The method can significantly improve the growth and fruiting rate of 2-3 year old container grafted seedlings of Carya illinoinensis after afforestation

Abstract

The application discloses a method for improving the growth and fruiting rate of 2-3-year-old Carya illinoensis container grafting seedlings after afforestation, which comprises the following steps: selecting 2-3-year-old Carya illinoensis container grafting seedlings and young seedling container seedlings, transplanting the container seedlings and the young seedling container seedlings into planting ponds in an afforestation area, setting up a wound on the stem bark of the container seedlings and the young seedling container seedlings respectively after scratching the stem bark, binding the wounds of the container seedlings and the young seedling container seedlings by using plastic cloth, filling soil, and normally maintaining; after the wounds are fully healed, the plastic cloth is removed, the part above the wound joint of the young seedling container seedlings is cut off, and the young seedling container seedlings are normally maintained until the roots of the young seedling container seedlings and the Carya illinoensis container seedlings are alive. The method can not only protect the root system of the container seedlings by the root system protection matrix, but also can release the root system winding, enhance the root system activity, and promote the rapid growth and development of the root system after transplanting.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of Carya illinoensis K. Koch planting, in particular to a method capable of significantly improving the growth and fruiting rate of 2-3 year old Carya illinoensis K. Koch container grafted seedling after afforestation. BACKGROUND

[0002] Carya illinoensis K. Koch, also known as long Carya, American Carya and pecan, belongs to the type of callus root. The root system of Carya illinoensis K. Koch is slow to recover after being damaged. In addition, the afforestation time of bare-root seedlings of Carya illinoensis K. Koch is limited to the dormancy season, i.e. winter and spring. In particular, in the drought-stricken areas of Yunnan in winter and spring, the root system of bare-root seedlings is severely damaged due to wind and sun exposure during transplanting, and the afforestation survival rate is even worse, generally only 10-50%. Therefore, container grafted seedlings are mostly used for afforestation of Carya illinoensis K. Koch in Yunnan.

[0003] After sowing, the first year growth of Carya illinoensis K. Koch is slow, and generally needs to be cultivated in a container for 1-2 years before grafting when the diameter of the seedling reaches more than 0.8 cm. The root system of Carya illinoensis K. Koch is developed, and the main root of 1-2 year old seedlings is generally 1-2 meters long, and the lateral root is 0.5-1 meter long.

[0004] The container for cultivating Carya illinoensis K. Koch container seedlings generally uses a plastic bag or a non-canvas bag with roots that cannot penetrate. In order to save substrate and land costs for seedling cultivation and reduce the weight of container seedlings, the diameter of the container for cultivating Carya illinoensis K. Koch container seedlings is generally 15-25 cm wide and 30 cm deep, which is relatively small. The root system of Carya illinoensis K. Koch seedlings grown in such a container for more than one year has already been entangled, and the longer the cultivation time in the container, the more serious the entanglement of the root system. From sowing to container grafting seedling afforestation, the cultivation time of the seedling in the container needs to be as long as 2-3 years, and the root system is already severely entangled, which hinders the absorption of nutrients by the fine roots and the transportation of the nutrients to the branches and leaves through the stem, resulting in slow growth and low fruiting rate after transplanting. The container grafted seedlings afforested with entangled root systems have a tree height of only 1.5-2 meters in the fifth year, and the proportion of fruiting trees is less than 10%.

[0005] The existing method for removing the entangled root system of Carya illinoensis K. Koch container grafted seedlings is to cut the entangled main root and lateral root system with a sharp knife or scissors when the container grafted seedlings are afforested. This method causes serious root damage and destroys the protection of the root system by the container substrate. Improper operation may also cause the container seedlings to become bare-root seedlings. This method cannot completely cut the entangled root system while not damaging the protection of the root system by the substrate. This method is difficult to operate, the root system is easily damaged, and the afforestation survival and tree growth and fruiting after afforestation are affected.

[0006] The information disclosed in the background section is only for the purpose of increasing the understanding of the general background of the application and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already commonly known by those of ordinary skill in the art. SUMMARY

[0007] The present application provides a method for significantly improving the growth and fruiting rate of 2-3 year old Carya illinoensis container grafted seedlings after afforestation, which can not only retain the protective effect of the root system of the container seedlings on the root system, but also overcome the difficulty of nutrient absorption and transportation caused by the root system of the grafted seedlings, ensuring that the root system is flexible and has strong growth activity to support the growth and development of the scion, significantly accelerating the growth of the tree body and improving the fruiting rate of the Carya illinoensis container grafted seedlings after afforestation.

