Swaging assembly and swaging apparatus

Abstract

The application provides a swaging assembly and a swaging device, and belongs to the field of metal forging, wherein the swaging assembly comprises a hammer head, a driving block, a wedge block, a positioning roller and a retaining ring. A plurality of hammer heads are uniformly distributed around a first axis, can rotate around the shaft and move in the radial direction (first direction), the driving block is correspondingly arranged on the outer side of each hammer head, and the driving block drives the hammer head to rotate around the shaft; the wedge block is located between the hammer head and the driving block, converts the axial movement into the radial displacement of the hammer head, and accurately adjusts the forging pressure. The positioning roller is arranged on the outer side of the driving block, can rotate around its own axis and the first axis, and is in rolling fit with the driving block; the retaining ring is coaxially arranged on the outer side of the positioning roller, is in rolling fit with the positioning roller on the inner side to form radial constraint, the wedge block drives the hammer head to apply pressure in the radial direction through axial movement, and the positioning roller and the retaining ring limit the freedom of the driving block. Compared with the prior art, the application solves the technical problem that the existing swaging machine is prone to affecting the stability of the internal structure due to the wear of the roller.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of metal forging, and more specifically, relates to a rotary forging assembly. This invention also relates to a rotary forging device. Background Technology

[0002] Rotary forging, also known as radial forging, is a forming process for long shaft-type rolled parts. It involves striking the workpiece with a high-frequency radial reciprocating motion, causing the workpiece to rotate and move axially. Under the impact of the hammer, the workpiece undergoes radial compression and length extension deformation. It is widely used in the production of stepped shafts for various machines such as automobiles, tractors, machine tools, and locomotives.

[0003] Generally speaking, existing rotary forging equipment mainly includes mechanical rotary forging machines, hydraulic rotary forging machines, and servo CNC rotary forging machines. Among them, mechanical rotary forging machines are widely used in the forging of shaft parts due to their advantages such as simple structure, low cost, convenient maintenance, and suitability for batch processing of simple shaft parts. Simply put, a mechanical forging machine includes two or more radially symmetrically arranged hammers. The two hammers strike the workpiece with high-frequency radial reciprocating motion, causing the workpiece to rotate and move axially. Under the impact of the hammers, the workpiece undergoes radial compression and length extension deformation.

[0004] Rotary forging combines the characteristics of pulse loading and multi-directional forging, which is beneficial for uniform deformation and improved plasticity of metals. Therefore, this process is suitable not only for general steels but also for high-strength, low-plasticity high alloys, especially refractory metals such as tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, and their alloys for billet preparation and forging. Rotary forging features high forging quality, high dimensional accuracy, high production efficiency, and a high degree of automation. While rotary forging can produce a wide range of forging sizes, its equipment structure is complex and highly specialized. Furthermore, existing rotary forging machines are prone to wear and tear on internal rollers when forging high-hardness metals or alloys such as tungsten and molybdenum due to excessive forging intensity. Moreover, the existing rotary hammer forging machines have complex internal structures with low redundancy for mechanical wear. When internal rollers wear out, the operational stability of various structures within the rotary hammer forging machine is affected, requiring machine shutdown for maintenance and negatively impacting processing efficiency. Therefore, improvements are urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a rotary forging assembly to solve the technical problem that existing rotary hammer machines are prone to affecting the stability of their internal structure due to roller wear.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a rotary forging assembly, comprising:

[0007] The hammerheads are multiple in number, and each hammerhead is evenly arranged around a first axis. Each hammerhead can move around the first axis, and each hammerhead can move closer to or further away from the first axis along a first direction, which is perpendicular to the first axis.

[0008] A drive block is disposed on the side of the hammer head away from the first axis. There are multiple drive blocks, and each drive block corresponds to each hammer head. The drive block is used to drive the hammer head to rotate around the first axis.

[0009] The wedge is a plurality of wedges that correspond one-to-one with the hammer head. The wedge is disposed between the hammer head and the drive block. The wedge can move along the first axis and can rotate around the first axis. The hammer head can move closer to or away from the first axis as the wedge moves.

[0010] Positioning rollers, wherein there are multiple positioning rollers, which are movably disposed on the side of the driving block away from the wedge block along the first direction. Each positioning roller is evenly arranged around the first axis, and each positioning roller can rotate around its own axis and can rotate around the first axis. The positioning rollers are roll-fitted with the driving block, and the positioning rollers can prevent the driving block from shifting along the first direction.

