Methods, architectures, apparatuses, and systems for unlicensed spectrum operation with massively distributed MIMO

Abstract

Processes, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, apparatuses, and computer program products for unlicensed spectrum operation in massively distributed MIMO. A wireless transmit-receive unit (WTRU) may perform adaptive unlicensed operations and procedures for massively distributed MIMO. The WTRU may be (pre) configured with information about a plurality of TRP / TCIs for unlicensed spectrum operation. The WTRU may determine a degree of channel uncertainty. The WTRU may determine the determined TRP-TCI group and a TRP-TCI set within the TRP-TCI group, and may report the LBT status of the determined TRP-TCI set to the network. After reporting, the WTRU may receive an indication of a scheduling resource for the determined TRP-TCI set, and may receive a PDSCH or PUSCH transmission according to the indicated scheduling resource.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 394,712, filed on August 3, 2022, which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to the fields of communications, software, and coding, including, for example, methods, architectures, apparatuses, and systems for unlicensed spectrum operations. Background Art

[0004] The present disclosure relates generally to the fields of communications, software, and coding, including, for example, methods, architectures, apparatuses, and systems for unlicensed spectrum operations with massively distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). Summary of the invention

[0005] Embodiments of the method are disclosed as described hereinafter and as claimed in the appended claims.

[0006] Embodiments of a wireless transmit-receive unit WTRU are disclosed as described hereinafter and as claimed in the accompanying claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] A more detailed understanding may be obtained from the following detailed description given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings thereof. As with the detailed description, the figures in such drawings are examples. Therefore, the accompanying drawings (figures) and detailed description should not be considered limiting, and other equally effective examples are possible and possible. In addition, like reference numerals ("ref.") in the figures indicate similar elements, and wherein:

[0008] Figure 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system;

[0009] Figure 1B It is a diagram that can be Figure 1A A system diagram of an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) for use within a communication system as illustrated in FIG.

[0010] Figure 1C It is a diagram that can be Figure 1A A system diagram of an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) used within the communication system illustrated in FIG.

[0011] Figure 1D It is a diagram that can be Figure 1A A system diagram of an additional example RAN and an additional example CN used within the communication system illustrated in FIG.

[0012] Figure 2is an embodiment of a method for large-scale TRP operation;

[0013] Figure 3 is an embodiment of a method for large-scale TRP diversity transmission to cope with channel uncertainty;

[0014] Figure 4 Depicting an embodiment of a large-scale TRP operation indicator table (Table 1), an embodiment of a large-scale TRP operation indicator table using CORESETPoolIndex (Table 2), and an embodiment of a large-scale TCI operation indicator table (Table 3);

[0015] Figure 5 Depicting an embodiment of a large-scale TCI operation indicator table (joint) (Table 4) and an embodiment of a large-scale LBT operation indicator table (Table 5);

[0016] Figure 6 Depicting an embodiment of a large-scale LBT operation and interference indicator table (Table 6) and an embodiment of a large-scale TRP LBT operation indicator table (Table 7);

[0017] Figure 7 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method of adaptive LBT mode operation;

[0018] Figure 8 is a flow chart of another embodiment of a method for adaptive LBT mode operation;

[0019] Fig. 9 is an embodiment of a large-scale LBT operation mode 1 table (Table 8), and an embodiment of a large-scale LBT operation mode 2 table (Table 9);

[0020] Fig.10 are an embodiment of a large-scale TRP indicator table (Table 10), an embodiment of a large-scale TRP indicator table using CORESETPoolIndex (Table 11), an embodiment of a hierarchical TRP group (TRPG) indicator table (Table 12), and an embodiment of a hierarchical TRP indicator table in a TRP group (Table 13);

[0021] Fig.11 is an embodiment of a hierarchical CORESET pool group (CORESETPoolGRP) indicator table (Table 14), and an embodiment of a hierarchical CORESET pool indicator table in a CORESET pool group (CORESETPoolGRP) (Table 15);

[0022] Fig.12 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method of adaptive TRP / TCI operation;

[0023] Fig.13is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method of TDRA mode operation (indication);

[0024] Fig.14 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method of TDRA mode operation (activation);

[0025] Fig.15 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method of TDRA mode operation (indication / activation);

[0026] Fig.16 is an embodiment of a large-scale MBT operation RB set 1 table (Table 16), and an embodiment of a large-scale LBT operation RB set 2 table (Table 17);

[0027] Fig.17 is an embodiment of a large-scale availability indication RB set 1 table (Table 18), and an embodiment of a large-scale availability indication RB set 2 table (Table 19);

[0028] Fig.18 is an embodiment of a large-scale LBT confirmed RB set 1 table (Table 20), and an embodiment of a large-scale LBT confirmed RB set 2 table (Table 21);

[0029] Fig.19 is a sequence diagram of an embodiment of a method for adaptive unlicensed spectrum operation;

[0030] Fig. 20 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method of adaptive LBT mode operation;

[0031] Fig.21 is a flow chart of another embodiment of a method for adaptive LBT mode operation;

[0032] Fig. 22 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for efficient adaptive unlicensed spectrum operation of massively distributed MIMO with a large number of TRPs;

[0033] Fig.23 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for efficient adaptive unlicensed spectrum operation of massively distributed MIMO with a large number of TRPs and beams;

[0034] FIG24 is a flow chart of another embodiment of a method for efficient adaptive unlicensed spectrum operation of massively distributed MIMO with a large number of TRPs and beams;

[0035] Fig.25 is a flow chart of yet another embodiment of a method for efficient adaptive unlicensed spectrum operation of massively distributed MIMO with a large number of TRPs and beams;

[0036] Fig.26is a flow chart of a method implemented by a WTRU in a network according to an embodiment;

[0037] Fig. 27 is a flow chart of a method implemented by a WTRU in a network according to an embodiment; and

[0038] Fig.28 is a flow chart of a method implemented by a WTRU in a network according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In the following detailed description, many specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments and / or examples disclosed herein. However, it will be understood that such embodiments and examples can be put into practice without some or all of the specific details set forth herein. In other cases, well-known methods, processes, components and circuits have not yet been described in detail to avoid blurring the following description. In addition, the embodiments and examples not specifically described herein may be put into practice in place of the embodiments and other examples explicitly, implicitly and / or inherently described, disclosed or otherwise provided (collectively referred to as "providing") herein, or in combination with the embodiments and examples. Although various embodiments are described and / or claimed herein, wherein devices, systems, equipment, etc. and / or any of its elements perform operations, processes, algorithms, functions, etc. and / or any part thereof, it is to be understood that any embodiments described and / or claimed herein assume that any device, system, equipment, etc. and / or any of its elements are configured to perform any operations, processes, algorithms, functions, etc. and / or any part thereof.

[0040] Abbreviations and acronyms

[0041] CORESET Control Resource Set

[0042] MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output

[0043] UE User Equipment, see WTRU

[0044] WTRU Wireless Transmit-Receive Unit, see UE

[0045] Example Communication System

[0046] The methods, devices, and systems provided herein are well suited for communications involving both wired and wireless networks. Figures 1A to 1D An overview of various types of wireless devices and infrastructure is provided, wherein various elements of the network may utilize, perform, be arranged according to, and / or be adapted and / or configured for the methods, apparatuses, and systems provided herein.

[0047] Figure 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc. to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through sharing of system resources (including wireless bandwidth). For example, the communication system 100 may employ one or more channel access methods such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero tail (ZT) unique word (UW) discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-sOFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block filtered OFDM, filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC), and the like.

[0048] like Figure 1A As shown in FIG, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104 / 113, a core network (CN) 106 / 115, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110 and other networks 112, however, it will be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d (any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or “STA”) may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include (or may be) a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smart phone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable device, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or automated process chain environment), a consumer electronic device, a device operating on a commercial and / or industrial wireless network, and the like. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0049] The communication system 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device that is configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to, for example, facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or the network 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be any of a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node-B (NB), an eNode-B (eNB), a home Node-B (HNB), a home eNode-B (HeNB), a gNode-B (gNB), an NRNode-B (NRNB), a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. Although the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0050] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), a relay node, etc. The base station 114a and / or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as cells (not shown). These frequencies may be in a licensed spectrum, an unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage of wireless services to a specific geographic area, which may be relatively fixed or may change over time. The cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, a cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Therefore, in an embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one transceiver for each sector of the cell. In an embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each or any sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in a desired spatial direction.

[0051] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0052] More specifically, as noted above, the communication system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 / 113 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may use Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) to establish the air interface 116. WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0053] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or Advanced LTE (LTE-A) and / or Advanced LTE Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0054] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR radio access, which may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).

[0055] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for example using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface utilized by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0056] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), GSM Enhanced Data Rates for Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.

[0057] Figure 1A The base station 114b in may be, for example, a wireless router, a home Node-B, a home eNode-B, or an access point, and may utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a local area, such as a business location, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a road, and the like. In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish any of a microcell, a picocell, or a femtocell. As Figure 1A As shown in FIG, base station 114b may have a direct connection to Internet 110. Therefore, base station 114b may not need to access Internet 110 via CN 106 / 115.

[0058] The RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with the CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have different quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, delay requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, prepaid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Although not described in detail in the specification, the CN 106 / 115 may be configured to provide voice, data, applications and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. Figure 1AAlthough not shown in the figure, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which may utilize NR radio technology, the CN 106 / 115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) that employs any of GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or Wi-Fi radio technologies.

[0059] The CN 106 / 115 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network that provides plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or the Internet Protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP Internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 114 or a different RAT.

[0060] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communication system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks via different wireless links). Figure 1A The WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1 may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0061] Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. Figure 1B As shown in FIG. 1 , the WTRU 102 may include, among other things, a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other elements / peripherals 138. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0062] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. Although Figure 1B The processor 118 and the transceiver 120 are depicted as separate components, but it will be understood that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together, for example, in an electronic package or chip.

[0063] The transmission / reception element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to or receive signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via an air interface 116. For example, in an embodiment, the transmission / reception element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In an embodiment, the transmission / reception element 122 may be a transmitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive, for example, IR, UV, or visible light signals. In an embodiment, the transmission / reception element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF signals and optical signals. It will be appreciated that the transmission / reception element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0064] Although the transmit / receive element 122 Figure 1B 102 as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. For example, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0065] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate signals to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers to enable the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11, for example.

[0066] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to and may receive user input data from a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in any type of suitable memory, such as a non-removable memory 130 and / or a removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in a memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0067] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and / or control power to the other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0068] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to or in lieu of the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) over the air interface 116 and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0069] The processor 118 may be further coupled to other components / peripherals 138, which may include one or more software modules / units and / or hardware modules / units that provide additional features, functionality, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the components / peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (e.g., for photos and / or videos), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, Modules, frequency modulation (FM) radio units, digital music players, media players, video game player modules, Internet browsers, virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) devices, activity trackers, and the like. Components / peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be one or more of the following: gyroscopes, accelerometers, Hall effect sensors, magnetometers, orientation sensors, proximity sensors, temperature sensors, time sensors; geolocation sensors; altimeters, light sensors, touch sensors, magnetometers, barometers, gesture sensors, biometric sensors, and / or humidity sensors.

[0070] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for both uplink (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit for reducing and / or substantially eliminating self-interference via hardware (e.g., a choke) or via signal processing performed by a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via the processor 118). In an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for both uplink (e.g., for transmission) or downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous.

[0071] Figure 1C 1 is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 in accordance with an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0072] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In an embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNode-B 160a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.

[0073] Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in the uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL), and the like. Figure 1C As shown in FIG. , the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with each other via an X2 interface.

[0074] Figure 1C The CN 106 shown in FIG. 1 may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PGW) 166. Although each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0075] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0076] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring the user plane during inter-eNode-B handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing the context of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0077] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0078] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include, or may be in communication with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0079] Although the WTRU Figures 1A-1D Although described as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments, such a terminal may (eg, temporarily or permanently) employ a wired communications interface with a communications network.

[0080] In a representative embodiment, other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0081] A WLAN in an infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for a BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access or an interface to a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic to and / or carries traffic away from the BSS. Traffic originating from outside the BSS and directed to the STA may arrive through the AP and may be delivered to the STA. Traffic originating from the STA and directed to a destination outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be delivered to the corresponding destination. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be sent through the AP, for example, where the source STA may send traffic to the AP, and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be considered and / or referred to as point-to-point traffic. Point-to-point traffic may be sent between the source and destination STAs (e.g., directly between them) using direct link establishment (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z tunnel DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and STAs (eg, all STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode may sometimes be referred to herein as an "ad-hoc" communication mode.

