

[0039] 6.- Paper, plastic, and / or fiberglass or carbon film.

[0040] Figure 1. Sectioned and projected profile view of a sheet or plate configuration with plastic binder or mineral filler and / or fillers (1,2) with the composition of a recycled material panel with the application of two layers of primers (4) for the incorporation of a decoration stage with pigments and additives (3), and a superior vitreous protective coating (5).

[0041] Figure 2. Sectioned and projected profile view of a sheet or plate configuration with the composition of a construction material panel and its additives and / or pigments (1,2,3), with the incorporation at the base of a film system of paper, plastic, and / or fiberglass or carbon (6) with the application of two layers of primers (4) for the incorporation of a decoration stage with pigments and additives (3), and a superior vitreous protective coating (5).

[0042] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) Figure 3. Sectioned and projected profile view of a sheet or plate configuration with the composition of a recycled material panel applied to both sides of the panel. Being, a sheet or plate configuration with plastic binder or filler and / or mineral fillers (1,2) with the composition of a recycled material panel with the application of two layers of primers (4) for the incorporation of a decoration stage with pigments and additives (3), and a superior vitreous protective coating (5), on both the upper and lower sides of said sheet or plate.

[0043] PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0044] The present invention provides a composition of materials for obtaining a 100% recyclable construction material in the form of slabs (small format) or decorative boards and panels (large format) for cladding and / or flooring. The preparation of the material requires various raw materials, mostly derived from recycled materials, depending on its use or application.

[0045] The invention relates to the composition of said material in its entirety, comprised of all the parts, which is specified as follows in percentage by weight:

[0046] 1. -Plastic binder: 15-30%

[0047] 2. -Fill and / or mineral fillers: 70-85%

[0048] 3. -Pigments and additives: 0-10%

[0049] 4.-Phmers and / or printing inks: 0-1%

[0050] 5. -Upper / lower vitreous protective coating: 1-5%

[0051] The proposed composition is configured as a panel format comprising a matrix of solid particles embedded in a binder, which is present in an amount in the range of 10-50%, the most precise and optimal being between 15 and 30% by weight, and comprises recycled plastic waste or polymers selected from the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) group.

[0052] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) of polybutylene (PBT), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polymethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), and mixtures thereof. More precisely, where the PET portion is >90% of the plastic polymer mixture, a process comprising mixing heated particles and binder, shaping them if desired, and allowing the mixture to solidify.

[0053] The mineral mixture, which is present in an amount in the range of 70-85%, is composed, among others, of a mixture of the following minerals, which preferably do not contain crystalline silica, and with the following particle size distributions and percentage composition.

[0054] - Recycled glass (particle sizes between 0 and 100 microns, preferably < 63 microns): 0-85% (more precisely between 50 and 70%) - Feldspars (particle sizes between 0 and 200 microns, preferably <63 microns): 0-40%

[0055] - Other silicas such as, among others, quartz sand, quartz, glass materials, frits, cristobalites with particle sizes up to a maximum of 100 microns, preferably < 45 microns: 0-40%

[0056] - Marble = Calcium Carbonates (0-300 microns): 0-40%

[0057] - Dolomites calcium and magnesium carbonate [CaMg(CO3)2 (0-300 microns):

[0058] 0-70%

[0059] - Aluminum monohydrates (bohemites) or aluminum hydrates (ATH) with particle sizes from 0 to 300 microns: 0-20%.

[0060] - Reinforcing fibers from the group glass fibers, carbon fibers, hemp fibers, jute, basalt and combinations thereof: 0-35%. Preferably between 0 and 5%.

[0061] - Other recycled waste from, for example, construction materials such as recycled material from wind turbine blades or photovoltaic panels. Production of natural or composite stone, pulverized to particle sizes smaller than 100 microns.

[0062] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) preferably less than 63 microns: 0-70% More preferably between 0 and 25%.

[0063] - Reinforcing fiber such as glass and / or carbon with sizes less than 63 microns: 0-35% More preferably between 0 and 5%.

