Water poisoning prevention system for hysteroscope electric resection

Abstract

The invention relates to a water poisoning prevention system for hysteroscope electric resection, and belongs to the technical field of medical equipment. The water poisoning prevention system comprises a data acquisition module used for acquiring operation data information related to hysteroscope electric resection; and the data processing module is used for receiving and processing the operation data information acquired by the data acquisition module and calculating and updating a water poisoning risk value in real time, and the data acquisition module comprises an input unit and a monitoring unit. The data processing module is configured to preliminarily calculate a water poisoning risk value according to the predicted operation duration obtained by the input unit, the type of the uterus distending medium to be used, the prepared uterus distending pressure and the measured average arterial pressure so as to obtain an expected risk value corresponding to the predicted operation duration; and the water poisoning risk value obtained through preliminary calculation is dynamically adjusted according to the perfusion liquid amount, the blood oxygen saturation degree, the serum sodium ion level and the current operation duration obtained by the monitoring unit, so that a dynamic risk value corresponding to the current operation duration is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of medical equipment, and in particular to a water intoxication prevention system for hysteroscopic electroresection. Background Art

[0002] Hysteroscopic transurethral resection is a minimally invasive surgery mainly used to diagnose and treat lesions in the female reproductive system, such as endometrial polyps, uterine fibroids, and endometriosis. The surgery involves inserting a hysteroscope through the vagina, using the optical system to directly observe the inside of the uterine cavity, and removing the diseased tissue through the transurethral resection device. During the operation, a distending medium is injected into the uterine cavity to maintain a clear field of vision and ensure the smooth progress of the operation. However, the use of distending media also brings certain risks, among which "water intoxication" is an important complication. The mechanism of water intoxication is mainly due to the excessive absorption of distending media into the blood circulation during the operation, resulting in excessive fluid load and electrolyte imbalance in the body, especially a decrease in sodium concentration, which may cause edema, impaired consciousness, and even life-threatening.

[0003] The reasons for excessive absorption of distension media include prolonged surgery, excessive distension pressure, and the use of hypotonic irrigation fluid, etc. These factors can cause a large amount of distension media to be absorbed through the surgical wound, causing dilutional hyponatremia and other complications such as pulmonary edema and cerebral edema. The specific relationship between the amount of distension media absorbed and the change in blood sodium during transhysterectomy is mainly reflected in the fact that when the amount of distension media absorbed exceeds a certain threshold, dilutional hyponatremia will occur, especially non-electrolyte solutions, which will cause a large amount of fluid to enter the body, causing fluid overload, blood dilution and hyponatremia.

[0004] Studies have shown that when more than 1000 mL of distension fluid is absorbed, approximately 30.77% of patients experience clinical manifestations related to circulatory overload, and the probability of absorption is higher when the surgical procedure is complicated. Other studies have shown that when the pressure of the distension fluid is too high, especially when it exceeds the patient's mean arterial pressure, the risk of fluid absorption increases significantly. In addition, the nature of the distension fluid (such as whether it is an electrolyte solution) is also a key factor. Other studies have shown that the absorbed distension fluid may enter the vascular system through the venous sinuses or open vascular pathways caused by surgery, leading to dilutional hyponatremia, metabolic disorders, circulatory overload, and even pulmonary edema.

[0005] Therefore, during transurethral resection, it is crucial to control the net absorption of uterine distention media and monitor blood sodium levels.

[0006] CN108937910A discloses a closed constant pressure controlled hysteroscopic surgery waterproof poisoning auxiliary device, comprising a surgical sleeve, a waterproof plug, a plug delivery device and a sealed closed-mouth pliers, a water pressure sensor is fixed on the outer wall of the upper end of the surgical sleeve, the water pressure sensor is connected to the water pressure controller through a first waterproof wire, the water pressure controller controls the solenoid valve through a second waterproof wire, a water injection port is opened on the outer side of the lower end of the surgical sleeve, a medicine injection port is arranged on the outer side of the lower end of the surgical sleeve, a rubber is arranged on the inner side of the lower end of the surgical sleeve, an instrument channel penetrating the surgical sleeve is fixedly connected to the inner side of the rubber, a first water pipe is arranged in the water injection port, the first water pipe is connected to the water outlet of the solenoid valve, the water inlet of the solenoid valve is connected to the second water pipe, the second water pipe is connected to the water pump, a placement groove is opened on the upper plane of the plug delivery device, a handle groove is opened at the center of the bottom end of the placement groove, and a connecting channel is opened at the center of the bottom end of the handle groove.

[0007] However, existing technologies cannot provide dynamic monitoring of the patient's fluid load and electrolyte balance, making it difficult to accurately estimate and promptly respond to potential water intoxication risks. Existing monitoring systems rely on retrospective analysis and lack the ability to automatically trigger alarms based on real-time data changes, making it difficult for medical staff to detect abnormal conditions in the first place. In addition, various physiological parameters obtained before and during surgery (such as uterine distension pressure, mean arterial pressure, blood oxygen saturation, etc.) are often recorded independently by different devices. Existing monitoring systems do not integrate this information for comprehensive analysis, resulting in a lack of scientific risk prediction tools during surgery, increasing the possibility of encountering unexpected conditions during surgery.

[0008] In addition, on the one hand, there are differences in understanding among those skilled in the art; on the other hand, the applicant studied a large number of documents and patents when making the present invention, but due to space limitations, not all details and contents are listed in detail. However, this does not mean that the present invention does not have the characteristics of these prior arts. On the contrary, the present invention already has all the characteristics of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to add relevant prior art to the background technology. Summary of the invention

[0009] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a water intoxication prevention system for hysteroscopic electrosurgical resection to solve at least part of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0010] The present invention discloses a water intoxication prevention system for hysteroscopic electroresection, which includes: a data acquisition module for acquiring surgical data information related to hysteroscopic electroresection; a data processing module for receiving and processing the surgical data information acquired by the data acquisition module, and calculating and updating the water intoxication risk value in real time. The data acquisition module includes an input unit and a monitoring unit for acquiring a plurality of different types of surgical data information before and during the operation. The data processing module is configured to: preliminarily calculate the water intoxication risk value according to the estimated operation duration, the type of uterine distension medium to be used, the proposed uterine distension pressure and the measured mean arterial pressure acquired by the input unit to obtain the expected risk value corresponding to the estimated operation duration; dynamically adjust the preliminarily calculated water intoxication risk value according to the amount of perfusion fluid, blood oxygen saturation, serum sodium ion level and current operation duration acquired by the monitoring unit to obtain a dynamic risk value corresponding to the current operation duration.

