A method for improving saline-alkali soil by combining straw with cold-resistant microorganisms and straw decomposition solution

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for improving saline-alkali soil by combining straw with cold-tolerant microorganisms and straw decomposition solution. A straw decomposition solution and a composite biological bactericide composed of cold-tolerant straw-decomposing bacteria such as Brevibacterium frigoritolerans, Arthrobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., and Micrococcus sp. are applied in combination, and then a nutrient agent composed of a small amount of urea, magnesium carbonate, superphosphate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese citrate, cobalt nitrate, zinc sulfate, and ammonium molybdate is added to reduce the adverse effect of low temperature in Northeast China on straw decomposition, improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil, improve the improvement efficiency of saline-alkali soil, realize the resource utilization of agricultural straw, and increase grain production capacity. The present invention creatively proposes to use cold-tolerant microorganisms in combination with straw decomposition solution and crop straw to improve saline-alkali soil, and achieves good improvement effects, providing a new idea for the improvement of saline-alkali soil in cold regions and enriching the technical path for the improvement of saline-alkali soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a method for improving saline-alkali soil by combining straw with cold-resistant microorganisms and straw decomposition liquid. Background Technique

[0002] Soil salinization refers to the process in which salts in the underlying soil or groundwater rise to the surface along the capillary water, and after the water evaporates, the salts accumulate in the surface soil. It refers to the phenomenon or process of the accumulation of easily soluble salts in the surface soil of the soil, also known as salinization. The distribution range of saline soil or saline-alkali soil in China is wide, the area is large, and the types are diverse, with a total area of about 100 million hectares. For this reason, application number: CN201510289848.5 discloses a heavy saline-alkali soil improvement conditioner and its preparation method and application. Among them, the soil improvement conditioner includes: 50-55 parts by weight of calcium salt, 20-25 parts by weight of biomass coke, 13-16 parts by weight of biomass aqueous solution, and 12-15 parts by weight of organic chemical fertilizer. This soil improvement conditioner can quickly and effectively improve various problems such as high soil alkalization degree, low fertility, high soil pH value, and soil agglomeration, and the price of this soil improvement conditioner is low, and the heavy metal content is low.

[0003] The problems existing in the prior art are: the existing technology involves using crop straw mulch to reduce soil water evaporation, and the core is to use cold-resistant microorganisms and crop straw decomposition liquid to accelerate the decomposition of crop straw, increase soil organic matter content, and reduce soil pH. The problem of creatively combining cold-resistant microorganisms with straw decomposition liquid and crop straw to improve saline-alkali soil. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil by combining straw with cold-resistant microorganisms and straw decomposition liquid, which has the advantages of reducing soil water evaporation, promoting soil infiltration, increasing soil organic matter, reducing soil pH, and reducing the accumulation of surface soil salts, improving soil physical and chemical properties, and improving saline-alkali soil, and solves the existing problems of using crop straw mulch to reduce soil water evaporation, with the core being to use cold-resistant microorganisms and crop straw decomposition liquid to accelerate the decomposition of crop straw, increase soil organic matter content, reduce soil pH, and creatively combine cold-resistant microorganisms with straw decomposition liquid and crop straw to improve saline-alkali soil.

[0005] The present invention is implemented as follows. A method for improving saline-alkali soil by combining straw with cold-resistant microorganisms and straw decomposition liquid includes the following steps:

[0006] S1. Prepare a soil dilution solution according to a certain water-soil mass ratio, then add a certain mass of crop straw thereto, and anaerobically decompose for 55-60 days to obtain straw decomposition liquid;

[0007] S2. Before winter, apply organic fertilizer to the salinized soil at a rate of 15 t / ha;

[0008] S3. Apply the crushed crop straw to the salinized soil at a rate of 10 t / ha;

[0009] S4. Apply the nutrient agent to the salinized soil at a rate of 1 t / ha;

[0010] S5. Prepare a compound biological bacteria agent and spray it evenly on the surface of the straw;

[0011] S6. Through rotary tillage, mix the crop straw, organic fertilizer, and soil evenly;

[0012] S7. Dilute the straw decomposition liquid and apply it to the salinized soil by sprinkler irrigation, with an irrigation quota of 50 - 60 mm.

[0013] As a preference of the present invention, the mass ratio of water to soil in the soil dilution liquid is 1000:1, and the soil used is salinized soil.