[0064] The masterbatch pigments and processing additives added during the mixing phase of the binder and mineral fillers for panel formation are incorporated at a percentage between 0-10%. For example, 3% white pigment in the masterbatch and 1% processing additive.

[0065] After obtaining the panel, whether rectified or not, one or more layers of primer and / or printing inks can be applied, assuming 0-1% of the final panel composition.

[0066] This first one can be of different compositions:

[0067] - Hybrid primers consist of a two-component mixture: component A can be a water-based or solvent-based resin, and component B is a silicon alkoxide with at least one polymerizable group that reacts with the resin. If the resin contains epoxy groups, component B will be a silicon alkoxide with at least one polymerizable glycidyl group, such as (3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane). If the resin contains acrylic groups, component B will be a silicon alkoxide with at least one polymerizable methacrylate group, such as 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate. Hydrolysis of the alkoxide groups in the presence of the resin's aqueous solvent and / or ambient humidity will generate silanol groups on the primer's surface. - Conventional one-component water-based primers with temperature or UV curing, or solvent-based primers with temperature or UV curing, can have a polyester or acrylic base composition.After the previous application of the primer, the material can be painted or decorated with a digital sublimation print or with water-based inks.

[0068] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) solvent, with or without loads of different nature (organic, inorganic loads, etc.) directly on the surface of the panel.

[0069] Finally, the panel obtained with the different layers of primer applied is protected by a sol-gel treatment whose composition, referring to the entire piece, will be:

[0070] Component C includes a mixture of silicon alkoxides that act as binders in a weight percentage of 0-4%; component D includes a mixture of solvents of different volatility in 0-3%; component E includes a mixture of catalyst and water in 0-3%; component F consists of densifying particles that crosslink the structure of the binder matrix in 0-0.2%; component G includes functional particles that provide a certain functionality in 0-0.25%.

[0071] Component C includes at least one fully hydrolyzable silicon alkoxide of formula Si(OR)4 and at least one alkylalkoxide having either a non-hydrolyzable substituent of formula R'-Si(OR)s, or two non-hydrolyzable substituents of formula R'2-Si(OR)2, with the non-hydrolyzable substituent being a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C4) alkyl.

[0072] The fully hydrolyzable silicon alkoxide of formula Si(OR)4 selected consists of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) and one of their mixtures; preferably tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS).

[0073] Silicon alkoxide having at least one non-hydrolyzable substituent of formula R'-Si(OR)3 consists of methyl thioethoxysilane (MTES), methyl trimethoxysilane (MTMS), ethyl triethoxysilane (ETES), ethyl thioethoxysilane (ETMS), propyl triethoxysilane (PTES), propyl thioethoxysilane (PTMS), butyl thioethoxysilane (BTES), butyl trimethoxysilane (BTMS), isopropyl triethoxysilane (IPTES), 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GLYMO), isopropyl trimethoxysilane (IPTMS), and mixtures thereof. Silicon alkoxide having at least two non-hydrolyzable substituents of formula R'2-Si(OR)2 consists of dimethyl dimethoxysilane (DMDMS) and dimethyl diethoxysilane (DMDES).

[0074] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) Component D includes a combination of solvents selected from the group of C1-C6 alcohols of varying volatility, combining one of high volatility with one of low volatility. Examples of solvents that may be employed include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, pentanol, and hexanol. In one embodiment, optionally in combination with one or more features of the various embodiments described above or below, the solvent is selected from the group of C2-C8 ketones and C2-C20 ethers, including dipropylene glycol methyl ether and other protic solvents.

[0075] Component E includes the catalyst, which may be organic or inorganic: sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, benzoic acid, methyl formate, ethyl acetate, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the acid catalyst is HCl and is in the form of an aqueous acidic HCl solution having a pH less than 5; preferably, the pH is between 0 and 2. The catalyst concentration shall be 0.05–3% relative to the hydrolyzable alkoxides.

[0076] Component E finally includes an amount of water in a molar ratio of 1:1 with respect to the total number of hydrolyzable alkoxide groups in the silicon alkoxide molecules.