[0011] The present invention constructs a water intoxication prevention system for hysteroscopic electrosurgical resection, which includes a data acquisition module and a data processing module, and can effectively improve the safety and efficiency of the operation. The data acquisition module can not only obtain a variety of surgical data information before the operation, such as the expected operation time, the type of uterine distension medium to be used, the proposed uterine distension pressure and the measured mean arterial pressure, but also monitor the key parameters such as the amount of perfusion fluid, blood oxygen saturation, serum sodium ion level and the current operation time in real time during the operation. This information provides a detailed data basis for the data processing module, so that it can preliminarily calculate the water intoxication risk value based on these data, and dynamically adjust this risk value as the operation progresses. Specifically, the data obtained before the operation helps doctors estimate the difficulty of the operation and formulate a reasonable operation plan; while the data monitored in real time during the operation ensures the accurate grasp of the patient's status during the operation and timely discovers potential risks. In addition, through continuous analysis and feedback of these data, the system can continuously optimize and adjust the strategy during the operation, thereby minimizing the probability of water intoxication and ensuring the life safety of the patient. This closed-loop monitoring and early warning mechanism not only improves the safety of surgical operations, but also enhances the ability of the medical team to respond to emergencies.

[0012] According to a preferred embodiment, the input unit can be configured as a medical terminal to input surgical data information including the estimated operation duration, the type of uterine distension medium to be used, the planned uterine distension pressure and the measured mean arterial pressure before the operation through one or more information input methods, and send the surgical data information to the data processing module.

[0013] The input unit is configured as a medical terminal, allowing multiple information input methods such as touch screen input, physical button input, and voice input to accurately transmit surgical data information including the estimated operation time, the type of uterine distension medium to be used, the planned uterine distension pressure, and the measured mean arterial pressure to the data processing module before the operation, greatly improving the convenience and accuracy of data entry. This design makes the entire process more efficient, saves valuable time, and helps improve the overall operational efficiency of the hospital. At the same time, the diverse information entry methods meet the needs of different scenarios, adapt to various complex clinical environments, and further ensure the quality of data entry.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment, the monitoring unit includes a first monitoring component for obtaining the amount of perfusion fluid of the uterine distension device, a second monitoring component for obtaining the patient's blood oxygen saturation, a third monitoring component for obtaining the patient's serum sodium ion level, and a fourth monitoring component for obtaining the current operation duration.

[0015] The design of the monitoring unit introduces four first to fourth monitoring components specifically targeting different physiological indicators, ensuring accurate control of the patient's internal conditions during hysteroscopic transurethral resection. First, the first monitoring component records the input and output of the fluid in real time through a flow meter, which directly reflects the actual amount of fluid absorbed by the patient's body (i.e., net absorption), thereby better assessing the risk of water intoxication. Secondly, the second monitoring component uses a pulse oximeter to non-invasively monitor blood oxygen saturation. It is crucial to maintain the patient's normal oxygen supply, and any abnormal changes may be an early signal of potential complications. The third monitoring component can quickly provide serum sodium ion concentration readings using point-of-care testing (POCT) devices or other non-invasive testing devices, which is particularly critical for preventing dilutional hyponatremia and a series of neurological problems caused by it. Finally, the fourth monitoring component serves as a surgical timer to accurately record the surgical time, helping doctors to grasp the progress of the operation and adjust strategies in a timely manner. These monitoring components together constitute a comprehensive, multi-level monitoring network, which not only improves the safety during the operation, but also provides a valuable reference for postoperative review.

[0016] According to a preferred embodiment, when the data processing module preliminarily calculates the water intoxication risk value based on the surgical data information obtained by the input unit, it can generate an expected risk curve with the surgery duration as the horizontal axis and the risk value as the vertical axis, so as to obtain the expected risk value corresponding to any surgery duration.

[0017] The data processing module can generate an expected risk curve with the operation duration as the horizontal axis and the risk value as the vertical axis to intuitively display the expected risk value corresponding to any operation duration. This function not only provides the surgical team with a clear risk visualization tool, but also greatly enhances the scientificity and practicality of risk prediction. In principle, the expected risk curve is calculated by a mathematical model based on various parameters collected before surgery (such as the difference between the distension pressure and the mean arterial pressure, the distension medium influencing factor and the expected operation duration), which reflects the changing trend of water intoxication risk over time during the operation. For the surgical team, this curve is like a navigation map, guiding them on how to adjust the surgical strategy according to the actual situation to minimize the risk. For example, when the expected operation time is long, the doctor can make full preparations in advance and take necessary precautions according to the corresponding risk value on the curve. On the contrary, if the operation goes smoothly and the risk is always at a low level, some restrictions can be appropriately relaxed. In short, the existence of the expected risk curve not only makes risk assessment more intuitive and easy to understand, but also provides strong theoretical support for surgical decision-making and promotes the improvement of medical quality.

[0018] According to a preferred embodiment, when the data processing module dynamically adjusts the water intoxication risk value initially calculated, it can use the current operation duration to determine the expected risk value initially calculated, and use the perfusion fluid volume, blood oxygen saturation and serum sodium ion level to correct the expected risk value to obtain a dynamic risk value corresponding to the current operation duration.

[0019] Such a setting not only takes into account the static factors before surgery, but also focuses on the dynamic changes during surgery, ensuring the authenticity and timeliness of risk assessment. Specifically, by mapping the current operation duration to the expected risk curve, the corresponding expected risk value can be quickly located, providing a benchmark for the next adjustment. Subsequently, based on the real-time monitoring of the amount of perfusion fluid, blood oxygen saturation and serum sodium ion level, the data processing module can quantify the degree of deviation of these parameters from the ideal range and correct the expected risk value accordingly. For example, if the patient's blood oxygen saturation is found to be lower than the ideal value, it means that there may be a risk of respiratory dysfunction. At this time, the risk value should be appropriately adjusted upward; on the contrary, if the serum sodium ion level remains stable, the original risk estimate can be maintained unchanged. In this way, the dynamically adjusted risk value can be more in line with the actual development of the disease, providing doctors with more precise guidance, helping them to identify potential dangers at the first time and take timely intervention measures, thereby effectively avoiding the occurrence of serious complications such as water intoxication.

[0020] According to a preferred embodiment, the data processing module can correct the expected risk value using the deviation value obtained by comparing the perfusion fluid volume, blood oxygen saturation, and serum sodium ion level with their respective corresponding reference values, wherein the reference value corresponding to the perfusion fluid volume is the safe maximum net absorption amount, the reference value corresponding to the blood oxygen saturation is the ideal blood oxygen saturation, and the reference value corresponding to the serum sodium ion level is the normal serum sodium ion concentration.

