Photovoltaic module, photovoltaic roof, and building
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHENZHEN HELLO TECH ENERGY CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-16
Smart Images
Figure CN2025099260_16072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Photovoltaic modules, photovoltaic roofs and buildings
[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application filed on January 13, 2025, with application number 202520078407X and entitled "Photovoltaic Modules, Photovoltaic Roofs and Buildings", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field
[0002] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and more specifically, to a photovoltaic module, a photovoltaic roof, and a building. Background Technology
[0003] Photovoltaic panels in related technologies generally adopt a single-glass or double-glass structure. In order to improve the light transmittance of the glass panel, transparent glass is generally used as the panel. However, the inventors realized that transparent glass panels will lose light energy due to mirror reflection, which reduces the absorption efficiency of photovoltaic panels for sunlight.
[0004] Therefore, how to develop a photovoltaic module that can reduce light energy loss has become an urgent problem to be solved.
[0005] Application content
[0006] This application proposes a photovoltaic module, a photovoltaic roof, and a building that solves the problem of light energy loss due to specular reflection of light in photovoltaic panels in related technologies.
[0007] Therefore, the first objective of this application is to provide a photovoltaic module.
[0008] The second objective of this application is to provide a photovoltaic roof.
[0009] The third objective of this application is to provide a building.
[0010] In view of the above, an embodiment of the first aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic module, including: a panel, including a first surface and a second surface; a back sheet, disposed on one side of the panel; and a battery layer, disposed between the panel and the back sheet; wherein the side of the panel facing away from the battery layer is the first surface, the side of the panel close to the battery layer is the second surface, and the roughness of the first surface is less than the roughness of the second surface.
[0011] The photovoltaic module provided in this application includes a panel, a backsheet, and a battery layer. The panel and backsheet are arranged opposite to each other, and the battery layer is disposed between the panel and the backsheet. The panel has a first surface and a second surface, wherein the side of the panel facing away from the battery layer is the first surface, and the side of the panel facing the battery layer is the second surface. This can be understood as the first surface being the upper surface of the panel, and the second surface being the lower surface. The roughness of the first surface is less than that of the second surface. That is, the lower roughness of the first surface reduces light reflection, allowing more light to directly enter the panel, thereby increasing the amount of light reaching the battery layer. The higher roughness of the second surface causes multiple reflections of light between the panel and the battery layer as light propagates within the panel, increasing the residence time and probability of absorption of light in the battery layer, thus improving photoelectric conversion efficiency. Simultaneously, the lower roughness of the first surface reduces the likelihood of dust and dirt adhering to the panel, lowering the maintenance cost of the photovoltaic module.
[0012] An embodiment of the second aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic roof, including the photovoltaic modules as described in the first aspect. Therefore, the photovoltaic roof possesses all the beneficial effects of the photovoltaic modules described in the first aspect, which will not be elaborated further here.
[0013] An embodiment of the third aspect of this application provides a building including photovoltaic modules as proposed in the first aspect; or a photovoltaic roof as proposed in the second aspect. Therefore, the building possesses all the beneficial effects of the photovoltaic modules proposed in the first aspect or the photovoltaic roof proposed in the second aspect, which will not be elaborated further here.
[0014] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent in the following description or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description
[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.
[0016] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application;
[0017] Figure 2 is an enlarged view of Figure 1 at point A;
[0018] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the coating structure of an embodiment provided in this application.
[0019] The correspondence between the reference numerals and component names in Figures 1 to 3 is as follows:
[0020] 1 Photovoltaic module, 11 Panel, 111 First surface, 112 Second surface, 12 Backsheet, 13 Cell layer, 14 Connector, 15 Enclosed space, 16 Coating, 17 Adhesive layer. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0022] An embodiment of the first aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic module 1, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The photovoltaic module 1 includes: a panel 11, including a first surface 111 and a second surface 112; a back sheet 12 disposed on one side of the panel 11; and a battery layer 13 disposed between the panel 11 and the back sheet 12. The side of the panel 11 facing away from the battery layer 13 is the first surface 111, and the side of the panel 11 close to the battery layer 13 is the second surface 112. The roughness of the first surface 111 is less than the roughness of the second surface 112.
