Design method and application system of next-generation Internet of Things system architecture

Abstract

The invention discloses a next-generation Internet of Things system architecture design method and an application system. The application system comprises a multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network method and a multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network system. The multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network integrates various communication networks such as LTE (Long Term Evolution), WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) and IoT (Internet of Things) networks, and is configured to be capable of dynamically switching among the various communication networks according to communication requirements, so that the data transmission unit and the base station communicate through the selected communication network, and the communication requirements of different terminal devices are met at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of communications and Internet of Things, and in particular to a multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network and method. Background Art

[0002] With the vigorous development of the Internet of Things (IoT), the types of terminal devices connected to it are becoming more and more diverse, such as vehicles, ships, airplanes, satellites, smart home products, meteorological devices, environmental protection devices, sensors, fire-fighting devices, cell phones, medical instruments, etc.

[0003] At the same time, different types of terminal devices have different communication requirements for IoT networks, such as delay time, data dimension (2D, 3D, etc.), power consumption, etc. However, the traditional IoT network cannot meet the communication requirements of these different terminal devices at the same time. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a next-generation Internet of Things architecture design method and application system including a multimode heterogeneous wireless network (MHWN) and method, aiming to solve the technical problem that traditional IoT networks are difficult to meet the communication requirements of various types of terminals.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network, which includes an access network and a core network. The access network includes a base station and a data transmission unit (Data Transfer Unit). The base station is used to connect the core network with the data transmission unit, the data transmission unit is used to connect the base station with a terminal, and the core network is used to connect with the cloud. The network integrates multiple communication networks, and the data transmission unit and the base station can communicate through one or more of the multiple communication networks. The network is configured to dynamically select and switch between the multiple communication networks according to communication requirements, so that the data transmission unit and the base station communicate through the selected communication network.

[0006] The multiple communication networks include broadband networks and narrowband networks, the broadband networks include public mobile communication networks and / or wireless local area networks, the public mobile communication networks include at least one of 3G, 4G, 5G and even 6G networks, the wireless local area networks include WiFi networks, and the narrowband networks include at least one of NB-IoT (NarrowBand Internet of Things) networks, LTE-M (LTE-Machine to Machine) networks, and LoRa (Long Range Radio) networks. It should be understood that the multiple networks mentioned here are only examples and do not constitute a limitation.

[0007] In a feasible implementation, the terminal is used to send data to a corresponding data transmission unit; the data transmission unit is used to obtain the data of the terminal, transmit the data through at least one of the multiple communication networks, and upload the data of the terminal to the corresponding base station; the base station is used to upload the data of the terminal to the cloud through the core network; the cloud is used to analyze and process the data of the terminal, and / or return the processed data and / or instructions to the terminal through at least one of the multiple communication networks.

[0008] In a feasible implementation, the cloud performs data analysis and processing on the terminal data, including: performing 2D data analysis and processing according to application requirements and / or user requests; and / or, performing 3D data analysis and processing based on 2D data analysis, including performing 3D VR modeling and performing VR dynamic interaction with users; and / or, performing data modeling based on the terminal data, the data modeling including 2D modeling and / or 3D modeling based on VR (Virtual Reality) technology.

[0009] In a feasible implementation, the cloud is also used to send downlink instructions to the terminal through the multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network, and the downlink instructions are used to correct the sensor, and / or adjust the analysis granularity, and / or upgrade the firmware.

[0010] In one feasible implementation, the network also includes an edge computing unit for locally processing signals and / or data from the terminal, and returning the processing results to the terminal and / or the cloud in real time and / or dynamically; the edge computing unit is integrated in the terminal and / or the data transmission unit, or is configured in a distributed manner in the terminal and / or the data transmission unit.

[0011] In a feasible implementation, the terminal includes a sensor, one or more sensors can be integrated into one of the data transmission units, and an edge computing unit is deployed on the data transmission unit integrated with the sensor. The edge computing unit is used to perform edge computing based on the data collected by the one or more sensors, and the result of the edge computing is used to trigger the data transmission unit to perform corresponding operations.

[0012] In a feasible implementation, in a fire-fighting scenario, the sensor includes a smoke sensor and a temperature sensor, and the edge computing unit is used to comprehensively consider the smoke concentration detected by the smoke sensor and the temperature detected by the temperature sensor when performing fire alarm decision calculations. When the smoke concentration exceeds the concentration threshold and the temperature exceeds the temperature threshold, the edge computing unit issues an alarm indication, triggering the data transmission unit to perform an alarm operation.

[0013] In a feasible implementation, the sensors can be deployed on various floors of a building, and the environmental data detected by multiple sensors on the same floor are transmitted to a data transmission unit or the cloud. When a fire occurs, the environmental data is used by the data transmission unit or the cloud to calculate the fire trend and predict the escape route. The environmental data includes smoke concentration and / or temperature.

[0014] In a feasible implementation, the environmental data detected by the sensor further includes a unit increment of each sensor detection data, and the unit increment includes a temperature increase value within a unit time and / or a smoke concentration increase value within a unit time.

[0015] In a feasible implementation, the edge computing unit is also used to calculate the correlation between at least two types of data from different terminals when performing local processing, and the processing result reflects the correlation.

[0016] In a feasible implementation, the network also includes a fog computing unit, which is used to provide dynamic, real-time signals and / or instructions and / or data to the corresponding terminals; the fog computing unit is deployed in the terminal, data transmission unit, base station, core network or cloud.

[0017] In a feasible implementation, when the network is applied to the Internet of Things, the terminal includes a sensing device, and the sensing device includes a sensor and / or an actuator; the base station is a gateway or the base station is integrated with a gateway, and the gateway includes a public mobile communication network gateway and / or a wireless local area network gateway and / or a narrowband network gateway; the data transmission unit and the terminal are independent of each other, or the data transmission unit and the terminal are integrated into one; the data transmission unit includes a communication module and a processing module.

[0018] In a feasible implementation, the gateway is a dual-mode gateway that integrates broadband and narrowband, and multiple gateways are configured into a mesh network, and the narrowband network implements a mesh network based on blockchain technology between multiple gateways; the key used to encrypt communication data is configured to be generated by the mesh network based on blockchain technology; the user-side data of the terminal is configured as follows: it is divided into two parts of data after dispersion, blocking, and shaping, wherein the part with low data volume is transmitted through a narrowband network, and the part with high data volume is transmitted through a broadband network, and the two parts of data are reconstructed and aggregated in the cloud to restore them to the original data.

[0019] In a feasible implementation, the data transmission unit is further used to request and obtain a key for encrypting communication data from the mesh network; and encrypt the data of the terminal according to the key returned by the mesh network.

[0020] In a feasible implementation, the data transmission unit encrypts the terminal data by performing a hash operation on at least two types of data from different terminals, encrypting the data through the hash operation, and calculating the association between the at least two types of data.

[0021] In a feasible implementation method, the data transmission unit is also used to: disperse and block the user-side data of the terminal, and reshape it into two parts of data; transmit the part with low data volume through a narrowband network, and transmit the part with high data volume through a broadband network, so that the two parts of data are transmitted to the base station through two independent channels, and reach the cloud through the base station, so that the two parts of data can be reconstructed and aggregated in the cloud and restored to the original data.

[0022] The second aspect of the present invention provides an enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast system system, which is based on the multi-mode heterogeneous wireless MHWN network as mentioned above. The system configures multiple MHWN networks into an enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast system service area. The MHWN network within an enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast system service area is configured with a point-to-multipoint wireless resource, and multiple user equipment UEs registered to the enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast system service area can receive the same transmission signal at the same time.

[0023] The third aspect of the present invention provides an MBSFN system, which is based on the multi-mode heterogeneous wireless MHWN network as described above. The system configures multiple MHWN networks into an MBSFN area, and multiple or all MHWN networks in an MBSFN area are configured to transmit the same information. User equipment UE in the MBSFN area can synchronously receive the same information transmitted through multiple paths of multiple MHWN networks.

[0024] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a method for applying to a multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network, the network comprising an access network and a core network, the access network comprising a base station and a data transmission unit, the data transmission unit, the base station is used to connect the core network and the data transmission unit, the data transmission unit is used to connect the base station and the terminal, and the core network is used to connect to the cloud; the network integrates multiple communication networks, the data transmission unit and the base station can communicate through one or more of the multiple communication networks; the network is configured to dynamically select and switch between the multiple communication networks according to communication requirements, so that the data transmission unit and the base station communicate through the selected communication network; the multiple communication networks include broadband networks and narrowband networks The broadband network includes a public mobile communication network and / or a wireless local area network, the public mobile communication network includes at least one of 3G, 4G and 5G networks, the wireless local area network includes a WiFi network, and the narrowband network includes at least one of an NB-IoT network, an LTE-M network, and a LoRa network; wherein the base station is a gateway or the base station is integrated with a gateway, the gateway includes a public mobile communication network gateway and / or a wireless local area network gateway and / or a narrowband network gateway; and the gateway is a dual-mode gateway that integrates broadband and narrowband, and multiple gateways are configured into a mesh network, and the narrowband network implements a mesh network based on blockchain technology between multiple gateways;

[0025] The method includes:

[0026] The data transmission unit obtains the terminal data, transmits the data through at least one of the multiple communication networks, and uploads the terminal data to the corresponding base station; the base station uploads the terminal data to the cloud through the core network, and the terminal data is further analyzed and processed in the cloud.

[0027] In a feasible implementation, before the data transmission unit uploads the terminal data to the corresponding base station, it also includes: the data transmission unit requests and obtains a key for encrypting communication data from the mesh network, and the key is configured to be generated by the mesh network based on blockchain technology; the terminal data is encrypted according to the key returned by the mesh network, and the encrypted data is uploaded to the corresponding base station by the data transmission unit.

[0028] In a feasible implementation, the data transmission unit encrypts the terminal data by performing a hash operation on at least two types of data from different terminals, encrypting the data through the hash operation, and calculating the association between the at least two types of data.

[0029] In a feasible implementation method, the data transmission unit uploads the terminal data to the corresponding base station, including: the data transmission unit disperses and blocks the user plane data of the terminal, and shapes it into two parts of data; the part with low data volume is transmitted through a narrowband network, and the part with high data volume is transmitted through a broadband network, so that the two parts of data are transmitted to the base station through two independent channels, and reach the cloud through the base station, so that the two parts of data can be reconstructed and aggregated in the cloud and restored to the original data.