[0021] Such a setting not only takes into account the specific values ​​of each physiological index, but more importantly, introduces the concept of relative standard, that is, each index has an ideal reference range. When the actual measured value deviates from this range, it means that there are different degrees of risk. Specifically, the reference value of the amount of perfusion fluid is set to the safe maximum net absorption, which is intended to prevent the patient from absorbing too much fluid and causing an increase in blood volume, which may lead to serious complications such as water intoxication and hyponatremia; the reference value of blood oxygen saturation is set to the ideal blood oxygen saturation to ensure adequate oxygen supply; the reference value of serum sodium ion level is the normal serum sodium ion concentration, which is used to maintain electrolyte balance. In actual application, once an index exceeds its reference range, the system will automatically calculate its deviation value and adjust the risk value according to the pre-set weight coefficient. This not only improves the accuracy of risk assessment, but also enhances the system's adaptive ability. For example, even if some parameters fluctuate slightly during the operation, as long as they are still within the safe range, they will not cause unnecessary alarms and avoid overreaction. On the contrary, if an index deviates significantly from the normal value, the early warning mechanism will be quickly triggered to remind medical staff to take immediate action. In short, this risk correction method based on deviation value not only ensures the accuracy of the evaluation results, but also reflects the attention to individual differences, greatly improving the effect of water intoxication prevention.

[0022] According to a preferred embodiment, the data processing module compares the dynamic risk value and the corresponding expected risk value at the same time node to determine whether there is an abnormal risk situation based on the relationship between the degree of deviation and a preset threshold. If the degree of deviation exceeds the preset threshold, the data processing module can send a first warning signal to medical staff through the user interface.

[0023] This mechanism significantly improves the risk warning capability during surgery. Traditional risk assessment often relies on static data and is difficult to capture the ever-changing surgical environment. In contrast, the method of comparing the dynamic risk value with the expected risk value proposed in the present invention can monitor every subtle change in the surgical process in real time and discover potential problems in a timely manner. When the dynamic risk value deviates from the expected value to a certain extent, it indicates that the current situation does not meet expectations and there may be unknown risks. At this time, the system will immediately start the early warning program and send an alarm to medical staff through the user interface, prompting them to pay attention to changes in relevant parameters and take corresponding measures. This instant feedback mechanism not only shortens the time interval from discovering the problem to taking action, but also provides important decision-making basis for medical staff, enabling them to make the best choice in the shortest time. In addition, by setting a reasonable preset threshold, the system can not only respond sensitively to major risks, but also avoid frequent false alarms, maintaining the stability and reliability of the early warning system. This advanced early warning mechanism provides double protection for surgical safety and ensures the life safety of patients throughout the operation.

[0024] According to a preferred embodiment, the data processing module can connect the dynamic risk values ​​of multiple consecutive time nodes to form an actual risk curve, wherein when multiple consecutive curves show a gradual and steep increase in risk values, the data processing module can send a second warning signal to medical staff through the user interface.

[0025] This design greatly enhances the insight into the development trend of risks. In complex operations such as hysteroscopic transurethral resection, risks are not isolated events, but the result of gradual accumulation over time. Therefore, risk assessment based solely on a single time node is not enough to fully understand the potential threats in the surgical process. By drawing the actual risk curve, the data processing module can capture the trend of risk changes over time, especially those gradual increases that are not easy to detect but may indicate a greater crisis. When multiple consecutive curves show a clear upward trend, it indicates that the risk is increasing and needs to be taken seriously. At this time, the system will trigger the second early warning signal to remind medical staff to pay close attention to the patient's status and consider whether to adjust the surgical plan or take emergency measures. This method not only helps to prevent potential risks in advance, but also provides valuable data support for postoperative review, helping the medical team to summarize experience and lessons and optimize future surgical procedures. The introduction of the actual risk curve not only enriches the dimension of risk assessment, but also adds an extra layer of protection for surgical safety.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment, the user interface includes: a display screen for displaying real-time monitoring data, water intoxication risk values ​​and early warning information; and an alarm unit for issuing an alarm through sound and / or visual signals.

[0027] In a highly tense surgical environment, medical staff need to quickly obtain the latest data and make correct judgments. Any delay may lead to irreversible consequences. Through the integrated display, the user interface can present all important parameters in real time, such as the amount of perfusion fluid, blood oxygen saturation, serum sodium ion level and the current operation time, so that doctors can fully understand the patient's condition without leaving the operating table. In addition, the visual display of water intoxication risk values ​​provides an intuitive risk assessment tool for the surgical team, helping them to adjust their strategies at any time to deal with possible problems. More importantly, the presence of the alarm unit provides a guarantee for rapid response in emergency situations. Both visual and auditory alarms can immediately attract the attention of medical staff to ensure that they will not miss any critical warnings. This instant feedback mechanism is particularly important in the case of multi-tasking. In this way, the user interface not only simplifies the process of information exchange, but also enhances the effectiveness of teamwork, providing strong technical support for surgical safety.

[0028] According to a preferred embodiment, the data processing module can send the expected risk value corresponding to the expected operation time obtained through preliminary calculation to the user interface for display on the display screen of the user interface, thereby guiding the surgeon to estimate the difficulty and process of the operation, and guiding the anesthesiologist to estimate the depth of anesthesia.

[0029] Before the operation begins, doctors usually need to make a detailed surgical plan based on the patient's specific situation and the type of surgery. One important part of this plan is to assess the difficulty and time required for the operation. By displaying the expected risk value on the user interface, the data processing module provides doctors with an objective basis for risk assessment, allowing them to more accurately predict the various challenges during the operation. For example, if the expected risk value is high, the doctor may choose a more cautious surgical path or prepare a plan in advance to deal with complex situations. Similarly, for anesthesiologists, the expected risk value can help them better estimate the depth of anesthesia and ensure that the patient maintains an appropriate state of anesthesia throughout the operation. This decision support system based on data analysis not only improves the efficiency of surgical preparation, but also reduces the risks caused by subjective misjudgment. In addition, by visually presenting the expected risk value on the screen, all personnel involved in the operation can share information on the same platform, enhancing communication and collaboration between teams. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a hardware connection diagram of the water poisoning prevention system provided by the present invention; Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the user interface provided by the present invention; Figure 3It is a schematic diagram for comparing an expected risk curve obtained based on an expected risk value and an actual risk polyline obtained based on a dynamic risk value provided by the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a flow chart of a data processing module provided by the present invention sending an alarm signal through a user interface; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a data analysis method based on offline area of ​​a data processing module provided by the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a data analysis method based on slope value of the data processing module provided by the present invention.