[0023] The photovoltaic module 1 provided in this application includes a panel 11, a backsheet 12, and a battery layer 13. The panel 11 and the backsheet 12 are disposed opposite to each other, and the battery layer 13 is disposed between the panel 11 and the backsheet 12. The first surface faces the air side, and the second surface faces the encapsulation side. The panel 11 has a first surface 111 and a second surface 112. The side of the panel 11 facing away from the battery layer 13 is the first surface 111, and the side of the panel 11 close to the battery layer 13 is the second surface 112. It can be understood that the first surface 111 is the upper surface of the panel 11, and the second surface 112 is the lower surface of the panel 11. The roughness of the first surface 111 is less than the roughness of the second surface 112. That is, the roughness of the first surface 111 is smaller, which can reduce light reflection and allow more light to directly enter the panel 11, thereby increasing the amount of light reaching the battery layer 13. The second surface 112 has a larger roughness. When light propagates inside the panel 11, the rough second surface 112 can cause the light to be reflected multiple times between the panel 11 and the battery layer 13, increasing the residence time of the light in the battery layer 13 and the probability of absorption, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. At the same time, the roughness of the first surface 111 is smaller than that of the second surface 112, which can reduce the possibility of dust and dirt adhering to the panel 11, and reduce the maintenance cost of the photovoltaic module 1.
[0024] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG2, the first surface 111 and the second surface 112 are both frosted surfaces.
[0025] In this embodiment, both the first surface 111 and the second surface 112 are frosted surfaces, and the panel 11 is a frosted glass panel 11. Compared with traditional smooth surfaces, frosted surfaces cause light to diffusely reflect. Diffuse reflection causes light to disperse in all directions and does not form a concentrated beam of reflected light, which can effectively reduce glare caused by strong light reflection.
[0026] In some embodiments, optionally, as shown in FIG2, the roughness of both the first surface 111 and the second surface 112 is greater than or equal to 1 μm and less than or equal to 5 μm.
[0027] In this embodiment, the roughness of both the first surface 111 and the second surface 112 is greater than or equal to 1 μm and less than or equal to 5 μm. Within this roughness range, the first surface 111 is less prone to accumulating dirt and grime, preventing dust and impurities from accumulating on the surface of the panel 11, thus reducing equipment maintenance costs. Simultaneously, the roughness of the second surface 112 is also within this range, which facilitates light scattering within the photovoltaic module 1, increasing the likelihood of light absorption in the cell layer 13. Furthermore, a roughness range of 1 μm to 5 μm ensures the light transmittance of the panel 11, improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module 1.
[0028] In some embodiments, optionally, as shown in FIG2, the roughness of the first surface 111 is greater than or equal to 1 μm and less than or equal to 3 μm, and the roughness of the second surface 112 is greater than or equal to 3 μm and less than or equal to 5 μm.
[0029] In this embodiment, the roughness of the first surface 111 is between 1 μm and 3 μm. Compared to a smoother surface, it allows light to be scattered to a certain extent when entering the component. At the same time, compared to a surface with greater roughness, it reduces the amount of dust adsorbed by the panel 11. The roughness of the second surface 112 is between 3 μm and 5 μm. This relatively greater roughness causes light to be scattered more strongly between the panel 11 and the battery layer 13.
[0030] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG3, the photovoltaic module 1 may optionally include: a connector 14 connecting the panel 11 and the battery layer 13, the connector 14 being disposed around the periphery of the panel 11 and forming a closed space 15 with the panel 11 and the battery layer 13; and a coating 16 disposed on the side of the panel 11 facing the battery layer 13, the coating 16 being located within the closed space 15.
[0031] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic module 1 further includes a connector 14 and a coating 16. The connector 14 connects the panel 11 and the battery layer 13, and is arranged around the perimeter of the panel 11, forming a closed space 15 with the panel 11 and the battery layer 13. The coating 16 is located within the closed space 15 and is attached to the side of the panel 11 facing the battery layer 13. That is, the coating 16 being located within the closed space 15 effectively prevents water or air from entering the interlayer, protecting the internal coating 16 and the battery from corrosion and oxidation, thereby extending the service life of the photovoltaic module 1 and ensuring its performance stability. Especially during long-term outdoor use, the photovoltaic module 1 will face different climatic conditions, such as high temperature, humidity, and sandstorms. The connector 14 can reduce the impact of external environmental factors on the critical components inside the module, ensuring the reliability of the photovoltaic module 1.
[0032] Optionally, the connector 14 is made of butyl rubber or silicone sealant. Butyl rubber and silicone sealant have good sealing performance and excellent barrier properties against air and moisture, which can ensure the airtightness of the enclosed space 15, prevent water vapor penetration, and thus protect the internal battery layer 13 and coating 16 from corrosion and oxidation.
[0033] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG3, the enclosed space 15 may be a vacuum chamber; or the enclosed space 15 may be filled with an inert protective gas.
[0034] In this embodiment, when the enclosed space 15 is a vacuum chamber, there is almost no oxygen inside, which completely eliminates the possibility of oxidation reaction between oxygen and the battery layer 13 and the coating 16. This maximizes the maintenance of the initial performance of the battery layer 13, ensuring the long-term stable power generation of the photovoltaic module 1 and greatly extending its service life. Simultaneously, the vacuum environment reduces light scattering and refraction, minimizing light loss during propagation and contributing to improved overall power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 1.