[0082] When using the 802.11ac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operation, the AP may transmit beacons on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., a 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a width dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel may be an operating channel of the BSS and may be used by the STA to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, carrier sense multiple access / collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented, for example, in an 802.11 system. For CSMA / CA, a STA (e.g., each STA) (including the AP) may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0083] High throughput (HT) STAs may communicate using a 40 MHz wide channel, for example, via a combination of a primary 20 MHz channel and adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channels to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0084] Very high throughput (VHT) STA can support 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz and / or 160MHz wide channels. 40MHz and / or 80MHz channels can be formed by combining continuous 20MHz channels. A 160MHz channel can be formed by combining 8 continuous 20MHz channels, or by combining two non-continuous 80MHz channels (this can be called 80+80 configuration). For the 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, the data can pass through a segment parser that can divide the data into two streams. Each stream can be separately processed by inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) and time domain processing. These streams can be mapped to two 80MHz channels, and data can be transmitted by transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the above-mentioned operation for the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be sent to the medium access control (MAC) layer, entity, etc.

[0085] 802.11af and 802.11ah support operating modes below 1 GHz. Channel operating bandwidths and carriers are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah relative to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5MHz, 10MHz, and 20MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11ah supports 1MHz, 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, and 16MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah may support meter type control / machine type communication (MTC), such as MTC devices in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, such as limited capabilities, including support for (e.g., only support for) certain bandwidths and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices may include batteries with battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain very long battery life).

[0086] WLAN systems that can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah include channels that can be designated as primary channels. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and / or limited by a STA (which supports the minimum bandwidth operating mode) from all STAs operating in the BSS. In the example of 802.11ah, for STAs (e.g., MTC-type devices) that support (e.g., only support) 1MHz mode, the primary channel may be 1MHz wide, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, 16MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or network allocation vector (NAV) settings may depend on the state of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, because a STA (supporting only the 1MHz operating mode) is transmitting to the AP, the entire available frequency band may be considered busy even if most of the frequency bands remain idle and may be available.

[0087] In the United States, the available frequency bands for 802.11ah are 902MHz to 928MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency bands are 917.5MHz to 923.5MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are 916.5MHz to 927.5MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is 6MHz to 26MHz, depending on the country code.

[0088] Figure 1D 1 is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115 in accordance with an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 113 may employ NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 113 may also be in communication with the CN 115.

[0089] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, the gNBs 180a, 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. Thus, the gNB 180a may, for example, use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit a plurality of component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on an unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be on a licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement a coordinated multi-point (CoMP) technique. For example, the WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from the gNB 180a and the gNB 180b (and / or the gNB 180c).

[0090] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with scalable numerologies. For example, OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of varying or scalable lengths (e.g., including varying numbers of OFDM symbols and / or continuously varying absolute time lengths).

[0091] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also not accessing other RANs (e.g., such as the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c). In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may use one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as mobility anchor points. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate or be connected with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating or being connected with other RANs, such as the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement the DC principle to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In a non-standalone configuration, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as mobility anchors for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for serving the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0092] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in UL and / or DL, support of network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards a user plane function (UPF) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards an access and mobility management function (AMF) 182a, 182b, and the like. Figure 1D As shown in , gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can communicate with each other via the Xn interface.

[0093] Figure 1DThe CN 115 shown in FIG. 1 may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one session management function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and at least one data network (DN) 185a, 185b. Although each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 115, it will be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0094] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via the N2 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, support of network slicing (e.g., handling of different protocol data unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting a specific SMF 183a, 183b, management of registration areas, termination of NAS signaling, mobility management, and the like. The AMF 182a, 182b may use network slicing to customize CN support for the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, for example, based on the type of services used by the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases, such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for MTC access, and / or the like. The AMF 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies, such as Wi-Fi.

[0095] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to the AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 115 via the N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to the UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 115 via the N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b, and configure traffic routing through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notifications, and the like. The PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, and the like.

[0096] The UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via the N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, for example, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.

[0097] The CN 115 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include or may communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In an embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to a local data network (DN) 185a, 185b via an N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a, 185b.

[0098] Given that Figures 1A-1D as well as Figures 1A-1D , one or more or all of the functions described herein with reference to any of the following may be performed by one or more simulation elements / devices (not shown): WTRU 102a-102d, base station 114a-114b, eNode-B 160a-160c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-180c, AMF 182a-182b, UPF 184a-184b, SMF 183a-183b, DN 185a-185b and / or any other element / device described herein. A simulation device may be one or more devices configured to mimic one or more or all of the functions described herein. For example, a simulation device may be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0099] The simulation device may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a laboratory environment and / or an operator network environment. For example, the one or more simulation devices may perform one or more or all functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network. The one or more simulation devices may perform one or more functions or all functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The simulation device may be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or may use over-the-air wireless communications to perform testing.

[0100] The one or more simulation devices can perform one or more (including all) functions without being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the simulation device can be used in a test scenario in a test laboratory and / or a non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communication network to implement testing of one or more components. The one or more simulation devices can be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication performed via an RF circuit system (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) can be used by the simulation device to transmit and / or receive data.

[0101] introduce

[0102] Methods for unlicensed spectrum operation and transmission configuration indication (TCI) for massive distributed MIMO and massive transmission and reception points (TRP) are disclosed. According to an embodiment, a WTRU may perform adaptive operations and procedures for unlicensed massive distributed MIMO (MD-MIMO). The WTRU may be configured for multiple sets / modes of, for example, TRP / TCI, resources, time domain resource allocation (TDRA) tables (for MD-MIMO unlicensed spectrum operation).

[0103] In the following, high and low, small and large, fast and slow, such as, for example, low or high channel uncertainty, fast or slow evolving channel conditions, small or large sets, are relative to thresholds or ranges. For example, a threshold may be defined at x, and a channel uncertainty below x is considered to be a low channel uncertainty, while a channel uncertainty above x is considered to be a high channel uncertainty. x may be included or excluded, for example, a low channel uncertainty may be represented by a value below x but including x, or by a value below x but not including x, while a high channel uncertainty may be represented by a value above x (including x or excluding x). x may be an absolute value, such as 1, 100, -250.345, or 0, or a range of values, such as 1-5, 100-200, -250.345 to -215.100. x may be preset, preconfigured, or received as configuration information.

[0104] In the following, for example, if the increase in interference measured within a configured time window or period is higher than a threshold, it is determined that the channel condition changes rapidly, otherwise, if the increase in interference measured within the configured time window or period is not higher than the threshold, it is determined that the channel does not change rapidly, or the like. The same applies to other types of parameters, such as the channel uncertainty discussed above.

[0105] The WTRU may perform the following operations:

[0106] Receive resource availability indications such as TRP / TCI status, resource blocks (RBs), etc.;

[0107] Use the indicated TRP / TCI set, e.g., a large TRP / TCI set for high channel uncertainty and a small TRP / TCI set for low channel uncertainty;

[0108] If LBT status reporting is enabled, report the Listen Before Talk (LBT) status on the indicated TRP / TCI set and receive scheduling information of resources such as TRP / TCI status, RB, etc.; or,

[0109] If LBT status reporting is not enabled or disabled, the previously indicated resources are used as scheduling resources for the TRP / TCI state;

[0110] Receive scheduling information of RB resources;

[0111] If the TDRA mode with activation / indication is enabled or indicated, then using the indicated TDRA table from the subset of activated TDRA tables; or

[0112] If the TDRA mode with indication is enabled or indicated, the indicated TDRA table in the (pre-)configured TDRA table set is used;

[0113] In case of downlink, receiving the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) with scheduling information (e.g., TRP / TCI status(es), RB, TDRA, etc.); or

[0114] In the uplink case, the (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) PUSCH is transmitted using scheduling information (e.g. (one or more) TRP / TCI states, RBs, TDRA, etc.).

[0115] According to another embodiment, the WTRU may perform adaptive unlicensed operations and procedures for massive distributed MIMO. The WTRU may be (pre-)configured with multiple TRPs / TCIs ​​(for unlicensed spectrum operation). The WTRU may perform the following operations:

[0116] Receives an indication of which TRP / TCI states to use, and:

[0117] determining a degree of channel uncertainty, for example, the channel uncertainty may be determined based on, for example, a ratio of NACKs to ACKs, LBT failures, or the like, and

[0118] If the channel uncertainty is determined to be high, the LBT state is reported using one of the code points for the LBT state (e.g., see Figure 5 Table 5, "codepoint" can be 1, 2, 3 or 4 pointing to the state of P-TCI and S-TCI, so "codepoint" can be "table index" or "codepoint index" or "index"); receive further indication of which TRP / TCI to use, or

[0119] If the channel uncertainty is determined to be low, then the LBT status is not reported. Use all indicated TRP / TCI status;

[0120] Receive PDSCH or transmit PUSCH using the indicated TRP / TCI.

[0121] According to yet another embodiment, the WTRU may perform adaptive unlicensed operations and procedures for massive distributed MIMO. The WTRU may be (pre)configured with multiple TRPs / TCIs ​​(for unlicensed spectrum operation). The WTRU may perform the following operations:

[0122] receiving an indication of which TRP / TCI states to use;

[0123] Determine the degree of channel uncertainty, for example, the channel uncertainty can be determined based on, for example, the ratio of NACK to ACK, LBT failure, or the like, and report the channel uncertainty to the gNB.

[0124] If the channel uncertainty is determined to be high, receiving an indication to use a large TRP / TCI state set; or,

[0125] If the channel uncertainty is determined to be low, receiving an indication to use a small TRP / TCI state set;

[0126] receiving an indication of a TRP / TCI state using a determined TRP / TCI set;

[0127] Use the indicated TRP / TCI to receive PDSCH or transmit PUSCH.

[0128] According to yet another embodiment, the WTRU may perform adaptive unlicensed operations and procedures for massive distributed MIMO. The WTRU may be (pre)configured with multiple TRPs / TCIs ​​(for unlicensed spectrum operation). The WTRU may perform the following operations:

[0129] Receive TCI configuration;

[0130] Receive indication of TRP / TCI status, availability of resources such as RBs, etc.;

[0131] Use the LBT status code point to report the LBT status and interference level or to report the LBT status without reporting the interference level;

[0132] Receive resource scheduling information such as TRP / TCI status, RB, TDRA, etc.;

[0133] Using scheduling information (e.g., (one or more) TRP / TCI states, RBs, TDRA, etc.), PDSCH is received in the downlink case or PUSCH is transmitted in the uplink case.

[0134] Overview

[0135] In 5GNR, the Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) framework has been introduced. In NR Rel-17 or earlier versions, unified TCI for a single transmission and reception point (TRP) is supported. For non-uniform TCI, only up to two TRP operations are supported, and coherent joint transmission between TRPs is not supported. Only up to two TCI status indications with one TCI code point are supported. Only the frequency ranges of FR1 and FR2 are supported.

[0136] For multi-TRP operation, NR Rel-15 supports dynamic TRP selection. It also supports mobility measurements for multi-beam / multi-TRP deployments (up to 64 SSBs per cell). In Rel-16, multi-TRP transmission of PDSCH for eMBB is supported. In addition, multi-TRP diversity for URLLC is supported. Multi-TRP operation is based on two TRPs. In Rel-17, inter-cell multi-TRP operation is supported. Rel-17 introduces inter-cell multi-TPR operation without switching. Multi-TRP repetition is supported for PDCCH, PUCCH and PUSCH.

[0137] The CSI-RS framework was introduced in 5G NR. Rel-15 supports CSI interference measurement based on (zero power) ZP-CSI-RS (e.g., CSI-IM resources) and / or (non-zero power) NZP-CSI-RS resources and Type-II codebooks for high-resolution CSI feedback. Rel-16 supports enhancements to the Type-II codebook. Rel-17 supports CSI enhancements for multi-TRP non-coherent joint transmission (NCJT). Further enhancements to the Type-II codebook are also supported.

[0138] To support a wide range of services, the 5G NR system is designed to be flexible enough to meet the connectivity requirements of a range of existing and future (as yet unknown) services so that it can be deployed in an efficient manner. In particular, NR considers supporting potential use of frequency ranges up to 100 GHz.

[0139] The NR specifications, which have been developed in Rel-15 and Rel-16, define operation at frequencies up to 52.6 GHz, with all physical layer channels, signals, procedures and protocols designed to be optimized for use below 52.6 GHz.

[0140] However, compared to lower frequency bands, frequencies above 52.6 GHz face more difficult challenges, such as higher phase noise, greater propagation losses due to high atmospheric absorption, lower power amplifier efficiency, and strong power spectral density regulatory requirements in unlicensed bands. In addition, the frequency range above 52.6 GHz may contain larger spectrum allocations and larger bandwidths that are not available for bands below 52.6 GHz.

