Wearable device and non-invasive method for performing multimodal therapy

Abstract

According to embodiments, a wearable device for performing multimodal therapy on a subject is provided. The wearable device includes a substrate; a planar antenna disposed on the substrate, the planar antenna configured to emit microwave radiation onto a skin surface of the subject, allowing microwave energy from the microwave radiation to propagate into underlying tissues of the subject; and a planar array of light sources configured to substantially simultaneously emit light on the skin surface to perform light therapy. The planar antenna is arranged between the substrate and the planar array of light sources to form a multilayered structure. The planar array of light sources is further configured to operate passively and solely by the microwave energy from the planar antenna. According to further embodiments, a non-invasive method for performing multimodal therapy on a subject is also provided.

Description

WEARABLE DEVICE AND NON-INVASIVE METHOD FOR PERFORMING MULTIMODAL THERAPYCross-Reference To Related Application

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority of Singapore patent application No. 10202500445P, filed 19 February 2025, the content of it being hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.Technical Field

[0002] Various embodiments relate to a wearable device for performing multimodal therapy and a non-invasive method for performing multimodal therapy.Background

[0003] As the global demand for effective, non-invasive, and long-lasting cellulite treatments continues to rise, there is a pressing need for a new, more efficient technology that can address these demands comprehensively. Currently, there is a wide range of therapeutic modalities proposed, such as cosmetics therapy, therapeutic massage therapy, radio frequency therapy, ultrasound therapy, laser therapy, carboxytherapy, intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy, subcision vibration / oscillation platform therapy, and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) or acoustic wave therapy (AWT). However, none of these treatments provides a truly comprehensive, non-invasive, and long-lasting solution. Each modality comes with inherent limitations.

[0004] Treatments, including laser therapy, radio frequency therapy, and ultrasound therapy, offer only short-term results, requiring frequent sessions to maintain effectiveness. Such limited efficacy and duration lead to inconvenience, high cumulative costs, and treatment fatigue for users who seek durable outcomes.

[0005] Existing therapies rely on a single modality (e.g. laser or radio frequency) to address cellulite, thereby limiting their ability to tackle the condition holistically. For instance,radio frequency stimulates collagen production but fails to adequately target fat reduction or skin tightening, leaving users with incomplete results.

[0006] Many of these treatments require professional administration, making them inconvenient and inaccessible for individuals seeking flexible, at-home solutions. Even home-use devices, while available, are often bulky, uncomfortable, or poorly designed for effectively targeting diverse body areas.

[0007] Advanced therapies, such as ESWT and AWT, are prohibitively expensive for consumers and providers alike, restricting affordability and scalability. High costs limit access to these therapies for a broader population, reducing their potential impact on the cellulite treatment market.

[0008] Given these challenges, there is significant market potential for a device and / or method that delivers long-lasting, comprehensive, and non-invasive cellulite treatment while addressing at least the limitations mentioned above. Such innovation would improve user convenience, effectiveness, and accessibility while offering a cost-efficient alternative to existing options.Summary

[0009] According to an embodiment, a wearable device for performing multimodal therapy on a subject is provided. The wearable device includes a substrate; a planar antenna disposed on the substrate, the planar antenna configured to emit microwave radiation onto a skin surface of the subject, allowing microwave energy from the microwave radiation to propagate into underlying tissues of the subject; and a planar array of light sources configured to substantially simultaneously emit light on the skin surface to perform light therapy. The planar antenna is arranged between the substrate and the planar array of light sources to form a multilayered structure. The planar array of light sources is further configured to operate passively and solely by the microwave energy from the planar antenna.

[0010] According to an embodiment, a non-invasive method for performing multimodal therapy on a subject is provided. The non-invasive method includes emitting microwave radiation onto a skin surface of the subject to allow micro wave energy from the microwaveradiation to propagate into underlying tissues of the subject; and substantially simultaneously emitting light on the skin surface to perform light therapy. The light is generated from a planar array of light sources operated passively and solely by the microwave energy.

[0011] According to another embodiment, a non-invasive method for performing multimodal therapy on a subject is provided. The method includes emitting micro wave radiation onto a skin surface of the subject to allow micro wave energy from the microwave radiation to propagate into underlying tissues of the subject; and optionally emitting light on the skin surface to perform light therapy, wherein the light is generated from a planar array of light sources operated passively and solely by the microwave energy; and wherein the method is carried out by a wearable device, according to an embodiment.Brief Description of the Drawings

[0012] In the drawings, like reference characters generally refer to like parts throughout the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead generally being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention. In the following description, various embodiments of the invention are described with reference to the following drawings, in which:

[0013] FIG. 1A shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a wearable device for performing multimodal therapy, according to various embodiments.

