Carbon trading method and system in traffic transportation industry

Abstract

The invention provides a carbon transaction method and system for the transportation industry, and the method comprises the following steps: dividing the transportation modes of the industry into land transportation, air transportation and waterway transportation according to the comprehensiveness of the transportation industry; respectively carrying out carbon emission accounting on the three types of transportation modes; summarizing land transportation, air transportation and waterway transportation to calculate the total carbon emission amount of the enterprise; a carbon emission accounting model is constructed, and the total carbon emission amount of each enterprise is calculated; each enterprise allocates the carbon quota according to the allocation proportion; carbon quota transaction: dynamically collecting demand and supply conditions of the buyer and the seller by adopting a principle of combining bilateral auction and dynamic pricing, and jointly determining a final transaction price by the buyer and the seller; identity verification of the buyer and the seller is completed in the transaction process, the transaction is executed through an intelligent contract, and carbon quota transfer and fund payment are achieved. And recording the transaction data in a database in real time. According to the invention, a more accurate, transparent and sustainable operation mechanism is constructed for carbon transaction in the transportation industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of carbon emissions, and particularly to a carbon trading method and system for the transportation industry. Background Art

[0003] In recent years, some countries and regions have incorporated the transportation industry into the mandatory carbon trading system. For example, since 2012, the European Union Emission Trading System (EUETS) has included air transportation in the carbon emission trading system, requiring airlines to hold corresponding quotas according to their emissions and trade the surplus quotas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a carbon trading method and system for the transportation industry, focusing on carbon trading in the transportation industry, clarifying the trading process and the flow of carbon emission rights.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above technical objectives through the following technical means.

[0006] A carbon trading method for the transportation industry includes the following steps:

[0007] According to the comprehensiveness of the transportation industry, the industry transportation modes are divided into three categories: land transportation, air transportation, and water transportation; the carbon emissions of the three transportation modes are calculated separately; the total carbon emissions of the enterprise are calculated by summarizing land transportation, air transportation, and water transportation;

[0008] Construct a carbon emission accounting model to calculate the total carbon emissions of each enterprise;

[0009] Each enterprise allocates carbon quotas according to the allocation ratio;

[0010] For the trading of carbon quotas, the principle of combining bilateral auction and dynamic pricing is adopted, dynamically collecting the demand and supply of both the buyer and the seller, and the buyer and the seller jointly determine the final transaction price;

[0011] During the transaction process, the identities of both the buyer and the seller are verified, and the transaction is executed through a smart contract to achieve the transfer of carbon quotas and the payment of funds;

[0012] Record the transaction data in the database in real time.

[0013] Further, the calculation of carbon emissions of the three transportation modes includes the following steps:

[0014] Determine the accounting boundary of each transportation mode of the enterprise;

[0015] Identify the emission sources;

[0016] Collect activity level data;

[0017] Select and obtain emission factor data;

[0018] Calculate the carbon emissions of each emission source.

[0019] Furthermore, in the carbon emission accounting steps for the three types of transportation modes, the specific selection and acquisition of emission factor data are as follows:

[0020] The carbon emission factors in land transportation include the carbon dioxide emission factor of fossil fuels, the carbon dioxide emission factor of heat supply, and the carbon dioxide emission factor of the power grid;

[0021] The carbon emission factors in air transportation include the carbon dioxide emission factor of fossil fuels, the carbon dioxide emission factor of biomass fuels, the carbon dioxide emission factor of heat supply, and the carbon dioxide emission factor of the power grid;

[0022] The carbon emission factors in water transportation include the carbon dioxide emission factor of fossil fuels, the carbon dioxide emission factor of heat supply, and the carbon dioxide emission factor of the power grid;

[0023] The specific calculation is as follows:

[0024] The calculation methods for the carbon dioxide emission factors of fossil fuels are as follows:

[0025] EF i = CC i × OF i × 44 / 12

[0026] In the formula:

[0027] EF i is the carbon dioxide emission factor of the i-th type of fossil fuel;

[0028] CC i is the carbon content per unit calorific value of the i-th type of fossil fuel, with the unit of ton carbon per million kilojoules (tC / GJD);

[0029] OF i is the carbon oxidation rate of the i-th type of fossil fuel;

[0030] 44 / 12 is the molecular weight ratio of carbon dioxide to carbon.

[0031] The carbon dioxide emission factor of heat supply is 0.11 tC / GJD, denoted as EF 热力 ;

[0032] The carbon dioxide emission factor of the power grid is obtained according to the power grid area to which the enterprise's purchased electricity belongs, based on the annual average carbon dioxide emission factor of the corresponding regional power grid. Let j represent the power grid division area, and EF j is the carbon dioxide emission factor of the power grid in the j-th area;

[0033] The calculation methods for the carbon dioxide emission factors of biomass fuels are as follows:

[0034] EF k = CC k × OF k × 44 / 12

[0035] Where:

[0036] k is the type of biomass blended fuel;

[0037] CC k is the carbon content per unit calorific value of the k-th biomass fuel, in tons of carbon per million kilojoules;

[0038] OF k is the carbon oxidation rate of the k-th biomass fuel.

[0039] Furthermore, in the carbon emission accounting steps for the three types of transportation modes, to calculate the carbon emissions of each emission source, specifically:

[0040] A. The formula for calculating the carbon emissions of each emission source in land transportation is:

[0041] E 陆上交通运输 = E 燃烧 + E 过程 + E 电力 + E 热力

[0042] Where:

[0043] E 陆上交通运输 is the total carbon dioxide emissions from the enterprise's land transportation, in tons of CO2 (tCO2);

[0044] E 燃烧 is the greenhouse gas emissions generated from the combustion activities of various fossil fuels consumed net by the enterprise's land transportation;

[0045] E 过程 is the CO2 emissions generated from the use of reducing agents such as urea during the tail gas purification process of the enterprise's transportation vehicles;

[0046] E 电力 is the CO2 emissions implicit in the electricity purchased net by the enterprise;

[0047] E 热力 is the CO2 emissions implicit in the heat purchased net by the enterprise, in tons of CO2.

[0048] The formula for calculating the greenhouse gas emissions generated from the combustion activities of various fossil fuels consumed net by the enterprise's land transportation is:

[0049]

[0050] In the formula:

[0051] E 燃烧 is the greenhouse gas emissions generated from burning fossil fuels during the accounting period;

[0052] is the CO2 emissions generated from burning fossil fuels during the accounting period;

[0053] is the CH4 emissions generated from burning fossil fuels by transport vehicles during the accounting period;

[0054] is the N2O emissions generated from burning fossil fuels by transport vehicles during the accounting period.

