Method for inducing synchronous emergence of rice seeds

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for inducing synchronous emergence of rice seeds. The method comprises: crushing and sieving a mixture of yellow mud, fermented cow dung, vermiculite, peat, and fermented biomass to obtain a main material, adding water to obtain a hydrated main material; fertilizing, acidifying, and adding a fungicide to the hydrated main material to form a breathable seedling-raising substrate; laying subsoil in seedling trays, covering with soil after sowing, watering thoroughly, and then stacking the seedling trays together; placing the seedling trays at a temperature of 30-32°C and a relative humidity of 90% or higher for emergence; and placing the seedling trays on a seedling board under constant temperature and humidity for emergence when the buds reach 0.5 cm in length. The present invention solves the problem of inconsistent emergence times during transplanting and raising rice seedlings in existing rice transplanting machines, resulting in uneven seedling heights and disease in the seedlings. The method of the present invention not only ensures rapid and uniform seedling emergence, but also provides a strong guarantee for cultivating strong seedlings and increasing production and efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a rice seedling emergence method, in particular to a method for inducing synchronous seedling emergence of rice seeds. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the application of rice transplanting machines and rice seedling transplanting technology has been vigorously promoted throughout the country. The key to the development of rice transplanting machines lies in the cultivation of rice seedlings. Traditional rice seedling cultivation often suffers from excessive watering and insufficient oxygen, leading to seed fermentation, rotten seeds, and weak seedlings. Improper temperature control can also cause bud burn. Traditional machine transplanting seedlings also result in uneven emergence and poor uniformity. While the current rice stacking tray seedling cultivation method improves the uniformity of rice seedlings transplanted by machines, it cannot simultaneously control temperature, humidity, and oxygen, resulting in delayed priming and emergence of rice seeds. The problems of rooting and uneven emergence remain unresolved.

[0003] Currently, reports have shown that plant-derived extracts can be used to improve seed germination rates. For example, water, PEG, PVA, KNO3, KH2PO4, CaCl2, gibberellins, and salicylic acid can be used for osmotic adjustment, or antibiotics or rare earth elements such as La or Ce can be used. While single seed initiators are effective in improving germination rates, the results are still unsatisfactory and sometimes fall short of production requirements. Furthermore, treating rice seeds with antibiotics or the rare earth elements La or Ce can have the side effect of polluting the environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a seedling emergence method that can be applied to field production, significantly improves seed initiation, and is free of side effects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for inducing synchronous emergence of rice seeds, which solves the problem that the emergence time of existing rice seedling machines is inconsistent during transplanting, resulting in uneven seedling heights and seedling disease, and realizes uniform seedling emergence.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for inducing synchronous emergence of rice seeds, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) yellow mud mixed soil, fermented cow dung, vermiculite, peat and biomass fermentation material are crushed and sieved to obtain a main material, and water is added to obtain a water-containing main material;

[0007] (2) The main material containing water is fertilized, acidified and fungicides are added to form a breathable seedling medium; the fungicides can prevent and control seedling disease in early rice, and prevent and control bacterial wilt and damping-off disease in single-season rice and continuous-cropping late rice;

[0008] (3) Place the bottom soil in the seedling tray, cover with soil after sowing, water thoroughly, and then stack the seedling trays together;

[0009] (4) Place the seedling tray at a temperature of 30-32°C and a relative humidity of ≥90% for germination. When the bud length is 0.5 cm, place the seedling tray on a seedling board and place it under constant temperature and humidity for germination.

[0010] Preferably, in step (1), the mass of water in the main material containing water is 30% to 36% of the mass of the main material, and the bulk density of the main material containing water is 0.5 to 0.6 kg / m 3 ; The pore size of the sieve is 5mm.

[0011] Preferably, in step (1), the volume ratio of yellow mud mixed soil, fermented cow dung, vermiculite, peat and biomass fermentation material is 3:2:1:2:2.

[0012] Preferably, in step (2), the fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer at a dosage of 20 kg / m 3 : The acid adjustment uses ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to control the pH to 5.5-6.0; the fungicide uses benomyl.

[0013] Preferably, in step (3), the subsoil is an air-permeable seedling-raising substrate, and the depth of the subsoil is 2.0 to 2.2 cm.