[0141] As an initial effort to enable and optimize 3GPP NR systems to operate above 52.6 GHz, 3GPP RAN has studied the requirements for NR above 52.6 GHz up to 114.25 GHz, including global spectrum availability and regulatory requirements (including channelization and licensing regimes), potential use cases and deployment scenarios, and considerations on top of NR system design requirements and regulatory requirements. Potential use cases identified in the study include high data rate eMBB, mobile data offload, short-range high data rate D2D communications, broadband distribution networks, integrated access backhaul (IAB), factory automation, industrial IoT (IIoT), wireless display transmission, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) wearables, intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and V2X, data center rack-to-rack connectivity, smart grid automation, private networks, and support for high positioning accuracy. The use cases span several deployment scenarios identified in the study. Deployment scenarios include, but are not limited to, indoor hotspots, dense urban, urban micro, urban macro, rural, factorhall, and indoor D2D scenarios. The study also identified several system design requirements around waveforms, MIMO operation, device power consumption, channelization, bandwidth, range, availability, connectivity, spectrum regulatory considerations, and others.

[0142] Of the frequencies of interest, those between 52.6 GHz and 71 GHz are of particular interest in the near term, relatively speaking, because of their proximity to frequencies below 52.6 GHz, for which current NR systems are optimized, and imminent commercial opportunities for high data rate communications, e.g., unlicensed spectrum between 57 GHz and 71 GHz, as well as licensed spectrum.

[0143] NR Rel-15 defines two frequency ranges of operation:

[0144] FR1 spans from 410MHz to 7.125GHz; and

[0145] FR2 spans from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz.

[0146] The proximity of this frequency range (57-71 GHz) to FR2 and the imminent commercial opportunities for high data rate communications make it imperative for 3GPP to address NR operation in this frequency range. In order to minimize the regulatory burden and maximize the leverage of FR2-based implementations, 3GPP has decided to extend FR2 operation to 71 GHz by adopting one or more new parameter sets (i.e., larger subcarrier spacing). The new parameter set or sets will be determined through research on waveforms for NR>52.6 GHz. The procedures defined by NR-U for operation in unlicensed spectrum will also be used for operation in the unlicensed 60 GHz band. Considering both licensed and unlicensed operations, NR operation can support up to 71 GHz, similar to conventional NR and NR-U operation below 52.6 GHz, and NR / NR-U operation from 52.6 GHz to 71 GHz can be independent or aggregated with anchor carriers via CA or DC.

[0147] In Release-16 Unlicensed New Radio (NR-U), the supported parameter sets (i.e., SCS) can be set to 15, 30, and 60 KHz, respectively. In Release-16 NR-U, the listen-before-talk (LBT) bandwidth is set to 20 MHz. Based on the minimum LBT bandwidth that must be supported, the DL initial bandwidth part (BWP) is nominally 20 MHz for Rel-16 NR-U. The maximum supported channel bandwidth is set to 100 MHz. The WTRU channel bandwidth (or activated BWP) can be set to an integer multiple of the LBT bandwidth (i.e., 20 MHz). For example, for SCS=30 KHz, the total allocated PRB numbers for 20 MHz, 40 MHz, and 80 MHz bandwidths are equal to 48, 102, and 214, respectively.

[0148] Due to WTRU mobility, the WTRU can move across multiple TRPs and / or multiple beams, and can be connected to multiple TRPs at the same time. Each TRP can adopt ultra-large-scale MIMO that can form a large number of beams. In unlicensed spectrum, channel uncertainty exists. Before the channel can be accessed, listen before talk (LBT) needs to be performed. If the channel is busy or unavailable, the WTRU and / or TRP may not be able to access the channel and perform transmission. Methods for efficient unlicensed operation of large-scale TRPs and beams are needed to support large-scale distributed MIMO deployments in unlicensed spectrum. Consideration should be given to how to accommodate all necessary TCI information and cope with channel uncertainty in unlicensed spectrum for large-scale TRPs and beams, minimize signaling overhead and enhance performance.

[0149] Representative examples of methods for data transmission and reception of unlicensed massively distributed MIMO

[0150] In a high-density network, in a massive distributed MIMO scenario, a WTRU may be connected to a massive TRP. The WTRU may receive data from a massive TRP via a DL data channel (e.g., PDSCH), or may transmit data to a massive TRP via an UL data channel (e.g., PUSCH). Such transmission or reception may be coherent or non-coherent. The WTRU may first receive downlink control information (DCI) from one or more TRPs via a DL control channel (e.g., PDCCH).

[0151] When DCI is transmitted from a single TRP to enable data to be received from or transmitted to a large-scale TRP, the DCI payload size may be larger if additional bits are required in the DCI to support the large number of TRPs, such as repeated fields (e.g., TCI fields) or field extensions (e.g., to support a large number of TCI code points). As the number of TRPs increases, the size of the DCI payload also increases. The increased DCI payload size may degrade the performance of the PDCCH and reduce the coverage of the DCI. In large-scale distributed MIMO deployments, a single DCI scheme may require additional bits to support a large number of TRPs. A multiple DCI scheme may require additional PDCCHs to support a large number of TRPs. The trade-offs between single DCI and multiple DCI schemes can be considered.

[0152] In unlicensed spectrum, channel uncertainty may exist. Data transmission may not be possible from some TRPs due to LBT failure. In addition, data reception from some TRPs may be unreliable due to interference (e.g., interference caused by (one or more) hidden nodes).

[0153] According to an embodiment, one solution may be to transmit data from all possible TRPs. The WTRU may receive data from some beams or some TRPs in spatial directions where there is no interference or the interference is minimal. The WTRU may not receive data from other TRPs in some beams or spatial directions where there is interference or the interference is maximum. In this way, the WTRU may still successfully decode the data (e.g., PDSCH) due to diversity transmission.

[0154] According to an embodiment, another solution may be to report the LBT status back to the gNB. The gNB may send an indicator to indicate the TRP / beam in which the WTRU receives the PDSCH. The WTRU may report the LBT status back to the gNB to indicate which TRP / beams are in a good state for the WTRU to receive the PDSCH. The gNB may then transmit the PDSCH based on the WTRU's indication. In this way, the PDSCH may not be transmitted or repeated in a TRP that may not be in a good state for the WTRU to receive the PDSCH. This may avoid redundant PDSCH transmissions. This method requires reporting the LBT status from the WTRU to the gNB.

[0155] The WTRU may perform energy detection or the like to obtain the LBT status. For example, if the measured energy is above a (pre)configured threshold, the LBT status may be "failed". If the measured energy is not above or below a (pre)configured threshold, the LBT status may be "successful". Alternatively, the WTRU may perform LBT. If the LBT fails or does not pass, the LBT status may be "failed". Otherwise, if the LBT succeeds or passes, the LBT status may be "successful". As an example, in the case where the LBT status is "successful", "1" may be indicated. In the case where the LBT status is "failed", "0" may be indicated. The WTRU, TRP, gNB or any combination thereof may perform energy detection or the like to obtain the LBT status.

[0156] Figure 2 An embodiment of a method of large-scale TRP operation is depicted in FIG. 200 is a WTRU. Devices 200a-1 are TRPs. Arrows indicate that WTRU 201 receives / reliably receives PDSCH from a corresponding TRP.

[0157] Figure 3 An embodiment of a method for large-scale TRP diversity transmission to cope with channel uncertainty is depicted in . In this embodiment, PDSCH from some of the TRPs (300k, 300c, 300h, 300i) may not be received or not reliably received at the WTRU 301, while PDSCH from other TRPs (300a-b, 300d-g, 300j, 300l) are correctly received / reliably received.

[0158] Figure 4 An example method for large-scale TRP operation indication is shown in Table 1. The example shows 8 TRPs (TRP#1-#8). The WTRU may report the LBT status of the TRP from which the WTRU can receive PDSCH / can reliably receive (e.g., if q_i="1", it means that LBT passed (successfully) at the WTRU of the i-th TRP, and if q_i="0", it means that LBT did not pass (failed) at the WTRU of the i-th TRP).

[0159] According to an embodiment, the method can be extended to a large-scale TRP with a number of TRPs greater than 8, such as 12 TRPs, 16 TRPs, 32 TRPs, 64 TRPs or even more.

[0160] Figure 4 An example method for large-scale TRP operation indication using CORESETPoolIndex is shown in Table 2. The example shows 8 TRPs. The WTRU may report the LBT status of the TRP or CORESET pool from which the WTRU may receive PDCCH and / or PDSCH. If q_i = "1", it means that LBT is passed at the WTRU of the i-th TRP or CORESET pool, and if q_i = "0", it means that LBT is not passed at the WTRU of the i-th TRP or CORESET pool.

[0161] The method can be extended to large-scale TRPs with a number of TRPs much greater than 8, such as 16 TRPs, 32 TRPs, 64 TRPs or larger.

[0162] The TCI may indicate the same spatial filter as the source reference signal (RS) for a target RS, signal, or channel that may be QCL with the source RS. The QCL may refer to QCL type D. For PDSCH reception, the TCI may indicate the spatial filter (or beam) of QCL type D. The gNB may indicate the TCI state for the WTRU receiving PDSCH.

[0163] In the unlicensed band, to cope with channel uncertainty, according to an embodiment, one solution may be that the gNB may indicate a TCI state set to each WTRU. If one TCI state is not favorable to the WTRU due to LBT failure, the RxWTRU may try another TCI to receive the PDSCH. In ultra-large-scale MIMO, a TCI state set may be indicated. The TCI state set may contain a primary TCI state (P-TCI) and a secondary TCI state (S-TCI).

[0164] Figure 4An embodiment of a large-scale TCI operation code point indicator is depicted in Table 3. In this embodiment, the primary TCI may contain TCI states x, y, z, w. Similarly, the secondary TCI may also contain TCI states x, y, z, w.

[0165] For a large number of TRPs, each TRP may have a Figure 4 The TCI code point table in Table 3. Alternatively, one can use Figure 5 Joint TCI code point table shown in Table 4. The primary TCI may contain TCI states x_i, y_i, z_i, w_i for TRP#i, where i=1, 2, ..., M. Similarly, the secondary TCI may also contain TCI states x_i, y_i, z_i, w_i for TRP#i, where i=1, 2, ..., M. M is the number of TRPs or CORESET pools. For large-scale distributed MIMO with a large number of TRPs deployed, M may be large. The code point table may be a table containing multiple code points. Each code point may be an entry index pointing to one of the entries in the table. The code point table may be transmitted to the WTRU via MAC CE (or RRC signaling). The code point (or entry index) in the table may be transmitted to the WTRU via DCI in PDCCH (or MAC CE). Which TRP may transmit the code point in the DCI may depend on the DCI scheme. In the case of a single DCI scheme, only one TRP may be transmitted. In the case of a multiple DCI scheme, multiple TRPs may be transmitted. The TCI code point may be TCI control information, and the LBT status code point may be LBT status control information.

[0166] In another solution, according to an embodiment, in the unlicensed band, in order to cope with channel uncertainty, the gNB may indicate the available TCI states, and the WTRU may indicate the LBT state of the TCI state to the gNB. In this example, only two TCI states are considered. In general, it can be extended to more than two TCI states. If the primary TCI state (P-TCI) is not in a good state for the WTRU to receive PDSCH due to LBT failure, the WTRU may indicate the state of the TCI state to the gNB using the LBT status code point.

[0167] The WTRU may report the LBT status and / or channel uncertainty to enable more efficient transmission from the gNB. In this way, unnecessary PDSCH transmissions and / or repetitions may be avoided or mitigated. This solution may be used to address the hidden node problem.

[0168] Figure 5 Example large-scale TCI operation code point indicators are described in Table 5.

[0169] In this example, the WTRU may report the LBT status of the primary and secondary TCIs to the gNB. If both the primary and secondary TCIs are not in a good state, the WTRU may report codepoint 1 for the LBT status. If both the primary and secondary TCIs are in a good state, the WTRU may report codepoint 4 for the LBT status.

[0170] If one of the primary and secondary TCI is in a good state but the other is not in a good state, the WTRU may report codepoint 2 or 3 of the LBT status depending on which TCI (primary or secondary) is not in a good state.

[0171] A good state may mean that the measured energy is below a (pre)configured threshold or that LBT succeeds. "Not in a good state" may mean that the measured energy is not below a (pre)configured threshold or not above a (pre)configured threshold or that LBT fails.

[0172] To further optimize system operation, the WTRU may also report interference levels. Figure 6 Large-scale LBT operation with interference indicators is shown in Table 6. In this example, the WTRU may report the LBT status of the primary and secondary TCIs along with the interference level to the gNB.

[0173] If both the primary and secondary TCIs are not in a good state, the WTRU may report only the LBT state without reporting the interference level (code point 1). If both the primary and secondary TCIs are in a good state, the WTRU may report the LBT state and the interference level for both the primary and secondary TCIs. Depending on the measurement results, the interference level may be low or medium. In this case, the WTRU may report code points 6, 7, 8, or 9 accordingly based on the LBT state and the interference level.