[0031] Reference numerals list 100: data acquisition module; 110: input unit; 120: monitoring unit; 121: first monitoring component; 122: second monitoring component; 123: third monitoring component; 124: fourth monitoring component; 200: data processing module; 300: user interface; 310: display screen; 320: alarm unit; 400: uterine distension instrument. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following is a detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention discloses a water intoxication prevention system for hysteroscopic electrosurgical resection, which includes: a data acquisition module 100, used to obtain surgical data information related to hysteroscopic electrosurgical resection; a data processing module 200, used to receive and process the surgical data information obtained by the data acquisition module 100, and can calculate and update the water intoxication risk value in real time. Preferably, as Figure 2 As shown, the water intoxication prevention system may further include a user interface 300, wherein the user interface 300 may include: a display screen 310 for displaying real-time monitoring data, water intoxication risk values, and early warning information; an alarm unit 320 for issuing an alarm through sound and / or visual signals when the water intoxication risk value exceeds a preset threshold.

[0034] Preferably, a uterine distension device 400 can be used during hysteroscopic transurethral resection to infuse liquid into the uterine cavity to generate uterine distension pressure and expand the uterine cavity, thereby providing a clear field of vision for the doctor to operate. In hysteroscopic transurethral resection (such as uterine myomectomy, polypectomy, etc.), the role of the uterine distension device 400 is crucial because it not only ensures sufficient operating space, but also ensures the safety and efficiency of the operation through precise pressure control. The basic functions of the uterine distension device 400 include liquid infusion and pressure control. By injecting a distension medium into the uterine cavity, the uterine wall is expanded to facilitate the operation of the hysteroscope and other surgical instruments, wherein the distension medium may include physiological saline or other specified distension fluids, such as 5% glucose solution or lactated Ringer's solution. At the same time, the uterine distension device 400 can set and maintain a constant pressure level to ensure a clear surgical field of view while avoiding excessive pressure from causing harm to the patient. In addition, it allows the flow rate of the distension medium to be adjusted to meet different surgical needs.

[0035] In the application of hysteroscopic electroresection, the distension device 400 needs to set the working parameters before the operation, including the target pressure, initial flow, etc.; during the operation, it is usually necessary to maintain a stable distension pressure. The distension pressure needs to be high enough to ensure a clear view in the uterine cavity. Appropriate distension pressure can prevent blood from flowing into the uterine cavity and reduce the impact of intraoperative bleeding. If the distension pressure is lower than the mean arterial pressure, blood may infiltrate the uterine cavity, thereby affecting the field of view and operation of the operation, and may even cause tissue damage or other complications. However, if the distension pressure is higher than the patient's mean arterial pressure, it may cause excessive fluid to be absorbed into the blood circulation, causing potential complications such as water intoxication. Therefore, if a high distension pressure is selected according to the needs of the operation and the actual situation of the patient, its impact on the risk of water intoxication needs to be considered. In order to prevent problems such as fluid overload or electrolyte imbalance, it is necessary to closely track the input and output of the distension medium, and adjust the settings of the distension device 400 at any time according to the progress of the operation, such as changing the flow or pressure, to ensure the best surgical conditions. When the operation is over, the distension pressure is gradually reduced until the perfusion is completely stopped, and the residual fluid is cleaned up to ensure the cleanliness and safety of the surgical environment.

[0036] Preferably, the data acquisition module 100 may include an input unit 110 for acquiring various surgical data information before surgery and a monitoring unit 120 for acquiring various surgical data information during surgery, wherein the surgical data information acquired by the input unit 110 and the monitoring unit 120 may be sent to the data processing module 200 in real time.

[0037] Preferably, the input unit 110 may have one or more information input paths, so that the medical staff can transmit at least part of the surgical data information related to the patient who is about to undergo hysteroscopic transurethral resection to the data processing module 200 through the information input path before the operation. Preferably, the surgical data information transmitted by the input unit 110 may include one or more of the estimated operation time, the type of uterine distension medium to be used, the proposed uterine distension pressure and the measured mean arterial pressure. Furthermore, in the above-mentioned surgical data information, the proposed uterine distension pressure and the measured mean arterial pressure may also be replaced by the difference between the two. Exemplarily, the input unit 110 may be configured as a medical terminal, such as a mobile phone, a tablet, a computer, etc., so as to input the above-mentioned surgical data information in various ways such as touch screen input, physical key input and / or voice input.

[0038] Preferably, the estimated duration of the operation can be estimated by the medical staff who are going to perform the operation based on the size and number of lesions, the location of lesions, the type and nature of lesions, the experience and technical level of the surgeon, the equipment and technical conditions, the individual conditions of the patient and / or possible complications. Before the operation, the medical staff (mainly experienced surgeons) usually have a rough time expectation, which helps the surgical team to make reasonable arrangements, such as booking the operating room, planning the anesthesia time, etc., and allows the patient to have a general psychological preparation for the operation.

[0039] Preferably, the types of uterine distension media may include normal saline, 5% glucose solution and lactated Ringer's solution, etc., wherein, in the present invention, normal saline may be used as the first uterine distension medium, 5% glucose solution may be used as the second uterine distension medium, and lactated Ringer's solution may be used as the third uterine distension medium, and they may be numbered 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

[0040] Preferably, the uterine distension pressure can be obtained from the uterine distension device 400. For example, the medical staff can read the uterine distension pressure data displayed on the uterine distension device 400 and input the data through the input unit 110; the input unit 110 can also be connected to the uterine distension device 400 to achieve data exchange, so that the uterine distension pressure is directly sent from the uterine distension device 400 to the input unit 110.

[0041] Preferably, the mean arterial pressure can be obtained by an indirect measurement method or a direct measurement method, wherein the indirect measurement method is a commonly used non-invasive measurement method, which is measured by using an electronic sphygmomanometer or a manual sphygmomanometer (equipped with a stethoscope); the direct measurement method is an invasive measurement method with a certain degree of invasiveness, which is achieved by inserting a catheter into the artery and connecting it to a pressure sensor to continuously monitor the blood pressure. Further, under normal circumstances, the present invention preferably uses an indirect measurement method to obtain the patient's preoperative mean arterial pressure, that is, using Korotkoff sounds (the sound changes heard when the inflatable cuff is gradually deflated) to determine the systolic and diastolic pressures, and then calculating the mean arterial pressure based on these data. In order to ensure accuracy, multiple measurements can be taken and the average value can be taken at different time points, especially if the patient is in a state of tension or anxiety, which may affect the measurement results.

