See how a heat collection unit mediates between water-based indoor units and refrigerant outdoo
See how an air release device and opening-closing valve remove air from the heat medium circuit
See how automatic periodic restart after preset idle time enables refrigerant abnormality detec
See how parallel-compressor control maintains heat pump capacity above 90% at -13°F by activati
See how adaptive target control values and stability judging reduce refrigerant quantity judgin
See how evaporating pressure adjustment with electromagnetic valves prevents heat exchanger fre
See how a thermostat controller detects incorrect O/B settings by monitoring temperature change
See how saturation temperature calculated from refrigerant pressure cancels pressure variation
See how liquid refrigerant elimination control uses temperature detection and dynamic valve adj
See how calculating condenser liquid phase area ratio from condensation temperature, super-cool
See how condenser liquid phase area ratio calculation enables accurate refrigerant filling judg
See how dip-switch adjustable minimum flow control enables variable flow valves to balance cool
See how a gas-liquid separator and bypass pipe route gas refrigerant around the outdoor heat ex
See how dynamic refrigerant storage adjustment using outdoor temperature and indoor load sensin
See how temperature sensors at branch ports identify connected indoor units without DIP switche
See how computing discharge temperature variation ratio enables accurate expansion valve contro
See how a gas-liquid separating device bypasses the outdoor heat exchanger during heating to el
See how a differential pressure sensor detects evaporator ice formation by monitoring air flow,
See how a controller recalculates heating demand based on pressure trip signals to prevent comp
See how dual switching valves maintain countercurrent flow through heat exchangers in both heat
See how variable-speed compressor control with pressure feedback eliminates repeated cycling in
See how hot gas bypass circuits with solenoid valves redirect refrigerant from idle outdoor uni
See how a controller recalculates heating demand based on refrigerant pressure trip signals to
See how dynamic adjustment of compressor discharge temperature and pressure limits enables rapi
See how pressure and temperature sensors detect zeotropic refrigerant composition in real-time
See how temperature sensors and thermodynamic calculations replace pressure detection systems t
See how partitioned spaces with ventilation openings and bent airflow paths cool electronic com
See how a sandwich-like heat exchanger structure with nested fan reduces noise pollution and en
See how a refrigeration cycle controller switches to refrigerant amount determination during lo
See how temperature-differential logic and outdoor sensor comparison prevent false refrigerant
See how operating state verification distinguishes real refrigerant leakage from false sensor s
See how electrical resistance sensing detects multiple refrigerant types and concentrations to
A switched refrigerant bypass keeps low-temperature flow out of the intermediate heat exchanger during defrost, preventing heat medium freezing.
Flow switching keeps primary and secondary refrigerants in counterflow, improving intermediate heat exchange across cooling and heating modes.
Compressor pressure, temperature, speed, and output are correlated to detect mixed refrigerant composition without costly bypass hardware.
Adjustable minimum heat-source water flow lets the valve match installation conditions, balancing cooling performance and power use.
A state estimator lets vapor compression control account for unmeasured thermal loads while enforcing constraints and tracking setpoints.
By sensing evaporation temperature downstream of the expansion valve, this case prevents refrigerant blockage and compressor overheating.
By equalizing subcooling across multiple outdoor units, this case improves refrigerant charge accuracy despite temperature and installation differences.
Counterflow refrigerant routing with check valves keeps heat exchange efficient when flow direction changes across cooling and heating modes.
Compressor-speed-based expansion valve correction prevents liquid backflow and refrigerant shortage during air conditioner heating.
A ring-shaped fan outlet orifice blocks blade-passing noise while guiding airflow and preserving heat exchanger capacity in a compact unit.
An accumulator heating element detects liquid refrigerant by power change, enabling compressor protection without a separate level sensor.
Sequentially starting compressor and fan loads lets a heat pump run from generator power without exceeding startup current limits.
By holding discharge pressure above the critical point, the expansion mechanism avoids two-phase refrigerant flow and suppresses startup noise.
Only active thermocline vessels are pressurized, cutting energy use and pressure losses while preserving efficient thermal storage.
Non-return valve routing keeps evaporator flow direction unchanged during mode reversal, preserving countercurrent heat exchange and COP.
Dynamic valve control adjusts heat source water flow from pressure and load feedback to balance heat exchange efficiency and power use.