[0014] Preferably, in step (3), the covering soil is an air-permeable seedling-raising matrix, and the depth of the covering soil is 0.5 to 0.6 cm.

[0015] Preferably, in step (3), the number of stacked seedling trays is 20 to 25.

[0016] Preferably, in step (4), the constant temperature and humidity are achieved by burning steam in a boiler.

[0017] The method of the present invention for inducing synchronous emergence of rice seeds by temperature and humidity solves the problem of inconsistent emergence time during transplanting and raising rice seedlings in existing rice transplanting machines, resulting in uneven seedling heights and disease in the seedlings. The method has the following advantages:

[0018] 1. The seedling raising matrix of the present invention has good air permeability. The seedling trays can be stacked with gaps between them to provide a ventilation environment for seeds to grow. After sowing, the seedling trays are watered to control the dissipation of moisture in the matrix and the higher humidity in the seedling emergence chamber through the stacking of the trays, thereby ensuring the humidity for seeds to grow.

[0019] 2. After sowing, the rice seedling tray is placed in a temperature- and humidity-controlled seedling emergence chamber. Under the synchronous induction of temperature, humidity, and oxygen, the rice seeds can emerge uniformly after 48 hours. The use of a boiler for uniform heating and humidification treatment increases the emergence rate by 41.8% after 48 hours, and the uniformity of seedlings at 30 days old increases by 52.0%. Therefore, the method of the present invention not only accelerates and uniforms seedling emergence, but also provides a strong guarantee for cultivating strong rice seedlings and increasing production and efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the effects of the breathable seedling raising substrate of Example 1 of the present invention and the yellow mud mixed soil of Comparative Example 1 on the seedling rate.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the effects of boiler steam constant temperature and humidity in Example 1 of the present invention and air conditioning heating and humidification in Comparative Example 2 on the seedling rate and seedling uniformity.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the effects of different emergence methods on the seedling rate and seedling uniformity of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the influence of different darkroom temperatures on the germination rate and seedling rate of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 Graph showing the effect of different humidity levels on germination rates in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] The sources of the components involved in the following examples are as follows:

[0027] The yellow mud mixed soil was collected from the yellow mud of Fuchun Street, Fuyang District;

[0028] The fermented cow dung is obtained by composting and fermenting fresh cow dung, appropriate amount of water and cow dung fermentation agent at 50-70 DEG C for 3 months, wherein the volume ratio of the cow dung fermentation agent, fresh cow dung and water is 1:500:10, and the water content of the fermented cow dung is controlled at 15%-25%.

[0029] The cow dung fermentation agent was purchased from Junde Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

[0030] Vermiculite was purchased from Xinyang Zhiqiu Perlite Co., Ltd. with a specification of 1 to 3 mm;

[0031] Peat was purchased from Shandong North Green Source Import and Export Co., Ltd.;

[0032] The straw composting agent was purchased from Shandong Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0033] The biomass fermentation material is obtained by adding straw and rice husk, 5% paddy field soil, controlling the moisture content to 80%, adding straw composting agent (the volume ratio of straw compost to biomass fermentation material is 1:200), and fermenting at 60°C for 30 days.

[0034] The straw composting agent was purchased from Shandong Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0035] The triple compound fertilizer was purchased from Shilidan Agricultural Group Co., Ltd., with a mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 15:15:15;

[0036] ammonium dihydrogen phosphate was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific;

[0037] Hymexazol purchased Beijing Weimin Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

[0038] The stackable special seedling trays and ordinary stacking trays were purchased from Taizhou Longji Plastic Industry Co., Ltd., and the model is 9-inch seedling tray;

[0039] The seedling raising time is during the early rice period on March 15, 2024, and the variety used is conventional rice Zhongjia Zao 17.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] A main material for raising rice seedlings, comprising the following components by volume:

[0042] Mix 3 parts of disinfected and dried yellow mud, 2 parts of fermented cow dung, 1 part of vermiculite, 2 parts of peat and 2 parts of biomass fermentation material.

[0043] A method for inducing synchronous emergence of rice seeds, the method comprising:

[0044] (1) Preparation of main materials for rice seedling cultivation

[0045] The yellow mud mixed soil, fermented cow dung, vermiculite, peat and biomass fermentation material are crushed and passed through a 5 mm sieve to obtain a main material, and water is added to obtain a water-containing main material; the mass of water in the water-containing main material is 30% to 36% of the mass of the main material, and the bulk density of the water-containing main material is 0.5 to 0.6 kg / m 3 .