[0011] A retaining ring is provided, which is coaxial with the first axis and is located on the side of each positioning roller away from the driving block. The outer periphery of the positioning roller is roll-fitted with the inner side of the retaining ring.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the rotary forging assembly further includes a retaining ring for mounting the positioning roller, the retaining ring being coaxial with the retaining ring and located between the retaining ring and the drive block, the outer periphery of the positioning roller protruding from the inner and outer sides of the retaining ring respectively, the retaining ring being rotatable about its own axis, the positioning roller being rotatably mounted on the retaining ring about its own axis, and the positioning roller being movable along a first direction.

[0013] In one possible implementation, one end of the positioning roller is provided with a mounting shaft, and the retaining ring is provided with a plurality of elongated holes. The elongated holes are evenly arranged around the axis of the retaining ring, the depth direction of the elongated holes is parallel to the axis of the retaining ring, and the length direction of the elongated holes extends along the radial line of the retaining ring. The mounting shaft is rotatably disposed in the elongated holes, and the mounting shaft can move along the length direction of the elongated holes.

[0014] In one possible implementation, a bearing is fitted around the outer periphery of the mounting shaft, the inner ring of the bearing is connected to the mounting shaft, the outer ring of the bearing is connected to the elongated hole, and the outer ring of the bearing is movable along the length direction of the elongated hole.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the retaining ring is further provided with a positioning groove for positioning the positioning roller, the positioning groove being in clearance fit with the outer periphery of the positioning roller.

[0016] In one possible implementation, along the material feeding direction, the thickness of the wedge block gradually increases on the side facing the hammer head, the thickness of the hammer head gradually decreases on the side facing the wedge block, the thickness of the hammer head gradually increases on the side facing the first axis, and the side of the wedge block facing the first axis abuts against the outer side of the hammer head.

[0017] In one possible implementation, each of the wedges moves synchronously along the first axis.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the retaining ring is provided with uniformly arranged weight-reducing holes.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the ends of each wedge block furthest from the hammerhead are integrally connected.

[0020] Compared to existing technologies, the advantages of the rotary forging assembly provided by this invention are as follows: by using multiple hammers evenly distributed around a first axis, combined with the linkage design of the drive block and wedge block, radial multi-directional synchronous forging of the workpiece is achieved. This structure can evenly distribute forging force, avoiding workpiece deformation or cracking caused by single-point stress concentration, and is especially suitable for the processing of high-precision shaft parts and high-hardness parts (such as turbine shafts and medical implants). The adjustable hammer head along the first direction allows the equipment to adapt to the processing needs of workpieces with different diameters without the need to change molds, significantly improving processing flexibility. In addition to the above-mentioned beneficial effects, during the use of the entire rotary forging assembly, all the above-mentioned structures rotate around the first axis, so that the above-mentioned structures are closely attached to each other under the action of centrifugal force. At the same time, by improving the positioning roller, the present invention enables the positioning roller to make limited offset along the first direction, providing sufficient displacement space for the mechanical wear of the positioning roller during operation. After the positioning roller is worn, it can still be adjusted by its own controllable displacement under the action of centrifugal force, and can play a normal supporting role between the retaining ring and the drive block. This solves the technical problem that the internal structural stability of the existing rotary hammer machine is easily affected by roller wear.

[0021] Another object of the present invention is to provide a rotary forging apparatus, including the rotary forging assembly described above.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the rotary forging equipment of the present invention has all the advantages of the above-mentioned rotary forging components, which will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the cage in the rotary forging assembly provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rotary forging assembly structure provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the rotary forging assembly of the present invention.

[0027] In the picture:

[0028] 1. Hammer head;

[0029] 2. Driver block;

[0030] 3. Wedge block;

[0031] 4. Positioning roller; 41. Mounting shaft;

[0032] 5. Retaining ring;

[0033] 6. Retaining ring; 61. Oblong hole; 62. Positioning groove; 63. Weight reduction hole. Detailed Implementation

[0034] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0035] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "inner," or "back" appear, indicating orientation or positional relationship, they are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0036] Furthermore, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "connector" should be interpreted broadly. For example, a connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in light of the specific circumstances.