[0030] A fifth aspect of the present invention provides a data transmission unit (data transmission unit), comprising a communication module and a processing module connected to the communication module; the communication module comprises a microcontroller, and a baseband chip and at least two transceivers connected to the microcontroller, the at least two transceivers being selected from a Bluetooth transceiver, a ZigBee transceiver, a Z-wave transceiver, a WiFi transceiver and a Wpan transceiver; an edge computing unit and / or a fog computing unit runs in the processing module.

[0031] The sixth aspect of the present invention provides a terminal, in which the data transmission unit as described in the fifth aspect of the present invention is integrated. Optionally, the terminal also integrates a sensor connected to the data transmission unit. Optionally, the terminal also includes a housing, a display screen and control buttons installed on the housing, a PCB substrate installed in the housing, the data transmission unit is installed on the PCB substrate, the PCB substrate is also connected to a power module, and the display screen and control buttons are respectively connected to the PCB substrate. Optionally, the terminal is a mobile phone, a handheld terminal, a sensor, a bracelet, etc.

[0032] A seventh aspect of the present invention provides a base station, in which a plurality of gateways are integrated, wherein the plurality of gateways include a public mobile communication network gateway and / or a wireless local area network gateway and / or a narrowband network gateway.

[0033] An eighth aspect of the present invention provides a network system, comprising the data transmission unit as described in the fifth aspect above, and the base station as described in the seventh aspect, wherein the data transmission unit and the base station are wirelessly connected.

[0034] As described above, the present invention provides a multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network, an enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast system and an MBSFN system based on the network, and a method applied to the network. It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the technical solutions of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0035] The MHWN network can use software-defined radio or similar technologies to integrate multiple communication networks such as LTE, WiFi and IoT networks, and can use network function virtualization core network units or other similar network elements for configuration and / or control, so that the MHWN network can dynamically switch between multiple communication networks according to the different communication requirements of different terminals, thereby meeting the communication requirements of these different terminal devices at the same time.

[0036] In particular, the MHWN network includes an edge computing unit deployed in a data transmission unit or other network elements. The edge computing unit is used to perform edge computing and decision-making based on data from multiple sensors. The calculation and decision-making can consider the correlation between multiple data detected by multiple sensors, and make comprehensive decisions based on the correlation to obtain better decision results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments and the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 is an architecture diagram of a multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network including an edge computing unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 is an architecture diagram of a multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network including a fog computing unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 It is an architecture diagram of a multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network that introduces a data analysis technology provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 It is an architecture diagram of a multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network that introduces data modeling technology provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 It is an architecture diagram of a multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network that introduces virtual reality technology provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of some applications of a multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 8It is a schematic diagram of the architecture of an enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast system based on a multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the architecture of an MBSFN system based on a multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the development trend of broadband and narrowband;

[0048] Fig.11 and Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the encryption process of the 4G / LTE network;

[0049] Fig.13 and Fig.14 This is a schematic diagram of the encryption process of the WiFi network;

[0050] Fig.15 This is a schematic diagram of the encryption process of IoT;

[0051] Fig.16 It is a schematic diagram of a more secure network based on the fusion of broadband and narrowband and blockchain architecture;

[0052] Fig.17 It is a schematic diagram of the key management process;

[0053] Fig.18 It is a schematic diagram of the flow of user plane data of a terminal;

[0054] Fig.19 It is a schematic diagram of the network architecture used in the power industry;

[0055] Fig. 20 is a flow chart of a method applied to a multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Fig.21 It is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a wireless multi-mode heterogeneous Internet of Things in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Fig. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a data transmission unit in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Fig.23 It is a schematic diagram of a terminal accessing a low-power wireless multi-mode heterogeneous Internet of Things;

[0059] Fig.24 It is a schematic diagram of the integrated structure of LPWAN and 5G network;

[0060] Fig.25 It is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of the wireless multi-mode heterogeneous Internet of Things system;

[0061] Fig.26 It is a schematic diagram of the network architecture of wireless multi-mode heterogeneous Internet of Things applied to smart transportation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] The terms "first", "second", "third", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but optionally includes steps or units that are not listed, or optionally includes other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0064] The following describes the embodiments in detail.

[0065] [Example 1]

[0066] Please refer to Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a multimode heterogeneous wireless network (MHWN). The MHWN network of the present invention is a multimode heterogeneous network. A multimode heterogeneous network is a network containing multiple types of nodes and multiple types of relationships. It integrates different types of overlapping networks to meet the service diversity requirements of future terminals.

[0067] The MHWN network includes an access network and a core network. The access network includes a base station and a data transmission unit (data transmission unit). The base station is used to connect the core network and the data transmission unit, and the data transmission unit is used to connect the base station and the terminal. The core network is a heterogeneous core network that can be used to communicate with the cloud. Among them, the base station can be a multi-mode wireless base station.

[0068] The core network of the MHWN network can be configured and / or controlled by a network function virtualization unit, and NFV is the underlying platform architecture of the core network. The access network of the MHWN network can use software-defined radio technology to integrate multiple communication networks, and the data transmission unit and the base station can communicate through one or more of the multiple communication networks. The software module that implements the SDR function can run on a general hardware platform such as a base station in the MHWN network.

[0069] The MHWN network is configured to dynamically select and switch between the multiple communication networks according to dynamic and differentiated requirements of communication or services, so that the data transmission unit and the base station can communicate intelligently through the selected communication network.

[0070] Among them, the multiple communication networks include broadband networks and narrowband networks, the broadband network includes a public mobile communication network and / or a wireless local area network, the public mobile communication network includes but is not limited to at least one of 3G, 4G and 5G networks, the wireless local area network includes but is not limited to a WiFi network, and the narrowband network includes but is not limited to at least one of NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) network, LTE-M (LTE-Machine to Machine) network, and LoRa (Long Range Radio) network.

[0071] The MHWN network of the present invention includes a data transmission unit located between a base station and a terminal, and the data transmission unit can play a role in connecting different networks. Since the data transmission unit supports multiple networks, it can communicate with a multi-mode wireless base station through one or more of multiple communication networks, and it can also communicate with the terminal through the communication method supported by the terminal, thereby realizing network connection between different types of terminals and different types of base stations.

[0072] Among them, when the network is applied to the Internet of Things, the terminal may include a sensing device, and the sensing device may include a sensor and / or an actuator; the cloud may be an application cloud; the base station may be a gateway or a base station integrated with a gateway, and the gateway may include a public mobile communication network gateway and / or a wireless local area network gateway and / or a narrowband network gateway; the data transmission unit and the terminal are independent of each other, or the data transmission unit is integrated in the terminal; the data transmission unit includes a communication module and a processing module.

[0073] Among them, from a broader application field, the terminals include but are not limited to vehicles, ships, airplanes, satellites, smart home products, meteorological devices, environmental protection devices, sensors, fire-fighting devices, cell phones, medical instruments, etc.

[0074] The data transmission method in this network is as follows:

[0075] (1) The terminal sends its own data to the data transmission unit through its connection with the data transmission unit (for example, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Z-wave, WiFi, Wpan, etc.); this document does not limit the connection method between the terminal and the data transmission unit.

[0076] (2) The data transmission unit transmits the terminal data through the MHWN network, wherein the MHWN network, under the control of the NFV network unit, can choose to transmit the data through a variety of different communication networks such as LTE, WiFi and IoT, wherein NFV can realize intelligent selection of network backhaul based on a variety of options, not limited to the coverage or capacity of the optional network, but also including scheduling based on upper-layer service requests or data service characteristics. For example, the data from the sensor obtained by the data transmission unit can be transmitted through the IoT network; the video data from the video surveillance device obtained by the data transmission unit can be transmitted through the LTE or WiFi network; etc. The NFV core network unit and the MHWN network can be connected by wire or wireless, wherein the LTE can be replaced by 5G or higher communication standards, wherein IOT can include LoRa (LoRaWAN), NB-IoT, etc.

[0077] (3) Under the control of the NFV core network unit, the MHWN network transmits the terminal data obtained from the data transmission unit to the cloud, such as the application cloud.

[0078] (4) At the application cloud, the received data can be analyzed and processed based on machine learning (ML) algorithms, such as deep learning, SVM, decision tree, K-means, logistic regression, etc., and / or by introducing expert systems, neural networks, etc., including, for example, 2D data analysis.

[0079] (5) According to specific application requirements and / or user requests, the application cloud can also perform 3D VR modeling on 2D data, and then perform VR dynamic interaction with user equipment (UE) and / or terminals, including but not limited to desktops, laptops or handheld personal computers, servers, workstations, game consoles and / or embedded systems. UE can communicate with the cloud via the Internet.

[0080] (6) The application cloud returns the processed data, instructions (e.g., in 2D and / or 3D form), etc. to the data transmission unit through the MHWN network, and then, under the control of the NFV core network unit, selects at least one of a variety of different communication networks such as LTE, WiFi, and IOT to transmit the data, and then returns it to each terminal.

[0081] It can be seen that in some embodiments of the present invention,

[0082] The terminal is used to send data to a corresponding data transmission unit;

[0083] The data transmission unit is used to obtain the data of the terminal, select the corresponding air interface protocol under the control of the NFV unit, perform data transmission through at least one of the multiple communication networks, and upload the data of the terminal to the corresponding base station;

[0084] The base station is used to upload the terminal data to the cloud under the control of the NFV unit;

[0085] The cloud is used to analyze and process the data of the terminal, and / or return the processed data and / or instructions to the terminal via at least one of the multiple communication networks.

[0086] Furthermore, the cloud performs data analysis and processing on the terminal data, which may include: performing 2D data analysis and processing according to application requirements and / or user requests; and / or performing 3D data analysis and processing based on 2D data analysis, including performing 3D VR modeling and performing VR dynamic interaction with users; and / or performing data modeling based on the terminal data, wherein the data modeling includes 2D modeling and / or 3D modeling based on virtual reality VR technology.

[0087] Furthermore, the cloud can also be used to send downlink instructions to the terminal through the multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network, and the downlink instructions are used to correct the sensor, and / or adjust the analysis granularity, and / or upgrade the firmware.