[0055]

[0056] In the formula:

[0057] AD i is the activity level of the i-th fossil fuel during the accounting period, in units of million kilojoules (GJ); where the activity level AD of the i-th fossil fuel during the accounting period i The calculation formula is: AD i = FC i × NCV i ; in the formula, FC i is the consumption of the i-th fossil fuel used for fuel during the accounting period; NCV i is the average net calorific value of the i-th fossil fuel during the accounting period;

[0058] EF i is the carbon dioxide emission factor of the i-th fossil fuel, in units of tons of CO2 (tCO2);

[0059] The calculation formulas for the CH4 emissions and N2O emissions generated from burning fossil fuels by transport vehicles during the accounting period are:

[0060]

[0061] In the formula:

[0062] Σk a is the total driving mileage of all transport vehicles during the accounting period, in units of kilometers (km);

[0063] is the methane emission factor, in units of milligrams of methane per kilometer (mgCH4 / km);

[0064] is the nitrous oxide emission factor, in units of milligrams of nitrous oxide per kilometer (mgN2O / km);

[0065] The global warming potentials of CH4 and N2O, respectively;

[0066] The CO2 emissions E generated by the enterprise's transport vehicles during the exhaust gas purification process due to the use of reducing agents such as urea 过程 , and the calculation formula is:

[0067] E 过程 = M × 12 / 60 × P × 44 / 12 × 10 -3

[0068] Where:

[0069] M is the mass of the urea additive consumed by the catalytic converter during the accounting period, in kilograms (kg);

[0070] P is the mass ratio of urea in the urea additive;

[0071] The CO2 emissions E implied by the net purchased electricity used during the accounting period 电力 , and the calculation formula is:

[0072]

[0073] Where:

[0074] AD j is the net purchased electricity of the jth regional power grid during the accounting period, in megawatt-hours (MWh);

[0075] EF j is the average CO2 emission factor of the power supply of the jth regional power grid;

[0076] The CO2 emissions E implied by the net purchased heat used 热力 , and the calculation formula:

[0077] E 热力 = ∑AD 热力 × EF 热力

[0078] Where:

[0079] AD 热力 is the net purchased heat quantity;

[0080] EF 热力 is the carbon dioxide emission factor of heat supply;

[0081] B. The calculation formula for the carbon emissions of each emission source in air transportation is:

[0082] E 航空运输 = E′ 燃烧 + E′ 电力 + E′ 热力

[0083] In the formula:

[0084] E 航空运输 is the total carbon dioxide emissions of air transportation enterprises;

[0085] E′ 燃烧 is the total carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion of air transportation enterprises, including carbon dioxide emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels and biomass blended fuels;

[0086] E′ 电力 is the total carbon dioxide emissions from the net purchased electricity used by air transportation enterprises;

[0087] E′ 热力 is the total carbon dioxide emissions from the net purchased heat used by air transportation enterprises;

[0088] The formula for calculating the total carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion of air transportation enterprises is:

[0089]

[0090] AD k = FC k × NCV k × 10 -6 × (1 - BF k )

[0091] In the formula:

[0092] AD i is the activity level of the i-th fossil fuel;

[0093] EF i is the carbon dioxide emission factor of the i-th fossil fuel;

[0094] AD k is the activity level of the k-th biomass blended fuel;

[0095] FC k is the consumption of the k-th biomass blended fuel, in t;

[0096] NCV k is the net calorific value of the k-th biomass blended fuel, in kJ / kg;

[0097] BF k is the biomass content (%) in the j-th biomass blended fuel;

[0098] EF k is the carbon dioxide emission factor of the k-th biomass fuel;

[0099] The total carbon dioxide emissions from the net purchase of electricity used by air transportation enterprises are calculated as follows:

[0100]

[0101] Where:

[0102] AD j is the net purchased electricity in the jth regional power grid during the accounting period;

[0103] EF j is the average CO2 emission factor for power supply in the jth regional power grid.

[0104] The total carbon dioxide emissions E′ from the heat production link corresponding to the net purchase of heat by air transportation enterprises 热力 , are calculated as:

[0105] E′ 热力 = ∑AD 热力 ×EF 热力

[0106] Where:

[0107] AD 热力 is the amount of heat power purchased;

[0108] EF 热力 is the carbon dioxide emission factor for heat supply;

[0109] C. The carbon emission calculation formula for each emission source in waterway transportation is:

[0110] E 水路交通运输 = E 水运 + E 港口

[0111] Where:

[0112] E 水运 is the total carbon emissions from ship fuel combustion during the accounting period of waterway transportation enterprises;

[0113] E 港口 is the total carbon emissions from activities such as loading, unloading production, and auxiliary production in ports during the accounting period of waterway transportation; the total carbon emissions E 水运 from ship fuel combustion during the accounting period of waterway transportation enterprises is calculated as:

[0114] E 水运 = E″ 燃 ″ 烧

[0115] Where:

[0116] E″ 燃 ″ 烧For calculating the carbon emissions from the combustion of all fossil fuels in the waterway transportation activities during the accounting period of a waterway transportation enterprise,

[0117]

[0118] In the formula:

[0119] FC i is the consumption of the i-th type of fossil fuel used for combustion during the accounting period of the waterway transportation enterprise;

[0120] C fi is the dimensionless conversion coefficient between the consumption of the i-th type of fossil fuel of the waterway transportation enterprise and the carbon dioxide emissions based on the carbon content;

[0121] The total carbon emissions E 港口 generated by the port during the accounting period of waterway transportation is calculated as follows:

[0122] E 港口 = E′′′ 燃烧 + E′′′ 电力 + E′′′ 热力

[0123] In the formula:

[0124] E′′′ 燃烧 is the carbon emissions generated by the combustion of various fossil fuels consumed in the port activities during the accounting period;

[0125] E′′′ 电力 is the carbon emissions embodied in the net purchased electricity for port operation during the accounting period;

[0126] E′′′ 热力 is the carbon emissions embodied in the net purchased heat for port operation during the accounting period.