[0046] The main material of the rice seedling substrate has good air permeability, fertilizer retention and water retention, providing basic materials for the initiation and emergence of rice seeds. It is suitable for the growth of rice seedlings transplanted by machine, and for supporting and fixing the seedlings after being transplanted by machine into the field, and providing basic nutrients for the growth of seedlings.

[0047] (2) Configuration of aerated rice seedling culture medium

[0048] The main material containing water is fertilized, acidified and bactericide is added to form a breathable seedling medium. The fertilizer is a three-element compound fertilizer, the dosage is 20kg / m 3 , ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is used to adjust the acid, and the pH is controlled between 5.5 and 6.0, and the fungicide is benomyl.

[0049] (3) Stacked seed trays

[0050] Place subsoil (breathable seedling substrate) in stackable seedling trays to a depth of 2.0-2.2 cm. After sowing, cover with soil (breathable seedling substrate) to a depth of 0.5-0.6 cm. Water thoroughly, and then stack the trays. Each stack contains 20-25 medium seedling trays. Based on 9-inch trays, the sowing rate for conventional rice Zhongjiazao 17 is 100 g per tray.

[0051] (4) Synchronous emergence of seedlings in temperature and humidity

[0052] After sowing, the stacked seedling trays are moved to a temperature- and humidity-controlled seedling emergence room at 30-32°C and 90% relative humidity. After 48 hours in the emergence room, the seedlings are allowed to emerge. When the buds are 0.5 cm long, the trays are placed on field seedling boards and heated with boiler steam to maintain a constant temperature and humidity (32°C, 90% humidity) while controlling temperature, humidity, and oxygen levels for emergence.

[0053] Comparative Example 1

[0054] A rice seedling raising material: yellow mud mixed soil;

[0055] A method for inducing rice seed germination is substantially the same as that in Example 1, except that:

[0056] There are no steps (1) and (2). In step (3), the air-permeable seedling-raising substrate is adjusted to yellow mud mixed soil.

[0057] Comparative Example 2

[0058] A rice seedling raising substrate whose main ingredients are the same as those in Example 1;

[0059] A method for inducing rice seed germination is substantially the same as that in Example 1, except that:

[0060] In step (4), the boiler is burned to heat and maintain constant temperature and humidity, which is adjusted to air-conditioning constant temperature and humidity, with a temperature of 32° C. and a humidity of 90%.

[0061] Comparative Example 3

[0062] A rice seedling raising substrate whose main ingredients are the same as those in Example 1;

[0063] A method for inducing rice seed germination is substantially the same as that in Example 1, except that:

[0064] In step (4), there is no synchronous emergence of seedlings with temperature and humidity, and no heating and humidification treatment is performed. The seedlings are emerged in a traditional greenhouse or using ordinary stacked seedling trays.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] The main ingredients of a rice seedling raising substrate are the same as those in Example 1.

[0067] A method for inducing synchronous emergence of rice seeds is basically the same as that in Example 1, except that:

[0068] During the temperature-humidity synchronous emergence of seedlings in step (4), the relative humidity is adjusted from 90% to 95% or 100%.

[0069] Example 3 investigates the effects of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 on seedling emergence

[0070] 1. Soil

[0071] The effects of different soils on seedling emergence in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were compared.

[0072] like Figure 1 As shown in FIG. 1 , the effect of the breathable seedling raising substrate of Example 1 of the present invention and the yellow mud mixed soil of Comparative Example 1 on the seedling rate. Figure 1 It can be seen that compared with growing seedlings in loess, the seedling survival rate of growing seedlings in aerated substrate increased by 38.5%.

[0073] 2. Constant temperature and humidity treatment

[0074] Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were both subjected to constant temperature and humidity treatment for 48 hours. Comparative Example 3 was seedled in a traditional greenhouse or using ordinary stacking trays for 48 hours to examine the emergence rate. The uniformity of the seedlings was examined at 30 days of age.

