Dynamic feedback adaptation for satellite communications
Dynamic HARQ mode switching based on satellite trajectory optimizes NTN communications by reducing latency and improving efficiency, addressing HARQ stalling and data loss in satellite networks.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- APPLE INC
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-16
AI Technical Summary
Non-terrestrial network (NTN) communications face challenges with higher path loss, longer delays, and lower transmit power, leading to HARQ stalling and data service interruptions due to HARQ-ACK processes in satellite communications.
Dynamic switching between different HARQ modes based on the projected or estimated trajectory of the satellite, including disabling HARQ-ACK feedback in favorable conditions and enabling TTI bundling in poor conditions to optimize data transmission efficiency and reduce latency.
Enhances data transmission efficiency, reduces latency, and improves user experience by aligning HARQ modes with satellite trajectory, avoiding HARQ stalling and data loss in NTN systems.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025071679_16072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DYNAMIC FEEDBACK ADAPTATION FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, and more specifically to dynamic feedback adaptation for satellite communications.BACKGROUND
[0002] Wireless communication networks provide integrated communication platforms and telecommunication services to wireless user devices. Example telecommunication services include telephony, data (e.g., voice, audio, and / or video data) , messaging, and / or other services. The wireless communication networks have wireless access nodes that exchange wireless signals with the wireless user devices using one or more wireless network protocols, such as protocols described in various telecommunication standards promulgated by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . The wireless communication networks facilitate mobile broadband service using technologies such as Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) , Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) , advanced channel coding, massive MIMO, beamforming, and / or other features.SUMMARY
[0003] One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method including: determining a trajectory of a satellite corresponding to a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) over a time range; transmitting a request to switch from a first feedback mode to a second feedback mode for at least a portion of the time range based on the determined trajectory of the satellite; and receiving an indication to use the second feedback mode for at least the portion of the time range in accordance with the request.
[0004] In some implementations, determining the trajectory of the satellite includes obtaining a set of data points that indicate the trajectory of the satellite over the time range.
[0005] In some implementations, each data point of the set of data points includes a projected elevation angle and a time at which the satellite will reach the projected elevation angle.
[0006] In some implementations, the method further includes selecting the second feedback mode based on a predicted or observed Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) of signals from the satellite.
[0007] In some implementations, the method further includes selecting the second feedback mode based on a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) or a Block Error Rate (BLER) of a non-terrestrial communication link between the satellite and a User Equipment (UE) .
[0008] In some implementations, transmitting the request to switch from the first feedback mode to the second feedback mode includes transmitting Uplink Control Information (UCI) or a Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) including the request to switch from the first feedback mode to the second feedback mode.
[0009] In some implementations, receiving the indication to use the second feedback mode includes receiving Downlink Control Information (DCI) , a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message, or a MAC-CE that configures the second feedback mode for at least the portion of the time range.
[0010] In some implementations, determining the trajectory of the satellite includes determining that an elevation angle of the satellite will be above a threshold for at least the portion of the time range.
[0011] In some implementations, determining the trajectory of the satellite includes determining that an elevation angle of the satellite will be below a threshold for at least the portion of the time range.
[0012] In some implementations, determining the trajectory of the satellite includes determining that an elevation angle of the satellite will be between a first threshold and a second threshold for at least the portion of the time range.
[0013] In some implementations, determining the trajectory of the satellite includes determining that a predicted or observed amplitude of signals received from the satellite will be above a threshold for at least the portion of the time range.
[0014] In some implementations, determining the trajectory of the satellite includes determining that a predicted or observed amplitude of signals received from the satellite will be below a threshold for at least the portion of the time range.
[0015] In some implementations, determining the trajectory of the satellite includes determining that a predicted or observed amplitude of signals received from the satellite will be between a first threshold and a second threshold for at least the portion of the time range.
[0016] In some implementations, the method further includes disabling Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) Acknowledgement (ACK) feedback and retransmissions during at least the portion of the time range in accordance with the second feedback mode.
[0017] In some implementations, the method further includes enabling HARQ-ACK feedback during at least the portion of the time range in accordance with the second feedback mode.
[0018] In some implementations, the method further includes enabling HARQ-ACK feedback and Transmission Time Interval (TTI) bundling for at least the portion of the time range in accordance with the second feedback mode.
[0019] In some implementations, the method further includes receiving control signaling that configures one or more elevation angle thresholds to use for switching between a set of feedback modes including the first feedback mode and the second feedback mode.
[0020] In some implementations, the method further includes selecting the second feedback mode based on the trajectory of the satellite and a current location of the satellite.
[0021] In some implementations, the method further includes selecting the second feedback mode based on historic measurements of channel conditions across the trajectory of the satellite.
[0022] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method including: receiving a request to switch from a first feedback mode to a second feedback mode for at least a portion of a time range based on a trajectory of a satellite corresponding to an NTN over the time range; and transmitting an indication to use the second feedback mode for at least the portion of the time range in accordance with the request.
[0023] In some implementations, the method further includes transmitting control signaling that configures one or more elevation angle thresholds to use for switching between a set of feedback modes including the first feedback mode and the second feedback mode.
[0024] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a baseband processor configured to perform the method of any of the preceding claims.
[0025] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to an apparatus including one or more processors and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any of the preceding claims.
[0026] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors to perform the method of any of the preceding claims.
[0027] The details of one or more embodiments of these systems and methods are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of these systems and methods will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0028] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless network, according to some implementations.
[0029] FIG. 2 illustrates an example satellite communication network, according to some implementations.
[0030] FIG. 3 illustrates an example transmission in satellite communication, according to some implementations.
[0031] FIG. 4 illustrates a process flow of an example method for satellite feedback transmission.
[0032] FIG. 5 illustrates a graph showing an example relationship between satellite elevation angle and received signal amplitude, according to some implementations.
[0033] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of an example method for dynamic feedback adaptation, according to some implementations.
[0034] FIGs. 7 and 8 illustrate process flows of example methods for dynamic feedback transmission, according to some implementations.
[0035] FIGs. 9 and 10 illustrates flowcharts of example methods for dynamic feedback adaptation, according to some implementations.
[0036] FIG. 11 illustrates an example User Equipment (UE) , according to some implementations.