[0077] Component F includes a combination of densifying metal oxides. The densifiers are based on a combination of colloidal silica nanoparticles. The surface of the colloidal silica is covered with hydroxyl groups that can react with the hydrolyzable silicon alkoxides present in the coating formulation. The colloidal silica used can be in an organic solvent or in water, with the most common brands being Ludox®, Aerodisp®, or Levasil®.

[0078] Component G includes the addition of inorganic particles that provide some functionality to the coating, such as abrasion resistance, refractive index, biocidal properties, antistatic properties, anti-glare properties, durability, etc. Examples of functional particles include silver.

[0079] REPLACEMENT BLADE (RULE 26) metallic, Aluminum oxide, Zirconium oxide, Cerium oxide, Titanium oxide and combinations thereof.

[0080] Colloidal silica and / or functional particles will generally have a particle size range between 10 and 150 nm, preferably between 10 and 50 nm.

[0081] Taking into account all these material compositions, we will obtain a decorative cladding or panel with a composition almost entirely of recycled material, mainly from plastic sources from packaging and recycled glass.

[0082] The protective finish that will be given to the shaped piece will not come from recycled material, but due to its inorganic nature and mainly formed by amorphous silica, similar to glass, it will make the total product have a similar composition and be 100% recyclable in its own process to generate new panels and boards intended for construction material.

[0083] Thus, the panels will consist of a support or plate made of mostly recycled material, which will be subsequently treated with a protective finish to improve its final performance, both mechanical and chemical resistance, and may provide different technical characteristics to the surface.

[0084] The plastic binder, as previously mentioned, is composed primarily of plastic waste, mainly PET, along with other materials in smaller proportions. This material is subjected to a variable temperature between 240-320°C for melting and mixing with the mineral fillers that provide consistency to the final panel. This process is free of volatile solvents, unlike the most commonly used process for obtaining engineered stone, which employs resins with reactive solvents such as styrene and / or MMA (methyl methacrylate). These solvents are harmful to the health of workers and potentially to the end customer.

[0085] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) The inorganic fillers will come mostly from recycled sources such as glass, a readily available material due to its high recyclability, replacing crystalline silica, which, as has been demonstrated, affects the health of people working in its processing. In the current Engineered Stone process, or the production of solid surfaces from crushed stone conglomerates and adhesives, workers can contract silicosis due to the presence of crystalline silica. However, thanks to this new composition defined in the present invention, this problem does not exist due to the absence of crystalline silica in its composition and the improvements in the production process.

[0086] Another distinctive feature of the cladding board's composition is the nature and type of mineral fillers. These fillers provide consistency and hardness to the material, and a well-defined particle size distribution is crucial for optimal performance. However, mineral particles can be abrasive during the production process. Therefore, based on their hardness, particle sizes have been defined: no larger than 100 microns for the hardest minerals, such as silicas, and slightly larger, but less than 300 microns, for softer minerals like carbonates. This ensures a particle size distribution that optimally fills all the voids in the matrix, resulting in a highly compact material.

[0087] Furthermore, another important aspect of mineral particle size is from a production feasibility standpoint. Specifically, a size exceeding the selected range would cause excessive wear on the mixing machine, making continuous production unfeasible.

[0088] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) This selection of such a small particle size, on the other hand, generates a counterproductive effect, which is that the surface hardness and chemical resistance of the final product will not be sufficient to meet the necessary product specifications.

[0089] To achieve these specifications of greater hardness and resistance to stains and chemical attack, we will apply a protective finish based on sol gel that allows us to obtain the necessary performance to meet all the final product specifications.

[0090] A protective vitreous coating, either upper or lower, can be incorporated at a percentage of 1-5% of the total weight of a piece. The upper protective coating may consist of several layers to provide the best final performance. A primer can be applied as the first coat to completely seal the substrate and create a uniform surface, ensuring better adhesion of the upper protective coating and a more homogeneous application.

[0091] It can also be incorporated according to the uses and destination of a film made of paper, plastic, and / or fiberglass or carbon (6).