[0088] Please refer to Figure 2In some embodiments of the present invention, the MHWN network further includes an edge computing unit, which is used to locally process signals and / or data from the terminal and return the processing results to the terminal and / or the cloud in real time and / or dynamically. Optionally, the edge computing unit is integrated in the terminal and / or the data transmission unit, or is configured in a distributed manner in the terminal and / or the data transmission unit.

[0089] In some application areas, terminal devices sometimes have high real-time requirements, such as fire alarm equipment, which need to obtain feedback signals and / or instructions in real time to trigger corresponding actuators to operate.

[0090] To this end, the MHWN network of the present application introduces edge computing technology, so that it is capable of providing dynamic, real-time signals and / or instructions and / or data to corresponding terminal devices.

[0091] The principle block diagram of edge computing is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, its characteristics are as follows:

[0092] (1) Introduce edge computing units into data transmission units.

[0093] (2) The edge computing unit locally processes the signals and / or data from the terminal device and returns the results to the terminal device in real time and / or dynamically.

[0094] (3) The edge computing unit may also be integrated into the terminal device, and / or integrated into both the terminal device and the data transmission unit. The edge computing unit may also be configured in a distributed manner.

[0095] (4) The cloud, namely the application cloud, can access the historical data of the edge computing unit.

[0096] (5) Edge computing may include: computing offload, data caching / storage, data processing, request distribution, service delivery, IoT management and privacy protection, etc.

[0097] (6) In some embodiments, the edge computing unit is further used to calculate the correlation between at least two types of data from different terminals when performing local processing, and the processing result reflects the correlation.

[0098] It should be noted that edge computing refers to the use of an open platform that integrates network, computing, storage, and application core capabilities to provide the nearest service on the side close to the source of objects or data. Its application is initiated on the edge side, resulting in faster network service response, meeting the basic needs of the industry in terms of real-time business, application intelligence, security and privacy protection. Edge computing is between physical entities and industrial connections, or on top of physical entities. Cloud computing can still access historical data of edge computing.

[0099] In one embodiment, one or more sensors are integrated into one of the data transmission units, and an edge computing unit is deployed on the data transmission unit with integrated sensors. The edge computing unit is used to perform edge computing based on the data collected by the one or more sensors, and the result of the edge computing is used to trigger the data transmission unit to perform corresponding operations.

[0100] In one embodiment, the sensor includes a smoke sensor and a temperature sensor, and the edge computing unit is used to comprehensively consider the smoke concentration detected by the smoke sensor and the temperature detected by the temperature sensor when performing fire alarm decision calculations. When the smoke concentration exceeds a concentration threshold and the temperature exceeds a temperature threshold, the edge computing unit issues an alarm indication, triggering the data transmission unit to perform an alarm operation.

[0101] In one embodiment, the sensors can be deployed on various floors of a building, and environmental data detected by multiple sensors on the same floor are transmitted to a data transmission unit or the cloud. When a fire occurs, the environmental data is used by the data transmission unit or the cloud to calculate the fire trend and predict escape routes. The environmental data includes smoke concentration and / or temperature.

[0102] In one embodiment, the environmental data detected by the sensor further includes a unit increment of each sensor detection data, and the unit increment includes a temperature increase value within a unit time and / or a smoke concentration increase value within a unit time.

[0103] Please refer to Figure 3 In some embodiments of the present invention, the MHWN network also includes a fog computing unit, which is used to provide dynamic, real-time signals and / or instructions and / or data to the corresponding terminals; the fog computing unit is deployed in the terminal, data transmission unit, base station, core network or cloud.

[0104] In some application fields, terminal devices sometimes have high real-time requirements, such as fire alarm equipment, which need to obtain feedback signals and / or instructions in real time to trigger corresponding actuators to operate.

[0105] The MHWN network of the present application introduces fog computing technology, thereby being able to provide dynamic, real-time signals and / or instructions and / or data to corresponding terminal devices.

[0106] The block diagram of Fog Computing is as follows Figure 3 As shown, some features include:

[0107] (1) The fog computing unit can be located at any appropriate location between the cloud application cloud and the terminal (such as vehicles, ships, aircraft, satellites, smart home products, meteorological equipment, environmental protection equipment, sensors, fire fighting equipment, mobile phones, medical devices, etc.).

[0108] (2) The deployment location of the fog computing unit can be dynamically selected and / or configured according to the needs of the terminal and / or the cloud.

[0109] (3) Fog computing units can be configured in a distributed manner.

[0110] (4) The connections between fog computing units include wireless and wired connections.

[0111] (5) The fog computing unit covers the edge network, but also covers access between the edge and the cloud as well as wearable devices and middle-layer fog computing processing vertical industries beyond mobile / service providers.

[0112] (6) Fog computing units are primarily computation-oriented, but may also include storage and deep packet networks.

[0113] It should be noted that Fog Computing was proposed to meet the needs of low latency, location awareness, mobile support and geographical distribution of network transmission, and to provide computing, storage and network services between terminal devices and traditional cloud computing data centers. These services can be provided by any device between the cloud and objects. Usually but not entirely at the edge of the network.

[0114] The characteristic of fog computing is that a single device with strong processing power receives information from multiple endpoints and sends the processed information back to where it is needed. Compared with cloud computing, it has shorter latency. Compared with edge computing, fog computing is more scalable.

[0115] Fog computing has a more hierarchical and flat architecture, where several layers form a network, while edge computing relies on individual nodes that do not form a network. Fog computing has extensive peer-to-peer interconnection capabilities between nodes, while edge computing runs its nodes in silos and requires peer-to-peer traffic transmission through the cloud.

[0116] Please refer to Figure 4In some embodiments, the MHWN network of the present application also introduces data analysis technology, especially 3D data analysis technology, to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the data, provide visibility, and meet the terminal device's needs for 3D data and / or instructions.

[0117] For specific application scenarios such as medical instruments and airplanes, 2D plane data analysis is often insufficient. For example, the motion trajectory of an airplane is presented in 3D coordinates. If it is presented only in 2D, data loss and / or distortion will occur, which cannot meet the needs of specific terminal devices.

[0118] The block diagram of data analysis is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the following features may be included:

[0119] (1) Under the control of the NFV core network unit, the MHWN network transmits the data obtained from the data transmission unit to the application cloud.

[0120] (2) Application cloud uses machine learning ML to intelligently extract data. The ML technology includes deep learning, SVM, decision tree, K-means, logistic regression and other technologies. Expert system Expert System and neural network technologies can also be introduced simultaneously with the above technologies to intelligently extract and analyze data. The analysis is 2D data analysis.

[0121] (3) Based on 2D data analysis, the application cloud uses virtual reality (VR) technology to perform 3D data analysis on the data, including real-time 3D computer graphics technology, wide-angle (wide field of view) stereo display technology, tracking technology for the observer's head, eyes and hands, as well as tactile / force feedback, stereo, network transmission, voice input and output technology, etc.

[0122] (4) Based on the 3D data analysis, users and / or terminals, including but not limited to desktop, laptop or handheld personal computers, servers, workstations, game consoles and / or embedded systems can interact with 3D.

[0123] (5) The application cloud returns the 2D data analysis results, 3D data analysis results, and instructions from users and / or terminals to various devices connected to the MHWN network, such as vehicles, ships, airplanes, satellites, smart home products, meteorological devices, environmental protection devices, sensors, fire-fighting devices, cellphones, medical instruments, etc., using the MHWN network under the control of the NFV core network unit.

[0124] Please refer to Figure 5 The MHWN network of the present application also introduces data modeling technology, especially 3D data modeling technology, to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the data, provide good visibility, and meet the terminal device's needs for 3D data and / or instructions.

[0125] For specific application scenarios such as medical instruments and airplanes, 2D plane data models are often insufficient. For example, the motion trajectory of an airplane is presented in 3D coordinates. If it is presented only in 2D, data loss and / or distortion will result.

[0126] The block diagram of data modeling is as follows Figure 5 As shown, the following features are included:

[0127] (1) Under the control of the NFV core network unit, the MHWN network transmits data obtained from the data transmission unit to users and / or terminals, including but not limited to desktops, laptops or handheld personal computers, servers, workstations, game consoles and / or embedded systems, etc.

[0128] (2) Users and / or terminals use machine learning (ML) to perform 2D modeling on the data. The ML technology includes deep learning, SVM, decision tree, K-means, logistic regression and other technologies. At the same time, technologies such as expert system and neural network can also be introduced to perform intelligent extraction and analysis of data.

[0129] (3) Based on the 2D model, users and / or terminals use virtual reality (VR) technology to perform 3D data modeling on the data, including real-time 3D computer graphics technology, wide-angle (wide field of view) stereo display technology, tracking technology for the observer's head, eyes and hands, as well as tactile / force feedback, stereo, network transmission, voice input and output technology, etc.

[0130] (4) Based on the 3D data model, users and / or terminals, including but not limited to desktops, laptops or handheld personal computers, servers, workstations, game consoles and / or embedded systems, can interact with the 3D.

[0131] (5) The user and / or terminal returns the 2D model data, 3D model data and / or instructions to various devices connected to the MHWN network, such as vehicles, ships, airplanes, satellites, smart home products, meteorological devices, environmental protection devices, sensors, fire-fighting devices, cell phones, medical instruments, etc., using the MHWN network under the control of the NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) core network unit.

[0132] Please refer to Figure 6 The MHWN network of the present application also introduces virtual reality (VR) technology to realize virtual reality interaction (VR Interacting), ensures the accuracy and integrity of the data, provides good immersion, interactivity and / or imagination, and thus meets the terminal device's needs for 3D data and / or instructions.

[0133] For specific application scenarios such as medical instruments and airplanes, 2D plane data is often insufficient. For example, the motion trajectory of an airplane is presented in 3D coordinates. If it is presented only in 2D, data loss and / or distortion will result.

[0134] The block diagram of VR Interacting is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, the following features are included:

[0135] (1) Under the control of the NFV core network unit, the MHWN network transmits data obtained from the data transmission unit to users and / or terminals, including but not limited to desktops, laptops or handheld personal computers, servers, workstations, game consoles and / or embedded systems, etc.