[0037] FIG. 12 illustrates an example access node, according to some implementations.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0038] In some wireless networks that support Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) communications, a satellite may be a network node in the communication path between a User Equipment (UE) and a base station, connecting the UE over a non-terrestrial communication link. In some cases, the satellite may be a base station; in other cases, the satellite acts as a repeater. In comparison to terrestrial communication links, non-terrestrial communication links may be associated with higher path loss, longer delays, lower transmit power, etc. These factors can affect the performance of Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) Acknowledgement (ACK) processes between the UE and satellite. When HARQ-ACK is enabled, the UE may experience data service interruptions due to HARQ stalling. When HARQ-ACK is disabled, the UE may experience higher data loss and longer delays, which can lead to poor user experience.
[0039] In accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, the UE may be configured to dynamically switch between different HARQ modes based on the projected or estimated trajectory of the satellite in relation to a present location of the UE. For example, the UE may be configured to select a first HARQ mode (where HARQ-ACK is disabled) , a second HARQ mode (where HARQ-ACK is enabled) , and a third HARQ mode (where HARQ-ACK is enabled with Transmission Time Interval (TTI) bundling) based on a relative angle of elevation between the UE and the satellite. The UE may determine the relative elevation angle based on a priori data provided by the network (e.g., the known path or trajectory of the satellite, the trajectory of the satellite in previous days collected by the UE) , ephemeris broadcasted by the satellite (e.g., the NTN) in real-time system information, signal measurements performed by the UE, or any combination thereof. After determining a suitable HARQ mode based on the trajectory of the satellite, the UE may transmit a request to switch to the selected HARQ mode.
[0040] The dynamic feedback adaptation techniques described herein can yield greater data transmission efficiency, reduced data transmission latency, more reliable data transmissions, improved data usage, and better user experience, among other benefits. For example, by switching to the first HARQ-ACK mode when channel conditions are favorable (e.g., when the satellite is at a maximum elevation angle) , the UE can avoid the latency associated with providing HARQ-ACK feedback to the satellite or waiting for HARQ-ACK feedback from the satellite. Likewise, by switching to the third HARQ-ACK mode when channel conditions are poor (e.g., when an elevation angle of the satellite is below a threshold) , the UE can use TTI bundling to avoid having to send or receive HARQ feedback for multiple retransmissions.
[0041] FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless network 100. The wireless network 100 includes a UE 102 and a base station 104 connected via one or more channels 106A, 106B across an air interface 108. The UE 102 and base station 104 communicate using a system that supports controls for managing the access of the UE 102 to a network via the base station 104.
[0042] In some implementations, the wireless network 100 is a Standalone (SA) network, e.g., that incorporates Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) . In some other implementations, the wireless network 100 is a Non-Standalone (NSA) network that incorporates Long Term Evolution (LTE) and 5G NR. In these implementations, the wireless network 100 may be a E-UTRA (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access) -NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) network, or an NR-EUTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC) network. Furthermore, wireless networks implementing one or more other types of communication standards are possible, including future 3GPP systems (e.g., Sixth Generation (6G) ) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 technology, or the like. While aspects may be described herein using terminology commonly associated with 5G NR, aspects of the present disclosure can be applied to other systems, such as systems subsequent to 5G (e.g., 6G) .
[0043] In the wireless network 100, the UE 102 and any other UE in the system may be, for example, any of a laptop computer, smartphone, tablet computer, machine-type device (such as smart meters or specialized devices for healthcare) , intelligent transportation system, or any other wireless device. In the wireless network 100, the base station 104 provides the UE 102 network connectivity to a broader network (not shown) . This UE 102 connectivity is provided via the air interface 108 in a base station service area provided by the base station 104. In some implementations, such a broader network may be a wide area network operated by a cellular network provider, or may be the Internet. Each base station service area associated with the base station 104 is supported by one or more antennas integrated with the base station 104. The service areas can be divided into a number of sectors associated with one or more particular antennas. Such sectors may be physically associated with one or more fixed antennas or may be assigned to a physical area with one or more tunable antennas or antenna settings adjustable in a beamforming process used to direct a signal to a particular sector.
[0044] The UE 102 includes control circuitry 110 coupled with transmit circuitry 112 and receive circuitry 114. The transmit circuitry 112 and receive circuitry 114 may each be coupled with one or more antennas. The control circuitry 110 may include application-specific circuitry, baseband circuitry, or any of various combinations thereof. The transmit circuitry 112 and receive circuitry 114 may be adapted to transmit and receive data, respectively, and may include radio frequency (RF) circuitry and / or front-end module (FEM) circuitry.
[0045] In various implementations, aspects of the transmit circuitry 112, receive circuitry 114, and / or control circuitry 110 may be integrated in various ways to implement the operations described herein. The control circuitry 110 may be adapted or configured to perform various operations, such as those described elsewhere in this disclosure related to a UE. For example, the control circuitry 110 can determine a suitable HARQ-ACK mode to use for NTN communications based on satellite location data and / or timing information provided by the base station 104.
[0046] The transmit circuitry 112 can perform various operations described herein. For example, the transmit circuitry 112 can transmit a request to switch from a first HARQ-ACK mode to a second HARQ-ACK mode based on a trajectory or elevation of the base station 104 (e.g., a satellite) . Additionally, the transmit circuitry 112 may transmit using a plurality of multiplexed uplink physical channels. The plurality of uplink physical channels may be multiplexed, e.g., according to time division multiplexing (TDM) or frequency division multiplexing (FDM) , and in some implementations, along with carrier aggregation. The transmit circuitry 112 may be configured to receive block data from the control circuitry 110 for transmission on the air interface 108.
[0047] The receive circuitry 114 can perform various operations described herein. For example, the receive circuitry 114 can receive a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message that configures the UE 102 to switch from a first HARQ-ACK mode to a second HARQ-ACK mode. Additionally, the receive circuitry 114 may receive a plurality of multiplexed downlink physical channels from the air interface 108 and relay the physical channels to the control circuitry 110. The plurality of downlink physical channels may be multiplexed, e.g., according to TDM or FDM, e.g., along with carrier aggregation. The transmit circuitry 112 and the receive circuitry 114 may transmit and receive, respectively, both control data and content data (e.g., messages, images, video, etc. ) structured within data blocks that are carried by the physical channels.