[0014] FIG. IB shows a flow chart illustrating a non-invasive method for performing multimodal therapy on a subject, according to various embodiments.

[0015] FIG. 1C shows a flow chart illustrating a non-invasive method for performing multimodal therapy on a subject, according to other embodiments.

[0016] FIG. 2A shows a cross-sectional schematic view of a wearable multimodal therapy patch, according to an example.

[0017] FIG. 2B shows an exploded perspective view of the wearable multimodal therapy patch of FIG. 2A.

[0018] FIG. 3A shows a schematic view of the wearable multimodal therapy patch of FIGS. 2A and 2B attached to a skin surface of a subject, according to an example.

[0019] FIG. 3B shows a perspective schematic view illustrating the working principle of the wearable multimodal therapy patch when in use, as shown in FIG. 3A.

[0020] FIG. 3C shows an enlarged cross-sectional partial view of FIG. 3A, taken from line A-A’.

[0021] FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional schematic view of a part of the wearable multimodal therapy patch illustrating an arrangement of a light emitting diode (LED) with at least a part of the antenna, according to an exampleDetailed Description

[0022] The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings that show, by way of illustration, specific details and embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention. Other embodiments may be utilized and structural, logical, and electrical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. The various embodiments are not necessarily mutually exclusive, as some embodiments can be combined with one or more other embodiments to form new embodiments.

[0023] Embodiments described in the context of one of the methods or devices are analogously valid for the other methods or devices. Similarly, embodiments described in the context of a method are analogously valid for a device, and vice versa.

[0024] Features that are described in the context of an embodiment may correspondingly be applicable to the same or similar features in the other embodiments. Features that are described in the context of an embodiment may correspondingly be applicable to the other embodiments, even if not explicitly described in these other embodiments. Furthermore, additions and / or combinations and / or alternatives as described for a feature in the context of an embodiment may correspondingly be applicable to the same or similar feature in the other embodiments.

[0025] In the context of various embodiments, the articles “a”, “an” and “the” as used with regard to a feature or element include a reference to one or more of the features or elements.

[0026] In the context of various embodiments, the phrase “at least substantially” may include “exactly” and a reasonable variance.

[0027] In the context of various embodiments, the term “about” or “approximately” as applied to a numeric value encompasses the exact value and a reasonable variance.

[0028] As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0029] As used herein, the phrase of the form of “at least one of A or B” may include A or B or both A and B. Correspondingly, the phrase of the form of “at least one of A or B or C”, or including further listed items, may include any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0030] As used herein, the expression “configured to” may mean “constructed to” or “arranged to”.

[0031] Various embodiments provide a wearable printable patch capable of providing optical and microwave radiation to a localized skin area for multimodal therapy.

[0032] FIG. 1A shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a wearable device 100 for performing multimodal therapy on a subject, according to various embodiments. As shown in FIG. 1A, the wearable device 100 includes a substrate 102; a planar antenna 104 disposed on the substrate 102, the planar antenna 104 configured to emit micro wave radiation onto a skin surface 108 of the subject, allowing microwave energy from the micro wave radiation to propagate into underlying tissues of the subject; and a planar array of light sources 106 configured to substantially simultaneously emit light on the skin surface 108 to perform light therapy. The planar antenna 104 is arranged between the substrate 102 and the planar array of light sources 106 (as denoted by a line 110 and another line 112, respectively) to form a multilayered structure. The planar array of light sources 106 is further configured to operate passively and solely by the micro wave energy from the planar antenna 104.

[0033] In other words, no external power source (i.e. external to the wearable device 100) is required to supply power to the planar array of light sources 106. The planar array of light sources 106 may be considered self-powered within the wearable device 100. The wearable device 100, according to various embodiments, may include a wearable, printable multimodal therapy patch designed to address the growing demand for effective, non-invasive, and long-lasting treatments for cellulite. Unlike traditional therapies, the wearable device 100 integrates both microwave and optical radiation to provide a dual-action approach to cellulite treatment. It is designed to deliver therapeutic energy directly tolocalized areas, improving fat reduction, skin tightening, and overall muscle recovery. The wearable device 100 is flexible, lightweight, and customizable, ensuring comfortable conformity with various body shapes, offering a user-friendly solution for at-home or on-the-go use.

[0034] In the context of various embodiments, multimodal therapy may include at least phototherapy (interchangeably referred to as light therapy) and microwave therapy.

[0035] In various embodiments, the planar array of light sources 106 may be configured to substantially simultaneously emit the light at a wavelength ranging from 400 nm to 1400 nm.

