Magnetic field gradients separate lithium, nickel, manganese, and cobalt ions from battery leachate without toxic reagents, cutting waste.
Stronger magnetic force below the liquid surface keeps magnetic bodies moving on the drum while reducing magnet material and apparatus cost.
Alternating superconducting coil currents create a strong vertical field decay and stable horizontal gradient for higher-resolution density separation.
Crossed electric and magnetic fields separate ionized HLW by atomic mass, cutting storage volume by removing low-mass bulk material.
Polymer-functionalized magnetic particles use steric stabilization and MOF binding to extract rare earths and lithium in harsh solutions.
Alternating superconducting coils create a stronger, vertically decaying field gradient that improves density separation and lowers ferrofluid demand.
An upstream sub-drum magnetizes sludge into larger aggregates, helping the main drum recover magnetic sludge from liquid more effectively.
A shared superconducting coil combines fault current limiting and magnetic energy storage to stabilize grids with lower complexity and cost.