[0048] FIG. 1 also illustrates the base station 104. In some implementations, the base station 104 may be a 5G radio access network (RAN) , a next generation RAN, an Enhanced Universal Telecommunications Radio Acess Network (E-UTRAN) , a non-terrestrial cell, or a legacy RAN, such as a UTRAN. As used herein, the term “5G RAN” or the like may refer to the base station 104 that operates in an NR wireless network 100, and the term “E-UTRAN” or the like may refer to a base station 104 that operates in an LTE wireless network 100. The UE 102 utilizes connections (or channels) 106A, 106B, each of which includes a physical communications interface or layer.
[0049] The base station 104 circuitry may include control circuitry 116 coupled (directly or indirectly) with transmit circuitry 118 and / or receive circuitry 120. The transmit circuitry 118 and receive circuitry 120 may each be coupled (directly or indirectly) with one or more antennas that may be used to enable communications via the air interface 108. The transmit circuitry 118 and receive circuitry 120 may be adapted to transmit and receive data, respectively, addressed to any UE connected to the base station 104. The receive circuitry 120 may receive a plurality of uplink physical channels from one or more UEs, including the UE 102.
[0050] In FIG. 1, the one or more channels 106A, 106B are illustrated as an air interface to enable communicative coupling, and can be consistent with cellular communications protocols, such as an LTE protocol, Advanced LTE (LTE-A) protocol, LTE-based access to unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) , NR protocol, NR-based access to unlicensed spectrum (NR-U) protocol, and / or any other communications protocol (s) . In some implementations, the UE 102 may directly exchange communication data via a ProSe interface. The ProSe interface may alternatively be referred to as a sidelink interface and may include one or more logical channels, including but not limited to a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) , a Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH) , and a Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH) .
[0051] FIG. 2 illustrates an example satellite communication network 200, according to some implementations. The satellite communication network 200 illustrates various satellite communication types, such as High-Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) , Low Earth Orbit (LEO) , Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) , Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO) . As shown in FIG. 2, the elevation of a HAPS cell is typically around 20 kilometers (km) , and the coverage area of a HAPS cell is roughly 100km. The elevation of a LEO cell is typically between 400 and 1, 500km, and the coverage area of a LEO cell is roughly 1,000km. The elevation of a MEO cell is typically around 8,000km, and the coverage area of a MEO cell is roughly 10,000km. The elevation of a GEO cell is typically around 35,000km, and the coverage area of a GEO cell is roughly 15,000km.
[0052] FIG. 3 illustrates an example transmission in satellite communication 300, according to some implementations. The satellite communication 300 shows the relative time delay between transmission of a transport block (TB) and HARQ ACK or negative acknowledgement (NACK) feedback, assuming a Subcarrier Spacing (SCS) of 15 kilohertz (kHz) and a slot duration of 1 millisecond (ms) . As described herein, some NR NTN systems may experience large signal propagation delay because of the relatively long distance between the UE 302 and the satellite 304. This propagation delay (Delay Tprop1, Delay Tprop2) can adversely impact HARQ-ACK processes between the UE 302 and the satellite 304, as ACK / NACK feedback for each TB must be received within a threshold time range (THARQ) . Table 1 shows the maximum THARQ value for different NTN scenarios. Table 1: HARQ Timeframes for NTN Scenarios
[0053] As an example, if the satellite 304 transmits a TB for the first time, the UE 302 may not receive the TB until a later time slot (Tslot) . Likewise, if the UE 302 transmits ACK / NACK feedback for the TB, the satellite 304 may not receive the ACK / NACK feedback until a later time slot. There may also be a processing delay (Tproc1) between reception of the TB and transmission of the ACK / NACK feedback. Likewise, there may be a processing delay (Tproc2) between reception of the ACK / NACK feedback and retransmission of the TB. In FIG. 3, redundancy version (RV) 0 denotes the first transmission of the TB, and RV1 denotes a retransmission of the TB.
[0054] FIG. 4 illustrates a process flow of an example method 400 for satellite feedback transmission. The method 400 of FIG. 4 reflects the current HARQ procedure for NTN systems. As described herein, some NTN systems experience HARQ stalling due to large path loss and propagation delay. In terrestrial networks, HARQ processes keep their buffer until acknowledged by the peer entity, and do not accept new data until the previous buffer is acknowledged (since that data may have to be retransmitted if a NACK is received from the peer entity) . However, due to higher delays in NTN systems, HARQ processes may keep their buffer for a longer time. For NTN deployments with only 16 HARQ processes, all HARQ processes may be holding their buffer and waiting for an ACK, which can result in HARQ stalling due to unavailability of HARQ processes for new data transmission.
[0055] To avoid the possibility of HARQ stalling due to longer delays receiving HARQ-ACK (as a result of higher propagation time in NTN) , the network can disable HARQ-ACK for individual downlink HARQ processes. Additional uplink HARQ modes (Mode A and Mode B) can be used to configure uplink HARQ with or without retransmission. New logical channel prioritization rules can also be used to map uplink logical channels to uplink HARQ with or without retransmission. The number of HARQ processes can also be increased from 16 to 32. However, some of these features are based on UE capability, meaning the network can only use these features if the UE supports them.
[0056] HARQ-ACK feedback can be enabled or disabled via RRC signaling. In some implementations, the enabling or disabling of HARQ uplink retransmission can be configured per-UE, per-HARQ process, or per-logical channel (LCH) . Multiple transmissions of the same TB in a bundle (e.g., where the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer schedules packets in a bundle with pdsch-AggregationFactor > 1 for downlink and pusch-AggregationFactor > 1 for the uplink) can be used to lower the residual Block Error Rate (BLER) , particularly when HARQ-ACK feedback is disabled.
[0057] When HARQ-ACK is enabled for downlink NTN, HARQ processes may time out and users may experience data service interruptions due to HARQ stalling. When HARQ-ACK is disabled, there is no Physical Layer (PHY) data guarantee provided by HARQ retransmission. Under specific link conditions, this could cause performance issues, data loss, and long delays. For example, large path loss (e.g., ~170 dB) , high Doppler shift (e.g., dozens of kHz) , and large Round Trip Delay (RTD) values (e.g., ~540ms in GEO) can adversely impact HARQ-ACK processes in NTN deployments.