[0008] The present application provides a method for significantly improving the growth and fruiting rate of 2-3 year old Carya illinoensis container grafted seedlings after afforestation, which comprises the following steps:

[0009] Select 1 Carya illinoensis container grafted seedling with 2-3 year old root system and 1 tender container seedling of Carya illinoensis with 3-4 months of age, remove the container and plant them in the same planting pond, fill the soil, and normally maintain, after the seedlings are planted and survive, cut the phloem of the grafted seedling and the tender seedling at the same height of the stem, form a wound of 5-10 cm long, align the wounds of the grafted seedling and the tender seedling, and fix and seal them with plastic film; this method can be operated annually. After the wounds are fully healed, cut off the part above the grafting interface of the Carya illinoensis seedling, because the root system of the seedling is tender and not entangled, it has strong growth activity and can absorb nutrients and water in the soil, providing nutrients for the growth of the grafted seedling through the grafting interface, promoting the growth and fruiting of the grafted seedling, and overcoming the problem of slow growth and low fruiting rate of the grafted seedling after afforestation due to the difficulty of nutrient absorption and transportation caused by the entangled root system of the grafted seedling.

[0010] Preferably, the tender container seedling is Carya illinoensis seed sown in a container and cultivated to 3-4 months of age; the root system of the tender seedling is not entangled and is semi-lignified.

[0011] Preferably, the diameter of the container of the tender container seedling is 10-15 cm and the depth is 30 cm.

[0012] Preferably, the leaf photosynthesis accumulation of the Carya illinoinensis container grafting seedling can be transported to the root of the young container seedling through the phloem of the sufficiently healed grafting joint, accelerate the growth of the root system of the young seedling, the rapid growth of the root system of the young seedling enhances the absorption of nutrients and water from the soil and transports them to the branches and leaves above the grafting joint, accelerates the growth of the tree body of the Carya illinoinensis container grafting seedling, and improves the fruiting rate of the Carya illinoinensis container grafting seedling.

[0013] Preferably, the root system of the 2-3 year old Carya illinoinensis container seedling has aged and intertwined, affecting the normal absorption and transportation of nutrients and water by the root system.

[0014] Preferably, the seedling age of the young container seedling is 3-4 months.

[0015] Preferably, the Carya illinoinensis container grafting seedling cultivation method is: selecting a plastic container with a diameter of 15-25 cm and a depth of 30 cm, filling the substrate, sowing Carya illinoinensis seeds, and normally cultivating for 1-2 years, when the diameter of the root reaches more than 0.8 cm, branches from a good seedling fruiting tree are collected in February-March, and grafting is performed by wedge grafting, and after the grafting survives, it is cultivated for about 1 year as a Carya illinoinensis container grafting seedling for afforestation.

[0016] Preferably, the diameter of the scion branch of the good seedling fruiting tree is 0.7-1.0 cm, and it has 1-2 full buds.

[0017] The beneficial effects that can be produced by the present application include:

[0018] 1) The method provided by the present application can significantly improve the tree growth and fruiting rate of 2-3 year old Carya illinoinensis container grafting seedlings after afforestation, the method cultivates container seedlings with non-interwoven root systems, container seedlings with non-interwoven and aged root systems are companion planted in the same planting pond with container grafting seedlings with interwoven and aged root systems, the stems of the grafting seedlings and the seedlings are scratched, the wounds are pressed against each other, and then bound together with plastic film, until the grafting seedlings and the seedlings grow callus and connect together, the part above the grafting joint of the seedling is cut off, forming a "double-root tree". The root system of the seedling with non-interwoven root system can grow freely, the absorption of nutrients in the soil is transported to the branches and leaves above the grafting joint through the "root system-stem-grafting joint-leaf", promoting the growth and fruiting of the grafting tree, the photosynthetic substances produced by the leaves of the grafting seedling are transported to the root system of the seedling through the grafting joint, promoting the rapid growth of the root system, interacting with each other, gradually replacing the root system of the grafting seedling with the root system of the seedling, effectively overcoming the problems of slow tree growth and late fruiting after traditional Carya illinoinensis container grafting seedling afforestation.