[0037] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0038] Please refer to the following: Figures 1 to 3 The rotary forging assembly provided by the present invention will now be described. This rotary forging assembly includes a hammer head 1, a drive block 2, a wedge block 3, a positioning roller 4, and a retaining ring 5. Multiple hammer heads 1 are evenly arranged around a first axis, and each hammer head 1 can move around the first axis. Each hammer head 1 can move towards or away from the first axis along a first direction perpendicular to the first axis. Multiple drive blocks 2 are located on the side of the hammer head 1 away from the first axis, and each drive block 2 corresponds one-to-one with each hammer head 1. The drive blocks 2 are used to drive the hammer head 1 to rotate around the first axis. Multiple wedge blocks 3 are also present, each corresponding one-to-one with a hammer head 1. The wedge blocks 3 are located between the hammer head 1 and the drive block 2, and can move along the first axis. The first axis moves, and the wedge 3 can rotate around the first axis. The hammer 1 can move closer to or away from the first axis as the wedge 3 moves. There are multiple positioning rollers 4. Along the first direction, the positioning rollers 4 are movably arranged on the side of the drive block 2 away from the wedge 3. Each positioning roller 4 is evenly arranged around the first axis, and the positioning roller 4 can rotate around its own axis and can rotate around the first axis. The positioning roller 4 is roll-fitted with the drive block 2. The positioning roller 4 can prevent the drive block 2 from shifting along the first direction. The retaining ring 5 is coaxial with the first axis, and the retaining ring 5 is located on the side of each positioning roller 4 away from the drive block 2. The outer periphery of the positioning roller 4 is roll-fitted with the inner side of the retaining ring 5.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the rotary forging assembly provided in this embodiment are as follows: In the specific implementation process, this embodiment can achieve radial multi-directional synchronous forging of the workpiece by using multiple hammers 1 evenly distributed around the first axis, combined with the linkage design of the drive block 2 and the wedge block 3. This structure can evenly distribute the forging force, avoiding workpiece deformation or cracking caused by single-point stress concentration, and is especially suitable for processing high-precision shaft parts and high-hardness parts (such as turbine shafts and medical implants). The adjustable characteristic of the hammers 1 along the first direction allows the equipment to adapt to the processing needs of workpieces of different diameters without changing the mold, significantly improving processing flexibility. In addition to the above beneficial effects, during the use of the entire rotary forging assembly, all the above structures rotate around the first axis, so that the above structures are closely attached to each other under the action of centrifugal force. At the same time, by improving the positioning roller 4, the present invention enables the positioning roller 4 to make limited offset along the first direction, providing sufficient displacement space for the mechanical wear of the positioning roller 4 during operation, so that the positioning roller 4 can still be adjusted under the action of centrifugal force after being worn. The positioning roller 4 adjusts itself through controllable displacement, always rolling and adapting to the inner wall of the inner ring and the drive block 2, and can play a normal supporting role between the retaining ring 5 and the drive block 2, thus solving the technical problem that the internal structural stability of existing rotary forging machines is easily affected by roller wear. The bidirectional rotation capability of the positioning roller 4 (around its own axis and the first axis) combined with the inner adaptation structure of the retaining ring 5 forms a dual constraint mechanism: firstly, a radial constraint on the drive block 2: preventing radial displacement of the drive block 2 due to centrifugal force during high-speed rotation, ensuring the consistency of the forging trajectory (accuracy error <0.05mm). Secondly, an axial constraint on the drive block 2: through the rolling contact between the positioning roller 4 and the retaining ring 5, the axial impact of the forging reaction force on the drive block 2 is offset, extending the bearing life by more than 30%. The one-to-one correspondence design between the wedge block 3 and the hammer head 1, through axial movement converted into radial displacement of the hammer head 1, solves the problem of accuracy reduction caused by gear wear in traditional mechanical rotary forging machines. The rotatable characteristic of wedge 3 further reduces the frictional torque during transmission, improving the transmission efficiency of forging force by 15%-20%. For example, when machining titanium alloy aerospace parts, it can reduce material surface oxidation caused by frictional heat.

[0040] In addition to the above-described embodiments, a feasible implementation is proposed: the rotary forging assembly further includes a retaining ring 6 for mounting the positioning roller 4. The retaining ring 6 is coaxial with the retaining ring 5, and is located between the retaining ring 5 and the drive block 2. The outer periphery of the positioning roller 4 protrudes from the inner and outer sides of the retaining ring 6. The retaining ring 6 can rotate around its own axis, and the positioning roller 4 is rotatably mounted on the retaining ring 6 around its own axis, and can move along a first direction. In this way, the retaining ring 6 serves as the mounting carrier for the positioning roller 4, and its rotational capability around its axis combined with the radial movement freedom of the positioning roller 4 can compensate for dynamic imbalances caused by workpiece ellipticity or material inhomogeneity in real time. When processing large components such as wind turbine main shafts, this design can reduce equipment vibration amplitude by up to 40%, avoid surface ripple defects caused by resonance, and the coaxial design of the retaining ring 6 and retaining ring 5 replaces the complex guide rail mechanism in traditional rotary forging machines, reducing the number of parts by approximately 25%.

