Pre-formed alignment marks on the substrate guide precise micro LED unit placement, reducing fabrication time and improving transfer accuracy.
Separating pads from connection electrodes in the thickness direction prevents insulating layer damage caused by thermal stress at high voltages.
A memory structure uses a spacer conductive layer with merged and non-merged portions to connect contacts.
Spatially varying resistive materials on conductive lines mitigate current spikes near sources while maintaining delivery to distant cells.
An opaque layer blocks unwanted light in peripheral regions of a back-illuminated image sensor, reducing optical cross-talk and noise generation.
Sacrificial layer etching creates vertical channels for high-density storage, resolving the trade-off between density and manufacturing complexity.