[0058] Existing Radio Link Control (RLC) transmission modes, such as Acknowledged Mode (AM) , Unacknowledged Mode (UM) , and Transparent Mode (TM) are based on PHY layer HARQ data guarantees. Disabling HARQ-ACK feedback (and the accompanying PHY data guarantee) can present user experience challenges. For RLC AM processes (e.g., data services) , there is no PHY feedback and retransmission. RLC or Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) retransmission can be used, but the RLC / PDCP retransmission time can be up to 3.0s. High PHY BLER can also lead to data pending in RLC reassembly and PDCP reordering. This can result in long data delays and higher RLC / PDCP memory requirements. For RLC UM and TM processes like Voice over NR (VoNR) , there is no PHY feedback or retransmission, and high PHY BLER can lead to data loss, bad voice quality, retransmission timeout (RTT) , call drops, etc.
[0059] In the example method 400 of FIG. 4, the network configures the UE 402 to use either a first HARQ-ACK mode (e.g., a normal HARQ mode) , or a second HARQ-ACK mode (e.g., a disable ACK-NACK HARQ mode) , which can cause poor performance depending on the elevation of the satellite 404 in relation to the location of the UE. For example, when the UE 402 is in a region with a lower data transmission success rate, using disable ACK-NACK HARQ mode may result in data loss. When the UE 402 is in a region with higher data transmission success rate, using a normal HARQ mode may result in latency waiting for ACK feedback. To avoid the possibility of HARQ stalling due to long delays in receiving HARQ-ACK feedback (as a result of higher propagation times in NTN systems) , the network can disable HARQ-ACK feedback for individual downlink HARQ processes. The UE 402 and the network satellite 404 (e.g., a non-terrestrial base station) may coordinate to enable or disable HARQ-ACK feedback for downlink or uplink. However, enabling or disabling HARQ-ACK for the duration of the connection between the UE 402 and the satellite 404 may not account for changes in elevation angle, received signal amplitude, and other channel conditions that vary based on satellite trajectory.
[0060] FIG. 5 illustrates a graph 500 showing an example relationship between satellite elevation angle and received signal amplitude, according to some implementations. FIG. 5 shows the rising and falling edge of a satellite path / trajectory. In LEO / MEO NTN, coverage may improve as the satellite moves to a higher elevation angle with respect to the location of the UE. As shown, at time X-1, the relative position of the satellite with the UE is in a bad elevation region (e.g., an elevation angle range where an average or instantaneous received signal amplitude is below a first threshold) ; at time X, the relative position of the satellite with the UE is in an edge elevation region (e.g., an elevation angle range where an average or instantaneous received signal amplitude is above a first threshold but below a second threshold) ; and at time X+1, the relative position of the satellite with the UE is in a good elevation region (e.g., an elevation angle range where an average or instantaneous received signal amplitude is above a second threshold) . Accordingly, on the rising edge, the probability of PHY data transmission success at time X+1 is greater than the probability of PHY data transmission success at time X, which in turn is greater than the probability of PHY data transmission success at time X-1 . On the falling edge, the probability of PHY data transmission success at time Y+1 is less than the probability of PHY data transmission success at time Y, which in turn is less than the probability of PHY data transmission success at time Y-1.
[0061] The UE can determine the elevation angle of the satellite based on field-measured data (multiple iterations) or a priori data that is known in advance. In some implementations, the UE knows the approximate path or trajectory of the satellite for a given time range (e.g., 7 days, 14 days) . Different HARQ-ACK configurations may be suitable for different parts of the satellite trajectory. For example, a first HARQ mode (e.g., HARQ-ACK disabled mode with no retransmission, also referred to as “HARQ-ACK mode 1” ) may be suitable for regions with good cell coverage, a second HARQ mode (e.g., a normal HARQ-ACK mode, also referred to as “HARQ-ACK mode 2” ) may be suitable for areas with tolerable cell coverage, and a third HARQ mode (e.g., a TTI bundling mode with HARQ-ACK enabled, also referred to as “HARQ-ACK mode 3” ) may be suitable for regions with poor cell coverage, high BLER, low signal quality, etc.
[0062] As described herein, TTI bundling refers to the process of transmitting the same data packet or TB multiple times within a given bundling period (e.g., one or more time slots) , which can increase the probability of the receiver successfully decoding the TB (e.g., using soft combining techniques) . For example, rather than sending a TB once in a TTI, the UE may repeat the same TB across multiple consecutive TTIs or slots. The bundled transmissions share the same HARQ process ID, so the receiver (e.g., the satellite) does not have to provide ACK / NACK feedback after each transmission.
[0063] Using the first HARQ mode in regions with better cell quality can reduce the latency associated with HARQ-ACK feedback, and may result in greater efficiency. Using the second HARQ mode in regions with acceptable cell coverage (e.g., moderate BLER) can prevent data loss and provide better efficiency. Using the third HARQ mode in regions with poor cell quality can help avoid the delays associated with providing HARQ feedback for multiple retransmissions. Tables 2-4 show example RV mapping schemes for each HARQ mode. Table 2: RV Mapping for HARQ-ACK mode 1 (Disable HARQ-ACK) Table 3: RV Mapping for HARQ-ACK mode 2 (Enable HARQ-ACK) Table 4: RV Mapping for HARQ-ACK mode 3 (Enable HARQ-ACK with TTI Bundling)
[0064] In the first HARQ mode (HARQ-ACK mode 1 or disable HARQ-ACK mode) , the UE continues to transmit new data (RV0) without waiting for ACK / NACK feedback from the network. In the second HARQ mode (HARQ-ACK mode 2 or normal HARQ-ACK mode) , the UE waits for ACK / NACK feedback before transmitting new data. If the UE receives a NACK for the previous data, the UE retransmits the same data (RV1) .