[0035] When the enclosed space 15 is filled with an inert protective gas, such as argon or nitrogen, the battery layer 13 and coating 16 can be protected from oxidation damage. At the same time, the gas pressure inside and outside the enclosed space 15 is relatively stable, ensuring that the photovoltaic module 1 operates stably and reliably.
[0036] In some embodiments, optionally, as shown in FIG3, the width of the connector 14 is greater than or equal to 5 mm and less than or equal to 20 mm along the direction from the edge of the panel 11 to the center of the panel 11.
[0037] In this embodiment, the width of the connector 14 is greater than or equal to 5 mm and less than or equal to 20 mm. Limiting the width of the connector 14 to this range ensures its sealing performance, preventing water or air from entering the interlayer. The width of the connector 14 is less than or equal to 20 mm, ensuring that the enclosed space 15 has sufficient area to accommodate the coating 16, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module 1.
[0038] In some embodiments, the coating 16 is optionally formed by curing ink, and the curing temperature of the coating 16 is greater than or equal to 80°C and less than or equal to 120°C.
[0039] In this embodiment, an ink with a curing temperature between 80°C and 120°C is used to form the coating 16. This temperature range is relatively low. During the lamination and vacuuming process, high temperatures may cause the ink to decompose or change color. Limiting the curing temperature to between 80°C and 120°C can effectively avoid the problem of ink decomposition or discoloration, ensuring that the coating 16 can maintain good performance.
[0040] In some embodiments, the curing temperature of the coating 16 is optionally greater than or equal to 95°C and less than or equal to 105°C.
[0041] In this embodiment, the curing temperature of coating 16 is precisely limited to a narrower range of 95°C to 105°C, which, compared to the previous relatively wide range of 80°C to 120°C, can more effectively avoid performance fluctuations of coating 16 caused by excessively high or low temperatures.
[0042] In some embodiments, the curing temperature of the connector 14 is optionally greater than or equal to 100°C and less than or equal to 120°C. The relatively low curing temperature of the connector 14 will not cause the ink to decompose or change color, thus improving the stability of the coating 16.
[0043] Optionally, the curing temperature of coating 16 is 100°C.
[0044] In some embodiments, optionally, as shown in FIG1, the photovoltaic module 1 further includes: an adhesive layer 17 disposed between the battery layer 13 and the backsheet 12, wherein the curing temperature of the adhesive layer 17 is greater than or equal to 100°C and less than or equal to 120°C; wherein the adhesive layer 17 includes any one of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer adhesive layer, a polyolefin elastomer adhesive layer, and a polyvinyl butyral adhesive layer.
[0045] In this embodiment, the curing temperature of the adhesive layer 17 is limited to greater than or equal to 100°C and less than or equal to 120°C. Compared with the conventional technology, the curing temperature of the adhesive layer 17 is relatively low. Within this temperature range, the problems of ink discoloration and cell cracking caused by high-temperature lamination can be avoided, and the ink decomposition can also be avoided, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module 1.
[0046] The adhesive layer 17 includes any one of the following: ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer adhesive layer, polyolefin elastomer adhesive layer, and polyvinyl butyral adhesive layer. The adhesive layer 17 of the above three materials has good adhesion, ensuring that the battery layer 13 is tightly attached to the back sheet 12, thereby improving the sealing performance of the photovoltaic module 1.
[0047] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG1, the front panel 11 and the back panel 12 are optionally curved panels.
[0048] In this embodiment, the panel 11 and the back panel 12 are curved panels. The curved panels can change the incident angle of light, so that the light can be better absorbed and utilized by the battery layer 13 at different angles, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of light energy and thus improving the power generation performance of the photovoltaic module 1.
[0049] Optionally, the battery layer 13 is a curved layer adapted to the shape of the panel 11 and the back panel 12.
[0050] An embodiment of the second aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic roof, including the photovoltaic module 1 as described in the first aspect. Therefore, the photovoltaic roof possesses all the beneficial effects of the photovoltaic module 1 as described in the first aspect, which will not be elaborated further here.
[0051] An embodiment of the third aspect of this application provides a building including a photovoltaic module 1 as proposed in the first aspect; or a photovoltaic roof as proposed in the second aspect. Therefore, the building possesses all the beneficial effects of the photovoltaic module 1 proposed in the first aspect or the photovoltaic roof proposed in the second aspect, which will not be elaborated further here.
[0052] In one specific application, this application provides a double-glass photovoltaic module. The lower surface of the upper glass layer is coated with low-temperature ink. The upper glass layer is frosted glass, and both the upper and lower surfaces are frosted with different surface roughness. The lower glass layer is pre-encapsulated with the solar cells. The upper and lower glass layers are sealed using a low-temperature encapsulation method, with a vacuum or inert gas filling in between, and butyl rubber around the edges. The upper glass layer and the lower laminate are not subjected to high-temperature lamination.
