Circumferential stator spray nozzles improve cooling fluid delivery, reducing thermal limits while avoiding misting and deposits.
A same-layer jumper links forward and reverse hairpin windings to keep phase balance while cutting shape variety, tooling cost, and production complexity.
A radially stepped spacer supports bent coil segments at uniform axial height, reducing movement and welding defects in wave-wound stators.
Interleaved concentric tooth coils equalize groove fill to narrow the air gap field spectrum and reduce harmonic torque in low-pole PM motors.
A unitary involute stator bar removes the lead bend section to cut end winding length, vibration, support complexity, and cost.
A 540° slot transposition with adjusted coil-end angles cuts induced strand voltage differences and lowers circulation current loss.