[0065] In accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, a UE may change HARQ modes according to the projected / estimated trajectory of the satellite base station. For example, in a region with poor channel conditions (e.g., Time < X-1, Time > Y+1) , the UE may use the third HARQ mode (HARQ-ACK mode 3 or TTI bundling mode) . In a region with tolerable channel conditions (e.g., X-1 < Time < X+1) , the UE may use the second HARQ mode. In a region with favorable channel conditions (e.g., X+1 < Time < Y-1) , the UE may use the first HARQ mode.
[0066] In some implementations, the UE and the NTN can align the HARQ mode change time (s) according to the trajectory of the NTN satellite or base station serving the UE. In other implementations, the UE and the NTN can synchronize HARQ mode changes via Uplink Control Information (UCI) or a MAC Control Element (MAC-CE) according to the trajectory of the NTN satellite or base station.
[0067] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 600 for dynamic feedback adaptation, according to some implementations. The method 600 uses satellite trajectory evaluation for NTN LEO / MEO scenarios. As described with reference to FIG. 5, in regions with poor channel conditions (e.g., Time < X-1, Time > Y+1) , the UE may use the third HARQ mode (e.g., TTI bundling mode) . In regions with tolerable channel conditions (e.g., X-1 < Time < X+1) , the UE may use the second HARQ mode (e.g., normal HARQ mode) . In regions with favorable channel conditions (e.g., X+1 < Time < Y-1) , the UE may use the first HARQ mode (disable HARQ-ACK mode) .
[0068] FIG. 7 illustrates a process flow of an example method 700 for dynamic feedback transmission, according to some implementations. In some implementations, the UE 702 is similar to the UE 102 of FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 7, in the method 700, the UE 702 determines a HARQ mode change based on a projected / estimated trajectory of the satellite 704. The UE 702 may determine the trajectory of the satellite 704 based on known data (e.g., timing information and location data that collectively indicate the path or trajectory of the satellite 704) . As shown in FIG. 7, the UE 702 may transmit a UCI message to request a HARQ mode change based on the current time and the projected location or elevation of the satellite 704. The satellite 704 (e.g., the network ) may confirm the requested HARQ mode change via Downlink Control Information (DCI) , a MAC-CE, or an RRC message.
[0069] FIG. 8 illustrates a process flow of an example method 800 for dynamic feedback transmission, according to some implementations. In some implementations, the UE 702 is similar to the UE 102 of FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 8, in the method 800, the UE 802 determines a HARQ mode change based on a projected / estimated trajectory of the satellite 804 and one or more channel measurements of an NTN communication link between the UE 802 and the satellite 804. . The channel measurements may include, for example, a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) , Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) , or BLER of the NTN communication link between the UE 802 and the satellite 804. In some implementations, the UE 802 determines the trajectory of the satellite 804 based on location data provided by the satellite 804 or another base station. As shown in FIG. 8, the UE 802 may transmit a UCI message or a MAC-CE to request a HARQ mode change. The satellite 804 (e.g., the network) may confirm the requested HARQ mode change via DCI, a MAC-CE, or an RRC message.
[0070] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 900, according to some implementations. For clarity of presentation, the method 900 is described in the context of the preceding figures. For example, the method 900 can be performed by the UE 102 of FIG. 1, or any suitable system, environment, software, hardware, or combination thereof. In some implementations, operations of the method 900 can be run in parallel, in combination, in loops, or in any order. The example method 900 shown in FIG. 9 can be modified or reconfigured to include additional, fewer, or different steps (not shown in FIG. 9) , which can be performed in the order shown or in a different order.
[0071] At 902, the method 900 includes determining a trajectory of a satellite affiliated with an NTN over a time range.
[0072] At 904, the method 900 includes transmitting a request to switch from a first feedback mode (e.g., HARQ mode) to a second feedback mode for at least a portion of the time range based on the trajectory of the satellite affiliated with the NTN. In some implementations, the first feedback mode is HARQ mode 1 (e.g., HARQ-ACK disabled mode with no retransmission) , and the second feedback mode is HARQ mode 2 (e.g., normal HARQ-ACK mode) . In other examples, the first feedback mode is HARQ mode 2, and the second feedback mode is HARQ mode 3 (e.g., TTI bundling with HARQ-ACK enabled) .
[0073] At 906, the method 900 includes receiving an indication to use the second feedback mode for at least the portion of the time range in accordance with the request.
[0074] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 1000, according to some implementations. For clarity of presentation, the method 1000 is described in the context of the preceding figures. For example, the method 1000 can be performed by the base station 104 of FIG. 1, or any suitable system, environment, software, hardware, or combination thereof. In some implementations, operations of the method 1000 can be run in parallel, in combination, in loops, or in any order. The example method 1000 shown in FIG. 10 can be modified or reconfigured to include additional, fewer, or different steps (not shown in FIG. 10) , which can be performed in the order shown or in a different order.
[0075] At 1004, the method 1000 includes receiving a request to switch from a first feedback mode to a second feedback mode for at least a portion of a time range based on a trajectory of a satellite corresponding to an NTN over the time range. In some examples, the first feedback mode is HARQ mode 1 (e.g., HARQ-ACK disabled mode with no retransmission) , and the second feedback mode is HARQ mode 2 (e.g., normal HARQ-ACK mode) . In other examples, the first feedback mode is HARQ mode 2, and the second feedback mode is HARQ mode 3 (e.g., TTI bundling with HARQ-ACK enabled) .
[0076] At 1006, the method 1000 includes transmitting an indication to use the second feedback mode for at least the portion of the time range in accordance with the request.
[0077] FIG. 11 illustrates an example UE 1100. The UE 1100 may be similar to and / or substantially interchangeable with UE 102 of FIG. 1. The UE 1100 may include any mobile or non-mobile computing device, such as, for example, a mobile phone, computer, tablet, industrial wireless sensors, video device (for example, cameras, video cameras, etc. ) , wearable devices (for example, a smart watch) , relaxed-IoT devices, etc.
[0078] The UE 1100 may include any / all of processor 1102, RF interface circuitry 1104, memory / storage 1106, user interface 1108, sensors 1110, driver circuitry 1112, power management integrated circuit (PMIC) 1114, one or more antenna (s) 1116, and battery 1118. The components of the UE 1100 may be implemented as integrated circuits (ICs) , portions thereof, discrete electronic devices, or other modules, logic, hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. The block diagram of FIG. 11 is intended to show a high-level view of some of the components of the UE 1100. However, some of the components shown may be omitted, additional components may be present, and a different arrangement of the components shown may occur in other implementations.