[0036] The expression “substantially simultaneously” may mean at the same time, or if there is a difference in time, the difference is negligible.

[0037] The term “solely” means only, or exclusively, or involving no other means.

[0038] The expression “operate passively” refers to having a configuration and arrangement / alignment of the planar array of light sources 106 and the planar antenna 104 that allows the microwave energy radiated from the planar antenna 104 to be captured and used by the planar array of light sources 106 for lighting purposes.

[0039] For example, the light may be blue light with a wavelength ranging from 400 nm to 495 nm, preferably of about 415 nm, for acne treatment and providing antibacterial effects.

[0040] In one example, the light may be green light with a wavelength ranging from 495 nm to 570 nm, preferably from 520nm to 530 nm, for reducing hyperpigmentation and skin calming.

[0041] In another example, the light may be yellow light with a wavelength ranging from 570 nm to 590 nm, preferably of about 590 nm, for improving skin redness and enhancing wound healing.

[0042] In yet another example, the light may be red light with a wavelength ranging from 600 nm to 700 nm, preferably from 630 nm to 660 nm, for stimulating collagen production, reducing inflammation, and promoting tissue repair.

[0043] In a different example, the light may be near-infrared light with a wavelength ranging from 800 nm to 1100 nm, preferably from 810 nm to 850 nm, for penetrating deeper into tissues and promoting circulation, and accelerating healing. The light may alsobe infrared light with a wavelength ranging from 900 nm to 1400 nm for providing pain relief, inducing muscle recovery, and joint therapy.

[0044] The planar array of light sources 106 may be arranged in a matrix format.

[0045] The planar array of light sources 106 may include a planar array of light emitting diodes (LEDs). Other examples of the light sources 106 may include organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), fluorescent lamps, plasma light sources, or light-emitting capacitors.

[0046] Each light emitting diode of the planar array of light sources 106 may include a cathode; an anode opposite to the cathode; and a resonant structure arranged between the cathode and the anode. Each of the cathode and the anode may be engineered as an on-chip dipole antenna integrated with the resonant structure to provide alignment with a frequency of the microwave energy.

[0047] The specific arrangement of on-chip dipole antennas integrated with resonant structures advantageously ensures precise conversion of microwave energy into the photon emission. This configuration significantly improves power transfer efficiency and provides better control over the light output, especially for multimodal therapy applications.

[0048] The resonant structure may include a base structure arranged adjacent to the anode; and a diode disposed on the base structure. The diode may include a p-type layer having at least a portion arranged adjacent to the cathode, a n-type layer opposite to the p-type layer, and an active region arranged between the p-type layer and the n-type layer.

[0049] The substrate 102 may include a flexible polymer. For example, the flexible polymer may include silicone, PET (polyethylene terephthalate), parylene, thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), or ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), or preferably polyimide.

[0050] The planar antenna 104 may include a flexible metallic film. The planar antenna 104 may be configured to operate at a frequency ranging from 1 GHz to 30 GHz, preferably at about 2.4 GHz.

[0051] In various embodiments, the wearable device 100 may further include a polymer film having an underlying adhesive layer. The planar array of light sources 106 may be integrated into the polymer film. The substrate 102 may include an overlying adhesive layer.

[0052] In the multilayered structure, the planar antenna 104 may be adhered to the planar array of light sources 106 and the substrate 102 via the underlying adhesive layer and the overlying adhesive layer, respectively.

[0053] The multilayered structure may be fabricated via film patterning and printing techniques, or via photolithography.

[0054] In various embodiments, the wearable device 100 may further include a membrane layer disposed on the planar array of light sources 106 and arranged over the multilayered structure. The membrane layer may be configured to be placed on the skin surface 108 of the subject. In other words, when in use, the membrane layer may be facing the skin surface 108 of the subject. For example, the membrane layer may include polydimethylsiloxane, silicone rubber, polyurethane, a thermoplastic elastomer, parylene, or a fabric.

[0055] In various embodiments, the wearable device 100 may further include a fabric layer adjacent to the substrate 102. The fabric layer may be configured to provide protection and / or wearability of the wearable device 100.

[0056] FIG. 1 B shows a flow chart illustrating a non-invasive method 120 for performing multimodal therapy on a subject, according to various embodiments. As shown in FIG. IB, at Step 124, microwave radiation is emitted onto a skin surface (e.g. 108, FIG. 1A) of the subject to allow microwave energy from the micro wave radiation to propagate into underlying tissues of the subject. At Step 126, light is substantially simultaneously emitted on the skin surface 108 to perform light therapy. The light is generated from a planar array of light sources (e.g. 106, FIG. 1 A) operated passively and solely by the microwave energy.