[0042] Preferably, medical staff can input the above-mentioned surgical data information into the input unit 110 via one or more information input paths, so that the input unit 110 can send the surgical data information obtained before the operation to the data processing module 200.

[0043] Preferably, the monitoring unit 120 may include several monitoring components for obtaining different types of surgical data information, wherein the first monitoring component 121 can be used to obtain the amount of perfusion fluid of the uterine distension device 400, the second monitoring component 122 can be used to obtain the patient's blood oxygen saturation, the third monitoring component 123 can be used to obtain the patient's serum sodium ion level, and the fourth monitoring component 124 can be used to obtain the current operation duration.

[0044] Preferably, the first monitoring component 121 can be configured as a flow meter, by installing the flow meter on the uterine distension device 400 to record the input and output of the liquid in real time, and then transmit the monitored perfusion liquid amount to the data processing module 200, wherein the perfusion liquid amount can be the difference between the input and output, that is, the net absorption amount, to directly reflect the amount of liquid actually absorbed by the patient, so as to better assess the risk of water intoxication. The net absorption amount directly reflects the amount of liquid actually absorbed by the patient. This is a key parameter for assessing the risk of water intoxication, because excessive liquid absorption will lead to increased blood volume, which may lead to serious complications such as water intoxication and hyponatremia. Even if the flow rate is low, if the operation time is long or multiple perfusions are performed, the accumulated total amount of liquid may still lead to significant risks. Therefore, the net absorption amount provides a more comprehensive risk assessment. Further preferably, some modern uterine distension devices 400 with automatic calculation functions can display the changes in net absorption in real time, and the first monitoring component 121 can capture the net absorption amount displayed by it and send it to the data processing module 200.

[0045] Preferably, the second monitoring component 122 can be configured as a pulse oximeter, which is a medical device for non-invasively monitoring the oxygen saturation (SpO2) in human blood, and can evaluate the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin in arterial blood by measuring transmitted or reflected light. The application of pulse oximeter is particularly important for surgeries such as hysteroscopic transurethrography that require precise control of uterine distension pressure and close monitoring of patient vital signs.

[0046] During hysteroscopic transurethral resection, the role of the pulse oximeter is not limited to providing a continuous blood oxygen saturation reading; it is also one of the key tools to ensure the safe conduct of the operation. During the operation, the use of distention media to expand the uterine cavity may cause fluid to be absorbed into the blood circulation, which in turn affects the patient's circulatory system and respiratory function. In addition, the use of anesthetic drugs may also suppress the respiratory center and reduce ventilation efficiency. Therefore, it is essential to maintain real-time monitoring of the patient's blood oxygen level to ensure that any possible hypoxemia can be detected and treated in time to prevent it from developing into more serious complications.

[0047] Based on this, the pulse oximeter can be connected to the patient's finger, earlobe or other appropriate part before the operation begins, and continue to work throughout the operation. The instrument automatically calculates and displays the current blood oxygen saturation value and pulse rate, and has an alarm function. When the blood oxygen level drops below the set threshold, it issues a warning so that immediate measures can be taken, such as adjusting the depth of anesthesia, optimizing ventilation strategies, or changing the perfusion parameters of the uterine distension medium, to maintain the safety and stability of the patient.

[0048] Preferably, the third monitoring component 123 can be configured as a Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) device, which is a medical tool that can quickly provide diagnostic results at the patient's side, and can obtain key health indicators in real time in a clinical environment by simplifying and accelerating the traditional laboratory testing process. For surgeries such as hysteroscopic transurethral resection that require real-time monitoring of the patient's physiological state, POCT equipment can monitor changes in serum sodium ions.

[0049] During hysteroscopic transurethral resection, changes in serum sodium ion levels are an important concern. Since distention media is used to dilate the uterine cavity during surgery, if these fluids are absorbed into the blood circulation in large quantities, they may cause dilutional hyponatremia, a potentially serious complication that may cause cerebral edema and other neurological problems. Therefore, it is crucial to promptly detect and treat abnormal changes in serum sodium ion levels. POCT devices can quickly provide accurate serum sodium concentration readings to facilitate timely adjustments to treatment plans and ensure safe surgery.

[0050] Based on this, POCT devices can be prepared before the operation begins and can be used at any time during the operation as needed. The operator only needs to collect a small amount of blood sample from the patient and put it into a special test card or test strip, and the POCT device can complete the analysis and display the results within a few minutes. This instant feedback mechanism allows medical staff to take immediate action, such as adjusting the type or flow rate of the distension medium, or giving appropriate drug therapy to correct electrolyte imbalance. In addition, the POCT device is also equipped with an alarm function, which issues a warning when the serum sodium level is detected to be out of the normal range, ensuring that any abnormal situation can be dealt with in a timely manner.

[0051] Preferably, the third monitoring component 123 can also be configured as a non-invasive detection device, such as evaluating electrolyte levels by optical, electrochemical or other non-invasive methods. For example, a wearable microneedle extended gate field effect transistor (FET) biosensor can be used to detect sodium in interstitial fluid (see paper: Zheng, Y., Omar, R., Zhang, R., Tang, N., Khatib, M., Xu, Q., Milyutin, Y., Saliba, W., Broza, Y., Wu, W., Yuan, M., & Haick, H. (2021). A Wearable Microneedle-Based Extended GateTransistor for Real-Time Detection of Sodium in Interstitial Fluids. AdvancedMaterials, 34), thereby estimating the patient's electrolyte level. For another example, a wearable potentiometric sensor based on Na0.44MnO2 can be used to detect sodium ions in sweat (see paper: Ghoorchian, A., Kamalabadi, M., Moradi, M., Madrakian, T., Afkhami, A., Bagheri, H., Ahmadi, M., & Khoshsafar, H. (2022). Wearable Potentiometric Sensor Based on Na0.44MnO2 for Non-invasive Monitoring of Sodium Ions in Sweat. Analytical chemistry) to estimate the patient's electrolyte levels.

[0052] Preferably, the fourth monitoring component 124 can be configured as a surgery timer to start timing when the surgery starts, so as to display and upload the current surgery duration in real time.

