Passion flower out-of-season high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology and method

Abstract

The invention discloses an out-of-season high-yield and high-efficiency passionflower cultivation technology and method, and relates to the technical field of passionflower cultivation, and the method comprises the following steps: selecting a suitable area and a planting festival, selecting an area with frost-free winter from July to September and an altitude of 700-1200 meters for planting, according to the method, passionflower cultivation treatment is carried out through the procedures of proper area and planting festival selection, various preparations before planting, planting trellis building treatment, axillary bud removal and vine guiding treatment, main vine topping and secondary vine management, field fertilizer and water management, comprehensive pest and disease damage prevention and treatment and mature harvesting treatment in sequence. According to the method, traditional single-row cultivation is changed into double-row cultivation, single-seedling planting in each hole is changed into double-seedling planting, the planting density is improved by changing the planting mode, and the total yield of unit area is increased, so that the overall comprehensive benefit is improved, the passionflower can be better subjected to out-of-season cultivation, and the production and planting requirements are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of passion fruit cultivation, in particular to a passion fruit off-season high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology and method. Background Art

[0002] Passion fruit, also known as passion fruit and egg fruit, is native to Brazil and was later introduced to my country for cultivation. It is known as the "king of juice" because of its fragrant and delicious juice. Passion fruit contains more than 135 kinds of aromatic substances and is most suitable for processing into juice or mixing with other fruits to make mixed juice, which can significantly improve the taste and aroma of juice; it can also be used as an additive in ice cream or other foods to enhance the flavor and improve the quality. Passion fruit has extremely high nutritional value and health value. After consumption, it can increase appetite, promote digestion, effectively reduce blood lipids, prevent and treat arteriosclerosis, and has anti-aging and beauty effects. Its nutritional value is higher than that of ordinary fruits.

[0003] As a "short, flat and fast" agricultural industry, passion fruit can be put into production in the same year it is planted, and it plays an important role in poverty alleviation and rural revitalization in mountainous areas. As a specialty fruit, passion fruit has been in increasing demand in the domestic market in recent years. Due to natural conditions and production area restrictions, the domestic passion fruit is mainly on the market from June to December. From February to May, domestic passion fruit is in short supply. There are relatively few areas that can produce off-season passion fruit, and the market price of winter and spring off-season passion fruit remains high. Dehong is the main production area of ​​winter and spring off-season passion fruit in China, with a planting area of ​​about 20,000 mu, and the planting area is expanding year by year. At present, the main problem with winter and spring off-season passion fruit planting is the lack of a reasonable cultivation method.

[0004] Most of the existing off-season passion fruit cultivation methods in winter and spring still refer to the passion fruit cultivation mode in summer and autumn, resulting in low yield and unclear comprehensive benefits. When the temperature in summer and autumn is relatively high, the passion fruit picking time is long, and when the temperature in winter and spring is relatively low, the passion fruit picking time is short. With the same cultivation method, the yield in summer and autumn is higher than that in winter and spring. Although the market price of passion fruit in winter and spring is high, the yield in winter and spring is lower than that in summer and autumn, and the comprehensive benefits are not obvious compared with those in summer and autumn. Therefore, the present invention needs to design a high-yield and high-efficiency off-season passion fruit cultivation technology and method to solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-yield and high-efficiency off-season passion fruit cultivation technology and method in order to solve the above problems, and solve the problems that the existing off-season passion fruit cultivation methods in winter and spring mentioned in the background technology are mostly still referring to the passion fruit cultivation mode in summer and autumn, resulting in low yield and unclear comprehensive benefits. When the temperature in summer and autumn is relatively high, the passion fruit picking time is long, and the temperature in winter and spring is relatively low, and the passion fruit picking time is short. With the same cultivation method, the yield in summer and autumn is higher than that in winter and spring; although the market price of passion fruit in winter and spring is high, the yield in winter and spring is lower than that in summer and autumn, and the comprehensive benefits are not obvious compared with those in summer and autumn.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0007] The off-season high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology and method of passion fruit includes the following specific steps:

[0008] S1. Choose suitable areas and planting seasons, choose to plant in July-September when there is no frost in winter, and the area with an altitude between 700-1200 meters;

[0009] S2. Make preparations before planting:

[0010] Including soil moisture treatment;

[0011] Determine the planting method, including determining the cultivation method, changing the cultivation method from traditional single-row cultivation to double-row cultivation, and changing from planting single seedlings in each hole to planting double seedlings;

[0012] Apply sufficient base fertilizer;

[0013] Covering with mulch film;

[0014] Laying drip irrigation treatment;

[0015] S3, carry out planting trellis treatment, symmetrical planting with a spacing of 1.5 meters between plants and 1.2 meters between rows, plant 2 seedlings in each hole, and build trellises in a curtain-type off-trellis manner, erect a column every 3 meters, the column is perpendicular to the ground, and a double row of curtain-type off-trellises is set up along the planting line, and the wire is pulled according to the planting method;

[0016] S4, remove axillary buds and lead vines. After the plant has survived, remove the axillary buds and leave the main vine terminal buds. When the plant grows to 35 cm, lead the vines to the trellis. Use cotton thread or bamboo as climbing material to lead the vines to the trellis, and tie the main vine to the lead vine line to make the plant climb up the trellis.

[0017] S5. Topping the main vine and managing the secondary vines. After the main vine climbs up the trellis, the two main vines in the planting hole are divided into two directions, one on the left and one on the right, and allowed to grow along the plastic steel wire. When the main vine grows to 1.5 meters, topping is performed, and secondary vine management is performed after topping the main vine;

[0018] S6. Carry out on-site fertilizer and water management. After the plants are planted and survive, use a 30:10:10 water-soluble fertilizer for topdressing and seedling promotion. After the vines are put on the shelves, control the water and fertilizer. Apply fertilizer to promote flowering during the flowering period. Apply high-potassium compound fertilizer during the fruiting period. Dig holes 20-30 cm away from the plants to bury fertilizers. Apply 0.1 kg of compound fertilizer per plant, and apply topdressing every 10-15 days. During the planting process, supplement micro-fertilizers such as boron, zinc, and calcium according to the growth of the plants;

[0019] S7. Carry out integrated pest and disease control and harvest at maturity. Spray chlorpyrifos, morpholine guanidine, amino oligosaccharides and other drugs in combination with amino acid water-soluble fertilizers for prevention and control. Control once every 7-10 days, and continue to control 2-3 times. In the early stage of the disease, use 68% mancozeb, 80% morpholine, 75% thiophanate-methyl and other drugs for comprehensive prevention and control. Control once every 7-10 days, and continue to control 2-3 times. At the same time, remove diseased plants and leaves in the field. Harvest when the fruit turns purple and red and has a slight fragrance.

[0020] Preferably, in the soil moisture treatment in step S2, the soil moisture surface width is 2 meters, the soil moisture height is 0.35 meters, and the ditch width is 0.4 meters. When determining the planting method in step S2, the size of the planting hole needs to be determined, and the size specification of the planting hole is 50cm×50cm×50cm.

[0021] Preferably, the applying of base fertilizer in step S2 comprises the following steps in actual operation: applying 3 kg of organic fertilizer, 0.2 kg of compound fertilizer (15:15:15), and 0.2 kg of superphosphate per hole, mixing them evenly and filling them into the base of the planting hole so that the hole soil is 15-20 cm below the ground surface, and then backfilling a layer of heart soil so that the planting hole is below the ground surface.

[0022] Preferably, in step S2, a 2.4-meter-wide silver-black reflective film is used for covering the ground film, with the silver side facing upward and the black side facing inward, and the surrounding areas are compacted with soil.

[0023] Preferably, when laying drip irrigation in step S2, it needs to be laid in the center of the soil moisture surface, and a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation system is formed on the ground film with branch pipes, capillary tubes, and drippers to replenish water and fertilizer according to soil conditions.