[0057] In other words, the planar array of light sources 106 are powered passively by micro wave energy emitted from e.g. a planar antenna (e.g. 104, FIG. 1 A), thereby avoiding the need for an external power source for the planar array of light sources 106. This allows for more precise delivery of microwave energy to the active regions of one or more of the light sources 106, enabling faster and more efficient modulation of light output. By controlling the carrier densities through microwave-induced fields, this configuration achieves fast speed and efficiency in the modulation of the light.

[0058] Substantially simultaneously emitting the light at Step 126 may include substantially simultaneously emitting the light at a wavelength ranging from 620 nm to 750 nm, preferably of about 640 nm.

[0059] Each light source of the planar array of light sources 106 may include a cathode, an anode opposite to the cathode; and a resonant structure arranged between the cathode and the anode. Each of the cathode and the anode may be engineered as an on-chip dipole antenna integrated with the resonant structure to provide alignment with a frequency of the microwave energy.

[0060] In one embodiment, the microwave energy may have a frequency of about 2.4 GHz.

[0061] In another embodiment, the microwave energy may have a frequency and / or an output power, at least one of which may be adjustable to optimize propagation into the underlying tissues of the subject.

[0062] The non-invasive method 120 according to various embodiments may be carried out by the wearable device 100 of FIG. 1A.

[0063] FIG. 1C shows a flow chart illustrating a non-invasive method 140 for performing multimodal therapy on a subject, according to various embodiments. As shown in FIG. 1C, at Step 144, microwave radiation is emitted onto a skin surface of the subject to allow microwave energy from the microwave radiation to propagate into underlying tissues of the subject. At optional Step 146, light is optionally emitting on the skin surface to perform light therapy, wherein the light is generated from a planar array of light sources operated passively and solely by the microwave energy. The method 140 is carried out by a wearable device 100 of FIG. 1A.

[0064] The non-invasive method 120 and the method 140 may include the same or like elements or components as those of the wearable device 100 of FIG. 1A, and as such, the same or similar ending numerals are assigned and the like elements may be as described in the context of the wearable device 100 of FIG. 1A, and therefore the corresponding descriptions may be omitted here.

[0065] While the methods described above are illustrated and described as a series of steps or events, it will be appreciated that any ordering of such steps or events are not to be interpreted in a limiting sense. For example, some steps may occur in different orders and / or concurrently with other steps or events apart from those illustrated and / or described herein. In addition, not all illustrated steps may be required to implement one or more aspects or embodiments described herein. Also, one or more of the steps depicted herein may be carried out in one or more separate acts and / or phases.

[0066] Developing a wearable, printable (scalable), compact multimodal therapy patch at a low cost is challenging. The proposed design of the wearable device 100 of FIG. 1A offers both microwave therapy and phototherapy which are non-invasive and effective for treating various tissues and cellular conditions with comprehensive therapeutic effects. The arrangement of the components leads to improved energy efficiency and more targeted treatment, reducing power loss and enhancing therapeutic outcomes. The integration of the planar antenna 104 directly with the planar array of light sources 106 (e.g. LED chip) enables a more compact and flexible design, which is crucial for wearable medical devices such as the wearable device 100.

[0067] For better understanding and illustration purposes, example(s) of the wearable device 100 and the non-invasive method 120 for performing multimodal therapy on a subject will be described in more details below.

[0068] Working Principle

[0069] The technology behind the multimodal therapy patch (e.g. the wearable device 100 of FIG. 1 A) combines microwave diathermy and optical irradiation in a synergistic manner. These two modalities work together to enhance the overall therapeutic effect, addressing multiple aspects of cellulite simultaneously. The patch is designed to be worn on the body of the subject, providing a non-invasive and comfortable treatment option that may be used at home or on the go. The flexible design ensures that the patch conforms to different body shapes and sizes, offering convenience and comfort during use.

[0070] The patch incorporates a flexible microwave antenna (e.g. the planar antenna 104 of FIG. 1A) designed to propagate electromagnetic waves at 2.4 GHz. Microwaves at this frequency penetrate the skin and are selectively absorbed by tissues with high water content, such as fat and muscle. At 2.4 GHz, microwaves primarily target and are absorbed by fat cells, leading to localized heating. This heat breaks down fat deposits in the treated area, reducing the appearance of cellulite. Unlike radiofrequency energy, which is less absorbed by deeper layers, microwave energy reaches fat tissues effectively while minimizing surface absorption. The heat generated by microwave absorption also stimulates collagen production in the dermis, improving skin elasticity and firmness. Thisdual action reduces dimpling and tightens the skin, addressing two key components of cellulite.