[0053] Preferably, after receiving the surgical data information sent by the input unit 110, the data processing module 200 can preliminarily calculate the water intoxication risk value based on the surgical data information, wherein the water intoxication risk value can be preliminarily calculated by the following formula: , Among them, R0 is the water intoxication risk value calculated initially, ΔP is the difference between the normalized uterine distension pressure and the mean arterial pressure, and F M is the influencing factor of uterine distension medium, t is the normalized operation time, k1 and k2 are weight coefficients.

[0054] Preferably, in the above formula, the first term is the product of the difference between the distension pressure and the mean arterial pressure and the distension medium influencing factor. This setting reflects the synergistic effect between the two on the risk of water intoxication during hysteroscopic transurethral resection. Specifically, this term comprehensively considers two key factors: one is the speed and amount of distension medium entering the blood circulation, which is mainly determined by ΔP; the other is the characteristics of the medium itself, such as osmotic pressure, electrolyte composition, etc. These characteristics are expressed by F M Furthermore, during surgery, the larger the ΔP, the easier it is for the distension medium to be squeezed into the blood vessels, increasing the risk of water intoxication. However, not all distension media have the same physiological effects. Different media may have different absorption rates, metabolic pathways, and potential toxicity. Therefore, the introduction of F M As an influencing factor of the medium, the additional risk brought by each medium can be quantified more accurately. For example, some media may have a high osmotic pressure, which can cause significant changes in fluid balance even at a low ΔP, thereby increasing the possibility of water intoxication. Such a setting can significantly enhance the accuracy and scientificity of the prediction model. In this way, not only two key factors are taken into account, namely the speed and amount of the distension medium entering the blood circulation, and the characteristics of the medium itself (such as osmotic pressure, electrolyte composition, etc.), but also closer to the actual physiological process. This design enables the model to more accurately predict the risk of water intoxication caused by a specific medium under specific conditions, thereby providing doctors with a personalized risk assessment tool. At the same time, it reflects the real physiological mechanism, because the medium characteristics and pressure difference jointly determine the speed and amount of the medium entering the circulatory system, as well as the resulting pathophysiological changes. In addition, this method facilitates the comparison of different media or surgical plans, helps to intuitively understand which factors are most important, and guide clinical decisions to minimize risks.

[0055] Furthermore, the difference between the distension pressure and the mean arterial pressure is the difference obtained by subtracting the mean arterial pressure from the distension pressure, wherein the distension pressure is usually set to a value higher than the mean arterial pressure when calculating the risk of water intoxication, and therefore the difference is a positive value. If the distension pressure is set to a value not exceeding the mean arterial pressure, the risk of water intoxication is relatively low, because at such a pressure, it is more difficult for the distension medium to be excessively absorbed into the blood circulation, thereby reducing the risk of fluid load and electrolyte imbalance, and therefore, the calculated difference in this case can be directly recorded as 0 to ignore the influence of this factor.

[0056] Furthermore, the uterine distension medium influence factor can be set to a corresponding value for different types of uterine distension media according to literature or clinical experience. For example, for the first uterine distension medium (normal saline), its uterine distension medium influence factor F1 can be set to 1.0; for the second uterine distension medium (i.e., 5% glucose solution), it has hypertonicity, so its uterine distension medium influence factor F2 can be set to 1.2; for the third uterine distension medium (i.e., lactated Ringer's solution), its composition is closer to plasma, so its uterine distension medium influence factor F3 can be set to 0.9.

[0057] Furthermore, after the surgeon gives an estimated operation time, the estimated operation time can be substituted as t into the above formula to calculate a point value. According to this point value, medical staff can preliminarily know the expected risk value of water intoxication during hysteroscopic electrosurgical resection for the patient, thereby facilitating the surgeon to estimate the difficulty and process of the operation, as well as guiding the anesthesiologist to estimate the depth of anesthesia.

[0058] Furthermore, in the above formula, the weight coefficients k1 and k2 can be a comprehensive method of clinical trial data, literature references and expert opinions. First, by collecting data from a large number of surgical cases and using statistical methods such as regression analysis, the specific impact of various factors on the risk of water intoxication can be quantitatively evaluated, thereby providing an empirical basis for the setting of the coefficients. Secondly, referring to the coefficient settings of similar formulas in existing studies can ensure the consistency of the new model with the existing knowledge system and draw on proven effective parameters. Finally, consulting experienced doctors and researchers to fine-tune these coefficients based on their clinical experience and professional judgment can further improve the accuracy and applicability of the model. Preferably, the weight coefficients k1 and k2 of the present application can be determined based on the contribution ratio of the two items to the risk value calculation in the above formula, and can be non-fixed values. Optionally, the weight coefficients k1 and k2 of the present application can be set to 0.0187 and 0.005 in some areas.

[0059] For example, for a certain patient, the difference between the distension pressure and the mean arterial pressure is 30 mmHg, the distension medium influence factor corresponding to the second distension medium (i.e., 5% glucose solution) used is 1.2, and the estimated operation time is 90 minutes. Substituting the above data into the above formula, a preliminary calculation shows that the expected risk value of water intoxication at 90 minutes is 1.1232.

[0060] Furthermore, in the present invention, if the calculated expected risk value is within the range of R0<1.0, it means that the patient's risk of water intoxication is relatively low. Although attention should still be paid to intraoperative monitoring and management, special preventive measures are usually not required. Patients within this range can undergo surgery according to routine procedures; if the calculated expected risk value is within the range of 1.0≤R0<3.0, it means that the patient has a certain risk of water intoxication. The surgeon should monitor the patient's condition more closely and consider taking additional preventive measures, such as performing more frequent fluid balance checks or selecting uterine distension media with a lower risk of water intoxication. In addition, the medical staff of the surgical team should be prepared to deal with possible water intoxication incidents; if the calculated expected risk value is within the range of R0≥3.0, it means that the patient faces a higher risk of water intoxication. In this case, the surgeon should re-evaluate the necessity and timing of the operation, optimize the surgical plan as much as possible to reduce the risk, and if it is decided to continue the operation, strict monitoring and preventive measures must be taken, and ensure that emergency treatment plans are in place to respond to any potential symptoms of water intoxication in a timely manner.

[0061] Since the estimated operation time given by the surgeon is only a rough estimate based on past experience and current information, the actual operation time may vary due to problems or unexpected situations found during the operation. Therefore, in addition to calculating the expected risk value of water intoxication corresponding to the estimated operation time, the data processing module 200 can also generate an expected risk curve with the operation time as the horizontal axis (x-axis) and the risk value as the vertical axis (y-axis) according to the above formula, such as Figure 3 shown.