[0136] (2) Users and / or terminals use machine learning (ML) to perform 2D modeling on data. The ML technology includes deep learning, SVM, decision tree, K-means, logistic regression and other technologies. At the same time, technologies such as expert system and neural network can also be introduced to perform intelligent extraction and analysis of data.

[0137] (3) Based on the 2D model, users and / or terminals use virtual reality (VR) technology and combine it with the existing 3D model library to perform 3D data modeling on the data, including real-time 3D computer graphics technology, wide-angle (wide field of view) stereo display technology, tracking technology for the observer's head, eyes and hands, as well as tactile / force feedback, stereo, network transmission, voice input and output technology, etc.

[0138] (4) Based on the 3D model, users and / or terminals, including but not limited to desktops, laptops or handheld personal computers, servers, workstations, game consoles and / or embedded systems, use sensing units and control units to perform VR interaction with the 3D virtual model.

[0139] (5) Users and / or terminals return 2D and / or 3D data and / or instructions to various devices connected to the MHWN network, such as vehicles, ships, airplanes, satellites, smart home products, meteorological devices, environmental protection devices, sensors, fire-fighting devices, cell phones, medical instruments, etc., using the MHWN network under the control of the NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) core network unit.

[0140] Please refer to Figure 7 , are some applications of the MHWN network (The Applications of MHWN) of this application. Figure 7It is a schematic diagram illustrating a multimedia communication control system between different user terminals.

[0141] Please refer to Figure 8 An embodiment of the present invention further provides an enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast system based on the multi-mode heterogeneous wireless MHWN network as described above. The system can configure multiple MHWN networks into an enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast system service area, and the MHWN network in an enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast system service area is configured with a point-to-multipoint wireless resource, and multiple user equipments UE registered to the enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast system service area can simultaneously receive the same transmission signal.

[0142] With the development of mobile Internet, mobile multimedia services are booming. Data shows that mobile data traffic will continue to grow significantly in the next few years, among which multimedia services account for the largest share of network data traffic and are expected to become the most promising service for wireless networks in the future. The development of mobile multimedia services has brought unprecedented pressure and challenges to traditional networks. For 2G / 3G cellular networks that only support unicast, it is difficult to meet the actual needs of wireless-based multimedia live broadcast services.

[0143] To this end, the present application proposes an enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast solution based on the MHWN network, which can successfully realize the broadcast capability of the entire network or multicast area. By utilizing the downlink resources of the MHWN network, high-definition mobile multimedia services (for example, 400kbps) can be provided to hundreds or thousands of users of the MHWN network at the same time. It not only satisfies a large number of users to enjoy high-quality multimedia services with zero waiting, but also saves wireless network bandwidth, and has almost no impact on other users' Internet access. The enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast system of the present application first solves the problems of user traffic restrictions and network speed, and secondly solves the problem of operator network bandwidth optimization.

[0144] The enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast system of this application introduces a content provision platform and a multimedia multicast broadcast gateway in the network architecture, provides operators with a complete set of enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast solutions, introduces a new business model, and helps operators play their role in the entire industrial chain of the mobile communications industry. Therefore, enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast also provides new industry opportunities for operators.

[0145] Some features of the enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast system are as follows:

[0146] (1) In the enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast system, multiple UEs located in a specific area will receive the same content. This specific area is called the enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast system service area (MBMS service area) and is usually composed of multiple MHWN networks. Each MHWN network that joins the enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast system service will be configured with a point-to-multipoint wireless resource, and all users registered for the enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast system service can receive the same transmission signal at the same time.

[0147] (2) Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BMSC) is located at the core of the MHWN network and manages the interface with content providers, including billing and content transmitted through the MHWN network.

[0148] (3) MBMS Gateway (MBMS-GW) is a logical element that delivers MBMS traffic using IP multicast to reach multiple cell sites in one transmission.

[0149] (4) Multi-cell / multicast coordination entity (MCE), responsible for managing the MBMS radio resources of all radios belonging to the MBMS service area.

[0150] (5) Mobility Management Entity (MME), which performs MBMS session control signaling, including session start, update, and stop, and provides additional MBMS information to MCE, such as QoS and MBMS service area.

[0151] (6)e The enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast system provides broadcast multimedia services over the LTE network, combining unicast physical downlink shared channels (PDSCH) and physical multicast channels (PMCH) services in the same LTE frame.

[0152] The enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast system radiates the same content to multiple users located in a predefined enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast system service area, allowing all users subscribing to MBMS to receive the same multimedia content simultaneously. To implement the enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast system, almost all layers from PHY to core network have implemented functions.

[0153] Please refer to Fig. 9An embodiment of the present invention further provides an MBSFN (Multimedia Broadcast multicast Single Frequency Network) system based on the multi-mode heterogeneous wireless MHWN network as described above. The system can configure multiple MHWN networks into one MBSFN area, multiple or all MHWN networks in one MBSFN area are configured to transmit the same information, and user equipment UE in the MBSFN area can synchronously receive the same information transmitted through multiple paths of multiple MHWN networks.

[0154] During the communication process of multiple MHWN networks, there is interference between the MHWN networks, and the signal quality at the MHWN network boundary will also be affected. Therefore, in practical applications, it is necessary to improve the reception quality of multicast / broadcast, especially the signal quality at the boundary between different MHWN networks in the same MBSFN transmission, thereby significantly improving the data rate and coverage of multicast / broadcast.

[0155] MBSFN allows multiple MHWN networks to transmit the same information, and UE (user equipment) can take advantage of this to effectively use the signal power from multiple MHWN networks, thereby greatly improving coverage. By transmitting the same signal (same content, same coding and modulation) on multiple MHWN networks and synchronizing the transmission time between MHWN networks, the signal received by the UE is like being received from a single MHWN network and undergoing multipath transmission. This multi-MHWN network transmission not only improves the strength of the received signal, but also eliminates interference between MHWN networks.

[0156] Some features of MBSFN system are as follows:

[0157] (1) A network area where all eNodeBs can be synchronized and perform MBSFN transmission is called an MBSFN synchronization area. An MBSFN synchronization area supports one or more MBSFN areas (MBSFNArea). On a given frequency layer, an eNodeB can only belong to one MBSFN synchronization area. The MBSFN synchronization area has nothing to do with the definition of the MBMS service area.

[0158] (2) MBSFN area (MBSFNArea) consists of a group of MHWN networks within an MBSFN synchronization area, which are coordinated together to achieve MBSFN transmission. Except for the MBSFN area reserved MHWN network, all MHWN networks in the MBSFN area are beneficial to MBSFN transmission. The UE may only need to pay attention to a subset of the configured MBSFN areas. For example, when the UE knows in which MBSFN area the MBMS service it is interested in is transmitted, it only needs to pay attention to the corresponding MBSFN area.

[0159] (3) Within an MBSFN area, an MHWN network that is not used for MBSFN transmission in the area is called an MBSFN area reserved MHWN network. This MHWN network can be used to transmit other services, but its transmission power is limited on the resources (subframes) allocated for MBSFN transmission.

[0160] (4) MBSFN transmission brings several obvious benefits: Since the UE can utilize the signal energy received from multiple MHWN networks, the strength of the received signal is enhanced, especially the signal strength at the boundary between different MHWN networks in the same MBSFN transmission. Since the signals received from neighboring MHWN networks are useful signals rather than interference signals, the interference level is reduced, especially the interference level at the boundary between different MHWN networks in the same MBSFN transmission. Diversity is increased to combat fading on the wireless channel. Since the signals are received from multiple physically separated MHWN networks, the entire aggregated channel exhibits high time dispersion, or high frequency selectivity.

[0161] [Example 2]

[0162] Based on the multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network disclosed in Example 1, this embodiment provides a "safer network" based on broadband and narrowband fusion and blockchain architecture.

[0163] 1. First, an analysis of the current network structure, technology development, and encryption methods

[0164] 1. Network structure

[0165] Star (star network, such as 3G / 4G)

[0166] Mesh (mesh network, mainly IoT, also includes WiFi Mesh)

[0167] The existing public mobile communication network adopts, for example, a star network, and the Internet of Things adopts, for example, a mesh network.

[0168] 2. Currently, broadband and narrowband networks are developing at two poles:

[0169] like Fig.10 As shown, the former is based on the existing medium and long-distance coverage and is developing towards high power, high speed, high density, and small base stations (short distance); the latter is based on near-field communication and is developing towards low power consumption, long distance, low latency, and low (medium) rate.

[0170] However, the industry still has no good idea on how to integrate the two technologies. As an important enhancement technology of 3GPP R13, the standard of NB-IoT was just frozen on June 16, 2016. It is still unknown whether its application mode will be different from other similar LPWAN (Low-Power Wide-Area Network) technologies in the future.

[0171] 3. Weaknesses in network security

[0172] 3.1 Example of security flaw analysis of carrier broadband networks:

[0173] Please refer to Fig.11 and Fig.12 The encryption process of the 4G / LTE network shown:

[0174] The keys on the LTE network side and the terminal side are independent of each other and are derived step by step using KDF (key generation function). K is a permanent fixed key located in the USIM and AuC. The CK and IK derived from it are stored in the UE and HSS. The disadvantages are:

[0175] (1) Storage of permanent keys (located in USIM and AuC is obviously not safe)

[0176] (2) There are hidden dangers in the signaling process of the LTE control plane (as shown below): the authentication process in the access process is all transmitted in plain text before the Security Mode is enabled. Even if the user plane uses advanced encryption algorithms, these two problems may cause the security measures to fail. For example, devices such as pseudo base stations (Pseudo RBS) can obtain a lot of important information of user equipment.

[0177] 3.2 Please refer to Fig.13 and Fig.14 The encryption process of the WiFi network shown:

[0178] Compared with the complex LTE network encryption, WiFi encryption is relatively simple. By analyzing a simple 4-way handshake packet and taking a password dictionary-like attack to parse the key PMK (Pairwise Master Key), all subsequent encryption measures are useless. This is also the main reason why WiFi networks are insecure and vulnerable to attacks.

[0179] 3.3 Analysis of security characteristics of IoT network

[0180] Please refer to Fig.15 The encryption process of IoT shown in the figure, due to the current transmission characteristics and low power consumption characteristics of IoT, determines that it must adopt a lightweight protocol stack. Since the initial default Key still exists in the Node (as shown below), even if the 128-bit AES encryption mechanism is adopted, its security performance is not high.