[0071] The multi-LED array (e.g. the planar array of light sources 106 of FIG. 1A) integrated into the patch provides simultaneous light therapy using 640 nm LEDs, which are known for skin rejuvenation properties. These LEDs are passively powered by the microwave energy emitted from the antenna, eliminating the need for an external power source. When microwave energy reaches the LED array, it is absorbed by the p-n junctions of the LEDs. This absorption activates the recombination of electrons and holes within the junction, releasing energy in the form of photons. The resulting 640 nm optical radiation stimulates collagen production, provides skin rejuvenation and enhances skin elasticity, promoting smoother and firmer skin over time.

[0072] The integration of microwave diathermy and optical irradiation amplifies the therapeutic effects through synergy, thereby accelerating therapeutic outcomes. The microwaves break down fat deposits effectively, while the heat and light improve skin texture and elasticity. Collagen stimulation occurs on two fronts — through microwave-induced thermal effects and phototherapy — leading to visible improvements in skin tone and firmness. Both modalities are non-invasive, targeting deeper layers without compromising the skin surface or surrounding tissues. This combination allows the therapy to be highly effective in reducing cellulite and fat, tightening skin, and aiding muscle recovery, making it a versatile and comprehensive treatment solution.

[0073] While the multimodal therapy patch (e.g. the wearable device 100 of FIG. 1 A) may be operable to work in a first mode involving the activation of both microwave and light, the multimodal therapy patch may also be operable in a second mode involving the activation of only microwave but not light. In the second mode, an electric power may be provided to the microwave antenna (e.g. 104 of FIG. 1A) directly. It should be appreciated that the multimodal therapy patch cannot work in a mode with only light being active and microwave being not active, since the planar array of light sources (e.g. 106 of FIG. 1A) are not connectable to any external power source.

[0074] System Design

[0075] FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B show a cross-sectional schematic view of a wearable multimodal therapy patch 200 and an exploded perspective view of the same, according to an example. The patch 200 may include the same or like elements or components as those of the wearable device 100 of FIG. 1A, and as such, the same ending numerals are assigned and the like elements may be as described in the context of the wearable device 100 of FIG.1 A, and therefore some of the corresponding descriptions are omitted here.

[0076] The patch 200 features a multilayer structure, including a polyimide substrate 202, one or more adhesive layers 203, 203’, a flexible microwave antenna 204, a multi-LED array 206, and a protective PDMS membrane 205 - each contributing to the flexibility, functionality, and effectiveness of the patch 200.

[0077] The foundation of the patch 200 is a polyimide (PI) substrate 202, which is a durable and flexible material that forms the base layer. The polyimide substrate 202 may be a polyimide film. Polyimide is chosen in this example for its excellent mechanical properties, high-temperature resistance, and flexibility, allowing the patch to comfortably conform to the body of the subject. It also serves as an insulating layer, preventing the micro waves from dissipating prematurely.

[0078] The core of the microwave diathermy functionality is the flexible microwave antenna 204, which is designed to efficiently couple with microwave energy at the 2.4 GHz frequency generated from a frequency generator 209, ensuring efficient microwave energy propagation into tissues underlying the skin of the subject. The flexible microwave antenna 204 may be a printable antenna.

[0079] FIG. 3A shows a schematic view of the wearable multimodal therapy patch 200 being attached to a skin surface of a subject 315, according to an example. Hydrogel or a hydrogel pad 213 may be provided on the skin surface to improve contact with the PDMS membrane layer 205. A fabric layer 211 (or adhesive fabric) may also be provided underneath the polyimide substrate 202 such that the polyimide substrate 202 is arranged between the fabric layer 211 and the antenna 204 / the adhesive layer 203. The patch 200 may be pasted or affixed onto the skin surface of the subj ect 315 using the fabric layer 211 to maximize comfort wearability of the patch 200. FIG. 3B shows a perspective schematicview illustrating the working principle of the patch 200 when in use, as shown in FIG. 3A. FIG. 3C shows a perspective cross-sectional view of FIG. 3A, taken from line A-A’.

[0080] As shown more specifically in FIGS. 3B and 3C, while taking reference to FIG. 2B, the antenna 204 is strategically placed to ensure optimal energy transfer into the skin 308 ’and underlying tissues (e.g. fat 317 and muscles 319) of the subject 315. As shown in FIG. 3C, the fat layer may be heated to about 55°C to 60°C for fat melting effect, when the surface may be only about 40°C to 42°C. In another mode (not shown in the figures), the fat layer may be heated to 41 °C to 45°C and the surface being about 35°C, to achieve effects such as improved blood circulation, improved tissue metabolism rate and ‘fat browning’ effect (i.e. turn white fat into beige fat).