[0092] REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

CLAIMS Composition of a panel for cladding or paving with recycled vitreous-based material, natural stone, marble and other minerals for small and large formats of construction materials characterized in that it comprises a matrix of solid particles embedded in a binder (1), which is present in an amount in the range of 10-50%, recycled plastic waste or polymers from the group of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC) and mixtures thereof, a hybrid first (4) which includes the mixture of two components a water-based or solvent-based resin with temperature or ultraviolet curing, together with a polyester or acrylic base composition and a silicon alkoxide with at least one polymerizable group that reacts with the resin.Also, a sol-gel base consisting of a mixture of silicon alkoxides acting as binders in a weight percentage of 0-4%, including a mixture of solvents of varying volatility in 0-3% and a mixture of catalyst and water in 0-3%, as well as densifying particles that crosslink the binder matrix structure in 0-0.2%, and functional particles in 0-0.25%. At least one fully hydrolyzable silicon alkoxide of formula Si(OR)4 and at least one alkylalkoxide having a non-hydrolyzable substituent of formula R-Si(OR)3 are included. The mineral filler and / or fillers (2) comprise between 70 and 85% by weight, along with pigments and additives (3) in 0-10%. - Composition of a panel for cladding or paving with recycled vitreous-based material, natural stone, marble and other minerals for small and large formats of construction materials according to Claim 1, characterized in that the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) group is greater than >90% of the mixture of plastic polymers. REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26)3.- Composition of a panel for cladding or paving with recycled vitreous-based material, natural stone, marble and other minerals for small and large formats of construction materials according to Claims .1 and .2 characterized in that the solvent-based primer is cured by temperature or ultraviolet radiation. 4.- Composition of a panel for cladding or paving with recycled vitreous-based material, natural stone, marble and other minerals for small and large formats of construction materials if the resin contains epoxy groups, according to Claim 1 characterized in that it comprises a Silicon alkoxide with at least one polymerizable Glycidyl group 5.- Composition of a panel for cladding or paving with recycled vitreous-based material, natural stone, marble and other minerals for small and large formats of construction materials if the resin contains acrylic groups, the hydrolysis of the alkoxide groups in the presence of the aqueous solvent of the resin and / or ambient humidity will generate silanol groups on the surface of the primer according to Claim .1 characterized in that it comprises a Silicon alkoxide with at least one polymerizable methachallate group, or two non-hydrolyzable substituents of formula R'2-Si(OR)2, with the non-hydrolyzable substituent being a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C4) alkyl. 6.- Composition of a panel for cladding or paving with recycled vitreous-based material, natural stone, marble and other minerals for small and large formats of construction materials if the resin contains acrylic groups, the hydrolysis of the alkoxide groups in the presence of the aqueous solvent of the resin and / or ambient humidity will generate silanol groups on the surface of the primer according to Claim .5 characterized in that the fully hydrolyzable silicon alkoxide of formula Si(OR)4 selected consists of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) and one of their mixtures; preferably tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26)7.- Composition of a panel for cladding or paving with recycled vitreous-based material, natural stone, marble and other minerals for small and large formats of construction materials if the resin contains acrylic groups, the hydrolysis of the alkoxide groups in the presence of the aqueous solvent of the resin and / or ambient humidity will generate silanol groups on the surface of the primer according to Claim .5 characterized in that the silicon alkoxide having at least one non-hydrolyzable substituent of formula R'-Si(OR)3, consists of methylthethoxysilane (MTES), methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), ethylthethoxysilane (ETES), ethyltrimethoxysilane (ETMS), propyltriethoxysilane (PTES), propylthmethoxysilane (PTMS), butylthethoxysilane (BTES), butylthmethoxysilane (BTMS), isopropyltriethoxysilane (IPTES), 3-Glycidoxypropylthmethoxysilane (GLYMO), isopropylthmethoxysilane (IPTMS), and mixtures thereof.The silicon alkoxide having at least two non-hydrolyzable substituents of formula R'2-Si(OR)2 consists of dimethyldimethoxysilane (DMDMS), and dimethyldiethoxysilane (DMDES). 8.