Past air conditioning usage corrects future vehicle electricity consumption estimates, improving travelable distance prediction from battery level.
Charging is limited to the energy needed for the planned trip, cutting route blockage while keeping the vehicle ready for cyclic missions.
When the electronic booster brake fails, accelerator pedal input is remapped to negative wheel torque to preserve braking control.
When DC bus voltage sags under sudden motor load, torque is reduced in stages to keep the inverter operating and the vehicle running.
Virtual drive torque simulation and target motor torque calculation let EV powertrains reproduce manual-transmission drive force changes accurately.
Prestored transition values let the drive circuit detect abnormal load control signals and cut power to actuators before unintended operation.
Estimating speed at each wheel from minimum wheel speed and steering angle improves slip determination accuracy during turns.
A one-way clutch decouples the hydraulic pump when hydraulic drive is unnecessary, cutting battery drain while preserving traction flexibility.
A section-based planner selects charging stops, charge amounts, and speed using road conditions and SOC to cut total EV travel time.
Charging is limited to the energy needed for a planned trip, cutting delays while keeping enough power for cyclic vehicle operations.
When a main battery sensor fails, auxiliary-battery charging and DC-DC control maintain EV battery state of charge and prevent overcharge or over-discharge.
Route-reliability control uses navigation and slope data to balance battery SOC for uphill power and downhill regenerative braking.
A gradient-limiting AWD controller smooths torque handoff between primary and secondary motors to reduce jolts during dynamic drive changes.
Predicted battery charge lets a bi-mode train adjust drive and auxiliary power to cut diesel emissions and noise without risking delays.
A controller blends regenerative and friction braking to keep a constant front-rear force ratio, preserving vehicle stability when regen fails.
Adaptive SOC thresholds increase motor assist and limit generation when EV mode constraints are anticipated, improving hybrid fuel economy.
During hill starts, gear shifts, or cold weather, power is shifted from auxiliary loads to propulsion to keep electric vehicles operable.
A common carrier reference surface aligns inverter modules precisely, cutting tolerance errors, assembly complexity, and installation space.
A hydrodynamic torque converter lets an EV motor start at higher efficiency while boosting launch torque and reducing thermal load.
When one rotating body becomes abnormal, two inverters are switched to drive the other motor and recover escape torque without larger inverters.
Torque is redistributed across axle assemblies and gear shifts are staggered to avoid power and current limit violations without torque loss.
Controlled motor torque creates vehicle body pitching to deliver quiet haptic notifications to occupants without added hardware.
Sensors detect intake blockage or surfacing and trigger motor reversal or shutdown to clear debris, cut noise, and protect watercraft components.
Surface-aware deceleration control adjusts regenerative and friction braking to maintain traction and stable vehicle slowdown on slippery terrain.
Targeted motor torque re-accelerates a locked wheel toward static friction, shortening braking distance and improving ABS braking force.
Switchable battery cells reserve hidden capacity and release it when route and charging data predict immobilization risk.
By tracking voltage, impedance, and resistance, this case prevents shutdowns that leave vehicles unable to restart or reach service.
A slipping clutch and electric machine extend gear-speed range to smooth stop-start acceleration, cut shifts, and reduce gearbox wear.
A detachable speed limiting tool and prohibition unit stop unauthorized limit changes while allowing authorized utility vehicle adjustments.
Phase-shifted PWM near zero crossing suppresses harmonics and current ripples, enabling stable high-speed motor control with less noise.
A cylindrical coupling absorbs output shaft and wheel axis deviation while nesting the reducer to shorten mover axial length.
Strain gauges and accelerometers on cart movers track force imbalance and bearing wear in real time to support predictive maintenance.
Road-condition-based switching between torque and wheel speed control keeps wheel slip safe while staying within actuator torque limits.
Closely spaced conductors between two EV inverters and motor groups cancel magnetic fields, cutting leakage noise without extra filters.
Independent front and rear axle speed control lets an off-road vehicle pivot around obstacles, cutting turning radius while preserving traction.
Current-threshold battery control simplifies powered stair chair safety while preserving motor speed, lower weight, and consistent stair movement.
Wavelet denoising and predictive control with a Smith predictor reduce electro-hydraulic braking lag and improve maglev speed tracking.
A dual-use second converter switches from motor drive to DC:DC boost mode in cruise, holding voltage while avoiding extra converter weight.
A multi-phase transformer and LLC converter combine OBC and DC-DC functions to charge HV and LV vehicle batteries with isolation and fewer parts.
Engine torque feedback constrains hydrostatic pump displacement to avoid stall risk and keep power machines near peak efficiency.
Current reduction during engine torque transfer helps a worm-drive 4WD clutch maintain accurate drive-power distribution despite vibration.
Motor acceleration is used to estimate internal shaft torque, cut EV motor power during over-torque, and diagnose gearbox damage.
Motor speed is electrically matched during shifting so a dog coupling can change gear ratios quickly with less wear and no mechanical synchronizer.
Dual preset power limits balance battery, motor, and load constraints to improve hybrid vehicle DCDC stability and power use.
A controller scores variance and noise across redundant motor speed sensors to pick one representative signal for stable axle speed control.
A dual power supply ECU predicts load current changes and adjusts supply control to limit voltage variation without sacrificing efficiency.
Mode-based regenerative torque control reduces coasting deceleration discomfort while preserving energy recovery across gentle and active driving.
Hydraulic pressure sensing detects when trailer landing gear clears the ground while motor stall control prevents unnecessary tractor deactivation.
A central PWM housing shields EMI from modular battery modules, simplifying cooling and shielding while preserving sinusoidal voltage control.
Vertically coupled battery modules let an electric excavator match operating time to usage while avoiding excess battery weight and cost.