[0081] The antenna 204 may be of a planar form, and patterned in a circular, concentric, or interdigital manner. Other patterns of the antenna 204 (not shown in figures) are also possible to maximize or optimize the radiation of microwave energy for microwave diathermy and for powering the multi-LED array 206. The flexible microwave antenna 204 may include annealed copper antennas disposed on the polyimide substrate 202. Other flexible materials such as silver nanoparticles, conductive polymers, conductive inks may be used for the (printable) antenna 204. As such, the flexible microwave antenna 204 may be a soft and thin printed antenna. In alternative examples, the antenna 204 may be made from a hard piece of material, e.g. metal or other rigid materials to form e.g. a rigid pie structure that is not soft.

[0082] The multi-LED array 206 is directly integrated into the upper polyimide film layer 207 and includes multiple LEDs arranged in a matrix format. The LED array 206 is passive, meaning that the LED array 206 does not require an external power source to operate. The LEDs are powered by microwave energy absorbed from the antenna 204 (in other words, by at least a portion of the emitted microwave energy), allowing the LEDs to emit light during the treatment process. This optical irradiation works synergistically with the microwave energy, enabling simultaneous optical and microwave therapy to cover large areas and provide multimodal therapy across the treated area, and enhancing these therapeutic effects of the patch 200.

[0083] The structure of LEDs has been redesigned to enhance activation by microwave energy. FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional schematic view of a part of the wearable multimodaltherapy patch 200 illustrating an arrangement of a light emitting diode (LED) 206’ (of the multi-LED array 206) with at least a part of the antenna 204, according to an example. As shown in FIG. 4, the structure of the LED 206’ includes an anode (p-) layer 450, a cathode (n-) layer 455 arranged opposite to the anode layer 450, and an active region 452 arranged between the cathode layer 455 and the anode layer 450. The LED 206’ may be disposed on a substrate 457 (e.g. sapphire substrate). For example, the cathode layer 455 may be arranged adjacent to the sapphire substrate 457. The cathode layer 455 and the anode layer 450 of the LED chip 206’ are engineered as on-chip dipole antennas integrated with resonant structures aligned with specific microwave frequencies. More specifically, a cathode dipole antenna 204a may be provided in contact with a part of the anode layer 450 of the LED 206’. This contact part may be towards a side of the anode layer 450. An anode dipole antenna 206b may be provided in contact laterally across a substantial part or even the entire sapphire substrate 457 (to align with the cathode layer 455). This asymmetric configuration enables the precise delivery of microwave energy directly to the active regions of the LED, allowing for faster and more efficient modulation of light output, without the antenna 204 blocking or hindering sufficient amount of light emitted from the LED 206’ to reach the skin surface of the subject 315 as well. By controlling carrier densities through microwave-induced fields, the LED 206’ may achieve superior performance in terms of speed and efficiency, opening new avenues for advanced optical applications.

[0084] The PDMS membrane 205 may be placed on top of the multi-LED array 206 as a protective layer. PDMS is a soft, flexible material that provides both physical protection and comfort for the skin. It also serves as a moisture barrier, ensuring the patch 200 remains effective even during prolonged use.

[0085] The technology may use two sub-modules as methods of tracing, namely a control unit and an embedded microcontroller with data logging. The embedded microcontroller may record data such as the duration of use, frequency of therapy sessions, intensity levels of optical and electrical radiation, and other relevant parameters. This data may be stored in onboard memory and later retrieved for analysis.The control unit may help patients to track their usage patterns, set reminders for therapy sessions, and adjust settings according to their treatment plan. In addition, each patch (e.g. 200 of FIGS. 2A and 2B) may beassigned a unique device identifier, allowing healthcare providers and manufacturers to track individual devices. This is particularly useful for tracing usage patterns, managing recalls, or monitoring device performance across different patient populations. Furthermore, the patch may include embedded sensors that detect whether the patch is working correctly and consistently. These sensors may provide feedback to the patient(s) or caregiver(s), ensuring proper usage and improving compliance with the prescribed therapy regimen.