[0181] 2. Integrated solution for the above security issues (BB+NB+Blockchain+Cloud)

[0182] Please refer to Fig.16 This embodiment provides a "safer network" based on the integration of broadband (BB) and narrowband (NB) and blockchain (Blockchain) architecture. The "safer network" is equivalent to a special case of the MHWN network provided by the present invention.

[0183] In this network, the gateway is a dual-mode gateway that integrates broadband and narrowband, and multiple gateways are configured into a mesh network. The narrowband network implements a mesh network based on blockchain technology between multiple gateways; the key used to encrypt communication data is configured to be generated by the mesh network based on blockchain technology; the user-side data of the terminal is configured as follows: it is divided into two parts of data after dispersion, blocking, and shaping, wherein the part with low data volume is transmitted through a narrowband network, and the part with high data volume is transmitted through a broadband network, and the two parts of data are reconstructed and aggregated in the cloud to restore them to the original data.

[0184] In some embodiments, the characteristics of the network include:

[0185] a. A dual-mode mobile phone (a smart phone that supports IoT functions) that integrates broadband and narrowband, or a dual-mode monitoring terminal (that collects low-speed IoT data and broadband data).

[0186] b. Dual-mode gateway or base station node that integrates broadband and narrowband.

[0187] c. The narrowband IoT network is realized through Mesh between Gateways.

[0188] d, the aggregation or termination node in the narrowband IoTMesh network, the unified exit to the Internet.

[0189] e. Introduce blockchain technology into narrowband IoT Mesh network.

[0190] f. In order to overcome the security risks of broadband or narrowband networks mentioned above, it is necessary to focus on solving the problem of key storage. The biggest challenge in protecting cloud data is not encrypting data, but protecting encryption keys. The solution is to calculate the key through the Blockchain Mesh network and corresponding mechanisms, and use the security of the Blockchain network to protect the key. From this perspective, the solution is similar to a "keyless" system.

[0191] g, the encrypted data on the user plane of the mobile phone or terminal is scattered, divided into blocks, and shaped into two parts for transmission. The low-data-volume part is transmitted from the IoT network.

[0192] h. After the encrypted data on the user side of the mobile phone or terminal is scattered, divided into blocks and shaped, the high data volume part is transmitted from the broadband network.

[0193] i,Finally, the encrypted user-plane data from two independent physically isolated channels (IoT / Blockchain+Broadband) is reconstructed and aggregated in the cloud to restore the original data.

[0194] Please refer to Fig.17 , the key process and management solution includes:

[0195] 1) Each terminal is connected to the corresponding gateway (for example, in the figure above: Terminal 1 connects to GW1, Terminal 2 connects to GW2).

[0196] 2) Simple key generation process:

[0197] a. The terminal initiates a key request in security mode;

[0198] b. After receiving the request, Gateway will perform calculations in the entire Blockchain network and, if possible, converge the gateway (such as Fig.17 :Gateway Node 4) can be coordinated in the center;

[0199] c,Key is fed back to the terminal;

[0200] Based on the key, the terminal starts the corresponding encryption algorithm to achieve data encryption.

[0201] From the perspective of key management, the above Blockchain-based Key does not need to be managed. It is dynamically generated by Blockchain and can verify the legitimacy of the Key itself.

[0202] The terminal mentioned here may be a terminal integrated with a data transmission unit.

[0203] In this process, the data transmission unit can be used to request and obtain a key for encrypting communication data from the mesh network; and encrypt the data of the terminal according to the key returned by the mesh network.

[0204] And optionally, the data transmission unit encrypting the data of the terminal may include: performing a hash operation on at least two types of data from different terminals, realizing data encryption through the hash operation, and realizing a correlation calculation on the at least two types of data at the same time.

[0205] Please refer to Fig.18 , the user plane protection of the terminal is as follows:

[0206] 1) The original data of the user plane comes from the data of the IoT Internet of Things and the data of the BB broadband network. In order to enhance the transmission security of the above two channels at the same time, it is considered to make improvements in the frame structure. While the two adopt a unified 10ms wireless subframe, the data from the two different channels of IoT and BB are interleaved and block-adapted to achieve scattering and reset;

[0207] 2) Then the fragmented and reset data is transmitted on two independent channels, one part is transmitted through the "Blockchain-based IoT network for low-speed data transmission, and the broadband part is directly transmitted through the broadband gateway node for broadband services;

[0208] 3) Finally, the data transmitted from the two channels are uniformly processed on a "cloud" side, and reconstruction and aggregation are implemented according to established rules, and the data of IoT and BB broadband are restored.

[0209] In the above process, the data transmission unit can be used to: disperse and block the user-side data of the terminal, and reshape it into two parts of data; transmit the part with low data volume through a narrowband network, and transmit the part with high data volume through a broadband network, so that the two parts of data are transmitted to the base station through two independent channels, and reach the cloud through the base station, so that the two parts of data can be reconstructed and aggregated in the cloud and restored to the original data.

[0210] 3. Application Analysis (Use Case)

[0211] This "safer network" based on the integration of broadband (BB) and narrowband (NB) and blockchain architecture can be used, for example, for multi-mode power distribution network terminals for distribution monitoring and automation management.

[0212] The hardware used may include:

[0213] Dual-mode terminal

[0214] Broadband: LTE private network video surveillance probe

[0215] Narrowband: LoRa-based electricity meter data collection

[0216] Dual-mode gateway

[0217] Broadband: LTE private network base station

[0218] Narrowband: LoRa Gateway

[0219] Through this solution, network security including both meter data and video data can be fully achieved.

[0220] 4. Patent Application for Smart City

[0221] This solution can be widely used in smart cities.

[0222] 1. Overview

[0223] With the rapid development of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things, broadband, mobile and cloud, ICT is creating a completely new era that is completely different from the past. While it directly promotes the reshaping of the industry's value chain and the digitalization of business models, it also brings about a wide range of business and technical needs for the transformation of independent static data within the industry into interactive dynamic data.

[0224] The product architecture is formulated to adapt to the change in industry demand. Different from the traditional "perception-transmission-application" IoT architecture, this application proposes a more advanced "IoT-interaction-intelligence" layered system architecture. The former is only satisfied with data collection and transmission, while the latter is more than that, focusing more on the real-time interaction of data. Countless industry application cases show that even dynamic data, if it loses real-time and interactivity, still cannot meet the actual industry application needs. This application is based on the FMT anti-interference wireless technology with independent intellectual property rights at the IoT layer. Through the organic integration of IoT, broadband private network and Mesh self-organizing network, coupled with the industry-leading security encryption algorithm and Adhoc, QoS control and other mechanisms, a new multi-mode wireless heterogeneous network adapted to the industry is created, ensuring the accuracy, security, reliability and real-time "connection" of industry data; at the "interaction" layer, a gateway adapted to different industry applications is constructed according to the characteristics of industry applications, combined with the operation and business support system to ensure real-time interaction of data; finally, based on the public "cloud" underlying platform Paas, cloud-based intelligent applications are provided, including device cloud, management cloud, application cloud, etc.

[0225] The product series applied in this application covers the end-to-end product range from Internet of Things, interaction to intelligence and services. The "Internet of Things" layer includes sensors, low-power communication modules, handheld or vehicle-mounted substations, Internet of Things base stations, Mesh base stations, and wireless broadband private network base stations for different industry applications; the "interaction" layer includes operation and business support (OBS) systems, wireless gateways, wireless routers, and industry application gateways that have evolved to adapt to industry characteristics, such as: smart screens, multi-mode smart poles, smart energy gateways, etc.; the "intelligence" layer mainly covers "cloud" related products, including: big data centers, device clouds, management clouds, application clouds, etc.; in the "service" field, it provides a full range of products from consulting, design, delivery, optimization, support to management services. In one embodiment of the present invention, a multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network is applied to a smart city, and a perception method is provided in combination with AR and VR technologies. The method includes: a data transmission unit of a multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network obtains data of various terminals such as sensors of a target scene, wherein the data of the sensor may include various information such as temperature, humidity, wind force, etc. of the target scene; the data transmission unit uploads the data of the sensor to a base station and then to a cloud through a multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network; the cloud is used to analyze and process the data of the terminal, including 3D VR modeling, VR dynamic interaction with users, etc.; the user side can obtain various sensor data of the target scene, and create a simulated scene similar to the target scene based on these data for user perception. In this way, on the user side far away from the target scene, the user can also perceive the target scene in an immersive way and make decisions based on such perception. For example, when a forest fire occurs, various sensors deployed in the forest can transmit data in real time, thereby creating a simulated fire scene on the user side, and rescue personnel can make correct decisions by perceiving the simulated fire scene.

[0226] 2. Industry

[0227] 2.1 Smart City Traffic Management

[0228] Wireless products have strong anti-interference ability, excellent RF performance and good stability, ensuring real-time and reliable transmission of geomagnetic data collection.

[0229] The function of long-distance special vehicle identification makes it more advantageous in the management of special fleets (buses, school buses, police cars, etc.);

[0230] Wireless routers greatly facilitate project implementation compared to traditional fiber optic backhaul;

[0231] The vehicle-mounted inspection terminal (substation) improves inspection efficiency while reducing operation and maintenance costs;

[0232] As a new product form (long coverage and strong interactivity), urban smart poles improve the wireless broadband user experience of public transportation;

[0233] 2.2 Highway Traffic Management

[0234] Wireless products have strong anti-interference ability, excellent RF performance and good stability, ensuring real-time and reliable data transmission

[0235] The function of long-distance special vehicle identification makes it more advantageous in the management of special fleets (buses, school buses, police cars, etc.);

[0236] The ultra-long-distance POE power supply mode can alleviate the power supply problem encountered when installing video surveillance points on highway sections, making it easier to implement the project;

[0237] The vehicle-mounted inspection terminal (substation) improves inspection efficiency while reducing operation and maintenance costs;

[0238] The traffic smart poles based on the transformation of highway street lights can provide more powerful monitoring functions, including shouting, image recognition, etc., which greatly improves the driving safety of drivers.

[0239] The new multi-mode, multi-system "fake base station" greatly reduces the impact on the operator's network quality

[0240] Traffic-Highway Section Management

[0241] The new idea is to design a dedicated terminal that issues money at the entrance and returns it at the exit.