[0127] The carbon emissions generated by the combustion of various fossil fuels consumed in the port activities during the accounting period are calculated as follows:

[0128]

[0129] In the formula:

[0130] AD i is the activity level data of the i-th type of fossil fuel during the accounting period;

[0131] EF i is the carbon dioxide emission factor for the combustion of the i-th type of fossil fuel;

[0132] The carbon emissions E′′′ 电力 embodied in the net purchased electricity for port operation during the accounting period is calculated as follows:

[0133]

[0134] Wherein:

[0135] AD j is the net electricity purchased from the j-th regional power grid during the accounting period;

[0136] EF j is the average CO2 emission factor of power supply in the j-th regional power grid;

[0137] The carbon emissions E″′ implicit in the net purchased heat by the port operation during the accounting period 热力 , and the calculation formula is:

[0138] E″′ 热力 = ∑AD 热力 ×EF 热力

[0139] Wherein:

[0140] AD 热力 is the net purchased heat quantity;

[0141] EF 热力 is the carbon dioxide emission factor of heat supply.

[0142] Furthermore, the allocation ratio is determined by the historical carbon emission levels and historical data of different transportation modes of each enterprise; for newly established enterprises, the allocation is made according to the lowest quota, or the allocation ratio is given after expert evaluation.

[0143] Furthermore, the principle of combining the bilateral auction with dynamic pricing is specifically as follows:

[0144] The buyer determines the bid price according to the demand quantity, payment ability and initial price;

[0145] The seller determines the asking price according to the holding quantity of its carbon quota, expected income and initial price;

[0146] The trading platform gives a recommended trading price before the two parties make their bids;

[0147] According to the recommended price of the trading platform, after the bilateral auction of the buyer and the seller is matched, the final trading price is formed.

[0148] Furthermore, the trading platform gives a recommended trading price before the two parties make their bids, specifically as follows:

[0149] The trading platform obtains the dynamic curve graphs of the real-time bid prices of the buyers and the asking prices of the sellers, price fluctuations and historical trading data;

[0150] The trading platform gives a recommended trading price before the two parties make their bids, specifically as follows:

[0151] P(t) = P(t - 1) × (1 + α × D(t) + β × σ(t))

[0152] Wherein:

[0153] P(t) is the recommended price at the t-th time;

[0154] P(t - 1) is the recommended price at the (t - 1)-th time;

[0155] α is the supply - demand factor adjustment coefficient;

[0156] β is the volatility adjustment coefficient;

[0157] σ(t) is the standard deviation of price fluctuation at the t-th recommendation;

[0158] D(t) is the market demand change factor at the t-th recommendation;

[0159]

[0160] A system for the carbon trading method in the transportation industry as described above, comprising a carbon accounting boundary definition module, a multi - source data fusion module, a carbon quota allocation module, and an intelligent trading execution module;

[0161] The multi - source data fusion module is used to obtain historical data and real - time data acquisition for land transportation, aviation, and water transportation respectively; the carbon accounting boundary definition module is used to determine the carbon emissions of each emission source in land transportation, aviation, and water transportation, and determine the total carbon emissions of the enterprise; the carbon quota allocation module determines the allocation ratio for each enterprise according to the historical carbon emission levels of different transportation modes of each enterprise, and allocates carbon quotas; the intelligent trading execution module is used to complete carbon quota trading.

[0162] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0163] 1. The carbon trading method and system in the transportation industry as described in the present invention consider the cross - cutting and comprehensive nature of the transportation industry. For different enterprises in the transportation industry, the transportation modes involved by the enterprises are divided into three categories, the total carbon emissions of the enterprises are calculated, and at the same time, historical carbon emission levels and real - time market supply - demand factors are considered to ensure the rationality and dynamic adaptability of carbon quota allocation and trading prices, and a carbon emission accounting model and a carbon trading system for the transportation industry are constructed.

[0164] 2. The carbon trading method and system in the transportation industry as described in the present invention construct a carbon trading system combining bilateral auction and dynamic pricing, realize the effective collection and management of carbon emissions in the transportation industry and the fairness of carbon trading, use decentralized identity authentication technology and smart contracts to guarantee the privacy and fairness of the trading process, and the combination of zero - knowledge proof technology and decentralized database enables the system to achieve secure data storage and real - time update, improving the reliability and transparency of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0165] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. The drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, it is obvious that other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0166] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the carbon trading method for the transportation industry described in the present invention.

[0167] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of data acquisition described in the present invention.

[0168] Figure 3 It is a flowchart of dynamic pricing described in the present invention.

[0169] Figure 4 It is a flowchart of carbon trading described in the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0170] The following will describe in detail the embodiments of the present invention. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions from beginning to end. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0171] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "axial", "radial", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0172] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, terms such as "installation", "connection", "linkage", "fixation" shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0173] As Figure 1 shown, the carbon trading method for the transportation industry of the present invention specifically comprises the following steps:

[0174] S01: According to the comprehensiveness of the transportation industry, divide the industry transportation modes into three categories: land transportation, air transportation, and water transportation. Divide the carbon emission accounting boundaries of each transportation mode, and identify the emission sources and their emission factors of fuel combustion, tail gas purification, and electricity and heat consumption.

[0175] Among them, the carbon emission accounting includes the following steps: determining the accounting boundaries of each transportation mode of the enterprise; identifying the emission sources; collecting activity level data; selecting and obtaining emission factor data; calculating the carbon emissions of each emission source.

[0176] Focusing on the transportation industry and targeting each enterprise in the transportation industry, such as airlines, shipping companies, ports, railway administrations, warehousing and postal services, logistics companies, road passenger and freight transportation enterprises, etc. The transportation modes mainly involved in the transportation industry are summarized into three categories: land transportation, air transportation, and water transportation. The carbon emissions accounting for land transportation, air transportation, and water transportation will be specifically carried out below:

[0177] 1. Land transportation

[0178] 1.1. The accounting boundaries of land transportation mainly include road transportation enterprises, including highway passenger transportation enterprises, road freight transportation enterprises, urban bus and trolleybus transportation enterprises, taxi transportation enterprises, urban rail transit transportation enterprises, highway maintenance and repair enterprises, highway operation and management enterprises, and railway transportation enterprises.

[0179] 1.2. Identifying the emission sources: The emission sources of land transportation include the emissions from fossil fuel combustion, the emissions during the tail gas purification process, and the greenhouse gas emissions implicit in the net purchased electricity and heat of the enterprise.

[0180] 1.3. Collecting the activity level data: The activity level data of land transportation is the driving mileage of different vehicle models, fuel types, and emission standards of the enterprise's transportation vehicles during the accounting period; as Figure 2 shown, the ways to obtain the activity level data include obtaining historical data and obtaining real-time data.