[0062] Preferably, if the patient is judged to be suitable for surgery based on the calculated expected risk value, the monitoring unit 120 can be used to collect surgical data information during the operation, so that the data processing module 200 can dynamically adjust the water intoxication risk value by analyzing the various surgical data information collected in real time by the monitoring components of the monitoring unit 120, so as to facilitate medical staff to timely grasp the patient's risk of water intoxication.

[0063] Preferably, the data processing module 200 can dynamically adjust the water intoxication risk value according to one or more of the perfusion fluid volume, blood oxygen saturation, serum sodium ion level and current operation duration obtained by the monitoring unit 120 to obtain a dynamic risk value, wherein the current operation duration is used to determine the R0 value to be adjusted, and the remaining operation data information is used to correct the R0 value to be adjusted to obtain a dynamic risk value corresponding to the current operation duration.

[0064] Preferably, the data processing module 200 can compare the remaining surgical data information except the surgical duration with the corresponding reference value to obtain the corresponding deviation value, wherein the reference value corresponding to the perfusion liquid volume can be set to the safe maximum net absorption volume V safe , which refers to the maximum net absorption of uterine distention medium that is considered not to significantly increase the risk of water intoxication during hysteroscopic transurethrography; the reference value corresponding to blood oxygen saturation can be set to the ideal blood oxygen saturation Ideal SpO2, which refers to the optimal blood oxygen saturation level required to maintain normal physiological function; the reference value corresponding to the serum sodium ion level can be set to the normal serum sodium ion concentration Normal Na + , which refers to the normal serum sodium ion concentration range that maintains electrolyte balance and extracellular fluid osmotic pressure in the body. The above reference value can be determined by clinical guidelines, literature review, standard reference, practice and expert consensus. For example, in the present invention, when physiological saline is used as the uterine distension medium, V safe Can be set to 500mL, Ideal SpO2 can be set to 98%, Normal Na + Can be set to 140 mmol / L.

[0065] Preferably, the dynamic risk value R N It can be calculated as follows: Among them, R0 is the water intoxication risk value obtained by preliminary calculation, ΔV is the difference between the measured infusion volume and the corresponding reference value (V safe ), ΔSpO2 is the deviation of the measured blood oxygen saturation from the reference value (Ideal SpO2), ΔNa + The measured serum sodium level is compared with the corresponding reference value (Normal Na + ), w1, w2, w3 are weight coefficients.

[0066] Preferably, the method for determining the weight coefficients w1, w2, w3 may be similar to the method for determining the weight coefficients k1, k2.

[0067] Preferably, the above formula can be used to calculate the dynamic risk value R corresponding to each time node as the operation progresses. N , dynamic risk value RN It can be distributed above, below or overlap with the corresponding expected risk value R0. N When the dynamic risk value R0 is above the corresponding expected risk value, it means that the current risk level is higher than the expected risk level. N When the dynamic risk value R0 is below the corresponding expected risk value, it means that the current risk level is lower than the expected risk level. N When it overlaps with the corresponding expected risk value R0, it means that the current risk level is equal to the expected risk level. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the data processing module 200 can compare the dynamic risk values ​​R at the same time node. N and the corresponding expected risk value R0, to determine whether there is a risk abnormality according to the relationship between the degree of deviation and the preset threshold, wherein if the degree of deviation exceeds the preset threshold, the data processing module 200 can send a first warning signal to the medical staff through the user interface 300. Further, if Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the dynamic risk value R of multiple consecutive time nodes N can be connected to form an actual risk line, wherein when multiple (for example, at least two) continuous lines show a gradual and steep increase in risk value, the data processing module 200 can send a second warning signal to the medical staff through the user interface 300. Preferably, the data processing module 200 can have different data analysis methods to determine the situation where the risk value gradually increases, and in particular, a more suitable data analysis method can be used for different prevention scenarios, so as to more accurately generate the second warning signal to avoid frequent alarms causing interference to the normal surgical process.

[0068] Preferably, if Figure 5As shown, the data processing module 200 can draw vertical lines extending to the horizontal coordinate from the expected risk curve corresponding to the expected risk value and the actual risk line corresponding to the dynamic risk value, respectively, to obtain two offline areas, respectively, and the offline area represents the cumulative risk value from the starting time point to the end time point, wherein the larger the offline area is, the higher the cumulative risk value is, which means that the overall risk of water poisoning is greater. Further, the data processing module 200 can calculate the difference between the two offline areas (i.e., the offline area of ​​the actual risk line minus the offline area of ​​the expected risk curve), wherein when the area difference increases, it means that the gap between the actual cumulative risk value and the expected cumulative risk value increases, which means that the actual risk accumulation speed exceeds expectations; when the area difference decreases, it means that the gap between the actual cumulative risk value and the expected cumulative risk value decreases, which means that the actual risk accumulation speed is close to or lower than expected. By calculating the offline areas of the actual risk line and the expected risk curve, and analyzing the trend of the difference change, the data processing module 200 can identify earlier whether the actual risk accumulation speed exceeds expectations. This enables the system to issue a second warning signal in time when the risk increases significantly, thereby allowing medical staff to take preventive measures quickly. Compared with risk values ​​that rely only on a single time point, this method provides a more continuous and dynamic risk assessment and reduces the possibility of false positives. And because of the use of an integral algorithm, the area below the line directly reflects the cumulative risk value from the starting time point to the end time point, and there is no need to frequently obtain a large amount of surgical data information related to water intoxication during surgery, which reduces the sampling and computing load of the system and is suitable for most non-emergency patients.

[0069] Preferably, if Figure 6 As shown, the data processing module 200 can make tangents (mainly tangents of the expected risk curve) for the expected risk curve corresponding to the local expected risk value and the actual risk line corresponding to the dynamic risk value to obtain two slope values ​​respectively. The slope value represents the rate at which the risk value changes over time. The larger the slope value, the faster the risk value increases over time, which means that the risk rises faster; the smaller the slope value, the slower the risk value increases over time, which means that the risk rises slower, and even the situation as shown in FIG. Figure 6The risk value shown in the figure shows a negative growth. The negative growth of the risk value may be caused by factors such as insufficient data accumulation in the early stage of the operation, excessive initial risk assessment, and effective intervention measures. Further, the data processing module 200 can calculate the difference between the two slope values ​​(i.e., the slope value of the actual risk line minus the slope value of the expected risk curve), wherein when the slope difference increases, it means that the difference between the rate of change of the actual risk value and the rate of change of the expected risk value increases, which means that the actual risk rises faster than expected; when the slope difference decreases, it means that the difference between the rate of change of the actual risk value and the rate of change of the expected risk value decreases, which means that the actual risk rises faster than expected. By calculating the slope difference between the actual risk line and the expected risk curve, the system can more accurately determine whether an early warning signal needs to be issued. Only when the rate of change of the actual risk value significantly exceeds expectations will the alarm be triggered, thereby avoiding interference with the normal surgical process due to frequent false alarms. When multiple continuous lines show a situation where the risk value gradually increases, the data processing module 200 can send a second early warning signal to medical staff through the user interface 300. This early warning mechanism based on slope changes can capture the sharp upward trend of risk earlier, allowing medical staff to take preventive measures before the risk reaches a critical point. The slope value directly reflects the rate at which the risk value changes over time, but this method requires frequent acquisition of a large amount of surgical data information related to water intoxication during surgery to maximize the number of slope values ​​that can be calculated per unit time and improve the accuracy of slope value calculation. Therefore, this method is more suitable for a small number of high-risk patients.

