A quinone-based flow battery stores electrical energy through reversible protonation of organic molecules to hydroquinones.
Rib cushioning prevents sealing line pressure drop from elastic deformation, extending service life.
Inclined intermixing plates auto-center electrode plates during assembly, preventing bag damage from manual handling while reducing terminal size and weight.
Curved inner battery cover surfaces redirect droplets via vibration to mix stratified electrolyte and extend lead-acid battery life.
A flow battery electrode assembly uses a conductive spacer to connect impermeable and permeable metal electrodes for electrical continuity.
A hollow mixing element with a thin flow channel circulates electrolyte through communicating tubes.
Thermal convection currents mix the electrolyte while a temperature sensor detects level changes, eliminating complex mechanical mixing devices.
A battery module receiving apparatus inserts heat transfer plates between cell slots to conduct thermal energy away from the cells.
A flow battery power converter charges electrolytes in parallel cells and pumps fluid to series cells for voltage generation.