[0079] The components of the UE 1100 may be coupled with various other components over one or more interconnects 1120, which may represent any type of interface, input / output, bus (local, system, or expansion) , transmission line, trace, optical connection, etc., that allows various circuit components (on common or different chips or chipsets) to interact with one another.
[0080] The processor 1102 may include one or more processors. For example, the processor 1102 may include processor circuitry such as, for example, baseband processor circuitry (BB) 1122A, central processor unit circuitry (CPU) 1122B, and graphics processor unit circuitry (GPU) 1122C. The processor 1102 may include any type of circuitry or processor circuitry that executes or otherwise operates computer-executable instructions, such as program code, software modules, or functional processes from memory / storage 1106 to cause the UE 1100 to perform operations as described herein.
[0081] In some implementations, the baseband processor circuitry 1122A may access a communication protocol stack 1124 in the memory / storage 1106 to communicate over a 3GPP compatible network. In general, the baseband processor circuitry 1122A may access the communication protocol stack to: perform user plane functions at a PHY layer, MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, and Protocol Data Unit (PDU) layer; and perform control plane functions at a PHY layer, MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, RRC layer, and a non-access stratum layer. In some implementations, the PHY layer operations may additionally / alternatively be performed by the components of the RF interface circuitry 1104. The baseband processor circuitry 1122A may generate or process baseband signals or waveforms that carry information in 3GPP-compatible networks. In some implementations, the waveforms for NR may be based cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) “CP-OFDM” in the uplink or downlink, and discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM “DFT-S-OFDM” in the uplink.
[0082] The memory / storage 1106 may include one or more non-transitory, computer-readable media that includes instructions (for example, communication protocol stack 1124) that may be executed by the processor 1102 to cause the UE 1100 to perform various operations described herein. The memory / storage 1106 include any type of volatile or non-volatile memory that may be distributed throughout the UE 1100. In some implementations, some of the memory / storage 1106 may be located on the processor 1102 itself (for example, L1 and L2 cache) , while other memory / storage 1106 is external to the processor 1102 but accessible thereto via a memory interface. The memory / storage 1106 may include any suitable volatile or non-volatile memory such as, but not limited to, dynamic random access memory (DRAM) , static random access memory (SRAM) , erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM) , Flash memory, solid-state memory, or any other type of memory device technology.
[0083] The RF interface circuitry 1104 may include transceiver circuitry and radio frequency front module (RFEM) that allows the UE 1100 to communicate with other devices over a radio access network. The RF interface circuitry 1104 may include various elements arranged in transmit or receive paths. These elements may include, for example, switches, mixers, amplifiers, filters, synthesizer circuitry, control circuitry, etc.
[0084] In the receive path, the RFEM may receive a radiated signal from an air interface via antenna (s) 1116 and proceed to filter and amplify (with a low-noise amplifier) the signal. The signal may be provided to a receiver of the transceiver that downconverts the RF signal into a baseband signal that is provided to the baseband processor.
[0085] In the transmit path, the transmitter of the transceiver up-converts the baseband signal received from the baseband processor and provides the RF signal to the RFEM. The RFEM may amplify the RF signal through a power amplifier prior to the signal being radiated across the air interface via the antenna (s) 1116. In various implementations, the RF interface circuitry 1104 may be configured to transmit / receive signals in a manner compatible with NR access technologies.
[0086] The antenna (s) 1116 may include one or more antenna elements to convert electrical signals into radio waves to travel through the air and to convert received radio waves over the air into electrical signals. In some implementations, the antenna elements may be arranged into one or more antenna panels. The antenna (s) 1116 may have antenna panels that are omnidirectional, directional, or a combination thereof, to enable beamforming and multiple input, multiple output communications. The antenna (s) 1116 may include any / all of microstrip antennas, printed antennas fabricated on the surface of one or more printed circuit boards, patch antennas, phased array antennas, etc. The antenna (s) 1116 may have one or more panels designed for one or more specific frequency bands, such as bands in Frequency Range 1 (FR1) or Frequency Range 2 (FR2) .
[0087] The user interface 1108 includes various input / output (I / O) devices designed to enable user interaction with the UE 1100. The user interface 1108 includes input device circuitry and output device circuitry. Input device circuitry includes any physical or virtual means for accepting an input including, inter alia, one or more physical or virtual buttons (for example, a reset button) , a physical keyboard, keypad, mouse, touchpad, touchscreen, microphones, scanner, headset, or the like. The output device circuitry includes any physical or virtual means for showing information or otherwise conveying information, such as sensor readings, actuator position (s) , or other like information. Output device circuitry may include any number or combinations of audio or visual display, including, inter alia, one or more simple visual outputs / indicators (for example, binary status indicators such as light emitting diodes “LEDs” and multi-character visual outputs) , or more complex outputs such as display devices or touchscreens (for example, liquid crystal displays “LCDs, ” LED displays, quantum dot displays, projectors, etc. ) , with the output of characters, graphics, multimedia objects, and the like being generated or produced from the operation of the UE 1100.
[0088] The sensors 1110 may include devices, modules, or subsystems whose purpose is to detect events or changes in its environment and send the information (sensor data) about the detected events to some other device, module, subsystem, etc. Examples of such sensors include, inter alia, inertia measurement units including accelerometers, gyroscopes, or magnetometers; microelectromechanical systems or nanoelectromechanical systems including 3-axis accelerometers, 3-axis gyroscopes, or magnetometers; level sensors; temperature sensors (for example, thermistors) ; pressure sensors; image capture devices (for example, cameras or lensless apertures) ; light detection and ranging sensors; proximity sensors (for example, infrared radiation detector and the like) ; depth sensors; ambient light sensors; ultrasonic transceivers; microphones or other like audio capture devices; etc.