[0070] Preferably, the data processing module 200 can also use multiple data analysis methods simultaneously to achieve mutual verification when the computing power is sufficient and / or there is actual demand, which not only improves the accuracy of early warning signal generation, but also can avoid complications such as water intoxication in patients to the greatest extent.

[0071] For example, Table 1 shows the surgical data information of a patient undergoing hysteroscopic electrosurgical resection and the expected risk value R0 and the dynamic risk value R calculated based on the surgical data information. N .

[0072] Table 1 Surgical data information of an example patient and the expected risk value R0 and dynamic risk value R N List Furthermore, after the operation is completed, the dynamic risk value R at each time node is N The actual risk curve and expected risk curve formed by the connection can be exported to the user interface 300 to facilitate medical staff to review the surgical process, which in turn helps to propose improvement suggestions for the algorithm of the data processing module 200 to improve the accuracy and reliability of the calculation.

[0073] It should be noted that the above-mentioned specific embodiments are exemplary, and those skilled in the art can come up with various solutions inspired by the disclosure of the present invention, and these solutions also belong to the disclosure scope of the present invention and fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention specification and its drawings are illustrative and do not constitute a limitation of the claims. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents. The present invention specification contains multiple inventive concepts, such as "preferably" or "according to a preferred embodiment", which means that the corresponding paragraph discloses an independent concept, and the applicant reserves the right to file a divisional application based on each inventive concept. Throughout the text, the features guided by "preferably" are only an optional method and should not be understood as a must-have setting. Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to abandon or delete the relevant preferred features at any time.

Claims

1. A water intoxication prevention system for hysteroscopic electrosurgical resection, characterized in that: It includes: A data acquisition module (100) is used to obtain surgical data information related to hysteroscopic electrosurgical resection; The data processing module (200) is used to receive and process the surgical data information acquired by the data acquisition module (100), and calculate and update the water intoxication risk value in real time. The data acquisition module (100) comprises an input unit (110) and a monitoring unit (120) for respectively acquiring a plurality of different types of surgical data information before and during surgery. The data processing module (200) is configured to: Preliminarily calculating the water intoxication risk value based on the estimated operation duration, the type of uterine distension medium to be used, the proposed uterine distension pressure, and the measured mean arterial pressure obtained by the input unit (110) to obtain an expected risk value corresponding to the estimated operation duration; The initially calculated water intoxication risk value is dynamically adjusted according to the amount of perfusion fluid, blood oxygen saturation, serum sodium ion level and current operation duration acquired by the monitoring unit (120) to obtain a dynamic risk value corresponding to the current operation duration.

2. The water intoxication prevention system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input unit (110) is configured as a medical terminal to input surgical data information including the estimated duration of the operation, the type of uterine distension medium to be used, the planned uterine distension pressure and the measured mean arterial pressure before the operation through one or more information input paths, and send the surgical data information to the data processing module (200).

3. The water intoxication prevention system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring unit (120) includes a first monitoring component (121) for obtaining the amount of perfusion fluid of the uterine distension device (400), a second monitoring component (122) for obtaining the patient's blood oxygen saturation, a third monitoring component (123) for obtaining the patient's serum sodium ion level, and a fourth monitoring component (124) for obtaining the current operation duration.

4. The water intoxication prevention system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the data processing module (200) performs preliminary calculation of the water intoxication risk value based on the surgical data information acquired by the input unit (110), it generates an expected risk curve with the surgical duration as the horizontal axis and the risk value as the vertical axis, so as to obtain the expected risk value corresponding to any surgical duration.

5. The water intoxication prevention system according to claim 4, characterized in that: When dynamically adjusting the water intoxication risk value obtained by preliminary calculation, the data processing module (200) uses the current operation duration to determine the expected risk value obtained by preliminary calculation, and uses the amount of perfused fluid, blood oxygen saturation and serum sodium ion level to correct the expected risk value, so as to obtain a dynamic risk value corresponding to the current operation duration.

6. The water intoxication prevention system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The data processing module (200) uses the deviation value obtained by comparing the amount of perfusion fluid, blood oxygen saturation, and serum sodium ion level with their respective corresponding reference values ​​to correct the expected risk value, wherein the reference value corresponding to the amount of perfusion fluid is the safe maximum net absorption amount, the reference value corresponding to the blood oxygen saturation is the ideal blood oxygen saturation, and the reference value corresponding to the serum sodium ion level is the normal serum sodium ion concentration.

7. The water intoxication prevention system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The data processing module (200) compares the dynamic risk value and the corresponding expected risk value at the same time node to determine whether there is an abnormal risk situation based on the relationship between the degree of deviation and a preset threshold value, wherein if the degree of deviation exceeds the preset threshold value, the data processing module (200) sends a first warning signal to medical personnel through the user interface (300).

8. The water intoxication prevention system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The data processing module (200) connects the dynamic risk values ​​of multiple consecutive time nodes to form an actual risk broken line, wherein when the multiple consecutive broken lines show a gradual and steep increase in risk values, the data processing module (200) sends a second warning signal to medical staff through the user interface (300).

9. The water intoxication prevention system according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The user interface (300) comprises: a display screen (310) for displaying real-time monitoring data, water intoxication risk values ​​and early warning information; and an alarm unit (320) for issuing an alarm through sound and / or visual signals.

10. The water intoxication prevention system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The data processing module (200) sends the expected risk value corresponding to the expected operation time obtained through preliminary calculation to the user interface (300) for display on the display screen (310) of the user interface (300), thereby guiding the surgeon to estimate the difficulty and process of the operation, and guiding the anesthesiologist to estimate the depth of anesthesia.

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