Reference signal design methods for wireless sensing in integrated sensing and communications system
A multiple-level RS design framework in the frequency domain extends the sensing range and reduces ISI in OFDM systems, addressing the limitations of CP length in integrated sensing and communication systems.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MEDIATEK SINGAPORE PTE LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-16
AI Technical Summary
Existing OFDM-based communication systems face limitations in extending the sensing range beyond the capability of the cyclic prefix (CP) length, particularly in scenarios requiring detection of both near and far targets, leading to inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inadequate sensing performance.
A multiple-level reference signal (RS) design framework in the frequency domain is introduced, allowing flexible configuration to extend the CP length and reduce ISI, applicable to both multi-level and single-level RS designs without modifying the existing OFDM framework.
The method effectively expands the ISI-free sensing range, enhancing detection capabilities to meet diverse sensing requirements while maintaining communication performance.
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Figure CN2025071322_16072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
REFERENCE SIGNAL DESIGN METHODS FOR WIRELESS SENSING IN INTEGRATED SENSING AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) for orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing communication system, and particularly relates to expanding sensing range method and related user equipment.BACKGROUND
[0002] The background description provided herein is for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the disclosure. Work of the presently named inventors, to the extent the work is described in this background section, as well as aspects of the description that may not otherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the present disclosure.
[0003] ISAC is a key technology for B5G / 6G system, in which reference signal design is key technology for enabling sensing performance. In order to better integrate sensing into OFDM-based communication systems, the design of the cyclic prefix proposed for the communication system is a technical aspect that requires special attention when designing sensing signals.
[0004] For communication, to eliminate inter-symbol interference (ISI) caused by multipath delay spread in OFDM systems, the tail of the OFDM symbol is copied to the head to form a Cyclic Prefix (CP) . This ensures that as long as the multipath signals fall within the CP range, complete information can be obtained. Therefore, the CP length is related to the signal coverage range.
[0005] However, for sensing applications, multipath exists, particularly with the need to identify multiple targets. When sensing multiple targets, there is a requirement to sense both near targets (with small delays) and far targets (with large delays) , which may result in the multipath delay spread of the sensing signal exceeding the CP's capability. Considering the design of future air interface parameter sets, taking a 60 kHz subcarrier spacing as an example, the CP length is 1.17 μs, supporting a sensing coverage range of approximately: 1.17×10-6×3×108 / 2≈175 meters. When the subcarrier spacing is 240 kHz, the sensing coverage range is less than 50 meters. Especially, in typical integrated communication and sensing application scenarios such as UAV detection, the sensing distance should reach 500-1000 meters. Therefore, it is necessary to further extend the CP length to enhance the sensing coverage.SUMMARY
[0006] This patent propose methods to expand the "NO-ISI" range within the framework of multi-level frequency-domain RS configuration. This scheme allows for flexible configuration of reference signals based on different sensing performance requirements and communication performance requirements, achieving efficient use of radio resources.
[0007] A method for expanding the “NO-ISI” sensing range is proposed, which is applicable to OFDM-based integrated communication and sensing systems without requiring modifications to the existing OFDM framework designed for legacy communication system (like 5G / LTE / LTE-Aor WCDMA) . This method is flexible and adjustable, allowing the ISI-free range to be extended according to the sensing range requirements.
[0008] This method is suitable for both multi-level frequency-domain RS design and single-level frequency-domain RS design, i.e., comb RS design.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSFIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-level reference signal design in frequency domain.FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-level reference signal design in frequency domain.FIG. 3 is schematic diagram of mechanism for extend CP length in three-level reference signal design in frequency domain..DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0009] In this disclosure, a multiple-level RS design framework in frequency domain is introduced firstly based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for ISAC system, where number of level is based on the quantity of different reference signal RE spacing, which is at least one. Then multi-level RS design can be easily extended to frequency-time domain. To simplify the description, three-level RS design framework in frequency domain is described in detail, which is shown in Fig1. The 1st-level is defined as an entire RS pattern, the length of which is 12 REs in frequency domain. RE spacing within the 1st -level is Ssub, 1 in unit of RE. The 2nd -level is defined as RB burst, which is composed of at least of one RB, spacing between the adjacent RB is Ssub, 2 in unit of RE. Then RB burst can be configured in a periodic way along the frequency domain, which is the 3rd -level with spacing Ssub, 3 in unit of RE. Fi denotes staggering offset for the ith symbol, T denotes symbol duration with CP added.