[0019] 2) The method provided by the application can significantly improve the growth and fruiting rate of 2-3 year old P. monticola container grafted seedlings after afforestation. According to the method, the afforestation survival rate of P. monticola container seedlings is 99.5%, the average ground diameter is 4.8 cm, the average tree height is 5.2 m, the tree flowering and fruiting rate is 91% after 5 years of afforestation, which is 65% higher than the survival rate of 2-3 year old bare-root grafted afforestation, 1.4 cm higher than the average ground diameter, 1.8 m higher than the average tree height, and 62% higher than the tree fruiting rate. The survival rate of traditional 2-3 year old container grafted seedlings is increased by 15.5%, the average ground diameter is increased by 2.9 cm after 5 years of afforestation, the average tree height is increased by 3.8 m, and the fruiting rate is increased by 80%.

[0020] 3) The method provided by the application can significantly improve the growth and fruiting rate of 2-3 year old P. monticola container grafted seedlings after afforestation. According to the method, the root system of the young seedling can absorb nutrients, and the grafted seedling branches and leaves can grow, which solves the problem of slow growth, late fruiting and low fruiting rate of P. monticola container grafted seedlings after afforestation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The application will be further described in conjunction with the examples below, but in no way limits the application, any transformation or improvement based on the teaching of the application falls within the protection scope of the application.

[0022] EXAMPLE

[0023] The materials and instruments used in the following examples are obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified; the detection methods used are existing methods unless otherwise specified.

[0024] The post-transplantation forest maintenance method is the same as the prior art, which is not repeated here.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] 1. Materials: P. monticola container grafted seedlings preparation method: select a plastic container with a diameter of 15-25 cm and a depth of 30 cm, fill the substrate, sow P. monticola seeds, and normally cultivate for 1-2 years. When the ground diameter reaches more than 0.8 cm, in February and March, branches from a good seedling tree are used for wedge grafting. The grafted seedlings are cultivated for about 1 year as P. monticola container grafted seedlings for afforestation; the diameter of the scion branch of the good seedling tree is 0.7-1.0 cm, with 1-2 full buds;

[0027] Select 100 P. monticola container grafted seedlings with 2-3 year old root systems that have been intertwined. At this time, the root system of the container seedling has aged. At the same time, 100 semi-lignified young seedling container seedlings with 3-4 month old root systems that have not been intertwined are selected.

[0028] 2. Method: when afforesting, one container grafting seedling of Carya illinoensis and one young container seedling are planted in the same planting pond at the same time after removing the container, filling the soil, and normal maintenance, after the seedlings are planted and survive, the phloem of the Carya illinoensis grafting seedling and the young seedling are cut open at the same height of the stem, and the wounds are coincided in time, fixed and tightly wrapped with plastic film, and normal maintenance and management are carried out in the later period.

[0029] After the wounds are fully healed, the part above the grafting joint of the young seedling is cut off, because the root system of the young seedling is tender and has not been wound, the growth activity is strong, the soil nutrients and water can be absorbed, and the nutrients accumulated by photosynthesis of the grafting seedling leaves are transported to the root system of the seedling through the grafting joint, the growth of the seedling is accelerated, the root system is expanded, the developed root system of the seedling can absorb more nutrients and transport them to the branch and leaf parts of the grafting seedling, the tree growth is significantly promoted, the fruit branch cultivation is improved, and the fruiting rate of the tree is significantly improved. Thus, the problem of slow tree growth and low fruiting rate after afforestation of the grafting seedling due to difficulty in nutrient absorption caused by root system winding is overcome.

[0030] The survival rate and fruiting rate of the transplanted container grafting seedling are counted after 5 years.

[0031] 3. Results: the afforestation survival rate of the method is 99.5%, the average ground diameter of the tree is 4.8 cm, the average tree height is 4.6 m, and the tree flowering and fruiting rate is 78% after 5 years of afforestation of the container grafting seedling.