[0024] Preferably, in step S3, sufficient water is poured after transplanting to establish roots, and the transplanting is carried out on a cloudy day or a sunny day after rain. The scaffolding material in step S3 is one or more of wooden pillars, bamboo pillars, and cement pillars. The height of the double-row curtain-type scaffolding in step S3 is 1.8m-2.0m.

[0025] Preferably, in step S3, when the wire is pulled according to the planting method, the main wire is fixed at the center of the column, and the columns are connected in series with plastic steel wire.

[0026] Preferably, the secondary vine management in step S4 includes the following specific steps:

[0027] S401. After the main vine is toppled, the lateral buds that sprout from the main vine are cultivated into secondary vines and used as the main branches for fruiting. Each main vine is cultivated into 8-12 secondary fruiting vines;

[0028] S402, the secondary vines hang down from the trellis to the ground, forming a curtain-like growth pattern. Only one secondary vine is retained at the same leaf position, and the redundant branches are removed;

[0029] S403, leave 5-6 fruits on each secondary vine, and top and pinch the leaves at the next node of the last fruit-bearing position;

[0030] S404. When the secondary vine has no fruit or inflorescence at 60-80cm, cut back the second node at the base to form a new secondary fruiting vine for management.

[0031] Preferably, in step S7, during the integrated pest control and mature harvesting, drugs such as chloranil, morpholine guanidine, amino oligosaccharides and the like are sprayed in combination with amino acid water-soluble fertilizers for prevention and control, and prevention and control are carried out once every 7-10 days, and prevention and control are continuously carried out 2-3 times. In the early stage of the disease, comprehensive prevention and control is carried out by drugs such as 68% carbendazim·mancozeb, 80% methacryloylmorph, 75% thiophanate-methyl and the like, and prevention and control are carried out once every 7-10 days, and prevention and control are continuously carried out 2-3 times. At the same time, diseased plants and leaves in the field are removed, and the fruits are harvested when they turn purple and red and have a slight fragrance. The diseases in step S7 include viral diseases and blight, and the pests in step S7 include thrips, aphids and red spiders.

[0032] Preferably, the pest control in S7 includes the following specific steps:

[0033] S701. During the field management period, hang yellow and blue boards to control thrips and aphids. At the beginning of the pest outbreak, spray 20% highly effective cyhalothrin, 70% pyraclostrobin or 35% thiamethoxam for comprehensive control. Control once every 7-10 days, and control 2-3 times in succession;

[0034] S702. In the early stage of the red spider outbreak, use 25% avermitron, 43% bifenazate, 45% biphenyl-etoxazole, and 73% chlorfenapyr for comprehensive prevention and control. Control once every 7-10 days, and continue for 2-3 times.

[0035] The invention has the beneficial effects that the invention performs passion fruit cultivation processing in sequence through selecting suitable areas and planting seasons, various preparations before planting, planting scaffolding processing, axillary bud removal and vine guiding processing, main vine topping and secondary vine management, on-site fertilizer and water management, integrated pest and disease control and mature harvest processing processes, so that passion fruit seedlings can be better cultivated and grown in the initial stage of cultivation, and unified cultivation is performed through planning a reasonable cultivation method, so that various pest and disease problems encountered during cultivation are effectively solved, and the cultivation mode is changed from traditional single-row cultivation to double-row cultivation, and from single seedling per hole to double seedling planting, and the planting density is increased by changing the planting mode, so that the total yield per unit area is increased, thereby improving the overall comprehensive benefits, so that the passion fruit can be better cultivated in off-season, and the needs of production and planting are met. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] For ease of explanation, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the following specific implementations and the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Figure 1 This is an overall flow chart of the off-season high-yield and high-efficiency passion fruit cultivation technology and method of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a flow chart for determining the cultivation mode of the off-season high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology and method of passion fruit of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 It is the actual planting diagram of the off-season high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology and method of passion fruit of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 It is a specific cross-sectional view of each hole of the off-season high-yield and high-efficiency passion fruit cultivation technology and method of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 The invention discloses a specific actual planting diagram for each hole of the off-season high-yield and high-efficiency passion fruit cultivation technology and method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] Example 1