[0242] The terminal provides several functions

[0243] a. Voice / text message for advice

[0244] b. Parking warning

[0245] c. Receive broadcast warning information

[0246] d. If a configuration screen is designed, corresponding traffic flow or navigation information can be provided.

[0247] The communication method can be through the operator network or by establishing a private network.

[0248] In order to achieve long-distance coverage of highways, the new idea is to use multi-antenna technology to form beamforming along the direction of the highway.

[0249] Dedicated roads and parking lots for car charging

[0250] Establish dedicated charging lanes to charge cars while they are moving;

[0251] The car is charged wirelessly through electromagnetic induction technology;

[0252] In order to reduce electromagnetic leakage during electromagnetic induction and improve charging efficiency, a physical connection is established between the vehicle and the charging lane under or around the vehicle, for example, brushes are hung under the vehicle and directly connected to the charging belt;

[0253] The charging lanes are connected to wind power generation, solar power generation, and thermal power generation;

[0254] The charging lane is connected to the energy storage system.

[0255] 2.3 Anti-theft, monitoring and protection of cultural relics

[0256] Wireless products have strong anti-interference ability, excellent RF performance and good stability, ensuring real-time and reliable data transmission

[0257] Flexibly meet customers' more data monitoring needs

[0258] The handheld cultural relics inspection terminal (substation) improves the efficiency of cultural relics inspection while reducing operation and maintenance costs.

[0259] 3D cultural relic imaging anti-theft

[0260] First, the cultural relic and its 3D image of its location and status are stored in the database. If the cultural relic is moved (stolen), its 3D image will change. If the new 3D image changes with the 3D image stored in the database, the system will alarm.

[0261] Bluetooch HUB

[0262] Establish a control center HUB to communicate with multiple Bluetooth terminals simultaneously via Bluetooth

[0263] The mobile phone can communicate with the control center HUB, and the communication method can be mobile phone communication, WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.

[0264] 2.4 Retrieval, storage and transportation management of cultural relics

[0265] Wireless products have strong anti-interference ability, excellent RF performance and good stability, ensuring real-time and reliable data transmission

[0266] Unified cultural relic tag management with location information makes retrieval more efficient

[0267] Rapid location-based query of cultural relics improves storage management efficiency

[0268] Combined with the full-process supervision of satellite communication equipment, the safety of cultural relics during storage and transportation is ensured;

[0269] Handheld warehouse inspection terminal (substation) improves warehouse inspection efficiency while reducing operation and maintenance costs;

[0270] 2.5 Fire protection in cultural venues

[0271] Wireless products have strong anti-interference ability, excellent RF performance and good stability, ensuring real-time and reliable data transmission

[0272] 3D rendering of fire alarm location

[0273] Handheld fire inspection terminal (substation) improves fire inspection efficiency while reducing operation and maintenance costs;

[0274] 2.6 Smart Scenic Area Management

[0275] Wireless products have strong anti-interference ability, excellent RF performance and good stability, ensuring real-time and reliable data transmission

[0276] The combination of electronic tickets and image recognition makes tourist management more scientific and efficient

[0277] The tourist ticket sampling mode of long-distance handheld terminal is more humane

[0278] Real-time regional crowd monitoring to prevent emergencies and improve venue safety;

[0279] Novel, real-time, interactive, multi-functional smart screens to improve the visitor user experience;

[0280] E-Tickets

[0281] The ticket is materialized into an information terminal the size of a credit card. The ticket holder can receive various game information and emergency broadcasts / multi-language broadcasts in the exhibition area, and the communication method can be through the public network or private network.

[0282] Combined with RFID and other indoor positioning methods, this invention is more convenient for indoor positioning and finding people than mobile phones.

[0283] The screen can use low-power eink, memory lcd, and integrated micro speakers.

[0284] Tourist attractions-electronic bracelet

[0285] On the basis of RFID, adding screen display and voice broadcasting is not technically difficult, but the usability and grade are improved.

[0286] The positioning in the park can be done by deploying a large number of RFID readers or by triangulation based on the communication method.

[0287] 2.7 Electricity

[0288] In response to the problems faced by the power industry, such as increasing efficiency and reducing emissions, structural adjustment, grid connection of new energy power generation, and demand-side management, a complete "smart interconnection" solution was proposed. For the first time in the industry, the implementation steps of "interconnection of things - interaction - intelligence" were proposed to realize the implementation of energy Internet. Please refer to Fig.19 First, the upgrade of the distribution network, the access of distributed power sources and the consumption of renewable energy can be managed through the "Internet of Things"; then, based on the smart energy gateway and smart energy storage, the energy flow and information flow can be "interactive" in both directions to achieve controllability; finally, it can be predicted based on the big data platform, and the formation of various large markets for smart applications can be promoted through "intelligence".

[0289] 1. “Internet of Things” technology solutions in “intelligent interconnection”

[0290] "Internet of Things" is the basis for implementing energy Internet strategies.

[0291] Smart Distribution Network Solutions

[0292] Smart distribution network is based on distribution network automation, using advanced technologies such as advanced sensors and meter measurement, ICT, DFACTS, protection control, and DER grid connection to achieve intelligent management of distribution system. Smart distribution network integration terminal is an important source of energy Internet big data and the cornerstone of building the next generation of smart network.

[0293] Smart Grid Communication Network Solutions

[0294] In response to different security level scenarios and application requirements, we use low-power wide area network Internet of Things technology, LTE mobile broadband technology, WiFi technology, etc., and integrate them with existing optical communication technology to create a more secure, reliable, flexible and efficient electric power intelligent heterogeneous private network.

[0295] 2. “Interactive” technical solutions in “intelligent interconnection”

[0296] "Interaction" is the key point in the implementation strategy of energy Internet.

[0297] New Energy Centralized Operation Solution

[0298] Renewable energy power generation systems have the characteristics of wide area, dispersion, random changes, and special environment, which bring new problems to power operation. With the help of ICT technology and advanced operation and business support systems, it is possible to effectively "interact" with renewable energy power generation and realize real-time information sharing of key links in the power network.

[0299] Smart Energy Storage Solutions

[0300] Integrate the world's advanced large-scale energy storage technology with ICT innovation to achieve "smart energy storage" that is fully compatible with the power grid and interactive in both directions. Analyze power generation and power consumption data to predict charging and discharging needs, achieve dynamic control and real-time, accurate allocation; use LTE, WiFi, M2M and other technologies to achieve unattended operation. Create a comprehensive smart energy storage solution from production, monitoring, operation to business support.

[0301] Smart Energy Gateway Solution

[0302] Smart Energy Gateway is the anchor and control point of Energy Internet. It has five functions: information collection, energy storage, interface, communication and control management. It is an innovative application of ICT technology in Energy Internet. Smart Energy Gateway aggregates information flow and energy flow, facilitates end-to-end big data analysis, and has broad market application prospects.

[0303] 3. “Smart” technology solutions in “smart interconnection”

[0304] "Intelligence" is the goal and direction of implementing energy Internet strategies.

[0305] Big Data and Cloud Computing Solutions

[0306] The "cloud" uses high concurrency and large capacity design ideas, combines the energy flow and information flow data dispatching capabilities of each link of generation, transmission, distribution and use to conduct big data analysis, realize quasi-real-time power demand forecasting, and build a flexible cloud computing and big data platform for the power industry. It helps the implementation of the energy Internet and taps into the value of energy data.

[0307] [Example 3]

[0308] Please refer to Fig. 20 The embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for applying to the multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network as described in the first embodiment, and the method may include:

[0309] S1. The data transmission unit obtains the data of the terminal, selects the corresponding air interface protocol under the control of the NFV unit, transmits data through at least one of the multiple communication networks, and uploads the terminal data to the corresponding base station;

[0310] S2. Under the control of the NFV unit, the base station uploads the terminal data to the cloud, where the terminal data is further analyzed and processed.

[0311] Optionally, before the data transmission unit uploads the terminal data to the corresponding base station, it also includes: the data transmission unit requests and obtains a key for encrypting communication data from the mesh network, and the key is configured to be generated by the mesh network based on blockchain technology; the terminal data is encrypted according to the key returned by the mesh network, and the encrypted data is uploaded to the corresponding base station by the data transmission unit.

[0312] Optionally, the data transmission unit encrypts the data of the terminal including: performing a hash operation on at least two types of data from different terminals, realizing data encryption through the hash operation, and realizing a correlation calculation on the at least two types of data at the same time.

[0313] Optionally, the data transmission unit uploads the terminal data to the corresponding base station, including: the data transmission unit disperses and blocks the user plane data of the terminal, and shapes it into two parts of data; transmits the part with low data volume through a narrowband network, and transmits the part with high data volume through a broadband network, so that the two parts of data are transmitted to the base station through two independent channels, and reach the cloud through the base station, so that the two parts of data can be reconstructed and aggregated in the cloud and restored to the original data.

[0314] To facilitate further understanding of the multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network and method thereof according to the embodiment of the present invention, the solution of the present invention is further described in detail below:

[0315] (I) Data uplink process in wireless multi-mode heterogeneous Internet of Things

[0316] 1. When the multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network is used for the Internet of Things, this article also refers to the wireless multi-mode heterogeneous Internet of Things. Please refer to Fig.21 The wireless multi-mode heterogeneous Internet of Things can connect terminals in various application fields through data transmission units. The application fields may include safety supervision, municipal administration, cultural relics, agriculture and forestry, fire protection, transportation, energy, environmental protection, tourism, etc. The terminals may include sensors and / or actuators. The wireless multi-mode heterogeneous Internet of Things can be connected to the sensor cloud big data support platform upward, and communicate with the application cloud in the fields of safety supervision, municipal administration, cultural relics, agriculture and forestry, fire protection, transportation, energy, environmental protection, tourism, etc.

[0317] The wireless multi-mode heterogeneous Internet of Things can support multiple types of gateways as base stations according to communication requirements, such as WiFi gateways, LTE gateways, IoT (NB, LoRa) gateways, ZigBee gateways, Bluetooth gateways, etc. At least two of the above gateways can be integrated into at least one base station to form a dual-mode or multi-mode base station, such as the MagicLink multi-mode wireless base station.