[0086] Notable Advantages and Considerations

[0087] The wearable, printable multimodal therapy patch 200 introduces an innovative combination of microwave diathermy and optical irradiation in a single, flexible, lightweight, and disposable device. Unlike existing cellulite treatment technologies, which are often rigid and limited to single-modality approaches such as laser therapy, radiofrequency, or extracorporeal shockwave therapy, this patch 200 integrates both microwave and light therapy for enhanced therapeutic outcomes. In addition, the multiLED array 206 is passively powered by the microwave energy emitted from the antenna 204, eliminating the need for an external power source. This energy-efficient design enhances scalability and usability, offering convenience for users without compromising effectiveness. The unique integration of multimodal therapy into a wearable, disposable format, combined with its innovative energy system, sets this therapy patch apart from any existing device in the market, providing a transformative solution for non-invasive cellulite treatment and other therapeutic applications.

[0088] The integration of microwave diathermy and optical irradiation has not been known to be explored in prior art. This technology is designed to meet multiple therapeutic objectives, namely fat reduction, skin tightening, muscle recovery, and cellulite treatment, within a single, compact device, offering a comprehensive and user-friendly solution.

[0089] A key feature of the flexible microwave antenna 204 specially optimizes for coupling resonance at 2.4 GHz. This design ensures efficient energy propagation deep into tissues while avoiding damage to the skin or surrounding areas. Tissues with high water content may be selectively targeted, and thus deep tissue heat may be generated for fatbreakdown and collagen stimulation. Such minimal energy loss ensures an efficient and localized therapy.

[0090] Additionally, as described above, the optical energy via the multi-LED array 206 is designed with a passive powering mechanism, where microwave energy absorbed at the P-N junctions of the LED array 206 activates 640 nm light emission. This approach not only reduces device complexity but also enhances scalability and adoptability. This design addresses the limitations of current technologies, such as rigidity, single-modality focus, high costs, and dependency on professional administration. The integration of multiple functionalities, advanced materials, and energy-efficient design makes the patch 200 a promising solution. This dual-modality design not only enhances therapeutic efficacy but also simplifies the device structure, reduces production costs, and improves scalability, thereby making it an economical / affordable option for patients requiring continuous care.

[0091] The flexibility of the patch 200 allows it to conform to different body contours while maintaining effective energy delivery, and without impeding movement. This is particularly beneficial for both clinical and at-home use. The patch 200 operate non-invasively, without damaging the skin surface or surrounding tissues. Focused treatment ensures safety and comfort, with no downtime required. It may offer adjustable power levels and therapy durations to suit individual patient needs. The patch 200 may be adaptable for a variety of body areas and therapeutic objectives, and may be available in several formats, such as adhesive bandages, facial masks, or wound dressings, making it versatile for various medical and cosmetic applications.

[0092] The penetration depth of microwave energy is dependent on the tissue composition and may not uniformly target deep fat layers in all patients. Variability in tissue thickness and composition may vary the efficacy of the treatment. An adaptive control system (not shown in the figures) may be used within the patch 200 to dynamically adjust microwave frequency or power output based on real-time feedback from sensors detecting tissue impedance or composition.

[0093] Whilst prolonged exposure to microwave energy or light therapy may cause discomfort or sensitivity in certain individuals, particularly those with pre-existing skin conditions, user-controlled settings may be integrated to adjust the intensity of bothmicrowave and optical radiation. Additionally, skin temperature sensors may be embedded to ensure safe operation by automatically reducing intensity, e.g. if overheating is detected.

[0094] Wearable devices are generally subject to frequent handling, stretching, and bending, which may compromise the durability of the patch over time, especially for disposable versions. Thus, advanced flexible materials such as graphene composites or flexible printed electronics may be used to enhance the durability and lifespan of the patch 200 without compromising comfort or flexibility.

[0095] Applications of the Technology

[0096] The technology, described herein with respect to various embodiments, exhibits versatile applications, including: medical and therapeutic applications; aesthetic and cosmetic applications; and veterinary applications.

[0097] For example, in cellulite treatment, effective reduction of the appearance of cellulite by targeting fat cells, stimulation of collagen production, and tightening of the skin may be performed. Accelerated tissue repair and regeneration may also promote wound healing through enhanced blood flow and collagen synthesis. Non-invasive pain relief, especially for muscle soreness, chronic pain, and sports injuries may be useful for pain management. Post-surgical recovery may be possible by supporting healing and reducing inflammation after surgeries by enhancing cellular repair processes. Undergoing physical therapy, muscle recovery, reduction of stiffness, and improvements on joint mobility for physical rehabilitation patients may also be viable.

[0098] Skin tightening and anti-aging are important aesthetic and cosmetic applications for facial and body treatments that involve rejuvenation of the skin, reduction of wrinkles, and improvements on elasticity. Fat reduction may be targeted in localized areas, contributing to a slimmer appearance when performing body contouring. Further, skin regeneration may be promoted to reduce the visibility of stretch marks through collagen stimulation.