[0032] Comparative example 1

[0033] The difference from example 1 is that 100 Carya illinoensis container grafting seedlings with root system winding of 2-3 years old are selected, the wound root system base is cut off with a sharp blade or scissors, the lower substrate is damaged, and many thick roots are leaked out, the root wound is immersed in a carbendazim solution (carbendazim powder and water are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:10) for 5 min, and then transplanted into a planting pond for afforestation. The afforestation survival rate is 84%. The statistics are made after 5 years of afforestation.

[0034] After transplanted, the seedling recovery period is 5 years, and there are also walnut trees with a seedling recovery period of more than 5 years. The seedling recovery period is: the length of the new shoot is measured after 1 year of transplanted tree, and the length of the new shoot is increased by not more than 10% compared with the previous year.

[0035] The average ground diameter, average tree height, and fruiting rate of the Carya illinoensis are counted. Only the average value of the statistics is calculated below.

[0036] The survival rate of the container grafted seedlings in the method of Example 1 was increased by 18.5% compared with the method in Comparative Example 1, the average ground diameter was increased by 1.9 cm, the average tree height was increased by 2.5 m, and the fruiting rate was increased by 65% in the 5th year after afforestation. Although the method in Comparative Example 1 can solve the problem of growth obstruction caused by the winding root system, the container seedlings need to go through a slow growth period after treatment, the growth cycle is long, and the fruiting rate is low, and the overall height of the tree is low.

[0037] Comparative Example 2

[0038] The difference from Example 1 is that 2-3 year old bare-root seedlings are directly transplanted, and the number is 100.

[0039] The statistical results are that the afforestation survival rate of Example 1 is increased by 65% compared with Comparative Example 2, the average ground diameter is increased by 3.4 cm, the average tree height is increased by 1.3 m, and the tree fruiting rate is increased by 62%.

[0040] Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent replacements to some of the technical features, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for significantly improving the tree growth and fruiting rate of 2-3 year old container-grafted pecan seedlings after afforestation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Select one 2-3 year old container-grafted pecan seedling with entwined roots and one 3-4 month old young container-grown pecan seedling. Remove the containers and plant them simultaneously in the same planting hole, fill with soil, and provide normal care. After the seedlings have established themselves, at the same height on the stems of both the container-grafted and young container-grown pecan seedlings, use a knife to trim the long stems of both seedlings. Create a wound in the phloem of the grafted seedling and the seedling, align the wounds, tie them together with plastic film, and wrap the wound tightly. This method can be used year-round. After the wound has fully healed, cut off the part of the thin-shelled pecan seedling above the graft union. Because the root system of the seedling is tender and not tangled, it has strong growth activity and can absorb nutrients and water from the soil. It supplies the grafted seedling with the growth of branches and leaves through the graft union, thus promoting the growth and fruiting of the grafted seedling. This overcomes the problem of slow tree growth and low fruiting rate after afforestation caused by the difficulty of nutrient absorption and transportation due to the tangled root system of the grafted seedling. Young container seedlings are made by sowing thin-shelled pecan seeds in containers and cultivating them until they are 3 to 4 months old; the roots of the young seedlings are not tangled and are semi-lignified; The container for young container seedlings should have a diameter of 10-15cm and a depth of 30cm. The root system of 2-3 year old thin-shelled pecan container seedlings has aged and become entangled, affecting the normal absorption and transport of nutrients and water. The seedlings grown in containers are 3 months old; Cultivation method of thin-shelled pecan container grafted seedlings: Select a plastic container with a diameter of 15-25cm and a depth of 30cm, fill it with substrate, and sow thin-shelled pecan seeds. Cultivate normally for 1-2 years. When the diameter reaches more than 0.8cm, collect branches from fruiting trees of good varieties in February or March and graft them using the cleft grafting method. After the graft survives, continue to cultivate for about 1 year to prepare thin-shelled pecan container grafted seedlings for afforestation. The scion branches of high-quality, mature trees have a diameter of 0.7–1.0 cm and carry 1–2 plump buds; The substances accumulated by photosynthesis in the leaves of thin-shelled pecan container-grafted seedlings can be transported to the roots of young container seedlings through the phloem near the fully healed graft union, accelerating the growth of the young seedling root system. The rapid growth of the young seedling root system, in turn, enhances the absorption of nutrients and water from the soil and their transport to the branches and leaves above the graft union, thus accelerating the growth of trees planted with thin-shelled pecan container-grafted seedlings and increasing the fruiting rate of these trees.