[0174] If one of the primary and secondary TCIs is in a good state but the other is not in a good state, the WTRU may report the LBT state of the primary and secondary TCIs and the interference level of the TCI in a good state (primary or secondary TCI). The WTRU may report codepoints 2, 3, 4, or 5 accordingly based on the LBT state and interference level.

[0175] In massive distributed MIMO with large TRPs, the gNB may indicate multiple TRPs for the WTRU to receive PDSCH. This may create more opportunities to receive PDSCH. This approach may address the hidden node problem. Additionally, the gNB may indicate to each WTRU the set of TCI states for each TRP. If one TRP or TCI state is not in a good state for the WTRU to receive PDSCH (e.g. due to LBT failure), the WTRU may try another TRP or TCI to receive PDSCH.

[0176] TRP groups and TCI state sets may be utilized. TRP groups and TCI state sets may consist of at least one primary TRP / TCI state and one or more secondary TRP / TCI states. In a single TRP scenario, a single TCI state set may be used. In massively distributed MIMO with massive TRPs, multiple TCI state sets per TRP may be used.

[0177] SSB and / or CSI-RS may be used as source RS. PDCCH and PDSCH may be target signals and channels. PDCCH DMRS and / or PDSCH DMRS may be target RS.

[0178] In another solution, according to an embodiment, the gNB may indicate the available TRP / TCI states, and the WTRU may indicate the LBT state of the TRP / TCI state to the gNB. In this example, only two TCI states are considered for each TRP. If the primary TCI state (P-TCI) is not in a good state for the WTRU to receive PDSCH (e.g. due to LBT failure), the WTRU may use the LBT status code point to indicate the state of the TCI to the WTRU. If the secondary TRP (P-TRP) is not in a good state for the WTRU to receive PDSCH (e.g. due to LBT failure), the WTRU may use another LBT status code point to indicate the state of the TRP / TCI to the WTRU.

[0179] Figure 6 An example method for large-scale TRP LBT operation indicators is shown in Table 7. In this example, N code points are used to correspond to the LBT status of M TRPs. Each TRP can use two TCI states, namely primary TCI and secondary TCI. The WTRU can report the LBT status using one of the code points based on the LBT state of the TRP and the associated TCI state.

[0180] This solution can also be applied to PUSCH transmission of uplink transmission.

[0181] Figure 7 An embodiment of a method 700 for adaptive LBT mode operation is depicted in FIG.

[0182] The WTRU may be (pre)configured with multiple TRP / TCIs, e.g., for unlicensed spectrum operation 701. The WTRU may be indicated 702 which TRP / TCI states to use. The degree of channel uncertainty may be determined 703 and reported. The channel uncertainty may be determined based on, for example, the ratio of NACKs to ACKs, the number of LBT failures, or the like. The interference level may be measured and determined.

[0183] If the channel uncertainty is determined to be high 704b, the WTRU may report 705b the LBT status. The WTRU may report the LBT status using one of the code points for the LBT status as described above. It may further be indicated 706b which TRP / TCI the WTRU is to use.

[0184] If the channel uncertainty is determined to be low 704a, the WTRU may not report 705a the LBT state. The WTRU may use all indicated TRP / TCI states 706a.

[0185] The WTRU may use the indicated TRP / TCI to 707 receive PDSCH or transmit PUSCH.

[0186] Figure 8 An embodiment of a method 800 for adaptive LBT mode operation is depicted in FIG.

[0187] The WTRU may be (pre)configured 801 with multiple TRPs / TCIs ​​for unlicensed spectrum operation. The WTRU may be indicated 802 which TRPs / TCIs ​​to use, for example based on the number of (pre)configured TRPs / TCIs.

[0188] The degree of channel uncertainty may be determined 803. Channel uncertainty may be determined based on, for example, a ratio of NACKs to ACKs, LBT failures, or the like.

[0189] If the channel uncertainty is determined to be high 804b, the WTRU may be instructed to use a large set of TRP and / or TCI states 805b. The WTRU may report the LBT state for, for example, a (pre)configured number of TRPs / TCIs. The WTRU may report 806b the LBT state using one of the code points for the LBT state as described above. The WTRU may be further instructed 807b which TRP / TCI states to use based on the (pre)configured number of TRPs / TCIs.

[0190] If the channel uncertainty is determined to be low 804a, the WTRU may be instructed 805a to use a small TRP and / or TCI state set. The WTRU may not report 806a the LBT state. The WTRU may use 807a the indicated TRP / TCI state based on the (pre)configured number of TRP / TCIs.

[0191] The WTRU may use the indicated TRP / TCI 808 to receive PDSCH or transmit PUSCH.

[0192] Determining channel uncertainty may also be performed based on predictions (eg, using artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML), historical data, or the like).

[0193] Representative examples of TRP / TCI adaptation methods for unlicensed massive distributed MIMO

[0194] In a high-density network, a WTRU may be connected to a large number of TRPs in a massive distributed MIMO scenario. The WTRU may receive data from a large number of TRPs via a DL channel (e.g., PDSCH), or may transmit data to a large number of TRPs via an UL channel (e.g., PUSCH). Such transmission or reception may be coherent or non-coherent. The WTRU may first receive downlink control information (DCI) from one or more TRPs via a DL control channel (e.g., PDCCH).

[0195] According to an embodiment, to further enhance performance, the gNB may indicate more than two available TCI states, and the WTRU may report a combination of LBT states to the gNB. The gNB may indicate a single TCI state (e.g., P-TCI, or one of S-TCI). The gNB may also indicate more than one TCI state (e.g., a combination of P-TCI and S-TCI). The WTRU may be indicated whether a single TCI, two, or more than two TCI states are used, and this may be in a dynamic manner based on the interfering or hidden node. If the interfering or hidden node is dynamic, more than one (or more than two) TCI states may be indicated. Otherwise, a single TCI state (or two TCI states) may be indicated to the WTRU.

[0196] If the WTRU reports that certain TCIs are in good condition, but later measurements or decoding results within a certain period of time show that they may not be in good condition (e.g., LBT failed, NACK generated), then the interfering or hidden node may be dynamic. Otherwise, it may be less dynamic or semi-static.

[0197] When the channel uncertainty is high (e.g., LBT failure is high), the gNB may indicate more available TCI states, otherwise, the gNB may indicate fewer available TCI states or a single available TCI state.

[0198] Two LBT modes may be used - one for high channel uncertainty and one for low channel uncertainty. Two DCI formats may be used accordingly - one for long format (high payload) and one for short format (low payload). Similarly, two PUCCH formats may be used accordingly - one for long format (high payload) and one for short format (low payload). PDCCH or DCI may be used to carry TCI code points or the like. PUCCH may be used to carry LBT status, interference level or the like.

[0199] The WTRU may switch between two LBT modes. The switching may be based on measurement results, such as LBT failure, NACK to ACK ratio, CBR, CR, etc. The operation mode and DCI format may be associated with each other to reduce blind decoding complexity. For example, a short DCI format may be associated with LBT operation mode 1, and a long DCI format may be associated with LBT operation mode 2. If LBT mode 1 is indicated, the WTRU may search only for short DCI formats. If LBT mode 2 is indicated, the WTRU may search only for long DCI formats.

[0200] Fig. 9 An example method for large-scale LBT operation mode 1 is shown in Table 8.

[0201] Fig. 9 An example method for large-scale LBT operation mode 2 is shown in Table 9.

[0202] The TCI code point may be indicated in the TCI field in the downlink control information (DCI) carried by the PDCCH. The gNB may use the TCI code point in the PDCCH to indicate the available TCI states. The LBT state code point may be indicated in the PUCCH. Alternatively, the LBT state code point may be indicated in the LBT field in the uplink control information (UCI) carried by the PUSCH.

[0203] The LBT status report and / or interference report may or may not be sent with the data. The gNB may trigger the WTRU to send an LBT status report including an LBT status code point even if data or PUSCH is not scheduled. The gNB may trigger the WTRU to send the LBT status and / or interference level with or without data transmission, and the LBT status report and the interference level may be carried in the UCI, or only the LBT status report without the interference level may be carried in the UCI. In addition, the LBT status report and / or interference report may or may not be sent with other uplink control information.

[0204] If the LBT status field is transmitted in the DCI, a new DCI format may be required to support the additional or extended (one or more) TCI field and the LBT status field. Alternatively, an acknowledgement bit or acknowledgement message may be used to respond to the WTRU LBT status report. An acknowledgement bit or acknowledgement message for the LBT status may be included in the DCI. New DCI formats may be introduced, and DCI format 0_3, DCI format 0_4, DCI format 5_0, or DCI format 6_0 may be introduced to support unlicensed band beam-based operation of massive distributed MIMO.

[0205] If the LBT status code point or the joint LBT status and ACK / NACK are carried in the PUCCH, a new PUCCH format may be needed to support them. One PUCCH format may be used to carry only the LBT status code point. Or another PUCCH format may be used to jointly carry the LBT status code point and HARQ ACK / NACK. Or another PUCCH format may be used to jointly carry the LBT status code point, HARQ ACK / NACK and other UCI. PUSCH may also be used to carry the LBT status, interference level and HARQ ACK / NACK or other uplink control information.

[0206] The WTRU may use the LBT status code point to report the LBT status of the indicated TCI state to the gNB. Fig.10 An example method for large-scale TRP indication is shown in Table 10. The example shows 8 TRPs. The WTRU may receive an indication of a TRP from which the WTRU may receive the PDSCH. If a_i = "1", it may mean that the LBT passed at the TRP of the i-th TRP, and if a_i = "0", it may mean that the LBT did not pass at the TRP of the i-th TRP.

[0207] The method can be extended to large-scale TRPs with a number of TRPs much greater than 8, such as 16 TRPs, 32 TRPs, 64 TRPs or larger.

[0208] Fig.10 An example method for large-scale TRP operation indication using CORESETPoolIndex is shown in Table 11. The example shows 8 TRPs. The WTRU may receive an indication of a TRP from which the WTRU may receive PDCCH and / or PDSCH. If a_i = "1", it means that LBT is passed at the TRP or CORESET pool of the i-th TRP, and if a_i = "0", it means that LBT is not passed at the TRP or CORESET pool of the i-th TRP.

[0209] Similarly, the method can be extended to large-scale TRPs with a number of TRPs much greater than 8, such as 16 TRPs, 32 TRPs, 64 TRPs, or larger.

[0210] For a large number of TRPs, the signaling overhead may be high. In order to reduce the signaling overhead, a hierarchical group indication method may be used. TRPs may be grouped into multiple groups. Two TRP indications may be used, one is a TRP group (TRPG) indication, and the other is a TRP indication within a TRP group (TRPG). The TRP group indicator may indicate whether the TRP group passes LBT. The TRP indicator may indicate whether the TRP in the TRP group passes LBT. In the following, the terms TRP group and TRPG have the same meaning and may be used indiscriminately.

[0211] For the example of M=64 TRPs, 8 TRP groups may be used. Each TRP group may consist of 8 TRPs. A hierarchical indication mechanism with first and second indications may be used. Fig.10 The TRP group indicator (or first indicator) is shown in Table 12. Fig.10 The TRP indicator (or second indicator) in the TRP group is shown in Table 13.

[0212] The WTRU may receive a first indication of a TRP from which the WTRU may receive a PDSCH. If g_i = "1", it means that the LBT passed at the TRP of the i-th TRP group, and if g_i = "0", it means that the LBT did not pass at the TRP of the i-th TRP group. The WTRU may receive a second indication of a TRP from which the WTRU may receive a PDSCH. If b_i = "1", it means that the LBT passed at the TRP of the i-th TRP in the TRP group indicated as "passed", and if b_i = "0", it means that the LBT did not pass at the TRP of the i-th TRP in the TRP group indicated as "passed".

[0213] By using two TRP indicators, the signaling overhead can be significantly reduced. For M=64 TRPs, an embodiment of a single TRP indicator may require 64 bits. An embodiment of a layered two TRP indicator may require 8 bits for the TRP group indicator and another 8 bits for the TRP indicator in the TRP group. It requires a total of 16 bits for two indicators (the first and second indicators). As compared to the 64 bits used for the single TRP indication method, it can significantly reduce the signaling overhead by 4 times. If such (one or more) indicators are included in the DCI, this can reduce the payload burden in the DCI.

[0214] Similarly, the CORESET pools may be grouped into multiple CORESET pool groups. In order to reduce signaling overhead, a hierarchical group indication of the CORESET pools may be used. The CORESET pools may be grouped into several CORESET pool groups. Two CORESET pool indications may be used, one is the CORESET pool group indication (CORESETPoolGRPIndex), and the other is the CORESET pool indication within the CORESET pool group. The CORESET pool group indicator may indicate whether the CORESET pool group passes LBT. The CORESET pool indicator may indicate whether the CORESET pools in the CORESET pool group pass LBT.