- Composition of a panel for cladding or paving with recycled vitreous-based material, natural stone, marble and other minerals for small and large formats of materials according to Claim .1 characterized in that it includes a combination of solvents selected from the C1-C6 group of alcohols of variable volatility, combining one of high volatility with another of low volatility. 9.- Composition of a panel for cladding or paving with recycled vitreous-based material, natural stone, marble and other minerals for small and large formats of materials according to Claim .8 characterized in that the solvents used include methanol, or ethanol, or n-propanol, or isopropanol, or butanol, or isobutanol, or pentanol or hexanol. 10.- Composition of a panel for cladding or paving with recycled vitreous-based material, natural stone, marble and other minerals for small and large formats of materials according to Claim .1 characterized REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) because the solvent is selected from the group of C2-C8 ketones, and C2-C20 ethers including dipropylene glycol methyl ether and other protic solvents. 11.- Composition of a panel for cladding or paving with recycled vitreous-based material, natural stone, marble and other minerals for small and large formats of materials according to Claim .1 characterized in that it includes a catalyst, which may be organic or inorganic: sulfuric acid, or hydrochloric acid, or nitric acid, or formic acid, or acetic acid, or citric acid, or oxalic acid, or maleic acid, or benzoic acid, or methyl formate, or ethyl acetate, or combinations of all of them. 12.- Composition of a panel for cladding or paving with recycled vitreous-based material, natural stone, marble and other minerals for small and large formats of materials according to Claim 11, characterized in that the acid catalyst is HCl and is in the form of an aqueous acidic solution of HCl having a pH less than 5; preferably, the pH is between 0 and 2. The concentration of the catalyst is 0.05-3% with respect to the hydrolyzable alkoxides. 13.- Composition of a panel for cladding or paving with recycled vitreous-based material, natural stone, marble and other minerals for small and large formats of materials according to Claim 4, 5, 6 and 7 characterized in that a quantity of water is finally included in a molar ratio of 1:1 with respect to the total number of hydrolyzable alkoxide groups in the Silicon alkoxide molecules. 14.- Composition of a panel for cladding or paving with recycled vitreous-based material, natural stone, marble and other minerals for small and large formats of materials with densifiers according to Claim .1 characterized in that it includes a combination of colloidal silica nanoparticles, whose colloidal silica can be in organic solvent or in water and a combination of metal oxides. REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) 15.- Composition of a panel for cladding or paving with recycled vitreous-based material, natural stone, marble and other minerals for small and large formats of materials that provide some functionality to the coating, such as abrasion resistance, refractive index, biocidal properties, anti-aesthetic properties, anti-glare properties, or durability according to Claim .1 characterized in that it includes the addition of inorganic particles such as metallic silver, and / or aluminum oxide, and / or zirconium oxide, and / or zinc oxide, and / or titanium oxide and combinations of all of them. 16.- Composition of a panel for cladding or paving with recycled vitreous-based material, natural stone, marble and other minerals for small and large formats of materials that provide some functionality to the coating, such as abrasion resistance, refractive index, biocidal properties, anti-aesthetic properties, anti-glare properties, or durability according to Claim 14, characterized in that the colloidal silica and / or the functional particles will generally have a particle size range between 10 and 150 nm.

17. A panel composition for cladding or paving made with recycled vitreous-based material, natural stone, marble, and other minerals for small and large formats, comprising materials that provide some functionality to the coating, such as abrasion resistance, refractive index, biocidal properties, anti-aesthetic properties, anti-glare properties, or durability, in accordance with Claim 14, characterized in that the colloidal silica and / or functional particles have a particle size range between 10 and 50 nm. 18.- Composition of a panel for cladding or paving with recycled vitreous-based material, natural stone, marble and other minerals for small and large formats of construction materials according to all the previous claims characterized in that it comprises a vitreous protective coating (5) upper / lower or a film of paper, plastic, and / or fiberglass or carbon (6) in a percentage of 1-5% on the total weight of a piece. REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26)

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