[0089] The driver circuitry 1112 may include software and hardware elements that operate to control particular devices that are embedded in the UE 1100, attached to the UE 1100, or otherwise communicatively coupled with the UE 1100. The driver circuitry 1112 may include individual drivers allowing other components to interact with or control various input / output (I / O) devices that may be present within, or connected to, the UE 1100. For example, driver circuitry 1112 may include a display driver to control and allow access to a display device, a touchscreen driver to control and allow access to a touchscreen interface, sensor drivers to obtain sensor readings of sensors 1110 and control and allow access to sensors 1110, drivers to obtain actuator positions of electro-mechanic components or control and allow access to the electro-mechanic components, a camera driver to control and allow access to an embedded image capture device, audio drivers to control and allow access to one or more audio devices.
[0090] The PMIC 1114 may manage power provided to various components of the UE 1100. In particular, with respect to the processor 1102, the PMIC 1114 may control power-source selection, voltage scaling, battery charging, or DC-to-DC conversion.
[0091] In some implementations, the PMIC 1114 may control, or otherwise be part of, various power saving mechanisms of the UE 1100. A battery 1118 may power the UE 1100, although in some examples the UE 1100 may be mounted deployed in a fixed location, and may have a power supply coupled to an electrical grid. The battery 1118 may be a lithium ion battery, a metal-air battery, such as a zinc-air battery, an aluminum-air battery, a lithium-air battery, and the like. In some implementations, such as in vehicle-based applications, the battery 1118 may be a typical lead-acid automotive battery.
[0092] FIG. 12 illustrates an example access node 1200 (e.g., a base station or gNB) , according to some implementations. The access node 1200 may be similar to and substantially interchangeable with base station 104. The access node 1200 may include one or more of processor 1202, RF interface circuitry 1204, core network (CN) interface circuitry 1206, memory / storage circuitry 1208, and one or more antenna (s) 1210. The processor 1202 may include any type of circuitry or processor circuitry that executes or otherwise operates computer-executable instructions, such as program code, software modules, or functional processes from memory / storage circuitry 1208 to cause the access node 1200 to perform operations as described herein.
[0093] The components of the access node 1200 may be coupled with various other components over one or more interconnects 1212. The processor 1202, RF interface circuitry 1204, memory / storage circuitry 1208 (including communication protocol stack 1214) , antenna (s) 1210, and interconnects 1212 may be similar to like-named elements shown and described with respect to FIG. 11. For example, the processor 1202 may include processor circuitry such as, for example, baseband processor circuitry (BB) 1216A, central processor unit circuitry (CPU) 1216B, and graphics processor unit circuitry (GPU) 1216C.
[0094] The CN interface circuitry 1206 may provide connectivity to a core network, for example, a 5th Generation Core network (5GC) using a 5GC-compatible network interface protocol such as carrier Ethernet protocols, or some other suitable protocol. Network connectivity may be provided to / from the access node 1200 via a fiber optic or wireless backhaul. The CN interface circuitry 1206 may include one or more dedicated processors or Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to communicate using one or more of the aforementioned protocols. In some implementations, the CN interface circuitry 1206 may include multiple controllers to provide connectivity to other networks using the same or different protocols.
[0095] As used herein, the terms “access node, ” “access point, ” or the like may describe equipment that provides the radio baseband functions for data and / or voice connectivity between a network and one or more users. These access nodes can be referred to as Base Stations (BS) , gNBs, RAN nodes, eNBs, NodeBs, Roadside Units (RSU) , TRxPs or Transmission and Reception Points (TRP) , and so forth, and can include ground stations (e.g., terrestrial access points) or satellite stations providing coverage within a geographic area (e.g., a cell) . As used herein, the term “NG RAN node” or the like may refer to an access node 1200 that operates in an NR or 5G system (for example, a gNB) , and the term “E-UTRAN node” or the like may refer to an access node 1200 that operates in an LTE or 4G system (e.g., an eNB) . According to various implementations, the access node 1200 may be implemented as one or more of a dedicated physical device such as a macrocell base station, and / or a low power (LP) base station for providing femtocells, picocells or other like cells having smaller coverage areas, smaller user capacity, or higher bandwidth compared to macrocells.
[0096] In some implementations, all or parts of the access node 1200 may be implemented as one or more software entities running on server computers as part of a virtual network, which may be referred to as a Centralized Radio Access Network (CRAN) and / or a virtual Baseband Unit Pool (vBBUP) . In Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) scenarios, the access node 1200 may be or act as a “Road Side Unit. ” The term “Road Side Unit” or “RSU” may refer to any transportation infrastructure entity used for V2X communications. An RSU may be implemented in or by a suitable RAN node or a stationary (or relatively stationary) UE, where an RSU implemented in or by a UE may be referred to as a “UE-type RSU, ” an RSU implemented in or by an eNB may be referred to as an “eNB-type RSU, ” an RSU implemented in or by a gNB may be referred to as a “gNB-type RSU, ” and the like.
[0097] Various components may be described as performing a task or tasks, for convenience in the description. Such descriptions should be interpreted as including the phrase “configured to. ” Reciting a component that is configured to perform one or more tasks is expressly intended not to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112 (f) interpretation for that component.
[0098] For one or more embodiments, at least one of the components set forth in one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, or methods as set forth in the example section below. For example, the baseband circuitry as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth below. For another example, circuitry associated with a UE, base station, network element, etc., as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth below.
[0099] Any of the foregoing examples can be combined with any other example (or combination of examples) , unless explicitly stated otherwise. The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of embodiments to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of various embodiments.
[0100] Although the embodiments above have been described in considerable detail, numerous variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such variations and modifications.
[0101] As described above, one aspect of the present technology may relate to the gathering and use of data available from specific and legitimate sources to allow for interaction with a second device for a data transfer. The present disclosure contemplates that in some instances, this gathered data may include personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to identify a specific person. Such personal information data can include demographic data, location-based data, online identifiers, telephone numbers, email addresses, home addresses, data or records relating to a user’s health or level of fitness (e.g., vital signs measurements, medication information, exercise information) , date of birth, or any other personal information.
[0102] The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information data, in the present technology, can be used to the benefit of users. For example, the personal information data can be used to provide for secure data transfers occurring between a first device and a second device. The personal information data may further be utilized for identifying an account associated with the user from a service provider for completing a data transfer.