[0010] Three-level framework degenerates to two-level framework if only one RB in each RB burst or Ssub, 3=Ssub, 2, as shown in Fig2. In the same way, three-level framework degenerates to single-level framework (uniform design) , when Ssub, 3=Ssub, 2=Ssub, 1.
[0011] CP length designed for communication is only considered for one-way distance, which is not enough for sensing. And this can introduce ISI to sensing target, decreased sensing performance. This disclosure provides a method of extending CP with multiple-level RS framework in frequency domain.
[0012] In time domain, set Ts as OFDM symbol duration, TCP denotes CP duration, then T=TCP+Ts represents symbol duration with CP-added. In frequency domain, multi-level framework is utilized. In this presence, three-level framework is taken as an example. Ssub, 1, Ssub, 2 and Ssub, 3 are spacing for 1st level, 2nd level and 3rd level respectively, which have a common factor greater than 1. m∈ {0, …, M-1} , p∈ {0, …, p-1} , q∈ {0, …, Q-1} index for the first level, the second level and the third level. Xi denotes the data sequence for the ith symbol in frequency domain. Hence, data sequence of the ith symbol in time domain after IFFT is Yi
[0013] where Ntotal= (Q-1) Ssub, 3+Q (P-1) Ssub, 2+QP (M-1) Ssub, 1+1 denotes total RE numbers occupied by Xi, which can be represented as
[0014] where Ψ= {qSsub, 3+ [p+q (P-1) ] Ssub, 2+ [m+p (M-1) +qP (M-1) ] Ssub, 1} is RE index, Fi is staggering offset of each symbol. Set common factor of Ssub, 1, Ssub, 2 and Ssub, 3 as Г>1. Then Yi can be divided into Г parts, Yih= {Yi (n) } , n∈ { (h-1) L, hL} , h=0, 1, . . ., Г-1 length of each part is where Hence only phase rotation between different Yih and Yi. Noted that Г=Ssub, 1 when multi-level frequency domain framework degenerates to single-level frequency-domain framework, i.e., Ssub, 1= Ssub, 2= Ssub, 3.
[0015] Add CP sequence into time domain sequence Yi, data sequence of the ith symbol added CP can be set as n=0, 1, . . ., Ntotal-NCP-1. Passing through the channel, the sequence will experience time delay Nτ and Doppler frequency shift fD. The data that finally reaches the sensing receiver will be represented as
[0016]
[0017] At the sensing receiver side, some data will be treated as part of the extended CP and will be removed along with CP before FFT, to expand the range without interference between symbols, where extended CP includes first NCP+hL part, h=0, 1, . . ., Г-1. Next, by applying phase compensation to the remaining data sequence, the complete data Xi from the transmitter can be obtained through FFT.
[0018] Firstly, After removing the extended CP part, the left data sequence is represented as:
[0019] Secondly, compensate phase rotation
[0020] Then frequency sequence X′i can be obtained by apply FFT to time sequence G′, which is represented as: Finally, X′i (k′) can be represented as: Therefore, sensing receiver can recover the transmitter's signal Xi, and at this point, the distance detection range free from symbol signal interference has been extended to: min Fig 3 presents a set of configurations for extended CP lengths, where Ssub, 1=4, Ssub, 2=8 and Ssub, 3=12 are defined respectively, with a common factor of Г=4. In this configuration, 1 / 4, 2 / 4, 3 / 4 of the data portion can be used as the extended CP, thereby increasing the sensing range and avoiding inter-symbol interference.
[0021] According to some embodiments, a communication apparatus (e.g., a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS) ) is proposed. The communication apparatus can be configured to implement various embodiments of the disclosure described herein. The communication apparatus can include a processor, a memory, and a radio frequency (RF) module that are coupled together. In different examples, the UE may include a smartphone, a smartwatch, a personal digital assistant, a digital camera, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, or an IoT / NB-IoT / IIoT apparatus. The BS may include an evolved NodeB (eNB) in 4G LTE, a next-generation NB (gNB) or a transmission and reception point (TRP) in 5G NR, or a B5G / 6G NB.
[0022] The processor can be configured to perform various functions described above with reference to Figs 1-3. The processor can include signal processing circuitry to process received or to be transmitted data according to communication protocols specified in, for example, LTE and NR standards. Additionally, the processor may execute program instructions, for example, stored in the memory, to perform functions related with different communication protocols. The processor can be implemented with suitable hardware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, the processor can be implemented with application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) , field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) , and the like, that includes circuitry. The circuitry can be configured to perform various functions of the processor 810.