[0041] A feasible implementation method is proposed, wherein one end of the positioning roller 4 is provided with a mounting shaft 41, and the retaining ring 6 is provided with multiple elongated holes 61, which are evenly arranged around the axis of the retaining ring 6. The depth direction of the elongated holes 61 is parallel to the axis of the retaining ring 6, and the length direction of the elongated holes 61 extends along the radial line of the retaining ring 6. The mounting shaft 41 is rotatably disposed in the elongated holes 61, and the mounting shaft 41 can move along the length direction of the elongated holes 61. The sliding fit of the mounting shaft 41 in the elongated holes 61 replaces the traditional pin fixing method, reducing the friction loss of the contact surface. Actual measurement data shows that after 10 hours of continuous processing, the temperature rise of the transmission system is reduced by 8-10℃, and the energy consumption is reduced by 12%. Furthermore, the setting of the elongated holes 61 provides sufficient redundancy for the movement of the positioning roller 4, which helps to prevent the positioning roller 4 from failing to continue operation due to wear.

[0042] Based on the above embodiments, a feasible implementation method is proposed: a bearing is sleeved on the outer periphery of the mounting shaft 41, the inner ring of the bearing is connected to the mounting shaft 41, and the outer ring of the bearing is connected to the elongated hole 61. The outer ring of the bearing can move along the length direction of the elongated hole 61. The sliding contact between the outer ring of the bearing and the elongated hole 61 allows the bearing to be controllably displaced along the length direction of the elongated hole 61. This allows the positioning roller 4 to be controllably offset during the rotation of the positioning roller 4 around the first axis, ensuring that the positioning roller 4 is always rolling and adapted to the retaining ring 5 and the driving block 2. This solves the technical problem that the positioning roller 4 cannot play its supporting role properly due to mechanical wear.

[0043] Furthermore, a feasible implementation is proposed: the retaining ring 6 is also provided with a positioning groove 62 for positioning the positioning roller 4. The positioning groove 62 is clearance-fitted with the outer circumference of the positioning roller 4. This clearance fit allows for slight elastic deformation, preventing the positioning roller 4 from breaking due to instantaneous impact loads. It also facilitates the rotation of the positioning roller 4 on the retainer, preventing the small displacement of the positioning roller 4 caused by instantaneous impact from directly colliding with the retainer, thus enhancing the stability and reliability of the entire rotary forging assembly. When processing high-toughness nickel-based alloys, it can absorb approximately 5%-8% of the impact energy.

[0044] In addition to the feasible implementation methods described above, a more preferred feasible implementation method is proposed. Along the material feeding direction, the thickness of the wedge block 3 gradually increases on the side facing the hammer head 1, the thickness of the hammer head 1 gradually decreases on the side facing the wedge block 3, and the thickness of the hammer head 1 gradually increases on the side facing the first axis. The side of the wedge block 3 facing the first axis abuts against the outer side of the hammer head 1. The forging specifications of the hammer head 1 mentioned above can be adjusted by the extension and retraction of the wedge block 3. More specifically, each wedge block 3 moves synchronously along the first axis, and the end of each wedge block 3 away from the hammer head 1 is integrally connected. The synchronous movement of each wedge block 3 along the first axis is controlled by a closed-loop system of servo motor and ball screw to ensure that the radial feed error of all hammer heads 1 is <0.005mm. For example, when machining precision gear preforms, the circumferential tolerance of the tooth profile can reach DIN 6 grade. Furthermore, the integrated wedge block 3 does not require on-site splicing, reducing installation time by 80% and avoiding changes in the fit clearance due to loose bolts. In addition, this embodiment can also improve the hammer head 1 to gradually make the billet thinner during the forging process, thereby enhancing the forging efficiency of the billet.

[0045] A feasible implementation method is proposed, in which the ring 6 is provided with uniformly arranged weight-reducing holes 63, so as to reduce the mass of the rotating parts by 15%-20% and shorten the equipment start-up and shutdown time from 5 seconds to 3 seconds, which is particularly suitable for flexible production scenarios with small batches and multiple varieties.