[0043] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, this specific implementation adopts the following technical solutions:

[0044] The off-season high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology and method of passion fruit includes the following specific steps:

[0045] S1. Choose suitable areas and planting seasons, choose to plant in July-September when there is no frost in winter, and the area with an altitude between 700-1200 meters;

[0046] S2. Carry out various preparations before planting, including soil treatment, determining the cultivation method, determining the size of the planting hole, applying sufficient base fertilizer, covering the ground film and laying drip irrigation. When soil treatment is carried out, the width of the soil surface is 2 meters, the height of the soil surface is 0.35 meters, the width of the ditch is 0.4 meters, the cultivation method is double-row cultivation, the row spacing is 1.2 meters, the plant spacing is 1.5 meters, 2 seedlings are planted in each hole, and the size of the planting hole is 50cm×50cm×50cm; when applying sufficient base fertilizer, the actual operation includes the following steps: apply 3kg of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer (15:15 :15) 0.2kg, superphosphate 0.2kg, evenly mix and fill in the base of the planting hole, so that the hole soil is 15-20 cm below the ground surface, and then backfill 1 layer of heart soil to make the planting hole below the ground surface; when covering the ground film, use a 2.4-meter-wide silver-black reflective film for covering, with the silver side facing up and the black side facing inward when covering the film, and compact the surrounding soil when covering the film; when laying drip irrigation, it needs to be laid in the center of the soil surface, and a water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation system is formed on the ground film with branch pipes, capillary tubes, and drippers to replenish water and fertilizer according to soil conditions;

[0047] S3, carry out planting scaffolding treatment, according to the plant spacing of 1.5 meters, the row spacing of 1.2 meters symmetrical planting, 2 seedlings are planted in each hole, and the scaffolding is carried out in a curtain-type off-frame manner. A column is erected every 3 meters, and the column is perpendicular to the ground. A double row of curtain-type off-frame is set up along the planting line, and the wire is pulled according to the planting method; after planting, sufficient rooting water is poured, and the planting is carried out on cloudy days or sunny days after rain. The scaffolding material is one or more of wooden columns, bamboo columns, and cement columns. The height of the double row of curtain-type off-frame in step S3 is 1.8m-2.0m; when pulling the wire according to the planting method, the main line is fixed to the center of the column, and the columns are connected in series with plastic steel wire;

[0048] S4, remove axillary buds and lead vines. After the plant has survived, remove the axillary buds and leave the main vine terminal buds. When the plant grows to 35 cm, lead the vines to the trellis. Use cotton thread or bamboo as climbing material to lead the vines to the trellis, and tie the main vine to the lead vine line to make the plant climb up the trellis.

[0049] S5. Topping the main vine and managing the secondary vines. After the main vine climbs up the trellis, the two main vines in the planting hole are divided into two directions, one on the left and one on the right, and allowed to grow along the plastic steel wire. When the main vine grows to 1.5 meters, topping is performed. After topping the main vine, secondary vine management is performed. The management of secondary vines includes the following specific steps: After topping the main vine, the lateral buds sprouting on the main vine are cultivated into secondary vines and used as the main branches and vines for fruiting. Each main vine is cultivated with 8-12 secondary fruiting vines; the secondary vines hang down from the trellis to the ground to form a vertical curtain growth pattern. Only one secondary vine is retained at the same leaf position, and the redundant branches and vines are removed; 5-6 fruits are left on each secondary vine, and topping and pinching are performed at the next leaf position of the last fruit-bearing position; when the secondary vine has no fruit or inflorescence at 60-80cm, the second node at the base is cut back to form a new secondary fruiting vine for management;