[0215] For M = 64 TRPs or 64 CORESET pools, 8 CORESET pool groups may be used. Each CORESET pool group may consist of 8 CORESET pools.

[0216] Fig.11 The CORESET pool group indicator (CORESETPoolGRPIndex) is shown in Table 14. Fig.11 The CORESET pool indicators in the CORESET pool group are shown in Table 15.

[0217] The WTRU may receive a first indication of a CORESET pool from which the WTRU may receive a PDCCH and / or PDSCH. If g_i = "1", it means that the LBT is passed at the TRP or CORESET pool of the i-th TRP group or CORESET pool group, and if g_i = "0", it means that the LBT is not passed at the TRP or CORESET pool of the i-th TRP group or CORESET pool group. The WTRU may receive a second indication of a CORESET pool from which the WTRU may receive a PDCCH and / or PDSCH. If b_i = "1", it means that the LBT is passed at the TRP or CORESET pool of the i-th TRP or CORESET pool in the CORESET pool group indicated as "passed", and if b_i = "0", it means that the LBT is not passed at the TRP or CORESET pool of the i-th TRP or CORESET pool in the CORESET pool group indicated as "passed".

[0218] Fig.12 An embodiment of method 1200 for adaptive TRP / TCI operation is depicted in FIG.

[0219] The WTRU may be (pre)configured 1201 with multiple TRPs / TCIs, e.g., for unlicensed spectrum operation. The degree of interference may be determined 1201, e.g., based on the ratio of NACKs to ACKs, LBT failures, or the like.

[0220] If the interference is dynamic 1203b, then a TRP / TCI with a larger number of TRPs and / or TCIs may be used 1204b. The WTRU may be instructed 1205b to use a larger number of TRPs / TCIs.

[0221] If the interference is less dynamic or semi-static 1203a, then a TRP / TCI with a smaller number of TRPs and / or TCIs may be used 1204a. The WTRU may be instructed 1205a to use a smaller number of TRP / TCI states.

[0222] The WTRU may use the indicated TRP / TCI state 1206 to receive PDSCH or transmit PUSCH.

[0223] Representative examples of methods for PDSCH / PUSCH transmission / reception opportunities for unlicensed massive distributed MIMO

[0224] More PDSCH and / or PUSCH reception and / or transmission opportunities may be created to enhance the chances of coping with channel uncertainties in unlicensed bands.

[0225] Enhanced time domain resource allocation (TDRA) with multiple entries or TDRA control fields in each code point can be used. The TDRA code point table can be configured by RRC. Multiple TDRA tables can be configured. A TDRA table can contain more entries for PDSCH or PUSCH (e.g., in the time domain) to obtain more transmission opportunities and cope with channel uncertainties in unlicensed spectrum. Another TDRA table can contain fewer entries for PDSCH or PUSCH (e.g., in the time domain) to mitigate transmission or reduce repetition, thereby achieving better efficiency. Which TDRA table to use can be activated by MAC CE. Alternatively, which TDRA table to use can be indicated by the DCI carried in the PDCCH. Depending on the number of configured or pre-configured TDRA tables, the TDRA mode can be indicated by one or more bits. For an embodiment using two TDRA tables, one bit may be sufficient. If more than two TDRA tables are configured or activated, 2 bits or more may be required.

[0226] Depending on the degree of channel uncertainty, the TDRA table may switch from one TDRA table or mode to another TDRA table or mode. For example, where the degree of channel uncertainty is high, a TDRA table with more code points may be used, and the WTRU may be instructed to use such a TDRA table to cope with the channel uncertainty. On the other hand, if the degree of channel uncertainty is low, a TDRA table with fewer code points may be used, and the WTRU may be instructed to use a TDRA table with fewer code points to reduce complexity and overhead.

[0227] Depending on the degree of channel uncertainty, the TDRA table subset may be switched from one TDRA table or subset to another TDRA table subset. For example, where the degree of channel uncertainty is high, a TDRA table or subset with more code points may be used, and the WTRU may be activated to use such a TDRA table or subset. On the other hand, if the degree of channel uncertainty is low, a TDRA table or subset with fewer code points may be used, and the WTRU may be activated to use the TDRA table with fewer code points. The WTRU may be further instructed which code point or code points to use in the activated code point, subset, or table.

[0228] Multiple TDRA tables may be configured or preconfigured. One solution may be to indicate to the WTRU that one of the TDRA tables is to be used. The TDRA table indicator may be included in a control field in the DCI, or the TDRA control field may be included in the DCI. This may be used to cope with rapidly changing channel uncertainties. Another embodiment may be that a subset of TDRA tables may be activated in a configured or preconfigured TDRA table. After the TDRA table is activated, the precise TDRA table in the activated TDRA table may be indicated to the WTRU. This may be used to cope with changing channel uncertainties with lower DCI overhead.

[0229] Fig.13 An embodiment of a method 1300 of TDRA mode operation (indication) is depicted in FIG.

[0230] The WTRU may be (pre)configured 1301 with multiple TDRA configurations or tables, e.g., for unlicensed spectrum operation. The degree of channel uncertainty may be determined 1302 (e.g., based on a ratio of NACKs to ACKs, LBT failures, or the like). TDRA configurations or TDRA tables may be used interchangeably.

[0231] If the channel uncertainty is determined to be high (large) 1303b, then a TDRA with a larger number of TDRA entries 1304b may be used. The WTRU may be indicated 1305b in the TDRA Configuration Selection field bits in the DCI that it uses TDRA Configuration 1. The WTRU may further be indicated 1306b the TDRA codepoint for TDRA Configuration 1 in the DCI.

[0232] If the channel uncertainty is determined to be low (small) 1303a, then a TDRA with a smaller number of TDRA entries may be used 1304a. The WTRU may be indicated 1305a in the TDRA Configuration Selection field bits in the DCI that it uses TDRA Configuration 2. The WTRU may be further indicated 1306a the TDRA codepoint for TDRA Configuration 2 in the DCI.

[0233] Fig.14 An embodiment of a method 1400 of TDRA mode operation (activation) is depicted in FIG.

[0234] The WTRU may be (pre)configured 1401 with multiple TDRA configurations (for unlicensed spectrum operation). The degree of channel uncertainty may be determined 1402 (eg, based on a ratio of NACKs to ACKs, LBT failures, or the like).

[0235] If the channel uncertainty is determined to be high (large) 1403b, a TDRA with a larger number of TDRA entries may be used 1404b. The WTRU may be activated 1405b in the MAC CE to use TDRA configuration 1. The WTRU may be further indicated 1406b the TDRA codepoint for TDRA configuration 1 in the DCI.

[0236] If the channel uncertainty is determined to be low (small) 1403a, a TDRA with a smaller number of TDRA entries may be used 1404a. The WTRU may be activated 1405a in the MAC CE to use TDRA configuration 2. The WTRU may be further indicated 1406a the TDRA codepoint for TDRA configuration 2 in the DCI.

[0237] Fig.15 An embodiment of a method 1500 of TDRA mode operation (activation / indication) is depicted in FIG.

[0238] The WTRU may be (pre)configured 1501 with multiple TDRA tables (for unlicensed spectrum operation). The condition of the channel may be determined 1502 (eg, based on a ratio of NACK to ACK, LBT failure, or the like).

[0239] If the channel condition changes rapidly 1503b, the WTRU may be indicated 1504b in the DCI to use one of the (pre-)configured TDRA configurations. The WTRU may be further indicated 1505b in the DCI of the TDRA codepoint of the indicated TDRA configuration.

[0240] If the channel conditions are not changing rapidly 1503a, then the WTRU may be activated 1504a in the MAC CE for a subset of the configured or preconfigured TDRA configurations. The WTRU may be indicated 1505a in the DCI to use one of the activated TDRA configurations. The WTRU may be further indicated 1506a in the DCI for the TDRA code point of the indicated TDRA configuration.

[0241] Representative examples of methods for efficient operation of unlicensed massively distributed MIMO

[0242] According to an embodiment, in an unlicensed band, in order to enable more efficient operation and cope with channel uncertainty, the WTRU may indicate the TCI state, TRP, and LBT state of resources (e.g., resource blocks (RBs) or RB sets) to the gNB. The gNB may indicate the available TCI state, TRP, and resources (e.g., resource blocks (RBs) or RB sets) to the WTRU.

[0243] exist Fig.16 In the examples shown in Tables 16 and 17, only two TCI states and two RB set resources / sub-bands are considered.

[0244] If the primary TCI state (P-TCI) of resource 1 or RB set 1 and the secondary TCI state (S-TCI) of resource 2 or RB set 2 are not in a good state for the WTRU to receive PDSCH due to interference (e.g., LBT failure, hidden node), the WTRU can indicate the LBT state of the TCI state to the gNB using LBT state code point 2 and code point 3, respectively, as shown in Table 16 and Table 17.

[0245] If the primary TCI state (P-TCI) of resource 1 or RB set 1 for TRP 1 and the secondary TCI state (S-TCI) of RB set resource 2 for TRP 2 are not in a good state for the WTRU to receive PDSCH, for example due to interference, LBT failure, hidden node, or the like, the WTRU can indicate the TCI state, LBT state of the TRP and RB set to the gNB using LBT state code point 2 and code point 3, respectively.

[0246] The WTRU may use the LBT status code points for different RB sets or sub-bands to report the indicated TCI status, TRP and LBT status of the RB set or sub-band to the gNB.

[0247] The gNB may use TCI code points of different resources to indicate to the WTRU the available TCI states, TRPs and RB set resources, RB sets or sub-bands, such as Fig.17 As shown in Tables 18 and 19.

[0248] The WTRU may receive a confirmation message from the gNB whether it can assume that the TCI status reported in the LBT status report can be used. If it is "1", it means confirmation that the LBT status report is to be used. If it is "0", it means no confirmation that the LBT status report is to be used.

[0249] Accordingly Fig.18 Examples of large-scale LBT confirmation messages for RB set 1 and RB set 2 are shown in Table 20 and Table 21.

[0250] Fig.19 An embodiment of a method 1900 for adaptive unlicensed spectrum operation is depicted in FIG.

[0251] The WTRU 1920 may receive 1901 (one or more) TCI configurations. The availability of resources of TCI states, RBs, RB sets, etc. may be indicated 1902 to the WTRU. The WTRU may perform 1903 measurements on the indicated available TCI states and resources. The WTRU may report 1904 the LBT status of the indicated available TCI states and resources in the spatial / frequency / time domain. The WTRU may be scheduled 1905 for resources including TCI states, RBs, etc. The WTRU may receive 1906 PDSCH or transmit PUSCH based on the scheduling information.

[0252] Fig. 20 An embodiment of method 2000 for adaptive LBT mode operation is depicted in FIG.

[0253] The WTRU may be (pre)configured 2001 with multiple TRP / TCI states and resources, e.g., for unlicensed spectrum operation. The WTRU may receive 2002 a group common PDCCH (GC-PDCCH). The WTRU may obtain 2003 control information for TCI states and resources in a group common DCI (GC-DCI).

[0254] If 2004b spatial direction and / or resources are indicated, the WTRU may monitor the PDCCH in the TCI state and resource or resource set indicated in 2005b.

[0255] If the spatial direction and / or resources are not indicated 2004a, the WTRU may skip PDCCH monitoring in the TCI states and resources or resource sets not indicated 2005a.

[0256] Fig.21 An embodiment of method 2100 for adaptive LBT mode operation is depicted in FIG.

[0257] The WTRU may be (pre)configured 2101 with multiple modes / sets of TRP / TCI, resources and periodicity, e.g. for unlicensed spectrum operation. The WTRU may receive 2102 a group common PDCCH or GC-PDCCH. The WTRU may obtain 2103 control information DCI or GC-DCI for mode switching of TRP / TCI states, resources and periodicity.

[0258] The control information DCI or GC-DCI may indicate a mode switch or operating mode. If 2104b Mode 1 is indicated, the WTRU may monitor 2105b the PDCCH with an indicated large TCI state, more resources and / or short cycle.

[0259] If 2104a Mode 2 is indicated, the WTRU may monitor 2105a the DCCH with a small TCI state, fewer resources and / or a long period as indicated.

[0260] Fig. 22 An embodiment of method 2200 for efficient adaptive unlicensed spectrum operation of massively distributed MIMO with a large number of TRPs is depicted.

[0261] The WTRU may be (pre)configured 2201 with multiple sets / modes of, e.g., TRP / TCI, resources, TDRA tables (for unlicensed spectrum operation). The WTRU may receive 2202 a TCI configuration. The availability of resources of TRP / TCI status, RBs, etc. may be indicated 2203 to the WTRU. The WTRU may report 2204 the LBT status with interference level or report the LBT status without reporting the interference level using the LBT status code point. The WTRU may be scheduled 2205 for resources of TRP / TCI status, RBs, TDRAs, etc. The WTRU may receive 2206 a PDSCH or transmit a PUSCH using the scheduling information (e.g., TRP / TCI status(es), RBs, TDRAs, etc.).