[0014] As a preference of the present invention, the crop straw for making the straw decomposition liquid consists of corn straw and rice straw, with a mass ratio of 2:1. After being crushed into 5 - 10 cm segments, it is added to the soil dilution liquid, and the mass ratio of the crop straw to the soil dilution liquid is 1:20 - 1:25.

[0015] As a preference of the present invention, the crop straw applied to the salinized soil consists of corn straw and rice straw, with a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0016] As a preference of the present invention, the organic fertilizer is composed of cow dung, pig dung, and chicken dung in a mass ratio of 2:2:1 and is composted at 20 - 65 °C.

[0017] As a preference of the present invention, the nutrient agent is composed of 9 substances: urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium carbonate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese citrate, cobalt nitrate, zinc sulfate, and ammonium molybdate, with a mass ratio of 35 - 40:20 - 25:15 - 18:3 - 5:3 - 5:3 - 5:3 - 5:3 - 5:1 - 2.

[0018] As a preference of the present invention, the compound biological bacteria agent consists of 25% Brevibacterium frigoritolerans, 20% Arthrobacter, 15% Pseudomonas, 20% Bacillus, and 20% Micrococcus, and the effective viable bacteria count ≥ 2×108 cfu g-1.

[0019] As a preference of the present invention, the application rate of the compound biological bacteria agent is 0.02% of the mass of the crop straw applied to the salinized soil.

[0020] As a preference of the present invention, the dilution ratio of the straw decomposition liquid applied to the salinized soil is 1:800 - 1:1000.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] 1. The crop straw of the present invention can effectively increase the porosity of the topsoil, interrupt the upward movement of capillary water in the soil, and reduce the salt accumulation caused by freeze-thaw of the topsoil in winter. After the straw enters the soil, it can increase soil organic matter, improve soil fertility, and increase soil carbon sink; the straw decomposition liquid (anaerobic) contains organic acids, ammonia nitrogen, small-molecule organic substances, partial fibers, and abundant microorganisms, etc., which can reduce the soil pH, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, enhance the microbial activity of saline-alkali soil, and cooperate with the composite biological bacterial agent containing cold-tolerant straw decomposing bacteria to effectively improve the straw decomposition efficiency in Northeast China and enhance the improvement effect of saline-alkali soil; the crop straw increases soil pores, reduces soil heat transfer, and has a certain heat preservation effect to provide more suitable living conditions for microorganisms; at the same time, through the combined action of straw decomposition liquid + straw + organic fertilizer + nutrients, the C / N ratio can be adjusted, the rhizosphere environment of crops can be improved, the best conditions for microbial growth can be provided, the nutrient utilization rate can be increased, the soil can be rapidly fertilized, and greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced.

[0023] 2. The crop straw of the present invention is rich in resources in Northeast China. The present invention provides a reliable way for the reuse of crop straw, which is convenient for the popularization of the technology of using crop straw to improve saline-alkali soil.

[0024] 3. The technology of using crop straw combined with cold-tolerant microorganisms and straw decomposition liquid to improve saline-alkali soil of the present invention can improve the improvement efficiency of saline-alkali soil. After 360 days of improvement, compared with the soil without straw treatment, the soil pH can be reduced by 0.85 - 0.98, the organic matter content can be increased by 2.33 - 2.47 g / kg, and the corn yield can be increased by 3.99 - 4.24 t / ha; compared with the soil treated only with straw, the soil pH can be reduced by 0.34 - 0.47, the organic matter content can be increased by 1.31 - 1.45 g / kg, and the corn yield can be increased by 2.10 - 2.35 t / ha. Specific Embodiments

[0025] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes, and beneficial effects of the present invention, the following detailed description of the technical solutions of the present invention is given in combination with the following specific embodiments, but it should not be understood as a limitation on the implementable scope of the present invention. The area of the treatment plots in the following embodiments and comparative examples is 144 m², the soil pH before treatment is 8.61, and the organic matter content is 11.21 g / kg.

[0026] Example 1:

[0027] 1. Collect saline-alkali soil and prepare a soil dilution solution according to the water-soil mass ratio of 1000:1;

[0028] 2. Crush corn straws and rice straws into 5 - 10 cm segments and mix them according to a mass ratio of 2:1; mix the crop straws and soil diluent according to a ratio of 1:20, and obtain straw decomposition solution after 60 days of decomposition.

[0029] 3. Before winter, stack and ferment cow dung, pig dung, and chicken manure according to an amount ratio of 2:2:1 at 20 - 65 °C to obtain mature organic fertilizer, and apply the well - stacked organic fertilizer to the salinized soil at a rate of 15 t / ha.