[0050] S6. Carry out on-site fertilizer and water management. After the plants are planted and survive, use a 30:10:10 water-soluble fertilizer for topdressing and seedling promotion. After the vines are put on the shelves, control the water and fertilizer. Apply fertilizer to promote flowering during the flowering period. Apply high-potassium compound fertilizer during the fruiting period. Dig holes 20-30 cm away from the plants to bury fertilizers. Apply 0.1 kg of compound fertilizer per plant, and topdress once every 10-15 days. During the planting process, supplement micro-fertilizers such as boron, zinc, and calcium according to the growth of the plants, and combine fertilizer and water management to replenish water for the plants;

[0051] S7. Carry out integrated pest control and harvest at maturity. In the early stage of viral disease, spray chlorpyrifos, guanidine, amino oligosaccharides and other drugs in combination with amino acid water-soluble fertilizer for prevention and control. Control once every 7-10 days, and control 2-3 times in a row. In the early stage of epidemic disease, use 68% mancozeb, 80% oxadiazine, 75% chlorothalonil and other drugs for comprehensive prevention and control. Control once every 7-10 days, and control 2-3 times in a row. At the same time, remove diseased plants and leaves in the field. The fruit enters the maturity stage 60 to 90 days after flowering. Harvest when the fruit turns purple and red and has a slight fragrance. Harvest at maturity. After harvesting, it should be put on the market and cold stored in time. Immature fruit should not be harvested. The harvest time of off-season passion fruit is February to May. When it blooms in early February, The harvest starts at the end of May and ends at the end of May. After June, Dehong enters the rainy season, the fruit yield rate decreases, and the fruits are not easy to store after harvesting; the diseases include viral diseases and blight, and the insect pests in step S7 include thrips, aphids and red spiders. The pest control includes the following specific steps: hanging yellow and blue boards to control thrips and aphids during the field management period, spraying 20% ​​high-efficiency chlorflucythrinate, 70% pyramidoxime or 35% thiamethoxam for comprehensive control at the initial stage of the insect pest outbreak, controlling once every 7-10 days, and controlling 2-3 times continuously; at the initial stage of the red spider outbreak, 25% abamectin, 43% bifenazate, 45% biphenyl·ethoxazole, and 73% cypermethrin are selected for comprehensive control, controlling once every 7-10 days, and controlling 2-3 times continuously.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, this specific implementation adopts the following technical scheme, passion fruit off-season high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology and method:

[0054] In 2021, this method was used for off-season passion fruit planting in Zhagao Village, Zhafang Town, Mangshi City. The trial planting area was 20 mu. Planting was carried out on September 15, with a row spacing of 1.2 meters, a plant spacing of 1.5 meters, double-row cultivation, 2 seedlings planted in each hole, and a planting density of 700 plants / mu. The initial flowering began in mid-December, and harvesting began in mid-February of the following year, and the harvesting ended at the end of May. The actual yield per mu was 2,380 kg. The passion fruit planted in the same area using the original method (single row, single plant, curtain-style off-frame) had a yield of about 1,575 kg per mu. According to rough statistics, the use of this method can increase the yield by 805 kg per mu, and the benefits of increased production and income are obvious.