[0262] Fig.23 An embodiment of method 2300 for efficient adaptive unlicensed spectrum operation of massively distributed MIMO with a large number of TRPs and beams is depicted.

[0263] The WTRU may be (pre)configured 2301 with, for example, multiple sets / modes of TRP / TCI, resources (for unlicensed spectrum operation). The WTRU may receive 2302 the TCI configuration.

[0264] The WTRU may be indicated 2303 with respect to the availability of resources such as TRP / TCI status, RBs, etc. Depending on the channel conditions and channel uncertainty, an appropriate TRP / TCI set may be indicated to optimize unlicensed operation and system performance.

[0265] If the 2304b large TRP / TCI set is indicated, the WTRU may use the 2305b large TRP / TCI set.

[0266] If the small TRP / TCI set 2304a is indicated, the WTRU may use the small TRP / TCI set 2305a.

[0267] If LBT status reporting is enabled 2306b, the WTRU may report 2307b the LBT status on the indicated TRP / TCI set. After reporting the LBT status, the WTRU may be scheduled 2308b for resources with respect to the TRP / TCI status, RBs, etc.

[0268] If LBT status reporting is not enabled or disabled 2306a, the WTRU may use 2307a the resources previously indicated as scheduling resources for the TRP / TCI state. The WTRU may be scheduled 2308b for the resources of the RB.

[0269] The WTRU may accordingly use the scheduling information (eg, as indicated (one or more) TRP / TCI states, RBs, etc.) to receive 2309 PDSCH or transmit PUSCH.

[0270] FIG. 24 depicts an embodiment of a method 2400 for efficient adaptive unlicensed spectrum operation of massively distributed MIMO with a large number of TRPs and beams.

[0271] The WTRU may be (pre)configured 2401 with, for example, multiple sets / modes of TRP / TCI, resources (for unlicensed spectrum operation). The WTRU may receive 2402 the TCI configuration.

[0272] The availability of resources such as TRP / TCI status, RBs, etc. may be indicated 2403 to the WTRU.

[0273] If 2404a a single indication mechanism is indicated, the WTRU may receive 2405a a single indicator of the TRP to obtain availability information of the TRP / TCI.

[0274] If the hierarchical indication mechanism is indicated 2404b, the WTRU may receive 2405b a dual indicator of a TRP to obtain availability information of a TRP / TCI. The WTRU may receive a first indicator to obtain availability information of a TRP group. The WTRU may receive a second indicator to obtain availability information of a TRP in a TRP group. When combining the first and second indicators, the WTRU may obtain complete availability information of a TRP / TCI.

[0275] Based on the channel conditions and channel uncertainties, an appropriate TRP / TCI set is indicated to optimize unlicensed operation and system performance.

[0276] If a large TRP / TCI set is indicated 2406b, the WTRU may 2407b use the large TRP / TCI set.

[0277] If a small TRP / TCI set is indicated 2406a, the WTRU may use the small TRP / TCI set 2407a.

[0278] If LBT status reporting is enabled 2408b, the WTRU may report 2409b the LBT status on the indicated TRP / TCI set. After reporting the LBT status, the WTRU may be scheduled 2410b for resources with respect to the TRP / TCI status, RBs, etc.

[0279] If LBT status reporting is not enabled or disabled 2408a, the WTRU may use 2409a the resources previously indicated as scheduling resources for the TRP / TCI state. The WTRU may be scheduled 2410a for the resources of the RB.

[0280] The WTRU may accordingly use the scheduling information (e.g., as indicated by (one or more) TRP / TCI states, RBs, etc.) to receive 2411 PDSCH or transmit PUSCH.

[0281] Fig.25 An embodiment of method 2500 for efficient adaptive unlicensed spectrum operation of massively distributed MIMO with a large number of TRPs and beams is depicted.

[0282] The WTRU may be (pre)configured 2501 with, for example, multiple sets / modes of TRP / TCI, resources, TDRA tables (for unlicensed spectrum operation). The WTRU may receive 2502 the TCI configuration.

[0283] The availability of resources such as TRP / TCI status, RBs, etc. may be indicated 2503 to the WTRU.

[0284] Based on the channel conditions and channel uncertainties, an appropriate TRP / TCI set is indicated to optimize unlicensed operation and system performance.

[0285] If the 2504b large TRP / TCI set is indicated, the WTRU may use the 2505b large TRP / TCI set.

[0286] If the small TRP / TCI set 2504a is indicated, the WTRU may use the small TRP / TCI set 2505a.

[0287] If LBT status reporting is enabled 2506b, the WTRU may report 2507b the LBT status on the indicated TRP / TCI set. After reporting the LBT status, the WTRU may be scheduled 2508b for resources with respect to the TRP / TCI status, RBs, etc.

[0288] If LBT status reporting is not enabled or disabled 2506a, the WTRU may use 2507a the resources previously indicated as scheduling resources for the TRP / TCI state. The WTRU may be scheduled 2508a for the resources of the RB.

[0289] If 2509b the TDRA mode with activation / indication is enabled, the WTRU may use 2510b the indicated TDRA table from the subset of the activated TDRA table.

[0290] If the TDRA mode with indication 2509a is enabled, the WTRU may use the TDRA table indicated in 2510a (configured or pre-configured TDRA table set).

[0291] The WTRU may receive 2511 PDSCH or transmit PUSCH accordingly using the scheduling information as indicated (eg, (one or more) TRP / TCI states, RBs, TDRA, etc.).

[0292] In an exemplary embodiment, the WTRU performs adaptive operations and procedures for unlicensed massively distributed MIMO (MD-MIMO).

[0293] The WTRU is configured for, for example, TRP / TCI, multiple sets / modes of resources (for MD-MIMO unlicensed spectrum operation).

[0294] The WTRU may perform the following operations:

[0295] Receive indications of TRP / TCI status, availability of resources such as RBs, etc.,

[0296] Use the indicated TRP / TCI set, e.g., a large TRP / TCI set for high channel uncertainty and a small TRP / TCI set for low channel uncertainty;

[0297] If LBT status reporting is enabled, LBT status is reported on the indicated TRP / TCI set;

[0298] Receive scheduling information for resources of TRP / TCI state, RB, etc., or if LBT status reporting is not enabled or disabled, use previously indicated resources as scheduled resources for TRP / TCI state;

[0299] Receiving scheduling information of RB resources;

[0300] In the case of a downlink, PDSCH is received using scheduling information (e.g., (one or more) TRP / TCI states, RBs, TDRAs, etc.), or in the case of an uplink, PUSCH is transmitted using scheduling information (e.g., (one or more) TRP / TCI states, RBs, TDRAs, etc.).

[0301] In another exemplary embodiment, the WTRU performs adaptive operations and procedures for unlicensed massively distributed MIMO (MD-MIMO).

[0302] The WTRU is configured for, for example, TRP / TCI, multiple sets / modes of resources (for MD-MIMO unlicensed spectrum operation).

[0303] The WTRU may perform the following operations:

[0304] Receive indication of TRP / TCI status, availability of resources such as RBs, etc.;

[0305] If a single indication mechanism is indicated, a single indicator of the availability of resources for the TRP / TCI state is received, or if a hierarchical dual indication mechanism is indicated, a hierarchical dual indicator of the availability of resources for the TRP / TCI state is received (to reduce signaling overhead for massive distributed MIMO);

[0306] If the hierarchical dual indication mechanism is indicated, the availability information of TRP / TCI is obtained from the TRP group indicator (first indicator) and the TRP indicator in the TRP group (second indicator);

[0307] Using an indicated TRP / TCI set, e.g., a large TRP / TCI set for high channel uncertainty and a small TRP / TCI set for low channel uncertainty;

[0308] If LBT status reporting is enabled, LBT status is reported on the indicated TRP / TCI set;

[0309] Receive scheduling information for resources of TRP / TCI state, RB, etc., or if LBT status reporting is not enabled or disabled, use previously indicated resources as scheduled resources for TRP / TCI state;

[0310] Receiving scheduling information of RB resources;

[0311] If it is a downlink, PDSCH is received using scheduling information (e.g., (one or more) TRP / TCI states, RBs, TDRAs, etc.), or if it is an uplink, PUSCH is transmitted using scheduling information (e.g., (one or more) TRP / TCI states, RBs, TDRAs, etc.).

[0312] In another exemplary embodiment, a WTRU performs adaptive unlicensed operations and procedures for massively distributed MIMO.

[0313] The WTRU can be (pre-)configured with multiple TRPs / TCIs ​​(for unlicensed spectrum operation).

[0314] The WTRU may perform the following operations:

[0315] receiving an indication of which TRP / TCI states to use;

[0316] determining a degree of channel uncertainty, for example, the channel uncertainty may be determined based on, for example, a ratio of NACKs to ACKs, LBT failures, or the like;

[0317] If the channel uncertainty is determined to be high, then the LBT status is reported using one of the code points for the LBT status. Receive further indication of which TRP / TCI to use;

[0318] If the channel uncertainty is determined to be low, then the LBT status is not reported. Use all indicated TRP / TCI status;

[0319] Receive PDSCH or transmit PUSCH using the indicated TRP / TCI.

[0320] In yet another exemplary embodiment, a WTRU performs adaptive unlicensed operations and procedures for massively distributed MIMO.

[0321] The WTRU can be (pre-)configured with multiple TRPs / TCIs ​​(for unlicensed spectrum operation).

[0322] The WTRU may perform the following operations:

[0323] receiving an indication of which TRP / TCI states to use;

[0324] Determine the degree of channel uncertainty, for example, the channel uncertainty may be determined based on, for example, a ratio of NACK to ACK, LBT failure, or the like, and report the channel uncertainty to the gNB;

[0325] If the channel uncertainty is determined to be high, receiving an indication to use a large TRP / TCI state set;

[0326] If the channel uncertainty is determined to be low, receiving an indication to use a small TRP / TCI state set;

[0327] receiving an indication of a TRP / TCI state using a determined TRP / TCI set;

[0328] Use the indicated TRP / TCI to receive PDSCH or transmit PUSCH.

[0329] In yet another exemplary embodiment, a WTRU performs adaptive unlicensed operations and procedures for massively distributed MIMO.

[0330] The WTRU can be (pre-)configured with multiple TRPs / TCIs ​​(for unlicensed spectrum operation).

[0331] The WTRU may perform the following operations:

[0332] Receive TCI configuration;

[0333] Receive indication of TRP / TCI status, availability of resources such as RBs, etc.;

[0334] Use the LBT status code point to report the LBT status and interference level or to report the LBT status without reporting the interference level;

[0335] Receive resource scheduling information such as TRP / TCI status, RB, TDRA, etc.;

[0336] Using scheduling information (e.g., (one or more) TRP / TCI states, RBs, TDRA, etc.), PDSCH is received in the downlink case or PUSCH is transmitted in the uplink case.

[0337] In yet another exemplary embodiment, the WTRU performs adaptive operations and procedures for unlicensed massively distributed MIMO (MD-MIMO).

[0338] The WTRU is configured for multiple sets / modes of, for example, TRP / TCI, resources, TDRA tables (for MD-MIMO unlicensed spectrum operation).

[0339] The WTRU may perform the following operations:

[0340] Receive indications of TRP / TCI status, availability of resources such as RBs, etc.,

[0341] Use the indicated TRP / TCI set, e.g., a large TRP / TCI set for high channel uncertainty and a small TRP / TCI set for low channel uncertainty;

[0342] If LBT status reporting is enabled, LBT status is reported on the indicated TRP / TCI set;

[0343] Receive scheduling information for resources of TRP / TCI state, RB, etc., or if LBT status reporting is not enabled or disabled, use previously indicated resources as scheduled resources for TRP / TCI state;

[0344] Receive scheduling information of RB resources;

[0345] if TDRA mode with activation / indication is enabled or indicated, using the indicated TDRA table from the subset of activated TDRA tables, or if TDRA mode with indication is enabled or indicated, using the indicated TDRA table from the (pre-)configured TDRA table set;

[0346] In the case where it is a downlink, PDSCH is received using scheduling information (e.g., (one or more) TRP / TCI states, RBs, TDRAs, etc.), or in the case where it is an uplink, PUSCH is transmitted using scheduling information (e.g., (one or more) TRP / TCI states, RBs, TDRAs, etc.).

[0347] A method implemented by a WTRU in a network is disclosed (see Fig.26 ). The method comprises:

[0348] receiving (2600) configuration information from a network regarding a plurality of transmit-receive points (TRPs) and / or a plurality of transmission information (TCIs) for operation of the WTRU in an unlicensed spectrum;

[0349] receiving (2601) first indication information from a network, the first indication information indicating available resources of a TRP and / or TCI state for use by a WTRU in an unlicensed spectrum;

[0350] transmitting (2602) to a network listen-before-talk (LBT) status information for at least one of the available resources indicated in the first indication information, and receiving in reply to the transmitting, a second indication information indicating which of the at least one of the available resources indicated in the first indication information is used by the WTRU for which the LBT status information was transmitted; and

[0351] A physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) is received (2603) from the network or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) is transmitted to the network using available resources as indicated in the second indication information.