[0318] 2. The terminals of the wireless multi-mode heterogeneous Internet of Things may include various sensors, for example, sensors in the fields of safety supervision, municipal administration, cultural relics, agriculture and forestry, fire protection, transportation, energy, environmental protection, tourism, etc. The sensors may send the sensed data to the corresponding data transmission unit, and the sensed data may be transmitted to the data transmission unit via RS-232, RS-485 or various other common communication interfaces in the art.

[0319] 3. The data transmission unit can select the corresponding "air interface protocol" (wireless transmission protocol) according to the sensor identifier, and / or data type, and / or pre-settings, and / or technical specifications, and / or real-time requirements, etc., and send the received sensor data to the corresponding gateway (i.e., base station) in the wireless multi-mode heterogeneous Internet of Things through the corresponding communication network, such as: WiFi gateway, LTE gateway, IoT (NB, LoRa) gateway, ZigBee gateway, Bluetooth gateway, etc.

[0320] 4. The wireless multi-mode heterogeneous Internet of Things can further transmit the data sensed by the sensors to the application cloud in the cloud, such as environmental protection cloud, municipal cloud, cultural relics cloud, safety cloud, transportation cloud, tourism cloud, fire protection cloud, agriculture and forestry cloud, energy cloud, etc. The data can be further processed in the above-mentioned application cloud, such as data calculation, machine learning, VR simulation, data conversion, image data generation, video data generation, etc.

[0321] 5. For some sensor data, such as fire alarm data, the data transmission unit can use fog computing or edge computing technology to process the data, and send the processing results back to the sensor / terminal in a timely manner, and / or transmit the processing results to the application cloud.

[0322] 6. Optionally, the data transmission unit can be integrated into a terminal, such as a handheld terminal, various sensors, or a wearable bracelet.

[0323] 7. In the embodiment of the present invention, the data transmission unit may include a communication module for implementing the communication function and a processing module for implementing the data processing function. In one implementation, the chip of the data transmission unit may be, for example, Fig. 22 The dual-mode IoT security chip shown in the figure has two core functions, RF core (radio frequency core) and Main CPU (main processor), wherein the RF core function is mainly used for the communication of sensor data, while the Main CPU is mainly used for the processing of sensor data, such as fog computing or edge computing.

[0324] 8. The wireless multi-mode heterogeneous Internet of Things of this application can be used in environmental monitoring, forestry monitoring, crop monitoring, fire warning, facility inspection, production safety, waterlogging warning, river chief system tools, urban sanitation and other fields.

[0325] Among them, the wireless multi-mode heterogeneous Internet of Things in this embodiment introduces sensing terminals of at least three industries: (1) sensing terminals of environmental protection, meteorology, and forestry industries; (2) sensing terminals of fire protection and safety supervision industries; (3) sensing terminals of municipal administration and energy industries. The data generated by the above sensing terminals are introduced into the wireless multi-mode heterogeneous Internet of Things through the dual-mode Internet of Things security chip in this application (see the above figure for the specific structure), and are further transmitted to the application cloud (ecological cloud, security cloud, and governance cloud) for processing.

[0326] 9. Low-power IoT access

[0327] Please refer to Fig.23 , which is a schematic diagram of a terminal accessing a low-power wireless multi-mode heterogeneous Internet of Things.

[0328] 10. Access to low-power IoT

[0329] Please refer to Fig.24 , showing the fusion structure of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) and 5G network.

[0330] 11. Overall architecture diagram of the Internet of Things system

[0331] Please refer to Fig.25 , showing the overall architecture of the wireless multi-mode heterogeneous Internet of Things system.

[0332] The architecture of this application has the following characteristics: versatility (supports any sensor interface in any industry), modularity (combinable and customizable), multi-function (provides local access, local power supply, data backhaul, local storage, local computing), cloud coupling (provides SDK), edge computing (microcontroller and memory provide local computing capabilities), and data security (authentication, authorization, encryption, and signature).

[0333] (II) Data Downlink Process in Wireless Multimode Heterogeneous Internet

[0334] 1. Ability to adjust the sensors (including: safety supervision, municipal administration, cultural relics, agriculture and forestry, fire protection, transportation, energy, environmental protection, tourism, etc.) periodically and / or according to the commands of the application cloud / users, and / or according to the feedback of sensors / data transmission units / gateways / NFV, etc., to ensure that the error of the sensor is within the range allowed by the industry standards.

[0335] 2. Adjust the granularity of sensor data analysis based on environmental factors, processing capabilities, actual needs, and other factors.

[0336] 3. Perform firmware (FireWire) upgrades on sensor devices, etc. The upgrades can be based on commands from the application cloud, and / or based on feedback from sensors / data transmission units / gateways / NFV, etc., and / or periodically.

[0337] 4. Introduce encryption technology to prevent sensor data from being tampered with in the application cloud, and / or during data communication, and / or at the sensor device terminal, including human tampering.

[0338] 5. If the data is tampered with, the tampering can be discovered in time through data verification and a response can be made, such as notifying the user, issuing an alarm, displaying a prompt, automatically sending an email, pushing a message to the user's mobile terminal, such as a mobile phone, etc.

[0339] 3. Edge computing and data encryption in wireless multi-mode heterogeneous Internet

[0340] 1. When making decisions, people focus not only on the data from a single sensor, but on the effective fusion of data from two or more sensors, and make further judgments based on this.

[0341] For example, the alarm of a fire alarm sensor may adopt the rules shown in Table 2 below:

[0342] Table 2 Fire sensor alarm rules

[0343] Smoke (concentration level 0-10) Temperature (level 0-10) Call the police 6 6 Call the police 6 1 Do not call the police 1 6 Do not call the police

[0344] From the above examples, it can be seen that considering the correlation between two or more factors is much more important than just considering a single sensor data.

[0345] 2. Introduce blockchain technology to encrypt sensor data.

[0346] 3. Hash operations are performed on data from different sensors. The results not only encrypt the data, but also have practical significance, reflecting the correlation between different sensors.

[0347] 4. For example, there are 6 sensors as follows:

[0348] Sensor1(CO)

[0349] Sensor2(CO2)

[0350] Sensor3(O3)

[0351] Sensor4(SO2)

[0352] Sensor5(PM2.5)

[0353] Sensor6(PM10)

[0354] Perform a hash operation on at least two sensors, such as Sensor2 and Sensor5, to obtain an encrypted result A:

[0355] First, result A reflects the encryption operation of Sensor2 and Sensor5.

[0356] Secondly, result A reflects the correlation between CO2 and PM2.5 sensors, which can serve as a basis for further judgment.

[0357] In summary, the present application not only introduces a method for encrypting sensor data, but also ensures that the encryption operation result can reflect the correlation between the actual sensed data and can serve as a basis for further judgment, thereby giving the encryption operation result actual physical meaning.

[0358] 5. Furthermore, this application also introduces a two-stage protection to achieve encryption and decryption of plaintext data, as follows Fig.26 As shown, it includes: in the first stage, data content protection is performed on the plaintext data by data encryption (the encryption method can be, for example, AES / SMx / Twofish / Camellia / RSA, etc.); in the second stage, data position mapping protection is performed (the encrypted data is re-stored according to the user-defined position sequence);

[0359] 6. The multi-side verification and multi-side encryption technology based on cloud, broadband and narrowband fusion systems solves several key problems that have not been avoided so far in wireless communication networks, such as key storage, air interface data interception, pseudo core network Pseudo Core, and massive codebook computing attacks. It is an important guarantee for the security of industry IoT big data.

[0360] For ease of understanding, the relevant technical terms are introduced as follows:

[0361] Blockchain technology is a combination of a series of technologies to establish a new technical architecture, among which hash algorithm is a particularly important part.

[0362] The computer uses binary mode at the bottom machine code. In simple terms, binary means that the bottom layer is marked with 0 / 1. All data transmission records are stored in the mode of 010101. The two states can also be considered as a switch in daily life, 1 marks on and 0 marks off. Then the smallest data unit in the computer is 0 or 1, which we call bit here. 8 bits make up a byte.

[0363] The hash algorithm maps a binary value of any length to a shorter fixed-length binary value, which is called a hash value. A hash value is a unique and extremely compact numerical representation of a piece of data. If you hash a piece of plain text and change even one letter of the paragraph, subsequent hashes will produce different values. It is computationally impossible to find two different inputs that hash to the same value, so the hash value of data can verify the integrity of the data. It is generally used for fast search and encryption algorithms.

[0364] Let's introduce the concept of a hash table. In computer data structures, given a table M, a keyword key, and a function H(key), for any given keyword value key, if the address of the record containing the keyword in the table can be obtained after substituting it into the function, then the table M is called a hash table.

[0365] Simply put, hash algorithm is a one-way encryption. A plaintext encryption is called ciphertext. It is irreversible. There is only encryption process, no decryption process. The concept of hash function and hash table is explained. The commonly used hash algorithms are MD5 and SHA series algorithms (sha-256 algorithm). SHA is a set of hash functions, and there are currently algorithms such as sha-224, sha-256, sha-384, and sha-512.

[0366] If the keys in the hash algorithm appear in the same position after calculation, a conflict occurs.

[0367] 1. Zipper method: This method can completely avoid conflicts and link all nodes with synonyms in the same single linked list. If the selected hash table length is m, the hash table can be defined as a pointer array t[0..m-1] consisting of m head pointers. All nodes with hash address i are inserted into the single linked list with t as the head pointer. The initial value of each component in t should be a null pointer. In the zipper method, the filling factor α can be greater than 1, but generally α≤1 is taken.

[0368] 2. Multi-hash method: Design two or more hash functions to avoid conflicts. This seems unreliable, but from a probability perspective, multiple hash functions still reduce the occurrence of conflicts.

[0369] 3. Open address method: The open address method has a formula: Hi=(H(key)+di)MOD mi=1,2,...,k(k<=m-1), where m is the length of the hash table. di is the incremental sequence when a conflict occurs. If the di value may be 1,2,3,...m-1, it is called linear detection and rehashing. If di is 1, it moves back 1 position after each conflict. If di may be 1,-1,4,-4,9,-9,16,-16,...k*k,-k*k(k<=m / 2), it is called secondary detection and rehashing. If di may be a pseudo-random number sequence. It is called pseudo-random detection and rehashing.

[0370] Hash algorithm functions are classified according to: addition hash, bit operation hash, multiplication hash, division hash, table lookup hash, etc.