[0055] Specifically: When the present invention is implemented, it is suitable for areas that meet specific climatic conditions, including temperature and light requirements. Areas like Dehong are suitable for implementing this method. Planting is carried out in July-September when there is no frost in winter, and the altitude is between 700-1200 meters. Various preparations before planting are carried out, including soil treatment, determining the cultivation method, digging the planting hole size, applying sufficient base fertilizer, covering the ground film and laying drip irrigation. When soil treatment is carried out, the width of the soil surface is 2 meters, the height of the soil surface is 0.35 meters, the width of the ditch is 0.4 meters, the cultivation method is double-row cultivation, the row spacing is 1.2 meters, the plant spacing is 1.5 meters, and each hole is 1 meter wide. Plant 2 seedlings and dig planting holes with a size of 50cm×50cm×50cm; the actual operation of applying sufficient base fertilizer includes the following steps: apply 3kg of organic fertilizer, 0.2kg of compound fertilizer (15:15:15), and 0.2kg of superphosphate to each hole, mix them evenly and fill them into the base of the planting hole, so that the hole soil is 15-20 cm below the ground surface, and then backfill a layer of heart soil to make the planting hole below the ground surface; when covering the ground film, use a 2.4-meter-wide silver-black reflective film for covering, with the silver side facing up and the black side facing inwards, and compact the surrounding soil when covering the film; when laying drip irrigation, it is necessary to lay In the center of the soil moisture surface, a water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation system is formed on the ground film with branch pipes, capillary tubes, and drippers, and water and fertilizer are supplemented according to soil conditions; a planting frame is set up, and the seedlings are planted symmetrically with a spacing of 1.5 meters between plants and 1.2 meters between rows. Two seedlings are planted in each hole, and the frame is set up in a curtain-type frame manner. A column is erected every 3 meters, and the column is perpendicular to the ground. A double row of curtain-type frames is set up along the planting line, and the wire is pulled according to the planting method; after planting, sufficient rooting water is poured, and the planting is carried out on cloudy days or sunny days after rain. The frame material is one or more of wooden columns, bamboo columns, and cement columns. The double columns in step S3 The height of the vertical curtain rack is 1.8m-2.0m; when pulling the wire according to the planting method, the main wire is fixed in the center of the column, and the columns are connected in series with plastic steel wire; remove the axillary buds and lead vines. After the fixed value survives, remove the axillary buds and leave the main vine top buds. When the plant grows to 35cm, lead the vines to the rack, use cotton thread or bamboo as climbing materials, lead the vines to the rack, and tie the main vines to the lead vine wire to make the plant climb up the rack; top the main vine and manage the secondary vines. After the main vine climbs up the rack, the two main vines in the planting hole are divided into two directions, one left and one right, and let them grow along the plastic steel wire. When the main vine grows to 1.The main vines are topped when they are 5 meters tall, and the secondary vines are managed after the main vines are topped. The management of the secondary vines includes the following specific steps: after the main vines are topped, the side buds sprouting on the main vines are cultivated into secondary vines and used as the main branches and vines for fruiting. Each main vine is cultivated with 8-12 secondary fruiting vines; the secondary vines hang down from the trellis to the ground, forming a curtain-like growth pattern. Only one secondary vine is retained at the same leaf position, and the redundant branches and vines are removed; 5-6 fruits are left on each secondary vine, and the last fruit-bearing position is below. Topping and pinching of the first leaf node; when the secondary vine is 60-80cm without fruit or inflorescence, the second node at the base is cut back to form a new secondary fruiting vine for management; on-site fertilizer and water management, after planting and survival, topdressing with 30:10:10 water-soluble fertilizer to promote seedlings, control water and fertilizer after the vine is put on the shelf, add flower-promoting fertilizer during the flowering period, topdressing with high-potassium compound fertilizer during the fruiting period, dig holes 20-30cm away from the plant to bury fertilizer, and apply compound fertilizer 0.1kg, topdressing once every 10-15 days. During the planting process, according to the growth of the plants, supplement the trace elements boron, zinc, calcium and other micro-fertilizers, combine fertilizer and water management to replenish the plants; carry out comprehensive disease and insect pest control and mature harvest processing. In the early stage of viral disease, spray fluorophos, morpholine guanidine, amino oligosaccharides and other drugs in combination with amino acid water-soluble fertilizers for prevention and control. Prevention and control once every 7-10 days, and prevention and control 2-3 times in a row. In the early stage of blight, comprehensive prevention and control is carried out through 68% mancozeb, 80% oxadiazine, 75% chlorothalonil and other drugs. Prevention and control once every 7-10 days, and prevention and control 2 times in a row. -3 times, while removing diseased plants and diseased leaves in the field; the fruit enters the maturity period 60 to 90 days after flowering, and is harvested when the fruit turns purple and red and has a slight fragrance, and is harvested for maturity. After harvesting, it should be put on the market and cold stored in time. Immature fruits should not be harvested. The harvesting time of off-season passion fruit is from February to May, and it starts to be harvested and put on the market in early February and ends at the end of May. After June, Dehong enters the rainy season, and the fruit rate decreases. After harvesting, the fruit is not easy to store; diseases include viral diseases and blight, and the pests in step S7 include thrips, aphids and red spiders. The following specific steps are included in the pest control: field management During the period of the outbreak, yellow and blue boards are hung to control thrips and aphids. At the initial stage of the outbreak of insect pests, 20% highly effective chlorflucythrinate, 70% pyrimidine or 35% thiamethoxam are sprayed for comprehensive control, and the control is carried out once every 7-10 days, and the control is carried out continuously for 2-3 times; at the initial stage of the outbreak of red spider mites, 25% avermitroximate, 43% bifenazate, 45% biphenyl·etoxazole and 73% cypermethrin are selected for comprehensive control, and the control is carried out once every 7-10 days, and the control is carried out continuously for 2-3 times. The present invention sequentially selects suitable areas and planting seasons, various preparations before planting, planting scaffolding treatment, axillary bud removal and vine leading treatment, main vine topping and secondary The passion fruit cultivation process is carried out through vine management, on-site fertilizer and water management, integrated pest and disease control, and mature harvesting, so that the passion fruit seedlings can be better cultivated and grown in the initial stage of cultivation. Through the planning of reasonable cultivation methods, unified cultivation can effectively solve the various pest and disease problems faced during cultivation. By changing the cultivation method from traditional single-row cultivation to double-row cultivation, and from single seedlings per hole to double seedlings, the planting density is increased by changing the planting method, and the total yield per unit area is increased, thereby improving the overall comprehensive benefits, so that passion fruit can be better cultivated in off-season and meet the needs of production and planting. .