[0053] The layered structure is shown in Figure 1. The upper glass layer uses frosted glass. The frosting effect is related to roughness, which mainly depends on the etching depth and the particle size of the polishing abrasive. The roughness of the upper and lower surfaces can be controlled independently. Different roughness effects are achieved by adjusting the particle size of the polishing abrasive, resulting in an upper surface roughness between 1 μm and 3 μm, and a lower surface roughness between 3 μm and 5 μm. The polishing abrasive particles on the lower surface are larger than those on the upper surface. Lower roughness results in higher light transmittance, and the relatively smooth glass surface makes it less prone to the adhesion of dust and dirt, facilitating the formation of water droplets on the glass surface and their sliding off, carrying away surface contaminants. Conversely, if the roughness is high, contaminants tend to accumulate in the pits and crevices of the glass surface, not only reducing light transmittance but also requiring frequent cleaning and maintenance to ensure the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system.
[0054] The roughness of frosted glass directly affects its light transmittance and glare level. As the roughness increases, light scattering on the glass surface increases, light transmittance decreases, and the glare effect is improved. A frosted roughness of 1μm to 5μm is preferred. At this roughness, the glass is relatively smooth, with good light transmittance, allowing more light to pass through, while still allowing a somewhat blurry view of the internal outline from the outside, thus solving the glare problem. When the roughness is greater than 5μm, the light transmittance is very poor, affecting the product's light transmittance.
[0055] The lower surface of the upper glass layer faces the battery encapsulation layer. The ink is applied using printing or 3D printing. The ink is a low-temperature ink that can be cured at around 100°C. This low-temperature ink mainly relies on the evaporation of solvents to dry.
[0056] The lower glass layer and the battery encapsulation layer are pre-encapsulated by lamination. The encapsulation materials used are ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin elastomer, or polyvinyl butyral. The upper surface of the battery encapsulation layer is encapsulated by low-temperature bonding to the upper glass layer, as shown in Figure 3. The perimeter is bonded with butyl adhesive with a bonding width of 5mm to 20mm. The curing temperature is 100℃ to 120℃. The middle position can be evacuated by a vacuum chamber or protected by an inert gas.
[0057] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," etc., in this application is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0058] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.
[0059] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments of this application can be combined with each other, but only if they are based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this application.
[0060] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: The panel includes a first surface and a second surface; A back panel is located on one side of the panel; A battery layer is disposed between the front panel and the back panel; The side of the panel facing away from the battery layer is the first surface, and the side of the panel facing the battery layer is the second surface. The roughness of the first surface is less than that of the second surface.
2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first surface and the second surface are frosted.
3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The roughness of both the first surface and the second surface is greater than or equal to 1 μm and less than or equal to 5 μm.
4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The roughness of the first surface is greater than or equal to 1 μm and less than or equal to 3 μm.
5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The roughness of the second surface is greater than or equal to 3 μm and less than or equal to 5 μm.
6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A connector connects the panel and the battery layer. The connector is arranged around the perimeter of the panel and forms a closed space with the panel and the battery layer.
7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: A coating is provided on the side of the panel facing the battery layer, and the coating is located within the enclosed space.
8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 6, characterized in that, The enclosed space is a vacuum chamber.
9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 6, characterized in that, The enclosed space is filled with an inert protective gas.
10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 6, characterized in that, Along the direction from the edge of the panel to the center of the panel, the width of the connector is greater than or equal to 5 mm and less than or equal to 20 mm.
11. The photovoltaic module according to claim 6, characterized in that, The coating is formed by curing ink, and the curing temperature of the coating is greater than or equal to 80°C and less than or equal to 120°C.
12. The photovoltaic module according to claim 11, characterized in that, The curing temperature of the coating is greater than or equal to 95°C and less than or equal to 105°C.
13. The photovoltaic module according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, The curing temperature of the connector is greater than or equal to 100℃ and less than or equal to 120℃.
14. The photovoltaic module according to claim 6, characterized in that, The connector is made of butyl rubber or glass glue.
15. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: An adhesive layer is disposed between the battery layer and the backsheet, and the curing temperature of the adhesive layer is greater than or equal to 100°C and less than or equal to 120°C.
16. The photovoltaic module according to claim 15, characterized in that, The adhesive layer includes any one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer adhesive layer, polyolefin elastomer adhesive layer, and polyvinyl butyral adhesive layer.
17. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that, The front panel and the back panel are curved panels.
18. The photovoltaic module according to claim 17, characterized in that, The battery layer is a curved layer.
19. A photovoltaic roof, characterized in that, include: The photovoltaic module as described in any one of claims 1 to 18.
20. A building, characterized in that, include: The photovoltaic module as described in any one of claims 1 to 18; or The photovoltaic roof as described in claim 19.