Water Contaminants TRIZ Cases

See how a nested three-stage filter structure with micron-sized, carbon fiber, and container la

See how a dual-drain filter with upward flow and gravity-assisted collection captures microplas

See how electrochemical cells produce hydrogen peroxide and acidic anolyte for cleaning, then e

See how porous filter pads in a gravity-flow assembly remove chlorine at 0.5–3 Lpm without pres

See how waste heat from furnace exhaust drives a LiBr absorption chiller using treated wastewat

See how orthogonal standing waves and Z-axis discharge ports enable compact, efficient micropla

See how a gravity-flow filter assembly uses segmented filtration layers and porous media to rem

See how an integrated filter medium in a drinking straw enables real-time water purification, e

See how split filtration with ion-exchange modules optimizes water composition for coffee and s

Ozone decolorizes indigo-stained process water so denim finishing can reuse it, cutting fresh water use while preventing weft discoloration.

Waste lithium battery cathodes act as electrochemical catalysts to degrade trace organics in water while enabling valuable metal recovery.

Converts sodium sulfate battery-process residue with potassium chloride into potassium sulfate fertilizer, cutting disposal burden and waste.

Salting-out with potassium hydroxide or ammonia crystallizes high-purity potassium sulfate from industrial sulfate streams with lower energy use.

Ultrasonic cavitation in a recirculating sample chamber breaks down PFAS while avoiding the complexity and waste handling of filtration-based removal.

An asymmetric carbon cathode and metal-coated anode limit surface oxidation, extending wastewater heavy-metal removal cell life.

Porous Magnéli titanium oxide electrodes oxidize PFAS in water with lower energy demand while enabling filtration and high defluorination.

Multi-stage countercurrent washing, heavy metal removal, and fractional crystallization recover purer alkali chlorides from salt-containing dusts.

Synthetic genes in engineered bacteria and yeast produce modified Lv-Rsn-1 surfactant protein, avoiding frog foam extraction and low-yield supply.

A sealed disposable cartridge and retractable piston simplify filter media replacement, cut contamination risk, and lower ultrapure water costs.

Acid washing removes fly ash impurities, while Fe-salt alkaline ball milling shortens zeolite preparation and improves adsorption.

Using an ejector to create vacuum in membrane distillation avoids humid-stream pump issues while cutting energy use and maintenance.

A Speece cone bubble swarm concentrates PFAS into foam, cutting water contamination by up to 99% with lower cost and maintenance.

Foam fractionation concentrates PFAS for mobile on-site destruction, avoiding hazardous transport while keeping treatment flexible across sites.

Isolated Pd atoms on a Cu surface suppress hydrogen evolution, enabling selective nitrate reduction to ammonia in neutral wastewater.

Resurrected Daphnia filter and absorb pharmaceuticals and pesticides from water, enabling high removal with minimal treatment infrastructure.

A long half-life free radical starts a self-sustaining aqueous chain reaction that removes PFAS and other contaminants with low energy use.

Host-guest complexes selectively capture lithium from high-salinity geothermal brine without freshwater dilution, cutting energy use and impact.

Pulsed voltage in an electrochemical reactor raises contaminant destruction while cutting energy use and toxic by-products.

Walnut-shell biochar supports lanthanum cobaltate to activate peroxymonosulfate, improving microplastic degradation and catalyst recovery.

Partitioned anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic circulation with mixers and reflux cuts COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, TN, and TP at lower cost.

Pressurized fungal and air injection opens low-permeability soil, supports mycelial growth, and improves in-situ pollutant cleanup.

Voltage-driven porous metal and carbon electrodes remove PFAS, nanoplastics, heavy metals, and pathogens while enabling low-cost regeneration.

Desalination brine is injected into a recirculation loop to supply magnesium for struvite recovery while limiting calcium scaling and clogging.

Quantified substrate ratios and anaerobic-aerobic modules improve stormwater nitrogen and phosphorus removal on mountainous sites.

A phosphoric extractant with high-molecular-weight substituents improves cobalt and nickel selectivity while speeding water-oil phase separation.

Air sparging and venturi water recirculation generate contaminant-laden foam for efficient on-site VOC and PFAS groundwater removal.

Calcium-free arsenic removal under acidic pH cuts arsenic slag volume while recovering sulfur as gypsum from metallurgical waste liquid.

PAC blended into activated sludge flocs boosts PFAS adsorption and clarifier separation in wastewater and landfill leachate treatment.

Multi-stage filtration conditions and recycles contaminated gear wash water for on-site firefighter PPE cleaning and safer discharge.

Ion exchange softening raises the monovalent-to-divalent ratio so lithium adsorption can recover lithium with less water and chemical use.

COD or TOC measurements are correlated to surfactant levels for real-time dosing control, reducing waste and testing delays.

Concentrated saline breaks microplastic-magnetic aggregates, enabling clean particle recovery and magnetic material reuse above 99.0%.

An ion selective membrane removes water from plasma activated water to retain nitrate, nitrite, and hydrogen peroxide in a smaller volume.

High-frequency cavitation mineralizes PFAS in concentrated waste streams, cutting pollutant levels and energy use for on-site treatment.

A phosphoric acid-based extractant improves cobalt and nickel ion selectivity while speeding water-oil phase separation for metal recovery.

A deflector-supported replaceable cartridge redirects water away from the enclosure wall to improve filtration efficiency and simplify filter replacement.

Iron coagulants and sodium sulfite reduce selenium in industrial wastewater, enabling flocculation and separation to meet strict discharge limits.

A porous structure loaded with biochar and microorganisms improves runoff infiltration while adsorbing and biodegrading contaminants.

Sequential raceway ponds and algae flow ways strip nitrogen and phosphorus from headwater streams to curb harmful algal blooms and yield biofertilizer.

A porous carbonaceous substrate with titanium and copper catalysts improves nitrate conversion while lowering voltage demand.

Cationic coatings on anionic semipermeable membranes improve PFAS retention and enable high-efficiency single-pass removal from water.

Asymmetric porous electrodes stabilize voltage distribution to control ion speciation and improve reproducible removal from aqueous streams.

Covalently linked chelating resin removes divalent and higher-valent metals to sub-ppb levels while staying stable in acidic, basic, and oxidative media.

Micro-voltage, conductive media, and micro-aeration are combined to boost electron transfer, microbial activity, and organic waste conversion.

Chemical pretreatment plus glass, carbon, and selective resin stages remove short-chain PFAS from leachate while slowing filter saturation.

Countercurrent washing, heavy metal removal, and fractional crystallization recover alkali metal chlorides from industrial salt-containing dusts.

Negatively charged nano cellulose binds heavy metals electrostatically, enabling low-cost removal from wastewater without added pollutants.

A biochar, perlite, sand, and ZVI packed bed uses hydrophobic, electrostatic, and ligand-exchange capture to remove PFAS from water.

Enzymatic CYA breakdown followed by hypochlorite treatment removes biuret and cyanuric acid while preserving chlorine disinfection without draining water.

Polyethyleneimine-CS2 salt neutralizes rare-earth cationic charges in aqueous mixtures, enabling simple solid-liquid separation with high recovery.

Amorphous platinum-zinc catalyst decomposes hydrogen peroxide efficiently.