[0056] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. Passion fruit off-season high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology and method, characterized in that, The specific steps include: S1. Choose suitable areas and planting seasons, choose to plant in July-September when there is no frost in winter, and the area with an altitude between 700-1200 meters; S2. Make preparations before planting: Including soil moisture treatment; Determine the planting method, including determining the cultivation method, changing the cultivation method from traditional single-row cultivation to double-row cultivation, and changing from planting single seedlings in each hole to planting double seedlings; Apply sufficient base fertilizer; Covering with mulch film; Laying drip irrigation treatment; S3, carry out planting trellis treatment, symmetrical planting with a spacing of 1.5 meters between plants and 1.2 meters between rows, plant 2 seedlings in each hole, and build trellises in a curtain-type off-trellis manner, erect a column every 3 meters, the column is perpendicular to the ground, and a double row of curtain-type off-trellises is set up along the planting line, and the wire is pulled according to the planting method; S4, remove axillary buds and lead vines. After the plant has survived, remove the axillary buds and leave the main vine terminal buds. When the plant grows to 35 cm, lead the vines to the trellis. Use cotton thread or bamboo as climbing material to lead the vines to the trellis, and tie the main vine to the lead vine line to make the plant climb up the trellis. S5. Topping the main vine and managing the secondary vines. After the main vine climbs up the trellis, the two main vines in the planting hole are divided into two directions, one on the left and one on the right, and allowed to grow along the plastic steel wire. When the main vine grows to 1.5 meters, topping is performed, and secondary vine management is performed after topping the main vine; S6. Carry out on-site fertilizer and water management. After the plants are planted and survive, use a 30:10:10 water-soluble fertilizer for topdressing and seedling promotion. After the vines are put on the shelves, control the water and fertilizer. Apply fertilizer to promote flowering during the flowering period. Apply high-potassium compound fertilizer during the fruiting period. Dig holes 20-30 cm away from the plants to bury fertilizers. Apply 0.1 kg of compound fertilizer per plant, and apply topdressing every 10-15 days. During the planting process, supplement micro-fertilizers such as boron, zinc, and calcium according to the growth of the plants; S7. Carry out integrated pest and disease control and harvest at maturity.