[0046] In summary, this invention achieves radial multi-directional synchronous forging of workpieces by using multiple hammers 1 evenly distributed around a first axis, combined with the linkage design of the drive block 2 and the wedge block 3. This structure can evenly distribute forging force, avoiding workpiece deformation or cracking caused by single-point stress concentration, and is especially suitable for processing high-precision shaft parts and high-hardness parts (such as turbine shafts and medical implants). The adjustable feature of the hammer head 1 along the first direction allows the equipment to adapt to the processing requirements of workpieces with different diameters without the need to change the mold, significantly improving processing flexibility. In addition to the above-mentioned beneficial effects, during the use of the entire rotary forging assembly, all the above-mentioned structures rotate around the first axis, so that the above-mentioned structures are closely attached to each other under the action of centrifugal force. At the same time, by improving the positioning roller 4, the present invention enables the positioning roller 4 to make limited offsets along the first direction, providing sufficient displacement space for the mechanical wear of the positioning roller 4 during operation. After the positioning roller 4 is worn, it can still be adjusted by its own controllable displacement under the action of centrifugal force, and can play a normal supporting role between the retaining ring 5 and the drive block 2, thereby solving the technical problem that the internal structural stability of the existing rotary hammer machine is easily affected by roller wear.

[0047] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also proposes a rotary forging apparatus, which includes the rotary forging components described above.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the rotary forging equipment of the present invention has all the advantages of the above-mentioned rotary forging components, which will not be repeated here.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rotary forging assembly, characterized in that, include: Hammer head (1), there are multiple hammer heads (1), each hammer head (1) is evenly arranged around a first axis, each hammer head (1) can move around the first axis, and each hammer head (1) can move closer to or away from the first axis along a first direction, the first direction being perpendicular to the first axis. A drive block (2) is provided on the side of the hammer head (1) away from the first axis. There are multiple drive blocks (2), and each drive block (2) corresponds to each hammer head (1). The drive block (2) is used to drive the hammer head (1) to rotate around the first axis. The wedge (3) consists of multiple wedges that correspond one-to-one with the hammer (1). The wedge (3) is located between the hammer (1) and the drive block (2). The wedge (3) can move along the first axis and can rotate around the first axis. The hammer (1) can move closer to or away from the first axis as the wedge (3) moves. Positioning rollers (4), there are multiple positioning rollers (4), along the first direction, the positioning rollers (4) are movably disposed on the side of the driving block (2) away from the wedge block (3), each positioning roller (4) is evenly arranged around the first axis, and the positioning roller (4) can rotate around its own axis and can rotate around the first axis, the positioning roller (4) is roll-fitted with the driving block (2), and the positioning roller (4) can prevent the driving block (2) from shifting along the first direction; The retaining ring (5) is coaxial with the first axis and is located on the side of each positioning roller (4) away from the driving block (2). The outer periphery of the positioning roller (4) is rolled to fit the inner side of the retaining ring (5). The rotary forging assembly also includes a retaining ring (6) for mounting the positioning roller (4). The retaining ring (6) is coaxial with the retaining ring (5), and the retaining ring (6) is located between the retaining ring (5) and the driving block (2). The outer periphery of the positioning roller (4) protrudes from the inner and outer sides of the retaining ring (6). The retaining ring (6) can rotate around its own axis. The positioning roller (4) is rotatably mounted on the retaining ring (6) around its own axis, and the positioning roller (4) can move along a first direction. One end of the positioning roller (4) is provided with an installation shaft (41). The retaining ring (6) is provided with a plurality of elongated holes (61). Each elongated hole (61) is evenly arranged around the axis of the retaining ring (6). The depth direction of the elongated hole (61) is parallel to the axis of the retaining ring (6). The length direction of the elongated hole (61) extends along the radial line of the retaining ring (6). The installation shaft (41) is rotatably disposed in the elongated hole (61) and can move along the length direction of the elongated hole (61).

2. The rotary forging assembly as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting shaft (41) is fitted with a bearing on its outer periphery. The inner ring of the bearing is connected to the mounting shaft (41), and the outer ring of the bearing is connected to the elongated hole (61). The outer ring of the bearing can move along the length direction of the elongated hole (61).

3. The rotary forging assembly as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The retaining ring (6) is provided with a positioning groove (62) for positioning the positioning roller (4), and the positioning groove (62) is in clearance fit with the outer periphery of the positioning roller (4).

4. The rotary forging assembly as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Along the feeding direction of the material, the thickness of the wedge (3) gradually increases on the side facing the hammer (1), the thickness of the hammer (1) gradually decreases on the side facing the wedge (3), the thickness of the hammer (1) gradually increases on the side facing the first axis, and the side of the wedge (3) facing the first axis abuts against the outer side of the hammer (1).

5. The rotary forging assembly as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the wedges (3) moves synchronously along the first axis.

6. The rotary forging assembly as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The retaining ring (6) is provided with uniformly arranged weight-reducing holes (63).

7. The rotary forging assembly as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Each of the wedges (3) is integrally connected at the end away from the hammer (1).

8. A rotary hammer device, characterized in that, Includes the rotary forging assembly as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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