[0030] 4. Crush corn straws and rice straws, mix them according to a mass ratio of 2:1, and apply the crushed crop straws to the salinized soil at a rate of 10 t / ha.

[0031] 5. Configure a nutrient agent by mixing nine substances including urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium carbonate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese citrate, cobalt nitrate, zinc sulfate, and ammonium molybdate according to a mass ratio of 40:20:17:5:5:5:5:5:2, and apply the nutrient agent to the salinized soil at a rate of 1 t / ha.

[0032] 6. Prepare a compound biological bactericide by mixing 25% Brevibacterium frigoritolerans, 20% Arthrobacter, 15% Pseudomonas, 20% Bacillus, and 20% Micrococcus, with the effective viable bacteria count ≥ 2×10⁸ cfu g⁻¹, and evenly spray it onto the surface of the straw according to 0.02% of the mass of the straw applied to the salinized soil.

[0033] 7. Mix the crop straws, organic fertilizer, and soil evenly by rotary tillage, dilute the straw decomposition solution 1000 times and apply it to the salinized soil by sprinkler irrigation with an irrigation quota of 55 mm, and then wait for sowing in the next spring.

[0034] 8. Sowing: Sow in the next spring, the planting variety is Jingke 968, the row spacing is 28 cm × 60 cm, and at the same time apply corn compound fertilizer (produced by Stanley Agriculture Group Co., Ltd.).

[0035] 9. Collect soil samples after maturity, measure the soil pH and organic matter content, and measure the corn yield.

[0036] Example 2:

[0037] 1. Collect salinized soil and configure a soil diluent according to a water - to - soil mass ratio of 1000:1.

[0038] 2. Crush corn straws and rice straws into 5 - 10 cm segments and mix them according to a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0039] Mix the crop straws and soil diluent according to a ratio of 1:25, and obtain straw decomposition solution after 60 days of decomposition.

[0040] 3. Before winter, compost cow dung, pig manure, and chicken manure in a ratio of 2:2:1 at 20 - 65 °C to obtain mature organic fertilizer, and apply the well-composted organic fertilizer to the saline-alkali soil at a rate of 15 t / ha.

[0041] Ferment to obtain mature organic fertilizer, and apply the well-composted organic fertilizer to the saline-alkali soil at a rate of 15 t / ha.

[0042] 4. Crush corn straw and rice straw, mix them in a mass ratio of 2:1, and apply the crushed crop straw to the saline-alkali soil at a rate of 10 t / ha.

[0043] Apply the crushed crop straw to the saline-alkali soil at a rate of 10 t / ha.

[0044] 5. Configure a nutrient agent from nine substances including urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium carbonate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese citrate, cobalt nitrate, zinc sulfate, and ammonium molybdate in a mass ratio of 35:25:15:3:3:3:3:3:1, and apply the nutrient agent to the saline-alkali soil at a rate of 1 t / ha.

[0045] Configure a nutrient agent from nine substances including urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium carbonate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese citrate, cobalt nitrate, zinc sulfate, and ammonium molybdate in a mass ratio of 35:25:15:3:3:3:3:3:1, and apply the nutrient agent to the saline-alkali soil at a rate of 1 t / ha.

[0046] 6. Prepare a compound biological bacteria agent by mixing 25% Brevibacterium frigoritolerans, 20% Arthrobacter, 15% Pseudomonas, 20% Bacillus, and 20% Micrococcus, with the effective viable bacteria count ≥ 2×108 cfu g-1, and uniformly spray it onto the surface of the crop straw at 0.02% of the mass of the straw applied to the saline-alkali soil.

[0047] 7. Mix the crop straw, organic fertilizer, and soil evenly by rotary tillage, dilute the straw decomposition liquid 800 times, and apply it to the saline-alkali soil by sprinkler irrigation with an irrigation quota of 55 mm, and then wait for sowing in the spring of the next year.

[0048] Mix the crop straw, organic fertilizer, and soil evenly by rotary tillage, dilute the straw decomposition liquid 800 times, and apply it to the saline-alkali soil by sprinkler irrigation with an irrigation quota of 55 mm, and then wait for sowing in the spring of the next year.

[0049] 8. Sowing: Sow in the spring of the next year, with the planting variety being Jingke 968, and the row spacing and plant spacing being 28 cm × 60 cm, and at the same time apply corn compound fertilizer (produced by Stanley Agriculture Group Co., Ltd.).

