A varying RF multipole field and tapered electrode ratio increase ion acceptance at entry while tightening beam focus and transfer through narrow apertures.
Keyed protrusions and socketed contacts keep mass spectrometer lens elements aligned during cleaning and reassembly, reducing errors and downtime.
A flexible vacuum ion path with differential pumping and ion guides extends sampling distance while minimizing ion loss in mass spectrometry.
Secular frequency measurements at multiple RF voltages build a Mathieu q calibration curve for more accurate FT quadrupole m/z determination.
A tapered ion transport channel strengthens the electric field, limits residue buildup, and improves mass spectrometry sensitivity and resolution.
Symmetrical out-of-phase RF electrodes cut pseudopotential barriers, improving ion transmittance and beam coupling through a small aperture.