[0371] 1. Calculation of the address, public key, and private key of the node in the blockchain. Take the address as an example: the public key is calculated once with SHA256, then with RIPEMD160, to get a public key hash (20 bytes\160 bits), add version information, perform two more SHA256 operations, take the first 4 bits, put them into the hashed public key plus version information, and then encode them with base58 to get the address.

[0372] 2. Merkle tree: It is a tree structure in data structure, which can be a binary tree or a multi-branch tree. It has almost the same characteristics as the tree in data structure, but is different from ordinary trees in that the leaf nodes on the merkle tree store the hash value after hash calculation, and the non-leaf nodes are the hash values ​​of the strings concatenated with their corresponding child nodes. It is used in block headers and SPV authentication.

[0373] 3. The process of obtaining a new node through device calculation by a blockchain node, proof of work (pow), actually calculates a nonce. When this random number is combined with other hashed data, a value smaller than the specified target (target) is generated. It can also be understood as a fast and irreversible calculation. SHA256 (SHA256 (version + prev_hash + merkle_root + ntime + nbits + x)) <TARGET。

[0374] 4. Bloom filter: Bloom filter is based on the fast search of hash function. It solves the problem of client search. The principle is that Bloom filter can quickly determine that a certain search value does not exist in a specified set, so it can filter out a large amount of irrelevant data and reduce unnecessary downloads on the client side.

[0375] (IV) Data Analysis in Wireless Multimode Heterogeneous Internet

[0376] 1. Standardize the sensor data structure and process the uplink and downlink data based on the aforementioned wireless multi-mode heterogeneous Internet of Things.

[0377] 2. Using the aforementioned blockchain encryption technology, the standardized sensor data structure is hashed, transmitted and / or encrypted.

[0378] Although the following detailed description contains many details for the purpose of illustration, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that many changes and modifications to the following details can be made, and the changes and modifications are deemed to be included herein. Accordingly, the following embodiments are described without losing the generality of any claim described, and without imposing restrictions on any claim described. It is also to be understood that the terms used herein are only used to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to be restrictive. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those of ordinary skill in the field to which this disclosure belongs. Moreover, the same reference numerals appearing in different figures represent the same elements. The numbers provided in the flow charts and processes are provided for clarity in the illustrated steps and operations, and the numbers do not necessarily indicate a specific order or sequence.

[0379] In addition, the described features, structures or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided, such as examples of layouts, distances, network examples, etc., to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments. However, those skilled in the relevant art will recognize that such detailed embodiments do not limit the overall concepts clearly expressed herein, but are merely representative thereof. Those skilled in the relevant art will also recognize that the technology can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or using other methods, components, layouts, etc. In other examples, known structures, materials, or operations may not be shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the present disclosure.

[0380] In this application, "comprising," "containing," "containing," and "having," etc. may have the meanings ascribed to them in U.S. patent law, and may mean "including," "comprising," etc., and are generally interpreted as open-ended terms. The terms "consisting of" or "consisting of" are closed terms, and include only the components, structures, steps, etc. specifically listed in conjunction with such terms, and the content in accordance with U.S. patent law. "Consisting essentially of" or "consisting essentially of" have the meanings generally ascribed to them by U.S. patent law. In particular, such terms are generally closed terms, with the following exceptions: the inclusion of additional items, materials, components, steps, or elements that do not substantially affect the basic and novel properties or functions of the item(s) used in conjunction therewith is permitted. For example, a trace element that is present in a composition but does not affect the nature or properties of the composition would be permissible if present under the "consisting essentially of" language, even if not explicitly recited in the list of items following such term. When open-ended terminology such as "comprising" or "including" is used in this written description, it is understood that direct support should also be given to "consisting essentially of" language and "consisting of" language as if explicitly stated, and vice versa.

[0381] As used herein, the term "substantially" refers to the complete or almost complete scope or degree of an action, characteristic, property, state, structure, project or result. For example, an object "substantially" enclosed will mean that the object is completely enclosed or almost completely enclosed. The precise permissible degree of deviation from absolute completeness can depend on the specific context in some cases. However, in general, the proximity of completeness will be in order to have the same overall result, as to obtain absolute and overall completeness. When used in a negative connotation to refer to the complete or almost complete lack of an action, characteristic, property, state, structure, project or structure, the use of "substantially" is equally applicable. For example, a composition "substantially free of" particles will lack particles completely, or so almost completely lack particles that the effect will be the same, as it lacks particles completely. In other words, a composition "substantially free of" ingredients or elements can still actually include such items, as long as there is no measurable effect thereof.

[0382] As used herein, the term "about" is used to provide flexibility to numerical range endpoints by providing that a given value may be "slightly above" or "slightly below" the endpoint. However, it is to be understood that even when the term "about" is used in conjunction with a specific numerical value in this specification, support is provided for the exact numerical value recited without the "about" term.

[0383] As used herein, for convenience, multiple items, structural elements, constituent elements, and / or materials may be presented in a common list. However, these lists should be interpreted as if each member of the list were individually identified as a separate and unique member. Therefore, no individual member of such a list should be interpreted as a substantial equivalent of any other member of the same list based solely on its presentation in a common group in the absence of contrary indications.

[0384] Concentration, amount and other numerical data can be described or presented in range format herein.It is to be understood that such range format is used only for convenience and brevity, and therefore should be flexibly interpreted as not only including the numerical value clearly described as the limitation of range, but also including all individual numerical values ​​or sub-ranges contained in the range, as clearly describing each numerical value and sub-range.As an illustration, the numerical range of "about 1 to about 5" should be interpreted as not only the value of the clear description of about 1 to about 5, but also including each value and sub-range in the indicated range.Therefore, included in this numerical range are each value, such as 2,3 and 4, and sub-ranges such as from 1 to 3, from 2 to 4 and from 3 to 5, and individually 1,1.5,2,2.3,3,3.8,4,4.6,5 and 5.1.

[0385] The same principle applies to ranges that recite only one numerical value as a minimum or maximum value. Additionally, such an interpretation should apply regardless of the magnitude of the range or characteristic being described.

[0386] References throughout this specification to an "example" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the example is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearance of phrases including "example" or "embodiment" in various places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same example or embodiment.

[0387] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like, if any, in the specification and in the claims are used to distinguish between similar elements and are not necessarily used to describe a particular order or chronological sequence. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable in appropriate contexts, such that the embodiments described herein are, for example, capable of operating in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Similarly, if a method is described herein as comprising a series of steps, the order of such steps as presented herein is not necessarily the only order in which such steps may be performed, and some of the stated steps may possibly be omitted, and / or some other steps not described herein may possibly be added to the method.

[0388] The terms "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "above", "below", etc., in the specification and claims, if present, are used for descriptive purposes and are not necessarily used to describe permanent relative positions. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate contexts such that the embodiments described herein are, for example, capable of operation in other orientations than those illustrated or otherwise described herein.

[0389] As used herein, comparative terms such as "increase," "decrease," "better," "worse," "higher," "lower," "enhanced," and the like refer to a property of a device, component, or activity that is measurably different from other devices, components, or activities in surrounding or adjacent areas, in a single device or in multiple comparable devices, in a group or class, in multiple groups or classes (or compared to known prior art). For example, a data region with an "increased" risk of corruption may refer to a region of a memory device that is more likely to have write errors to it than other regions in the same memory device. Several factors may contribute to such increased risk, including location, manufacturing process, number of program pulses applied to the region, and the like.

[0390] The following provides an initial overview of the embodiments, and then further describes the specific embodiments in detail. This initial overview is intended to help readers understand the present disclosure more quickly, but is not intended to identify key or essential technical features, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0391] Of course, different combinations of software, firmware and / or hardware can be used to implement one or more parts of the embodiment. Throughout this detailed description, for the purpose of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments can be put into practice without some of these specific details. In some instances, known structures and functions are not described in detail to avoid blurring the subject matter of the invention of the embodiment. Accordingly, the scope and spirit of the present invention should be determined according to the appended claims.

[0392] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0393] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit them. A person skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A communication method for an IOT network, comprising: transmitting the sensor data; wherein the transmitting comprises selecting and switching between a plurality of communication networks according to the communication requirements of the sensor data, so that the data transmission unit transmitting the sensor data and the base station communicate through the selected communication network; wherein the plurality of communication networks include broadband networks and narrowband networks; The plurality of communication networks include a mesh network based on blockchain technology; The sensor data is transmitted via the base station and used for cloud applications of the iOT network; and the same information is synchronously transmitted to the user terminal via multiple paths in the multiple communication networks.

2. The data transmission unit according to claim 1, wherein the sensor data is encrypted by an encryption algorithm; and wherein the encryption operation result is related to the association between the sensor data. 3 . The communication method according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor data is dispersed into different data and transmitted along different communication channels.

4. The communication method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor data is transmitted through different wireless communication gateways based on one or more of the following: an identifier of the sensor, a data type, a preset setting, a technical specification, a coding or modulation of the signal, a signal power, and real-time performance.

5. A data transmission unit in a network node of an IOT network, comprising: Communication module; Processing module; Wherein the processing module comprises a computing unit; wherein the computing unit computes the sensor data from the sensor, and the result of the computation is used to trigger a corresponding alarm or action; wherein the sensor data is encrypted; and wherein the result of the encryption operation is related to an association between the sensor data; wherein the communication module is configured to transmit the sensor data; wherein the transmission includes selecting and switching between a plurality of communication networks according to the communication requirements of the sensor data, so that the data transmission unit transmitting the sensor data and the base station communicate through the selected communication network; wherein the plurality of communication networks include broadband networks and narrowband networks; and The multiple communication networks include a mesh network based on blockchain technology. The data transmission unit according to claim 5 , wherein the sensor data is transmitted via different wireless communication gateways based on real-time performance.

7. The data transmission unit according to claim 5, wherein: The sensor data is transmitted through different wireless communication channels based on signal encoding or modulation.

8. The data transmission unit of claim 5, wherein the selection of the communication network is based on signal power.

9. The data transmission unit of claim 5, wherein the sensor data is transmitted to a user terminal; and wherein the user terminal comprises a cellular telephone.

10. The data transmission unit of claim 5, wherein the data transmission unit is configured to transmit video data from a video surveillance device.

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