[0352] According to a further embodiment of the method, the method comprises determining the LBT state of the available resources indicated in the first indication information based on a measurement result, the measurement result comprising any one of the following:

[0353] a ratio of ACK to NACK for the available resources indicated in the first indication information;

[0354] The listen-before-talk of the available resources indicated in the first indication information fails.

[0355] The interference level of the available resources indicated in the first indication information.

[0356] According to a further embodiment of the method, the LBT status of at least one of the available resources indicated in the first indication information is transmitted to the network, and the WTRU receives the PDSCH from the available resources.

[0357] According to a further embodiment of the method, the LBT status of at least one of the available resources indicated in the first indication information is transmitted to the network, and the WTRU receives at least one of the following from the available resources:

[0358] Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH);

[0359] PDSCH.

[0360] A WTRU in a network is disclosed, the WTRU comprising at least one processor. The at least one processor is configured to:

[0361] receiving configuration information from a network regarding a plurality of transmit-receive points (TRPs) and / or a plurality of transmission information (TCIs) for operation of the WTRU in an unlicensed spectrum;

[0362] receiving a first indication from a network indicating available resources of a TRP and / or TCI state for use by the WTRU in an unlicensed spectrum;

[0363] transmitting to a network listen-before-talk (LBT) status information for at least one of the available resources indicated in the first indication information, and receiving, in response to the transmitting, a second indication information indicating which of the at least one of the available resources indicated in the first indication information is used by the WTRU for which the LBT status information was transmitted; and

[0364] A physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) is received from the network or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) is transmitted to the network using the available resources as indicated in the second indication information.

[0365] According to an embodiment, at least one processor is configured to determine the LBT state of the available resources indicated in the first indication information based on a measurement result, wherein the measurement result includes any one of the following:

[0366] a ratio of ACK to NACK for the available resources indicated in the first indication information;

[0367] The listen-before-talk of the available resources indicated in the first indication information fails.

[0368] The interference level of the available resources indicated in the first indication information.

[0369] According to an embodiment, at least one processor is configured to transmit to the network the LBT status of at least one of the available resources indicated in the first indication information, and the WTRU receives the PDSCH from the available resources.

[0370] According to an embodiment, at least one processor is configured to transmit to the network an LBT status of at least one of the available resources indicated in the first indication information, from which the WTRU receives at least one of the following:

[0371] Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH);

[0372] PDSCH.

[0373] A method implemented by a WTRU in a network is disclosed. Fig. 27 The method comprises:

[0374] receiving (2700) configuration information from a network regarding a plurality of transmit-receive points (TRPs) and / or a plurality of transmission information (TCIs) for operation of the WTRU in an unlicensed spectrum;

[0375] receiving (2701) first indication information from a network, the first indication information indicating available resources of a TRP and / or TCI state for use by a WTRU in an unlicensed spectrum;

[0376] Determining (2702) a degree of channel uncertainty of available resources for the indicated TRP and / or TCI state based on the received configuration information, the received first indication information, and the measurement result;

[0377] In a case where the determined level of channel uncertainty is below a first threshold, using (2703) any of the resources of the TRP and / or TCI states available to the WTRU;

[0378] reporting (2704) to the network a listen-before-talk (LBT) status of at least one of the available resources indicated in the first indication information in a case where the determined degree of channel uncertainty is above a second threshold that is higher than the first threshold, and receiving, in reply to the reporting, second indication information indicating which of the at least one of the available resources indicated in the first indication information is used by the WTRU; and

[0379] When the determined degree of channel uncertainty is lower than a first threshold, use the available resources as indicated in the first indication information, or when the determined degree of channel uncertainty is higher than a second threshold, use the available resources as indicated in the second indication information to receive (2705) a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) from the network or transmit a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) to the network.

[0380] According to an embodiment of the method, the measurement result includes any one of the following:

[0381] a ratio of ACK to NACK for the available resources indicated in the first indication information;

[0382] The listen-before-talk of the available resources indicated in the first indication information fails.

[0383] The interference level of the available resources indicated in the first indication information.

[0384] According to an embodiment of the method, the reporting comprises transmitting to the network the LBT status of at least one of the available resources indicated in the first indication information, and the WTRU receives the PDSCH from the available resources.

[0385] According to an embodiment of the method, the reporting comprises transmitting to the network an LBT status of at least one of the available resources indicated in the first indication information, and the WTRU receives from the available resources at least one of:

[0386] Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH);

[0387] PDSCH.

[0388] A WTRU in a network is disclosed, the WTRU comprising at least one processor configured to:

[0389] receiving configuration information from a network regarding a plurality of transmit-receive points (TRPs) and / or a plurality of transmission information (TCIs) for operation of the WTRU in an unlicensed spectrum;

[0390] receiving a first indication from a network indicating available resources of a TRP and / or TCI state for use by the WTRU in an unlicensed spectrum;

[0391] Determining a degree of channel uncertainty of available resources of the indicated TRP and / or TCI state based on the received configuration information, the received first indication information and the measurement result;

[0392] Using any of the resources of the TRP and / or TCI states available to the WTRU if the determined level of channel uncertainty is below a first threshold;

[0393] reporting to a network a listen-before-talk (LBT) status of at least one of the available resources indicated in the first indication information in a case where the determined degree of channel uncertainty is above a second threshold that is higher than the first threshold, and receiving, in reply to the reporting, second indication information indicating which of the at least one of the available resources indicated in the first indication information is used by the WTRU; and

[0394] When the determined degree of channel uncertainty is lower than a first threshold, use the available resources as indicated in the first indication information, or when the determined degree of channel uncertainty is higher than a second threshold, use the available resources as indicated in the second indication information to receive the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or transmit the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).

[0395] According to an embodiment, at least one processor is configured to perform measurements including any of the following:

[0396] a ratio of ACK to NACK for the available resources indicated in the first indication information;

[0397] The listen-before-talk of the available resources indicated in the first indication information fails.

[0398] The interference level of the available resources indicated in the first indication information.

[0399] According to an embodiment, at least one processor is configured to transmit, as part of a report, to a network an LBT status of at least one of the available resources indicated in the first indication information, from which the WTRU receives a PDSCH.

[0400] According to an embodiment, at least one processor is configured to transmit, as part of a report, to a network, an LBT status of at least one of the available resources indicated in the first indication information, from which the WTRU receives at least one of the following:

[0401] Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH);

[0402] PDSCH.

[0403] Embodiments of a method implemented by a wireless receive-transmit unit WTRU in a network are disclosed and described. Fig.28 is an embodiment of such a method. The method may include:

[0404] receiving (2800) configuration information from a network regarding a plurality of transmission-reception points, TRPs, and a plurality of transmission configuration information, TCIs, for operation of the WTRU in a shared or unlicensed spectrum;

[0405] Determining (2801) an indication scheme according to the received configuration information, the determined indication scheme comprising a first indicator and a second indicator;

[0406] Executing (2802) a listen-before-speak LBT state, and determining a channel uncertainty level based on the executed LBT state;

[0407] determining (2803) a TRP-TCI group based on the first indicator, and determining a TRP-TCI set within the determined TRP-TCI group according to the second indicator;

[0408] Based on the determined channel uncertainty level of the TRP-TCI set, reporting (2804) a listen-before-talk state (LBT state) to the network;

[0409] After the reporting, receiving (2805) from the network an indication of scheduled resources for the determined TRP-TCI set; and

[0410] A physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission is received (2806) according to the indicated scheduled resources.

[0411] According to an embodiment of the method, the second indicator may indicate a TRP-TCI set of a first size and a TRP-TCI set of a second size larger than the first size, and the channel uncertainty level may determine the TRP-TCI set of the first size or the TRP-TCI set of the second size.

[0412] According to an embodiment of the method, the method may include selecting a TRP-TCI set of a first size for a first channel uncertainty level, and selecting a TRP-TCI set of a second size for a second channel uncertainty level higher than the first channel uncertainty level.

[0413] According to an embodiment of the method, the LBT state may be determined by performing energy detection.

[0414] According to an embodiment of the method, the LBT status may be determined based on a ratio of ACK to NACK of the determined TRP-TCI set.

[0415] According to an embodiment of the method, the LBT state may be determined based on the determined listen-before-talk failure ratio of the TRP-TCI set.

[0416] According to an embodiment of the method, the LBT state may be determined based on the interference level of the determined TRP-TCI set.

[0417] Embodiments of a WTRU including at least one processor are also disclosed and described. The at least one processor may be configured to:

[0418] receiving configuration information from a network regarding a plurality of transmission-reception points (TRPs) and a plurality of transmission configuration information (TCIs) for operation of the WTRU in a shared or unlicensed spectrum;

[0419] Determine an indication scheme according to the received configuration information, the determined indication scheme comprising a first indicator and a second indicator;

[0420] executing a listen-before-talk LBT state, and determining a channel uncertainty level according to the executed LBT state;

[0421] determining a TRP-TCI group based on the first indicator, and determining a TRP-TCI set within the determined TRP-TCI group according to the second indicator;

[0422] Based on the determined channel uncertainty level of the TRP-TCI set, a report of the listen-before-talk state LBT state is transmitted to the network;

[0423] receiving, after transmitting the report, an indication of scheduled resources for the determined TRP-TCI set from the network; and

[0424] A physical downlink shared channel PDSCH transmission is received or a physical uplink shared channel PUSCH transmission is transmitted according to the indicated scheduling resources.

[0425] According to an embodiment, the second indicator may indicate a TRP-TCI set of a first size and a TRP-TCI set of a second size larger than the first size, and the channel uncertainty level may determine the TRP-TCI set of the first size or the TRP-TCI set of the second size.

[0426] According to an embodiment of the WTRU, at least one processor may be configured to select a TRP-TCI set of a first size for a first channel uncertainty level, and to select a TRP-TCI set of a second size for a second channel uncertainty level higher than the first channel uncertainty level.

[0427] According to an embodiment of the WTRU, at least one processor may be configured to determine the LBT state by performing energy detection.

[0428] According to an embodiment of the WTRU, at least one processor may be configured to determine the LBT state based on a ratio of ACK to NACK for the determined TRP-TCI set.

[0429] According to an embodiment of the WTRU, at least one processor may be configured to determine the LBT state based on a listen-before-talk failure ratio of a determined TRP-TCI set.

[0430] According to an embodiment of the WTRU, at least one processor may be configured to determine the LBT state based on the interference level of the determined TRP-TCI set.

[0431] in conclusion

[0432] Although features and elements are provided above in specific combinations, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that each feature or element may be used alone or in any combination with other features and elements. The present disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments described in this patent application, which are intended to be illustrations of various aspects. Many modifications and variations can be made without departing from the essence and scope of the present invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Unless explicitly provided as such, any element, action or description used in the present application specification should not be understood as being essential or necessary to the present invention. According to the foregoing description, in addition to those listed herein, functionally equivalent methods and devices within the scope of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The present disclosure is limited only to the terms of the appended claims and the full range of equivalent forms of such entitled claims. It is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to a specific method or system.

[0433] For simplicity, the foregoing embodiments are discussed with respect to terminology and structure of infrared capable devices (i.e., infrared transmitters and receivers). However, the embodiments discussed are not limited to these systems, but may be applied to other systems using other forms of electromagnetic waves or non-electromagnetic waves (such as sound waves).

[0434] It is also to be understood that the terms used herein are used for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the term "video" or the term "image" may mean any of a snapshot, a single image, and / or a plurality of images displayed on a temporal basis. As another example, when referred to herein, the term "user equipment" and its abbreviation "UE", the term "remote" and / or the term "head mounted display" or its abbreviation "HMD" may mean or include (i) a wireless transmission and / or reception unit (WTRU); (ii) any of a plurality of embodiments of the WTRU; (iii) a device having wireless functionality and / or having wired functionality (e.g., tetherable) configured with (in particular) some or all of the structure and functionality of the WTRU; (iii) a wireless capable and / or wired capable device configured with less than all of the structure and functionality of the WTRU; or (iv) the like. References herein to "a wireless capable and / or wired capable device" may refer to or include (i) a wireless transmitting and / or receiving unit (WTRU); (ii) any of a plurality of embodiments of the WTRU; (iii) a wireless capable and / or wired capable device (e.g., tetherable) configured with (in particular) some or all of the structure and functionality of the WTRU; (iii) a wireless capable and / or wired capable device configured with less than all of the structure and functionality of the WTRU; or (iv) the like. Figures 1A to 1D Details of an example WTRU are provided that may represent any WTRU described herein. As another example, various disclosed embodiments herein are described above and below as utilizing a head mounted display. Those skilled in the art will recognize that devices other than head mounted displays may be utilized and that some or all of the disclosure and various disclosed embodiments may be modified accordingly without undue experimentation. Examples of such other devices may include drones or other devices configured to stream information to provide an adapted reality experience.