[0181] 1.4. Select and obtain emission factor data; the carbon emission factors involved in transportation modes are mainly three types: carbon dioxide emission factors of fossil fuels, carbon dioxide emission factors of heat supply, and carbon dioxide emission factors of the power grid.

[0182] The calculation methods for the carbon dioxide emission factors of fossil fuels are as follows:

[0183] EF i = CC i × OF i × 44 / 12

[0184] In the formula:

[0185] EF i is the carbon dioxide emission factor of the i-th type of fossil fuel;

[0186] CC i is the carbon content per unit calorific value of the i-th type of fossil fuel, with the unit of ton carbon per million kilojoules (tC / GJD);

[0187] OF i is the carbon oxidation rate of the i-th type of fossil fuel;

[0188] 44 / 12 is the ratio of the molecular weights of carbon dioxide and carbon.

[0189] The carbon dioxide emission factor of heat supply is 0.11 tC / GJD, denoted as EF 热力 ;

[0190] The carbon dioxide emission factor of the power grid is calculated by selecting the average carbon dioxide emission factor of the corresponding regional power grid published by the national competent department in the most recent year according to the power grid to which the enterprise purchases electricity and the current power grid division of Northeast, North China, East China, Central China, Northwest China, and South China. For the convenience of explanation, j represents the power grid division area, and EF j is the carbon dioxide emission factor of the power grid in the j-th region.

[0191] 1.5. Calculate the carbon emissions of each emission source: The total greenhouse gas carbon emissions of land transportation enterprises are equal to the sum of all fossil fuel combustion emissions, emissions during tail gas purification, and greenhouse gas emissions implicit in the enterprise's net purchased electricity and heat within the enterprise's operation boundary. The calculation formula is:

[0192] E 陆上交通运输 = E 燃烧 + E 过程 + E 电力 + E 热力

[0193] In the formula:

[0194] E 陆上交通运输is the total amount of carbon dioxide emissions from the enterprise's land transportation, in tons of CO2 (tCO2);

[0195] E 燃烧 is the greenhouse gas emissions generated from the combustion of various fossil fuels consumed net by the enterprise's land transportation;

[0196] E 过程 is the CO2 emissions generated from the use of reducing agents such as urea in the tail gas purification process of the enterprise's transport vehicles;

[0197] E 电力 is the CO2 emissions embodied in the electricity net purchased by the enterprise;

[0198] E 热力 is the CO2 emissions embodied in the heat net purchased by the enterprise, in tons of CO2 (tCO2).

[0199] Among them, the greenhouse gas emissions generated from the combustion of fuels are the sum of the greenhouse gas emissions generated from the combustion of various fossil fuels during the accounting period of the enterprise. Highway passenger transport enterprises, road freight transport enterprises, urban bus and trolleybus transport enterprises, and taxi transport enterprises also need to calculate the methane and nitrous oxide emissions generated from the combustion of fossil fuels by transport vehicles. Therefore, the calculation formula for the greenhouse gas emissions generated from the combustion of various fossil fuels consumed net by the enterprise is:

[0200]

[0201] In the formula:

[0202] E 燃烧 is the greenhouse gas emissions generated from the combustion of fossil fuels during the accounting period;

[0203] is the CO2 emissions generated from the combustion of fossil fuels during the accounting period;

[0204] is the CH4 emissions generated from the combustion of fossil fuels by transport vehicles during the accounting period;

[0205] is the N2O emissions generated from the combustion of fossil fuels by transport vehicles during the accounting period.

[0206]

[0207] In the formula:

[0208] AD i is the activity level of the i-th type of fossil fuel during the accounting period, in million gigajoules (GJ); among them, the activity level AD of the i-th type of fossil fuel during the accounting period i The calculation formula is: AD i = FCi ×NCV i ; where FC i is the consumption of the \(i\)th type of fossil fuel used for fuel during the accounting period. For solid or liquid fuels, the unit is ton (t); for gaseous fuels, the unit is \(10^4\) standard cubic meters (\(×10^4\) Nm³); 4 Nm 3 );NCV i is the average net calorific value of the \(i\)th type of fossil fuel during the accounting period. For solid or liquid fuels, the unit is gigajoule per ton (GJ / t); for gaseous fuels, the unit is gigajoule per \(10^4\) standard cubic meters (GJ / 10⁴ Nm³). 4 Nm 3 ).

[0209] EF i is the carbon dioxide emission factor of the \(i\)th type of fossil fuel, with the unit of ton CO₂ (tCO₂);

[0210] i is the type of fossil fuel being burned.

[0211] The calculation formulas for methane and nitrous oxide emissions are as follows:

[0212]

[0213] where:

[0214] Σk a is the total driving mileage of all transport vehicles during the accounting period, with the unit of kilometer (km);

[0215] is the methane emission factor, with the unit of milligram of methane per kilometer (mgCH₄ / km);

[0216] is the nitrous oxide emission factor, with the unit of milligram of nitrous oxide per kilometer (mgN₂O / km);

[0217] are the global warming potentials of CH₄ and N₂O respectively; according to the values recommended in the IPCC Second Assessment Report on a 100-year time scale, the GWP values of CH₄ and N₂O converted to CO₂ equivalent are 21 and 310 respectively.

[0218] According to the type and working principle of the tail gas purifying agent, determine the carbon dioxide emissions generated during the tail gas purification process. The calculation formula for the CO₂ emissions generated by the enterprise's transport vehicles during the tail gas purification process due to the use of reducing agents such as urea is:

[0219] E 过程 =M×12 / 60×P×44 / 12×10 -3

[0220] where:

[0221] E 过程 The carbon dioxide emissions generated by the enterprise's transport vehicles using urea as a tail gas purifying agent during the accounting period;

[0222] M is the mass of urea additive consumed by the catalytic converter during the accounting period, in kilograms (kg);

[0223] P is the mass ratio of urea in the urea additive;

[0224] The CO2 emissions implicit in the net purchased electricity used, and the calculation formula is:

[0225]

[0226] In the formula:

[0227] E 电力 is the CO2 emissions implicit in the net purchased electricity used during the accounting period, in tons (tCO2);

[0228] AD j is the net purchased electricity quantity of the jth regional power grid during the accounting period, in megawatt-hours (MWh);

[0229] EF j is the average CO2 emission factor of power supply of the jth regional power grid.

[0230] The calculation formula for the CO2 emissions implicit in the net purchased heat (such as steam) used:

[0231] E 热力 = ∑AD 热力 × EF 热力

[0232] In the formula:

[0233] E 热力 is the CO2 emissions implicitly generated by the net purchased heat used;

[0234] AD 热力 is the net purchased heat quantity (such as steam quantity);

[0235] EF 热力 is the carbon dioxide emission factor of heat supply.