[0075] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the effect of boiler steam constant temperature and humidity in Example 1 of the present invention and air conditioning heating and humidification in Comparative Example 2 on the seedling rate and seedling uniformity. Figure 2 As can be seen, compared with the emergence rate of comparative example 2 using air conditioning heating and humidification, the 48-hour emergence rate of Example 1 using boiler heating and humidification increased by 23.9%, and the uniformity of the seedlings increased by 33.0 percentage points. Therefore, Example 1 achieved uniform heating and humidification using the boiler, with uniform gas distribution, while comparative example 2, using air conditioning heating and humidification, had a poorer priming effect.

[0076] like Figure 3 As shown in FIG, the influence of different emergence methods on seedling rate and uniformity of seedlings of the present invention. Figure 3 It can be seen that compared with the ordinary stacked tray seedling emergence and traditional seedling raising in comparative example 3, the boiler heating and humidification temperature treatment in embodiment 1 for 48 hours increased the seedling emergence rate by 14.5% and 41.8% respectively, and the uniformity of the seedlings at 30 days old increased by 19.0 and 52.0 percentage points respectively.

[0077] 3. Different darkroom temperatures

[0078] When the humidity was 90%, the effect of darkroom temperature on germination rate and seedling rate was investigated.

[0079] like Figure 4 As shown in FIG, the influence of different darkroom temperatures on the germination rate and the seedling rate of the present invention. Figure 4 It can be seen that

[0080] When the temperature is 32℃ and the humidity is 90%, the seed emergence rate is as high as 85% and the seedling survival rate is as high as 83% within 48 hours.

[0081] 4. Different humidity

[0082] When the temperature was 32℃, the effects of different humidity on the germination rate were investigated.

[0083] like Figure 5 As shown in FIG, the influence of different humidity on the emergence rate of the present invention. Figure 5 It can be seen that when the temperature is 32°C and the humidity is 90%, the seed germination rate is as high as 92% within 48 hours.

[0084] And the 48-hour seed emergence rates of Example 1 and Example 2 are the same.

[0085] Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention. After reading the above description, various modifications and substitutions of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for inducing synchronous emergence of rice seeds, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) yellow mud mixed soil, fermented cow dung, vermiculite, peat and biomass fermentation material are crushed and sieved to obtain a main material, and water is added to obtain a water-containing main material; wherein the fermented cow dung is obtained by composting fresh cow dung, an appropriate amount of water and a cow dung fermentation agent at 50-70°C for 3 months, wherein the volume ratio of the cow dung fermentation agent, fresh cow dung and water is 1:500:10, and the water content of the fermented cow dung is controlled to be 15%-25%; the biomass fermentation material is obtained by stacking straw and rice husk, adding 5% paddy field soil, controlling the moisture content to 80%, adding a straw composting agent and fermenting at 60°C for 30 days, and the ratio of the volume of the straw composting agent to the volume of the biomass fermentation material is 1:200; (2) The main material containing water is fertilized, acidified, and bactericide-added to form a breathable seedling-raising matrix; the fertilization uses a three-element compound fertilizer with a mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of 15:15:15; the acidification uses ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to control the pH to 5.5-6.0; (3) Place the bottom soil in the seedling tray, cover with soil after sowing, water thoroughly, and then stack the seedling trays together; (4) Place the seedling tray at a temperature of 30-32°C and a relative humidity of ≥90% for germination. When the bud length is 0.5 cm, place the seedling tray on a seedling board and place it on a constant temperature and humidity for germination. In step (1), the volume ratio of yellow mud mixed soil, fermented cow dung, vermiculite, peat and biomass fermentation material is 3:2:1:2:2; the mass of water in the main material containing water is 30% to 36% of the mass of the main material, and the bulk density of the main material containing water is 0.5 to 0.6 kg / m 3 ; The pore size of the sieve is 5mm; In step (4), the constant temperature and humidity are achieved by burning steam in a boiler, with a temperature of 32° C. and a humidity of 90%.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (2), the fertilizer dosage is 20kg / m 3 : The bactericide adopts benomyl.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (3), the subsoil is an air-permeable seedling-raising substrate, and the depth of the subsoil is 2.0 to 2.2 cm.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step (3), the covering soil is an air-permeable seedling-raising matrix, and the depth of the covering soil is 0.5 to 0.6 cm.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step (3), the number of stacked seedling trays is 20 to 25.

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