[0103] The present disclosure contemplates that those entities responsible for the collection, analysis, disclosure, transfer, storage, or other use of such personal information data will comply with well-established privacy policies and / or privacy practices. In particular, such entities would be expected to implement and consistently apply privacy practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. Such information regarding the use of personal data should be prominent and easily accessible by users, and should be updated as the collection and / or use of data changes. Personal information from users should be collected for legitimate uses only. Further, such collection / sharing should occur only after receiving the consent of the users or other legitimate basis specified in applicable law. Additionally, such entities should consider taking any needed steps for safeguarding and securing access to such personal information data and ensuring that others with access to the personal information data adhere to their privacy policies and procedures. Further, such entities can subject themselves to evaluation by third parties to certify their adherence to widely accepted privacy policies and practices. In addition, policies and practices should be adapted for the particular types of personal information data being collected and / or accessed and adapted to applicable laws and standards, including jurisdiction-specific considerations that may serve to impose a higher standard. For example, in the US, collection of or access to certain health data may be governed by federal and / or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) ; whereas health data in other countries may be subject to other regulations and policies and should be handled accordingly.
[0104] Despite the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates embodiments in which users selectively block the use of, or access to, personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates that hardware and / or software elements can be provided to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, the present technology can be configured to allow users to select to “opt in” or “opt out” of participation in the collection of personal information data during registration for services or anytime thereafter. For example, a user may “opt in” or “opt out” of having information associated with an account of the user stored on a user device and / or shared by the user device. In addition to providing “opt in” and “opt out” options, the present disclosure contemplates providing notifications relating to the access or use of personal information. For example, a user may be notified upon downloading an application that their personal information data will be accessed and then reminded again just before personal information data is accessed by the application. In some instances, the user may be notified upon initiation of a data transfer of the device accessing information associated with the account of the user and / or the sharing of information associated with the account of the user with another device.
[0105] Moreover, it is the intent of the present disclosure that personal information data should be managed and handled in a way to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Risk can be minimized by limiting the collection of data and deleting data once it is no longer needed. In addition, and when applicable, including in certain health related applications, data de-identification can be used to protect a user’s privacy. De-identification may be facilitated, when appropriate, by removing identifiers, controlling the amount or specificity of data stored (e.g., collecting location data at city level rather than at an address level) , controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data across users) , and / or other methods such as differential privacy.
[0106] Therefore, although the present disclosure broadly covers use of personal information data to implement one or more various disclosed embodiments, the present disclosure also contemplates that the various embodiments can also be implemented without the need for accessing such personal information data. That is, the various embodiments of the present technology are not rendered inoperable due to the lack of all or a portion of such personal information data. For example, content can be selected and delivered to users based on aggregated non-personal information data or a bare minimum amount of personal information, such as the content being handled only on the user’s device or other non-personal information available to the content delivery services.
Claims
1.A method comprising:determining a trajectory of a satellite corresponding to a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) over a time range;transmitting a request to switch from a first feedback mode to a second feedback mode for at least a portion of the time range based at least in part on the determined trajectory of the satellite; andreceiving an indication to use the second feedback mode for at least the portion of the time range in accordance with the request.2.The method of claim 1, wherein determining the trajectory of the satellite comprises obtaining a plurality of data points that indicate the trajectory of the satellite over the time range.3.The method of claim 2, wherein each data point of the plurality of data points comprises a projected elevation angle and a time at which the satellite will reach the projected elevation angle.4.The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the second feedback mode based at least in part on a predicted or observed Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) of signals from the satellite.5.The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the second feedback mode based at least in part on a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) or a Block Error Rate (BLER) of a non-terrestrial communication link between the satellite and a User Equipment (UE) .6.The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the request to switch from the first feedback mode to the second feedback mode comprises transmitting Uplink Control Information (UCI) or a Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) including the request to switch from the first feedback mode to the second feedback mode.7.The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the indication to use the second feedback mode comprises receiving Downlink Control Information (DCI) , a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message, or a Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) that configures the second feedback mode for at least the portion of the time range.8.The method of claim 1, wherein determining the trajectory of the satellite comprises determining that an elevation angle of the satellite will be above a threshold for at least the portion of the time range.9.The method of claim 1, wherein determining the trajectory of the satellite comprises determining that an elevation angle of the satellite will be below a threshold for at least the portion of the time range.10.The method of claim 1, wherein determining the trajectory of the satellite comprises determining that an elevation angle of the satellite will be between a first threshold and a second threshold for at least the portion of the time range.11.The method of claim 1, wherein determining the trajectory of the satellite comprises determining that a predicted or observed amplitude of signals received from the satellite will be above a threshold for at least the portion of the time range.12.The method of claim 1, wherein determining the trajectory of the satellite comprises determining that a predicted or observed amplitude of signals received from the satellite will be below a threshold for at least the portion of the time range.13.The method of claim 1, wherein determining the trajectory of the satellite comprises determining that a predicted or observed amplitude of signals received from the satellite will be between a first threshold and a second threshold for at least the portion of the time range.14.The method of claim 1, further comprising disabling Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) Acknowledgement (ACK) feedback and retransmissions during at least the portion of the time range in accordance with the second feedback mode.15.The method of claim 1, further comprising enabling Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) Acknowledgement (ACK) feedback during at least the portion of the time range in accordance with the second feedback mode.16.The method of claim 1, further comprising enabling Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) Acknowledgement (ACK) feedback and Transmission Time Interval (TTI) bundling for at least the portion of the time range in accordance with the second feedback mode.17.The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving control signaling that configures one or more elevation angle thresholds to use for switching between a plurality of feedback modes including the first feedback mode and the second feedback mode.18.The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the second feedback mode based at least in part on the trajectory of the satellite and a current location of the satellite.19.The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the second feedback mode based at least in part on historic measurements of channel conditions across the trajectory of the satellite.20.A baseband processor configured to perform the method of any of claims 1-19.21.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andmemory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any of claims 1-19.22.A method comprising:receiving a request to switch from a first feedback mode to a second feedback mode for at least a portion of a time range based at least in part on a trajectory of a satellite corresponding to a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) over the time range; andtransmitting an indication to use the second feedback mode for at least the portion of the time range in accordance with the request.23.A baseband processor configured to perform the method of claim 22.24.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andmemory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of claim 22.