[0236] 2. Aviation transportation

[0237] 2.1. The greenhouse gas accounting boundary of civil aviation enterprises includes: carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion, that is, the carbon dioxide emissions generated by the full combustion of fuel with oxygen in various types of fixed or mobile combustion equipment (such as boilers, aircraft, gas supply vehicles, power supply vehicles, transport vehicles, etc.) of civil aviation enterprises; and carbon dioxide emissions generated by the net purchased electricity and heat used.

[0238] 2.2. Identification of emission sources: The emission sources of air transportation include carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion, i.e., carbon dioxide emissions generated when fuel is fully burned with oxygen in various types of fixed or mobile combustion equipment (such as boilers, aircraft, gas supply vehicles, power supply vehicles, transport vehicles, etc. of civil aviation enterprises); and carbon dioxide emissions generated from the net purchased use of electricity and heat.

[0239] 2.3. Collection of activity level data: The activity level data of air transportation is the fuel consumption of ships and the net purchased electricity of the power grid; as Figure 2 shown, the acquisition methods of activity level data include historical data acquisition and real-time data acquisition;

[0240] 2.4. Selection and acquisition of emission factor data; The carbon emission factors involved in air transportation are mainly four types: carbon dioxide emission factors of fossil fuels, carbon dioxide emission factors of biomass fuels, carbon dioxide emission factors of heat supply, and carbon dioxide emission factors of the power grid;

[0241] 2.5. Calculation of carbon emissions of each emission source:

[0242] The total greenhouse gas emissions of civil aviation enterprises are equal to the carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion within the enterprise's accounting boundary and the carbon dioxide emissions generated from the net purchased use of electricity and heat; the formula for the total enterprise carbon dioxide emissions is as follows:

[0243] E 航空运输 = E′ 燃烧 + E′ 电力 + E′ 热力

[0244] In the formula:

[0245] E 航空运输 is the total carbon dioxide emissions of air transportation enterprises;

[0246] E′ 燃烧 is the total carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion of air transportation enterprises, including carbon dioxide emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels and biomass mixed fuels;

[0247] E′ 电力 is the total carbon dioxide emissions generated from the net purchased use of electricity by air transportation enterprises;

[0248] E′ 热力 is the total carbon dioxide emissions generated from the net purchased use of heat by air transportation enterprises.

[0249] Among them, the formula for calculating the total carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion is:

[0250]

[0251] AD k = FC k × NCV k × 10 -6 × (1 - BF k )

[0252] EF k = CC k × OF k × 44 / 12

[0253] Where:

[0254] AD i is the activity level of the i-th fossil fuel;

[0255] EF i is the carbon dioxide emission factor of the i-th fossil fuel;

[0256] AD k is the activity level of the k-th biomass blend fuel;

[0257] FC k is the consumption of the k-th biomass blend fuel, in t;

[0258] NCV k is the net calorific value at constant volume of the k-th biomass blend fuel, in kJ / kg;

[0259] BF k is the biomass content (%) in the j-th biomass blend fuel;

[0260] EF k is the carbon dioxide emission factor of the k-th biomass fuel;

[0261] k is the type of biomass blend fuel;

[0262] CC k is the carbon content per unit calorific value of the k-th biomass fuel, in tons of carbon per million kJ;

[0263] OF k is the carbon oxidation rate of the k-th biomass fuel;

[0264] 44 / 12 is the ratio of the molecular weights of carbon dioxide and carbon.

[0265] The total carbon dioxide emissions from the enterprise's net purchased and used electricity are calculated according to the following formula:

[0266]

[0267] Where:

[0268] E′电力 The carbon dioxide emissions generated in the power generation link corresponding to the net purchased electricity

[0269] AD j The net purchased electricity of the jth regional power grid during the accounting period

[0270] EF j The average CO2 emission factor of power supply of the jth regional power grid

[0271] The total carbon dioxide emissions generated by an enterprise from the use of net purchased heat, and the calculation formula is:

[0272] E′ 热力 =∑AD 热力 ×EF 热力

[0273] In the formula:

[0274] E′ 热力 The total carbon dioxide emissions generated by the enterprise from the heat production link corresponding to the net purchased heat

[0275] AD 热力 The amount of heat purchased net

[0276] EF 热力 The carbon dioxide emission factor of heat supply

[0277] 3. Waterway transportation

[0278] 3.1. The accounting boundary of waterway transportation includes carbon emissions generated by all facilities and operations, including two parts: water transportation carbon emissions and port carbon emissions

[0279] (1) The scope of water transportation carbon emission accounting only includes emissions generated by ship fuel combustion, that is, only includes the carbon dioxide emissions generated by the full combustion of ship fuel with oxygen in various types of combustion equipment (ship main engines, auxiliary engines, boilers, incinerators, emergency generators, etc.) during the operation of the ship. It does not include carbon dioxide emissions generated by cylinder oil, does not deduct carbon dioxide emissions generated by the shore treatment of oil residue, does not include emissions caused by enterprise office, official vehicles, energy consumption in employee communities, etc., and does not include port carbon emissions

[0280] (2) The scope of port carbon emission accounting includes direct and indirect emissions caused by energy consumption in activities such as loading and unloading production and auxiliary production in the port area managed by the emission entity. Among them, direct emissions include emissions generated by the combustion of fossil fuels by fuel loading and unloading equipment, on-site transport vehicles, boilers and other combustion equipment owned and managed by the emission entity within the port area; indirect emissions include emissions caused by the purchased electricity, heat, etc. used by the emission entity for its own use within the port area. Emissions generated by road transport vehicles during transportation

[0281] 3.2. Identification of emission sources: Emission sources of waterway transportation include ship fuel consumption, fuel consumption of port activities, net purchased electricity for use, carbon emission factors of heat, etc.