2. The off-season high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology and method of passion fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the soil moisture treatment in step S2, the soil moisture surface width is 2 meters, the soil moisture height is 0.35 meters, and the ditch width is 0.4 meters. When determining the planting method in step S2, the size of the planting hole needs to be determined, and the size specification of the planting hole is 50cm×50cm×50cm.

3. The off-season high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology and method of passion fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: Applying sufficient base fertilizer in step S2 comprises the following steps in actual operation: Apply 3kg of organic fertilizer, 0.2kg of compound fertilizer (15:15:15), and 0.2kg of superphosphate to each hole, mix them evenly and fill them into the base of the planting hole so that the hole soil is 15-20 cm below the ground surface, then backfill with a layer of heart soil so that the planting hole is below the ground surface.

4. The off-season high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology and method of passion fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, a 2.4-meter-wide silver-black reflective film is used for covering the ground film, with the silver side facing upward and the black side facing inward, and the surrounding areas are compacted with soil.

5. The off-season high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology and method of passion fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: When laying drip irrigation in step S2, it needs to be laid in the center of the soil surface, and a water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation system is formed on the ground film with branch pipes, capillary tubes, and drippers to replenish water and fertilizer according to soil conditions.

6. The off-season high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology and method of passion fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S3, sufficient water is poured after planting, and the planting is carried out on a cloudy day or a sunny day after rain. The scaffolding material in the step S3 is one or more of wooden columns, bamboo columns, and cement columns. The height of the double-row curtain-type scaffolding in the step S3 is 1.8m-2.0m.

7. The off-season high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology and method of passion fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, when the wire is pulled according to the planting method, the main wire is fixed at the center of the column, and the columns are connected in series with plastic steel wire.

8. The off-season high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology and method of passion fruit according to claim 1, is characterized in that, The secondary vine management in step S5 includes the following specific steps: S401. After the main vine is toppled, the lateral buds that sprout from the main vine are cultivated into secondary vines and used as the main branches for fruiting. Each main vine is cultivated into 8-12 secondary fruiting vines; S402, the secondary vines hang down from the trellis to the ground, forming a curtain-like growth pattern. Only one secondary vine is retained at the same leaf position, and the redundant branches are removed; S403, leave 5-6 fruits on each secondary vine, and top and pinch the leaves at the next node of the last fruit-bearing position; S404. When the secondary vine has no fruit or inflorescence at 60-80cm, cut back the second node at the base to form a new secondary fruiting vine for management.

9. The off-season high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology and method of passion fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S7, during the integrated pest control and mature harvesting, drugs such as chloranil, morpholine guanidine, amino oligosaccharides and the like are sprayed in combination with amino acid water-soluble fertilizers for prevention and control, and prevention and control are carried out once every 7-10 days, and prevention and control are continuously carried out 2-3 times. In the early stage of the disease, integrated prevention and control is carried out by drugs such as 68% carbendazim·mancozeb, 80% methacryloylmorph, and 75% thiophanate-methyl, and prevention and control are carried out once every 7-10 days, and prevention and control are continuously carried out 2-3 times. At the same time, diseased plants and leaves in the field are removed, and the fruits are harvested when they turn purple and red and have a slight fragrance. The diseases in the step S7 include viral diseases and blight, and the pests in the step S7 include thrips, aphids and red spiders.

10. The off-season high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology and method of passion fruit according to claim 9, characterized in that: The S7 includes the following specific steps when performing pest control: S701. During the field management period, hang yellow and blue boards to control thrips and aphids. At the beginning of the pest outbreak, spray 20% highly effective cyhalothrin, 70% pyraclostrobin or 35% thiamethoxam for comprehensive control. Control once every 7-10 days, and control 2-3 times in succession; S702. In the early stage of the red spider outbreak, use 25% avermitron, 43% bifenazate, 45% biphenyl-etoxazole, and 73% chlorfenapyr for comprehensive prevention and control. Control once every 7-10 days, and continue for 2-3 times.

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