[0435] In addition, the methods provided herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware incorporated into a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted via a wired or wireless connection) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media (such as built-in hard disks and removable disks), magneto-optical media, and optical media (such as CD-ROM disks and digital versatile disks (DVDs)). A processor associated with the software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

[0436] Variations of the methods, devices, and systems provided above are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention. In view of the various embodiments that may be applied, it should be understood that the illustrated embodiments are merely examples and should not be considered to limit the scope of the following claims. For example, the embodiments provided herein include handheld devices that may include or be used with any suitable voltage source (such as a battery and the like) that provides any suitable voltage.

[0437] In addition, in the embodiments provided above, processing platforms, computing systems, controllers and other devices including processors are indicated. These devices may include at least one central processing unit ("CPU") and memory. According to the practice of those skilled in the art of computer programming, references to the symbolic representations of actions and operations or instructions may be performed by various CPUs and memories. Such actions and operations or instructions may be considered to be "executed", "computer executed" or "CPU executed".

[0438] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the actions and symbolic representations of operations or instructions include manipulation of electrical signals by the CPU. The electrical system represents data bits that may result in the ultimate transformation of electrical signals or reduction of electrical signals and the retention of data bits at memory locations in the memory system, thereby reconfiguring or otherwise changing the operation of the CPU and performing other processing of signals. The memory location that holds the data bits is a physical location that has specific electrical, magnetic, optical, or organic properties that correspond to or represent the data bits. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the above-mentioned platforms or CPUs, and other platforms and CPUs may also support the provided methods.

[0439] The data bits may also be maintained on a computer-readable medium, including magnetic disks, optical disks, and any other volatile (e.g., random access memory ("RAM")) or non-volatile (e.g., read-only memory (ROM)) mass storage system readable by a CPU. The computer-readable medium may include cooperating or interconnected computer-readable media that reside solely on a processing system or distributed across multiple interconnected processing systems that may be local or remote relative to the processing system. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the above-mentioned memories, and other platforms and memories may also support the provided methods.

[0440] In an illustrative embodiment, any of the operations, processes, etc. described herein may be implemented as computer-readable instructions stored on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable instructions may be executed by a processor of a mobile unit, a network element, and / or any other computing device.

[0441] There is little distinction between hardware and software implementations of various aspects of the system. The use of hardware or software is typically (but not always, as the choice between hardware and software may become important in certain contexts) a design choice that represents a trade-off between cost and efficiency. There may be a variety of media (e.g., hardware, software, and / or firmware) that can implement the processes and / or systems and / or other technologies described herein, and the preferred media may vary with the context of the deployment process and / or system and / or other technologies. For example, if the implementer determines that speed and accuracy are most important, the implementer may choose a media that is primarily hardware and / or firmware. If flexibility is most important, the implementer may choose a primarily software implementation. Alternatively, the implementer may choose some combination of hardware, software, and / or firmware.

[0442] The above detailed description has been described various embodiments of the device and / or process by using block diagrams, flow charts and / or examples. Where such block diagrams, flow charts and / or examples include one or more functions and / or operations, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that each function and / or operation within such block diagrams, flow charts or examples may be implemented individually and / or collectively by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware or almost any combination thereof. In an embodiment, several parts of the subject matter described herein may be implemented via an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a digital signal processor (DSP) and / or other integrated formats. However, it will be recognized by those skilled in the art that some aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in whole or in part in an integrated circuit as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), firmware or almost any combination thereof, and according to the present disclosure, designing circuits and / or writing software and / or firmware codes will be completely within the technical scope of those skilled in the art. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein may be distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and that the illustrative embodiments of the subject matter described herein apply regardless of the specific type of signal-bearing medium used to actually perform the distribution. Examples of signal-bearing media include, but are not limited to, the following: recordable type media (such as floppy disks, hard drives, CDs, DVDs, digital tapes, computer memory, etc.); and transmission type media (such as digital and / or analog communication media (e.g., fiber optic cables, waveguides, wired communication links, wireless communication links, etc.)).

[0443] Those skilled in the art will recognize that it is common in the art to describe devices and / or processes in the manner set forth herein, and thereafter use engineering practices to integrate such described devices and / or processes into a data processing system. That is, at least a portion of the devices and / or processes described herein can be integrated into a data processing system via a reasonable amount of experimentation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a typical data processing system generally may include one or more of the following: a system unit housing; a video display device; a memory, such as a volatile memory and a non-volatile memory; a processor, such as a microprocessor and a digital signal processor; a computing entity, such as an operating system, a driver, a graphical user interface, and an application; one or more interactive devices, such as a touch pad or a screen; and / or a control system, including a feedback loop and a control motor (e.g., feedback for sensing position and / or velocity, a control motor for moving and / or adjusting components and / or quantities). A typical data processing system may be implemented using any suitable commercially available components, such as those typically found in data computing / communication and / or network computing / communication systems.

[0444] The subject matter described herein sometimes illustrates different components included in or connected to different other components.It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and in fact many other architectures that achieve the same function can be realized.In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components that achieve the same function is effectively "associated" so that the desired function can be achieved.Therefore, any two components that are combined to achieve a specific function in this article can be regarded as "associated" with each other so that the desired function is achieved, regardless of the architecture or intermediate components.Similarly, any two components so associated can also be regarded as "operably connected" or "operably coupled" to each other to achieve the desired function, and any two components that can be so associated can also be regarded as "operably coupleable" to each other to achieve the desired function.Specific examples of operable coupling include, but are not limited to, components that can physically cooperate and / or physically interact and / or components that can wirelessly interact and / or wirelessly interact and / or components that can logically interact and / or components that can logically interact.

[0445] With respect to substantially any plural and / or singular terms used herein, those skilled in the art may translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural, as appropriate, as appropriate to the context and / or application. For clarity, various singular / plural arrangements may be expressly set forth herein.

[0446] Those skilled in the art will understand that, in general, the terms used herein, especially in the appended claims (e.g., the bodies of the appended claims), are generally intended to be "open" terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to", the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least", the term "comprising" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to", etc.). Those skilled in the art will also understand that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such intent will be explicitly stated in the claim, and in the absence of such a recitation, there is no such intent. For example, where only one item is intended, the term "single" or similar language may be used. To aid understanding, the following appended claims and / or the description herein may include the use of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed as implying that any particular claim including such an introduced claim recitation is limited to an embodiment including only one such recitation by the indefinite article "a" or "an" to introduce the claim recitation. This is true even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and an indefinite article such as "a" or "a kind" (e.g., "a" and / or "a kind" should be interpreted as meaning "at least one" or "one or more"). The same applies to the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of introduced claim recitations is explicitly recited, one skilled in the art will recognize that such a recitation should be interpreted as meaning at least the stated number (e.g., a bare recitation of "two recitations" without other modifiers means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). In addition, in those instances where a convention similar to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." is used, generally speaking, the meaning of such a construction is that one skilled in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" would include, but is not limited to, a system having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B simultaneously, A and C simultaneously, B and C simultaneously, and / or A, B, and C simultaneously, etc.). In those instances where a convention similar to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, generally speaking, such construction is meant to be understood by one skilled in the art (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include, but is not limited to, a system having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B simultaneously, A and C simultaneously, B and C simultaneously, and / or A, B, and C simultaneously, etc.).Those skilled in the art will further understand that, in fact, any separate words and / or phrases presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the specification, claims or drawings, should be understood to consider the possibility of including one of the terms, any of the terms or both of the terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" will be understood to include the possibility of "A" or "B" or "A and B". In addition, as used herein, the term "any of..." followed by a description of multiple items and / or multiple item categories is intended to include "any of", "any combination", "any multiples" and / or "any combination of multiples" of items and / or item categories, either alone or in combination with other items and / or other item categories. In addition, as used herein, the term "set" is intended to include any number of items, including zero. In addition, as used herein, the term "quantity" is intended to include any number, including zero. And, as used herein, the term "multiple" is intended to be synonymous with "multiple".

[0447] In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure is also described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group.

[0448] As will be understood by those skilled in the art, for any and all purposes (such as in terms of providing a written description), all ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible sub-ranges and combinations of their sub-ranges. Any range of elaboration can be easily identified as fully describing and enabling the same range to be divided into at least equal halves, one-third, one-quarter, one-fifth, one-tenth, etc. As a non-limiting example, each range discussed herein can be easily divided into a lower third, a middle third, and an upper third, etc. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, all languages ​​such as "up to", "at least", "greater than", "less than", and the like include the cited numbers and refer to the ranges that can be subsequently divided into sub-ranges as described above. Finally, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, the range includes each individual number. Therefore, for example, a group with 1-3 units refers to a group with 1, 2 or 3 units. Similarly, a group with 1-5 units refers to a group with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 units, etc.

[0449] Furthermore, the claims should not be read as limited to the order or elements presented unless otherwise stated. Additionally, the use of the term "means for..." in any claim is intended to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112, 6 or means-plus-function claim format, and any claim without the term "means for..." is not intended to be so.

Claims

1. A method implemented by a wireless receive-transmit unit WTRU in a network, wherein the method comprises: receiving configuration information from a network regarding a plurality of transmission-reception points (TRPs) and a plurality of transmission configuration information (TCIs) for operation of the WTRU in a shared or unlicensed spectrum; Determine an indication scheme according to the received configuration information, the determined indication scheme comprising a first indicator and a second indicator; executing a listen-before-talk LBT state, and determining a channel uncertainty level according to the executed LBT state; determining a TRP-TCI group based on the first indicator, and determining a TRP-TCI set within the determined TRP-TCI group according to the second indicator; Based on the determined channel uncertainty level of the TRP-TCI set, report the listen-before-talk state LBT state to the network; After the reporting, receiving from the network an indication of scheduled resources for the determined TRP-TCI set; and A physical downlink shared channel PDSCH transmission is received or a physical uplink shared channel PUSCH transmission is transmitted according to the indicated scheduling resources.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the second indicator indicates a TRP-TCI set of a first size and a TRP-TCI set of a second size that is larger than the first size, and wherein a channel uncertainty level determines the TRP-TCI set of the first size or the TRP-TCI set of the second size.

3. The method according to claim 2, comprising: A TRP-TCI set of a first size is selected for a first channel uncertainty level, and a TRP-TCI set of a second size is selected for a second channel uncertainty level that is higher than the first channel uncertainty level.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the LBT state is determined by performing energy detection.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the LBT state is determined based on the ratio of ACK to NACK of the determined TRP-TCI set.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the LBT state is determined based on the determined listen-before-talk failure ratio of the TRP-TCI set.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the LBT state is determined based on the interference level of the determined TRP-TCI set.

8. A wireless receive-transmit unit WTRU in a network, the WTRU comprising at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: receiving configuration information from a network regarding a plurality of transmission-reception points (TRPs) and a plurality of transmission configuration information (TCIs) for operation of the WTRU in a shared or unlicensed spectrum; Determine an indication scheme according to the received configuration information, the determined indication scheme comprising a first indicator and a second indicator; executing a listen-before-talk LBT state, and determining a channel uncertainty level according to the executed LBT state; determining a TRP-TCI group based on the first indicator, and determining a TRP-TCI set within the determined TRP-TCI group according to the second indicator; Based on the determined channel uncertainty level of the TRP-TCI set, a report of the listen-before-talk state LBT state is transmitted to the network; receiving, after transmitting the report, an indication of scheduled resources for the determined TRP-TCI set from the network; and A physical downlink shared channel PDSCH transmission is received or a physical uplink shared channel PUSCH transmission is transmitted according to the indicated scheduling resources.

9. The WTRU of claim 8, wherein the second indicator indicates a TRP-TCI set of a first size and a TRP-TCI set of a second size that is larger than the first size, and wherein a channel uncertainty level determines the TRP-TCI set of the first size or the TRP-TCI set of the second size.

10. The WTRU of claim 9, wherein at least one processor is configured to select a TRP-TCI set of a first size for a first channel uncertainty level, and to select a TRP-TCI set of a second size for a second channel uncertainty level that is higher than the first channel uncertainty level.

11. The WTRU of any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein at least one processor is configured to determine the LBT state by performing energy detection.

12. A WTRU according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein at least one processor is configured to determine the LBT state based on a ratio of ACK to NACK of the determined TRP-TCI set.

13. The WTRU of any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein at least one processor is configured to determine the LBT state based on a listen-before-talk failure ratio of the determined TRP-TCI set.

14. The WTRU of any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein at least one processor is configured to determine the LBT state based on the interference level of the determined TRP-TCI set.

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