[0282] 3.3. Collection of activity level data: Activity level data of waterway transportation are fossil fuel consumption, biomass blended fuel consumption, and net purchased electricity data. As Figure 2 shown, the methods for obtaining activity level data include obtaining historical data and real-time data;

[0283] 3.4. Selection and acquisition of emission factor data; The carbon emission factors involved in air transportation mainly include three types: carbon dioxide emission factor of fossil fuels, carbon dioxide emission factor of heat supply, and carbon dioxide emission factor of the power grid;

[0284] 3.5. Calculation of carbon emissions of each emission source:

[0285] The total carbon emissions of waterway transportation are equal to the sum of all water transportation carbon emissions and port carbon emissions within the accounting boundary. Among them, only two types of enterprises, namely ship passenger transportation enterprises and waterway cargo transportation enterprises, need to calculate E 水运 , while if a port enterprise has working boats, it needs to calculate E 港口 , that is, E 水路交通运输 = E 水运 + E 港口 ;

[0286] In the formula:

[0287] E 水运 is the total carbon emissions generated by ship fuel combustion during the accounting period of waterway transportation enterprises;

[0288] E 港口 is the total carbon emissions generated by ports for activities such as loading, unloading production, and auxiliary production during the accounting period of waterway transportation enterprises.

[0289] The total carbon emissions generated by ship fuel combustion during the accounting period are equal to the carbon emissions of all fossil fuel combustion in waterway transportation activities during the accounting period. The calculation formula for the total carbon emissions of waterway transportation E 水运 is:

[0290] E 水运 = E″ 燃 ″ 烧

[0291] In the formula:

[0292] E″ 燃 ″ 烧 is the carbon emissions of all fossil fuel combustion in waterway transportation activities during the accounting period of waterway transportation enterprises;

[0293] The carbon emissions from the combustion of all fossil fuels in waterway activities during the accounting period are equal to the sum of the products of the fuel consumption of all ships within the accounting boundary and the fuel carbon dioxide conversion factor, specifically:

[0294]

[0295] In the formula:

[0296] FC i is the consumption of the i-th fossil fuel used for combustion. For solid or liquid fuels, the unit is ton (t); for gaseous fuels, the unit is 10,000 standard cubic meters;

[0297] C fi is the dimensionless conversion factor between the consumption of the i-th fossil fuel and the carbon dioxide emissions based on the carbon content;

[0298] The total carbon emissions generated by the port during the accounting period are equal to the sum of the carbon emissions from the combustion of all fossil fuels in port activities, the indirect carbon emissions generated by the net purchase of electricity and heat in port operations during the accounting period.

[0299] E 港口 =E″′ 燃烧 +E″′ 电力 +E″′ 热力

[0300] In the formula:

[0301] E″′ 燃烧 is the carbon emissions generated by the combustion of various fossil fuels consumed in port activities during the accounting period;

[0302] E″′ 电力 is the carbon emissions implicit in the net purchase of electricity in port operations during the accounting period;

[0303] E″′ 热力 is the carbon emissions implicit in the net purchase of heat in port operations during the accounting period.

[0304] The carbon emissions generated by the combustion of various fossil fuels consumed in port activities during the accounting period are the sum of the carbon emissions generated by the combustion of various fossil fuels by the enterprise during the accounting period, specifically:

[0305]

[0306] In the formula:

[0307] AD i is the activity level data of the i-th fossil fuel during the accounting period;

[0308] EF i is the carbon dioxide emission factor of the combustion of the i-th fossil fuel.

[0309] The calculation formula for the carbon emissions implicit in the net electricity purchased by the port operation during the accounting period is as follows:

[0310]

[0311] In the formula:

[0312] AD j is the net electricity purchased from the j-th regional power grid during the accounting period;

[0313] EF j is the average CO2 emission factor of power supply in the j-th regional power grid.

[0314] The calculation formula for the carbon emissions implicit in the net heat purchased by the port operation during the accounting period is as follows:

[0315] E″′ 热力 =∑AD 热力 ×EF 热力

[0316] In the formula:

[0317] AD 热力 is the net heat purchased (such as steam volume);

[0318] EF 热力 is the carbon dioxide emission factor of heat supply.

[0319] S02: Aggregate the total carbon emissions of land transportation, air transportation, and water transportation to obtain the total enterprise carbon emissions:

[0320] E 企业总碳排放量 =E 陆上交通运输 +E 水路交通运输 +E 航空运输

[0321] S03: According to the calculation formulas of the total enterprise carbon emissions and the carbon emissions of land transportation, air transportation, and water transportation, use Python to construct a carbon emission accounting model: Aggregate the calculation methods of each transportation mode to construct a complete carbon emission calculation model suitable for the three transportation modes. When calculating the total enterprise carbon emissions, the enterprise can provide the data required for accounting according to its own situation, input it into the model, and achieve high-precision calculation and visualization result output of the model based on Python.

[0322] S04: Each enterprise is allocated carbon quotas according to the allocation ratio, where the allocation ratio is determined based on the historical carbon emission levels and historical data of each transportation mode of different enterprises. Considering the carbon emissions and carbon reduction potential of each transportation mode, ensure the rationality and fairness of the carbon quota allocation; for newly established enterprises, generally allocate according to the lowest quota, or give the allocation ratio after expert evaluation;

[0323] S05: For the trading of carbon quotas, the principle of combining bilateral auction with dynamic pricing is adopted. The demands and supplies of both the buyer and the seller are dynamically collected, and the final transaction price is jointly determined by both parties. As shown in Figure 3 , the specific dynamic pricing process includes the following steps:

[0324] S5.1: The buyer determines the bid price based on the demand quantity, payment ability, and initial price. The initial price is determined by the market or industry association, but it will be continuously adjusted as the market transaction progresses.

[0325] S5.2: The seller determines the asking price based on the holding quantity of its carbon quota, expected income, and initial price.

[0326] S5.3: Obtain the real-time dynamic curve graphs of the buyer's bid price and the seller's asking price, price fluctuations, and historical transaction data from the trading platform.

[0327] S5.4: The trading platform gives a recommended transaction price before the two parties submit their prices. Specifically:

[0328] P(t) = P(t - 1)×(1 + α×D(t)+β×σ(t))

[0329] Where:

[0330] P(t) is the recommended price for the t-th time;

[0331] P(t - 1) is the recommended price for the (t - 1)-th time; P(0) is the initial price.

[0332] α is the supply-demand factor adjustment coefficient, which is estimated from historical data through regression analysis and is used to control the response of price changes to demand fluctuations;

[0333] β is the volatility adjustment coefficient, which is used to adjust the sensitivity of price to market fluctuations;

[0334] σ(t) is the standard deviation of price fluctuations at the t-th recommendation;

[0335] D(t) is the market demand change factor at the t-th recommendation, which is used to show the supply-demand balance relationship and price fluctuations;

[0336]

[0337] If D(t)>0, it indicates that demand is greater than supply, and the price usually rises;

[0338] If D(t)<0, it indicates that supply is greater than demand, and the price usually falls.

