Pre-mixing heavy oil with carboxylic or ester additives cuts preheater fouling, improves catalyst dispersion, and limits coke precursors.
Premixing heavy oil with an organic additive forms an in situ catalyst that cuts preheater fouling and improves hydroconversion of low-quality feedstocks.
Stacked collection and distribution trays improve quench-zone mixing while reducing interbed space, reactor size, and catalyst loading loss.