[0050] 9. After maturity, collect soil samples, measure the soil pH and organic matter content, and measure the corn yield.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] 1. Collect saline-alkali soil and configure a soil dilution solution according to a water-soil mass ratio of 1000:1.

[0053] 2. Crush corn straw and rice straw into 5 - 10 cm segments, mix them in a mass ratio of 2:1, and mix the crop straw with the soil dilution solution in a ratio of 1:23, and obtain straw decomposition liquid after 60 days of decomposition.

[0054] 3. Before winter, compost cow dung, pig manure, and chicken manure in a ratio of 2:2:1 at 20 - 65 °C

[0055] to obtain mature organic fertilizer, and apply the well-composted organic fertilizer to saline-alkali soil at a rate of 15 t / ha;

[0056] 4. Crush corn straw and rice straw, mix them in a mass ratio of 2:1, and apply the crushed crop straw to saline-alkali soil at a rate of 10 t / ha;

[0057] 5. Configure a nutrient agent from nine substances including urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium carbonate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese citrate, cobalt nitrate, zinc sulfate, and ammonium molybdate in a mass ratio of 37:23:16:4:4:4:4:4:1, and apply the nutrient agent to saline-alkali soil at a rate of 1 t / ha;

[0058] 6. Prepare a compound biological bacterium agent by mixing 25% Brevibacterium frigoritolerans, 20% Arthrobacter, 15% Pseudomonas, 20% Bacillus, and 20% Micrococcus, with the effective viable bacteria count ≥ 2×108 cfu g-1, and uniformly spray it onto the surface of the straw at 0.02% of the mass of the straw applied to the saline-alkali soil;

[0059] 7. Mix the crop straw, organic fertilizer, and soil evenly by rotary tillage, dilute the straw decomposition solution 900

[0060] times and apply it to the saline-alkali soil by sprinkler irrigation with an irrigation quota of 55 mm, then wait until the next spring for sowing;

[0061] 8. Sowing: Sow in the next spring, the planting variety is Jingke 968, the row spacing is 28 cm × 60 cm, and at the same time apply corn compound fertilizer (produced by Stanley Agriculture Group Co., Ltd.);

[0062] 9. After maturity, collect soil samples, measure the soil pH and organic matter content, and measure the corn yield.

[0063] Control 1:

[0064] 1. Before winter, compost cow dung, pig manure, and chicken manure in a ratio of 2:2:1. Before winter, compost the organic fertilizer at 20 - 65 °C to obtain mature organic fertilizer, and apply the well-composted organic fertilizer to saline-alkali soil at a rate of 15 t / ha;

[0065] 2. Crush corn straw and rice straw, mix them in a mass ratio of 2:1, and apply the crushed crop straw to saline-alkali soil at a rate of 10 t / ha;

[0066] 3. Through rotary tillage, the crop straw, organic fertilizer, and soil are evenly mixed, and the saline-alkali soil is irrigated once with an irrigation quota of 55 mm, and sowing is carried out in the following spring;

[0067] 4. Sowing: Sowing is carried out in the following spring, the planting variety is Jingke 968, the row spacing and plant spacing are 28 cm × 60 cm, and at the same time, corn compound fertilizer (produced by Stanley Agriculture Group Co., Ltd.) is applied;

[0068] 5. After maturity, soil samples are collected to measure the soil pH and organic matter content, and the corn yield is measured.

[0069] Comparative Example 2:

[0070] 1. A comparative experiment is carried out beside Example 1. Before winter, cow dung, pig dung, and chicken dung are composted and fermented at a ratio of 2:2:1 under the condition of 20-65 °C to obtain mature organic fertilizer, and the composted organic fertilizer is applied to the saline-alkali soil at a rate of 15 t / ha;

[0071] 2. Through rotary tillage, the organic fertilizer and soil are evenly mixed, and the saline-alkali soil is irrigated once with an irrigation quota of 55 mm, and sowing is carried out in the following spring;

[0072] 3. Sowing: Sowing is carried out in the following spring, the planting variety is Jingke 968, the row spacing and plant spacing are 28 cm × 60 cm, and at the same time, corn compound fertilizer (produced by Stanley Agriculture Group Co., Ltd.) is applied;

[0073] 4. After maturity, soil samples are collected to measure the soil pH and organic matter content, and the corn yield is measured.