[0339] S5.5: According to the recommended price of the trading platform, after the bilateral auction matching of both the buyer and the seller, the final transaction price is formed.

[0340] S06: During the transaction process, based on decentralized identity authentication technology (DID), time lock technology, and zero-knowledge proof technology, the identity verification of both the buyer and the seller is completed, and the transaction is executed through a smart contract to achieve carbon quota transfer and fund payment, as Figure 4 shown.

[0341] The carbon quota buyers are those high-carbon emission enterprises and departments whose carbon emissions exceed the quota; the carbon quota sellers are usually government departments or other enterprises with rich carbon emissions;

[0342] To ensure the fairness of the transaction, the buyer and the seller use DID to complete the identity verification on the trading platform. That is, the carbon quota buyer is bound to the buyer's identity, and the carbon quota seller is bound to the seller's identity, and the real identity information will not be directly exposed;

[0343] The transaction is automatically executed using a smart contract to determine the quantity of carbon quota for the transaction, the transaction price, and set the time condition (time lock) at the completion of the transaction to bind the DID identifiers of both the buyer and the seller;

[0344] After both the buyer and the seller bind their respective DID identifiers, they simultaneously use zero-knowledge proof technology to verify the carbon quota quantity and payment ability of the buyer and the seller. Ensure the smooth completion of the transaction;

[0345] S07: Record the transaction-related data (carbon quota quantity, transaction amount, transaction time, and status) in a decentralized database in real time to ensure the privacy and immutability of the data.

[0346] All transaction-related data (such as carbon quota quantity, transaction amount, transaction time, transaction price) is stored in a decentralized database, and the decentralized database updates the transaction status in real time; a time lock is introduced in the smart contract to ensure that the transaction is automatically completed after the specified time; after the transaction conditions are met, the smart contract is automatically triggered.

[0347] Deduct the payment funds from the buyer's account and transfer them to the seller's account. Deduct the corresponding carbon quota from the seller's account and transfer it to the buyer's account. The decentralized database records the transaction completion status in real time and updates the corresponding carbon quota and fund balance.

[0348] As Figure 2 shown, the methods for obtaining activity level data include obtaining historical data and real-time data, specifically:

[0349] Historical data can be obtained through records of transportation companies, data of government and regulatory agencies, annual reports of the transportation industry, carbon emission audits, and energy consumption statistics, etc.;

[0350] Use large language models (LLMs) or web-crawled content to extract key information (such as transportation mileage, fuel type, carbon emission factors, etc.). Integrate the extracted data into a unified carbon emission dataset; the large language model (LLM) can be DeepSeek or GPT.

[0351] Real-time data can be obtained through the Internet of Things (IoT), and the specific steps are as follows:

[0352] (1) The data cloud processor is mainly responsible for data collection, data preprocessing, data aggregation, and outputting corresponding visual data reports;

[0353] (2) The data collection method includes inserting a GPS positioning system into transportation vehicles to obtain the location and driving distance of the vehicles in real time;

[0354] (3) Through intelligent fuel metering instruments, the fuel consumption or electricity consumption of transportation vehicles is monitored in real time;

[0355] (4) Install an emission monitoring sensor on the transportation vehicle to measure the carbon dioxide emitted by the vehicle or ship in real time;

[0356] Use Pandas for historical data and real-time data preprocessing, mainly cleaning, transforming, and organizing the original data, removing irrelevant or incorrect data, standardizing the data, etc., to improve the quality and consistency of the data.

[0357] The carbon trading system based on the transportation industry described in the present invention includes a carbon accounting boundary definition module, a multi-source data fusion module, a carbon quota allocation module, and an intelligent trading execution module. The multi-source data fusion module is used to obtain historical data and real-time data for land transportation, aviation, and water transportation respectively; the carbon accounting boundary definition module is used to determine the carbon emissions of each emission source for land transportation, aviation, and water transportation, and determine the total carbon emissions of the enterprise; the carbon quota allocation module determines the allocation ratio for each enterprise according to the historical carbon emission levels of different transportation modes of each enterprise, and allocates carbon quotas; the intelligent trading execution module is used to complete carbon quota trading. The intelligent trading execution module includes a dynamic pricing model, a bilateral auction mechanism, and a blockchain smart contract, which are used to realize automatic matching of carbon quotas, and embed zero-knowledge proof technology to complete transaction verification, forming a safe and efficient carbon asset transfer closed-loop. The carbon trading system also records transaction data in real time through a decentralized database to ensure the privacy, immutability, fairness, and transparency of the data. Each module cooperates with each other to achieve the full-chain collaborative optimization of accurate carbon emission measurement, scientific quota allocation, and agile market response.

[0358] It should be understood that although this specification is described according to various embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative manner of the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0359] The series of detailed descriptions listed above are only specific descriptions of the feasible embodiments of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent embodiments or changes made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon trading method for the transportation industry, characterized in that: The steps include: According to the comprehensiveness of the transportation industry, the industry's transportation modes are divided into three categories: land transportation, air transportation, and water transportation; carbon emissions are calculated for the three types of transportation modes respectively; the total carbon emissions of enterprises are calculated by summarizing land transportation, air transportation, and water transportation; Build a carbon emission accounting model to calculate the total carbon emissions of each enterprise; Each enterprise is allocated carbon quotas according to the allocation ratio; The trading of carbon quotas adopts the principle of combining bilateral auctions with dynamic pricing, dynamically collecting the demand and supply conditions of both buyers and sellers, and the buyers and sellers jointly determine the final transaction price; Complete the identity verification of both the buyer and seller during the transaction process, and execute the transaction through smart contracts to achieve carbon quota transfer and fund payment; Record transaction data in the database in real time.

2. The carbon trading method for the transportation industry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation of carbon emissions of the three modes of transportation includes the following steps: Determine the accounting boundaries of each mode of transportation of the enterprise; Identify emission sources; Collect activity level data; Selecting and obtaining emission factor data; Calculate the carbon emissions from each emission source.