[0099] Adaptations for treating wounds, pain management, and musculoskeletal recovery in pets or larger animals positively contribute towards veterinary medicine and animal rehabilitations.

[0100] While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that variouschanges in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is thus indicated by the appended claims and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A wearable device for performing multimodal therapy on a subject, the wearable device comprising:a substrate;a planar antenna disposed on the substrate, the planar antenna configured to emit micro wave radiation onto a skin surface of the subject, allowing microwave energy from the microwave radiation to propagate into underlying tissues of the subject; anda planar array of light sources configured to substantially simultaneously emit light on the skin surface to perform light therapy,wherein the planar antenna is arranged between the substrate and the planar array of light sources to form a multilayered structure, andthe planar array of light sources is further configured to operate passively and solely by the microwave energy from the planar antenna.

2. The wearable device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the planar array of light sources is configured to substantially simultaneously emit the light at a wavelength ranging from 400 nm to 1400 nm.

3. The wearable device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the planar array of light sources is arranged in a matrix format.

4. The wearable device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the planar array of light sources comprises a planar array of light emitting diodes.

5. The wearable device as claimed in claim 4, wherein each light emitting diode of the planar array comprises:a cathode;an anode opposite to the cathode; anda resonant structure arranged between the cathode and the anode,wherein each of the cathode and the anode is engineered as an on-chip dipole antenna integrated with the resonant structure to provide alignment with a frequency of the microwave energy.

6. The wearable device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the resonant structure comprises:a base structure arranged adjacent to the anode; anda diode disposed on the base structure, the diode comprising a p-type layer having at least a portion arranged adjacent to the cathode, a n-type layer opposite to the p-type layer, and an active region arranged between the p-type layer and the n-type layer.

7. The wearable device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the substrate comprises a flexible polymer, preferably polyimide.

8. The wearable device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the planar antenna comprises a flexible metallic film.

9. The wearable device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the planar antenna is configured to operate at a frequency ranging from 1 GHz to 30 GHz, preferably at about 2.4 GHz.

10. The wearable device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising:a polymer film having an underlying adhesive layer,wherein the planar array of light sources is integrated into the polymer film, the substrate comprises an overlying adhesive layer, andin the multilayered structure, the planar antenna is adhered to the planar array of light sources and the substrate via the underlying adhesive layer and the overlying adhesive layer, respectively.

11. The wearable device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the multilayered structure is fabricated via film patterning and printing techniques, or via photolithography.

12. The wearable device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising:a membrane layer disposed on the planar array of light sources and arranged over the multilayered structure, wherein the membrane layer is configured to be placed on the skin surface of the subject.

13. The wearable device as claimed in claim 12, wherein the membrane layer comprises polydimethylsiloxane, silicone rubber, polyurethane, a thermoplastic elastomer, parylene, or a fabric.

14. The wearable device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13, further comprising a fabric layer adjacent to the substrate, wherein the fabric layer is configured to provide protection and / or wearability of the wearable device.

15. A non-invasive method for performing multimodal therapy on a subject, the method comprising:emitting microwave radiation onto a skin surface of the subject to allow microwave energy from the microwave radiation to propagate into underlying tissues of the subject; andsubstantially simultaneously emitting light on the skin surface to perform light therapy, wherein the light is generated from a planar array of light sources operated passively and solely by the microwave energy.

16. The non-invasive method as claimed in claim 15, wherein substantially simultaneously emitting the light comprises substantially simultaneously emitting the light at a wavelength ranging from 620 nm to 750 nm, preferably of about 640 nm.

17. The non-invasive method as claimed in claim 15 or 16, wherein each light source of the planar array comprises:a cathode,an anode opposite to the cathode; anda resonant structure arranged between the cathode and the anode,wherein each of the cathode and the anode is engineered as an on-chip dipole antenna integrated with the resonant structure to provide alignment with a frequency of the microwave energy.

18. The non-invasive method as claimed in any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the microwave energy has a frequency of about 2.4 GHz.

19. The non-invasive method as claimed in any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the micro wave energy has a frequency and / or an output power, at least one of which is adjustable to optimize propagation into the underlying tissues of the subject.

20. The non-invasive method as claimed in any one of claims 15 to 19, being carried out by a wearable device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14.

21. A non-invasive method for performing multimodal therapy on a subj ect, the method comprising:emitting microwave radiation onto a skin surface of the subject to allow microwave energy from the microwave radiation to propagate into underlying tissues of the subject; andoptionally emitting light on the skin surface to perform light therapy, wherein the light is generated from a planar array of light sources operated passively and solely by the microwave energy; andwherein the method is carried out by a wearable device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14.

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