[0074] It can be concluded from Table 1 that the treatment of combining crop straw with cold-tolerant microorganisms and straw decomposition liquid significantly reduces the soil pH compared with the treatment of only applying straw and the treatment without straw, significantly improves the organic matter content, and the crop yield of the treatment of combining crop straw with cold-tolerant microorganisms and straw decomposition liquid is significantly higher than that of the treatment of only applying straw and the treatment without straw. The effect of improving saline-alkali soil by combining crop straw with cold-tolerant microorganisms and straw decomposition liquid is obvious.

[0075] Table 1

[0076] The working principle of the present invention:

[0077] In use, first, prepare a soil dilution solution according to a certain water-soil mass ratio, then add a certain mass of crop straw to it, and obtain a straw decomposition solution after anaerobic decomposition for 55 to 60 days. Secondly, before winter, apply organic fertilizer to the saline-alkali soil at a rate of 15 t / ha, then apply the crushed crop straw to the saline-alkali soil at a rate of 10 t / ha, apply the nutrient agent to the saline-alkali soil at a rate of 1 t / ha, prepare a compound biological inoculant, and evenly spray it on the surface of the straw. Through rotary tillage, mix the crop straw, organic fertilizer, and soil evenly. Finally, dilute the straw decomposition solution and apply it to the saline-alkali soil by sprinkler irrigation, with an irrigation quota of 50 to 60 mm.

[0078] In summary, the method for improving saline-alkali soil by combining straw with cold-resistant microorganisms and straw decomposition solution solves the problem of using crop straw mulch to reduce soil water evaporation in the prior art. The core is to use cold-resistant microorganisms and crop straw decomposition solution to accelerate the decomposition of crop straw, increase soil organic matter content, and reduce soil pH. It creatively combines cold-resistant microorganisms with straw decomposition solution and crop straw to improve saline-alkali soil.

[0079] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0080] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for improving saline-alkali soil by combining straw with cold-resistant microorganisms and straw decomposition liquid, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Prepare a soil dilution solution according to a certain water-soil mass ratio. The water-soil mass ratio in the soil dilution solution is 1000:1, and the soil used is salinized soil. Then add a certain mass of crop straws, and after anaerobic decomposition for 55 - 60 days, obtain a straw decomposition solution. The crop straws used to make the straw decomposition solution consist of corn straws and rice straws, with a mass ratio of 2:

1. After being crushed into 5 - 10 cm segments, they are added to the soil dilution solution, and the mass ratio of crop straws to the soil dilution solution is 1:20 - 1:25; S2. Before winter, apply organic fertilizer to the salinized soil at a rate of 15 t / ha; S3. Apply the crushed crop straws to the salinized soil at a rate of 10 t / ha; S4. Apply the nutrient agent to the salinized soil at a rate of 1 t / ha; S5. Prepare a compound biological inoculant and spray it evenly on the surface of the straw; S6. Through rotary tillage, make the crop straws, organic fertilizer, and soil evenly mixed; S7. Dilute the straw decomposition solution and apply it to the salinized soil by sprinkler irrigation, with an irrigation quota of 50 - 60 mm.

2. The method for improving saline-alkali soil by combining straw with cold-resistant microorganisms and straw decomposition solution according to claim 1, wherein: The organic fertilizer is composed of cow dung, pig dung, and chicken dung in a mass ratio of 2:2:1 and is composted at 20 - 65 °C.

3. The method for improving saline-alkali soil by combining straw with cold-resistant microorganisms and straw decomposition solution according to claim 1, wherein: The nutrient agent is composed of 9 substances, namely urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium carbonate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese citrate, cobalt nitrate, zinc sulfate, and ammonium molybdate, with a mass ratio of 35 - 40:20 - 25:15 - 18:3 - 5:3 - 5:3 - 5:3 - 5:3 - 5:1 - 2.

4. A method for improving saline-alkali soil by combining straw with cold-resistant microorganisms and straw decomposition liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compound biological inoculant is composed of 25% Brevibacterium frigoritolerans, 20% Arthrobacter, 15% Pseudomonas, 20% Bacillus, and 20% Micrococcus, and the effective viable count is ≥ 2×108 cfu g-1.

5. A method for improving saline-alkali soil by combining straw with cold-resistant microorganisms and straw decomposition liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application rate of the compound biological inoculant is 0.02% of the mass of the crop straws applied to the salinized soil.

6. A method for improving saline-alkali soil by combining straw with cold-resistant microorganisms and straw decomposition liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dilution ratio of the straw decomposition solution applied to the salinized soil is 1:800 - 1:1000.

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