[0023] In one example, the memory can store program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform various functions as described herein. The memory can include a read only memory (ROM) , a random access memory (RAM) , a flash memory, a solid state memory, a hard disk drive, and the like.
[0024] The RF module can be configured to receive a digital signal from the processor and accordingly transmit a signal in a wireless communication network via an antenna. In addition, the RF module can be configured to receive a wireless signal and accordingly generate a digital signal which is provided to the processor. The RF module can include digital to analog / analog to digital converters (DAC / ADC) , frequency down / up converters, filters, and amplifiers for reception and transmission operations. For example, the RF module can include converter circuits, filter circuits, amplification circuits, and the like, for processing signals on different carriers or bandwidth parts.
[0025] The communication apparatus can optionally include other components, such as input and output devices, additional CPU or signal processing circuitry, and the like. Accordingly, the communication apparatus may be capable of performing other additional functions, such as executing application programs, and processing alternative communication protocols.
[0026] The processes and functions described herein can be implemented as a computer program which, when executed by one or more processors, can cause the one or more processors to perform the respective processes and functions. The computer program may be stored or distributed on a suitable medium, such as an optical storage medium or a solid-state medium supplied together with, or as part of, other hardware. The computer program may also be distributed in other forms, such as via the Internet or other wired or wireless telecommunication systems. For example, the computer program can be obtained and loaded into an apparatus, including obtaining the computer program through physical medium or distributed system, including, for example, from a server connected to the Internet.
[0027] The computer program may be accessible from a computer-readable medium providing program instructions for use by or in connection with a computer or any instruction execution system. A computer readable medium may include any apparatus that stores, communicates, propagates, or transports the computer program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer-readable medium can be magnetic, optical, electronic, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system (or apparatus or device) or a propagation medium. The computer-readable medium may include a computer-readable non-transitory storage medium such as a semiconductor or solid state memory, magnetic tape, a removable computer diskette, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , a magnetic disk and an optical disk, and the like. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium can include all types of computer readable medium, including magnetic storage medium, optical storage medium, flash medium and solid state storage medium.
[0028] While aspects of the present disclosure have been described in conjunction with the specific embodiments thereof that are proposed as examples, alternatives, modifications, and variations to the examples may be made. Accordingly, embodiments as set forth herein are intended to be illustrative and not limiting. There are changes that may be made without departing from the scope of the claims set forth below.
Claims
1.A method for expanding the ISI-free sensing range in an OFDM-based integrated communication and sensing system, comprising:performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on each symbol of the multi-level frequency-domain reference signal;removing a portion of each sensing reference signal symbol at the sensing receiver according to the sensing requirements and capabilities; andperforming phase rotation and fast Fourier transform (FFT) on the remaining reference signal symbols at the sensing receiver.2.The method of claim 1, wherein for reference signal multi-level configuration framework only for frequency domain for ISAC system based on OFDM, comprising: the 1st-level defined as an entire RS pattern, with the length of 12 REs in frequency domain, where RE spacing within the 1st -level Ssub, 1 in unit of RE; the 2nd -level defined as RB burst , which is composed of at least of one RB, spacing between the adjacent RB defined as Ssub, 2 in unit of RE; the 3rd -level RB configured with RB burst spacing Ssub, 3 in unit of RE; staggering offset for the ith symbol denoted as Fi.3.The method of claim 1, wherein for three-level reference signal framework in frequency domain, wherein three-level degenerates to two-level framework if only one RB in each RB burst or Ssub, 3=Ssub, 2, and three-level framework degenerates to single-level framework (uniform design) , when Ssub, 3=Ssub, 2=Ssub, 1.4.The method of claim 1, wherein each symbol can be divided into Г parts, where for three-level configuration framework in frequency domain, Г is common factor of Ssub, 1, Ssub, 2 and Ssub, 3; for two-level configuration framework in frequency domain, Г is common factor of Ssub, 1, Ssub, 2; for single-level configuration framework in frequency domain, Г =Ssub, 1.5.The method of claim 1, wherein the portion removable by the sensing receiver is the first h part of sensing reference signal symbol, where h=0, 1, ..., Г-1, and the resulting ISI-free delay range becoming min OFDM symbol duration denoted as Ts, CP duration denoted as TCP.