3. The carbon trading method for the transportation industry according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the carbon emission accounting steps of the three types of transportation modes, the specific steps of selecting and obtaining emission factor data are as follows: Carbon emission factors in land transportation include carbon dioxide emission factors from fossil fuels, carbon dioxide emission factors from heat supply, and carbon dioxide emission factors from power grids; Carbon emission factors in aviation transport include carbon dioxide emission factors of fossil fuels, carbon dioxide emission factors of biomass fuels, carbon dioxide emission factors of heat supply, and carbon dioxide emission factors of power grids; Carbon emission factors in water transport include carbon dioxide emission factors from fossil fuels, carbon dioxide emission factors from heat supply, and carbon dioxide emission factors from power grids; The specific calculation is as follows: The calculation methods of carbon dioxide emission factors for fossil fuels are: EF i =CC i ×OF i ×44 / 12 Where: EF i is the carbon dioxide emission factor of the i-th fossil fuel; CC i is the carbon content per unit calorific value of the i-th fossil fuel, in tons of carbon per million kilojoules (tC / GJD); OF i is the carbon oxidation rate of the i-th fossil fuel; 44 / 12 is the molecular weight ratio of carbon dioxide to carbon. The carbon dioxide emission factor for heat supply is 0.11tC / GJD, denoted as EF 热力 ; The grid carbon dioxide emission factor is obtained based on the grid area to which the enterprise purchases electricity and the annual average carbon dioxide emission factor of the grid in the corresponding area. j represents the grid division area, EF j is the CO2 emission factor of the power grid in the jth region; The calculation methods for carbon dioxide emission factors of biomass fuels are: EF k =CC k ×OF k ×44 / 12 Where: k is the biomass mixed fuel type; CC k is the carbon content per unit calorific value of the kth biomass fuel, in tons of carbon / million kilojoules; OF k is the carbon oxidation rate of the kth biomass fuel.

4. The carbon trading method for the transportation industry according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the carbon emission accounting steps of the three types of transportation modes, the carbon emissions of each emission source are calculated as follows: A. The calculation formula for carbon emissions from various emission sources in land transportation is: AND 陆上交通运输 =And 燃烧 +E 过程 +E 电力 +E 热力 Where: E 陆上交通运输 The total amount of carbon dioxide emissions from land transportation of enterprises, in tons of CO2 (tCO2); E 燃烧 Greenhouse gas emissions from various fossil fuel combustion activities for net corporate land transportation consumption; E 过程 The CO2 emissions generated by the company's transport vehicles during the exhaust purification process due to the use of urea and other reducing agents; E 电力 The CO2 emissions embodied in the net purchase of electricity for the enterprise; E 热力 The CO2 emissions implied by the company’s net purchase of heat, in tons of CO2; The greenhouse gas emissions from the combustion of various fossil fuels consumed by enterprises in land transportation are calculated as follows: Where: E 燃烧 Greenhouse gas emissions from burning fossil fuels during the accounting period; CO2 emissions from burning fossil fuels during the accounting period; CH4 emissions from the burning of fossil fuels by transport vehicles during the accounting period; It is the N2O emissions generated by the combustion of fossil fuels by transport vehicles during the accounting period. Where: AD i is the activity level of the ith fossil fuel during the accounting period, expressed in million kilojoules (GJ); the activity level AD i The calculation formula is: AD i =FC i ×NCV i ; In the formula, FC i NCV is the consumption of the first fossil fuel used for fuel during the accounting period; i is the average lower calorific value of the fossil fuel during the accounting period; EF i is the carbon dioxide emission factor of the i-th fossil fuel, in tons of CO2 (tCO2); The calculation formula for CH4 emissions and N2O emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels by transport vehicles during the accounting period is: Where: Σk a The mileage of all transport vehicles during the accounting period, in kilometers (km); is the methane emission factor, expressed in milligrams of methane per kilometer (mgCH4 / km); is the nitrous oxide emission factor, expressed in milligrams of nitrous oxide per kilometer (mgN2O / km); are the global warming potentials of CH4 and N2O, respectively; The amount of CO2 emissions generated by the company's transport vehicles during the exhaust purification process due to the use of urea and other reducing agents E 过程 , the calculation formula is: AND 过程 =M×12 / 60×D×44 / 12×10 -3 Where: M is the mass of urea additive consumed by the catalytic converter during the accounting period, in kilograms (kg); P is the mass proportion of urea in the urea additive; The implicit CO2 emissions E of the net purchased electricity during the accounting period 电力 , the calculation formula is: Where: AD j The net amount of electricity purchased by the grid in the jth region during the accounting period, in megawatt-hours (MWh); EF j is the average CO2 emission factor of the power supply of the grid in region j; CO2 emissions implicit in the use of net purchased heat E 热力 , calculation formula: AND 热力 =∑AD 热力 ×EF 热力 Where: AD 热力 For net purchase of thermal power; EF 热力 CO2 emission factors for heat supply; B. The calculation formula for carbon emissions from various emission sources in air transportation is: AND 航空运输 =It's 燃烧 +E′ 电力 +E′ 热力 Where: E 航空运输 is the total amount of carbon dioxide emissions from aviation transport enterprises; E′ 燃烧 The total amount of CO2 emissions from fuel combustion by aviation transport enterprises, including CO2 emissions from the combustion of mixed fossil fuels and biomass fuels; E′ 电力 Total CO2 emissions from net purchase of electricity used by air transport enterprises; E′ 热力 Total CO2 emissions from net purchase of heat used by air transport enterprises; The calculation formula for the total amount of carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion of aviation transport enterprises is: AD k =FC k ×NCV k ×10 -6 ×(1-BF k ) Where: AD i is the activity level of the ith fossil fuel; EF i is the carbon dioxide emission factor of the i-th fossil fuel; AD k is the activity level of the kth biomass mixed fuel; FC k is the consumption of the kth biomass mixed fuel, in t; NCV k is the lower calorific value of the kth biomass mixed fuel, in kJ / kg; BF k Biomass content in the jth biomass mixed fuel (%); EF k is the carbon dioxide emission factor of the kth biomass fuel; The total amount of carbon dioxide emissions from the net purchase of electricity by air transport enterprises is calculated according to the following formula: Where: AD j The net amount of electricity purchased by the power grid in the jth region during the accounting period; EF j is the average CO2 emission factor of the power grid in the jth region. The total amount of carbon dioxide emissions generated by the heat production link corresponding to the net purchase of heat by air transport enterprises E′ 热力 , the calculation formula is: AND' 热力 =∑AD 热力 ×EF 热力 Where: AD 热力 is the net purchase of thermal power; EF 热力 CO2 emission factors for heat supply; C. The calculation formula for carbon emissions from various emission sources in water transport is: AND 水路交通运输 =And 水运 +E 港口 Where: E 水运 The total amount of carbon emissions generated by fuel combustion on ships during the accounting period for water transport enterprises; E 港口 The total amount of carbon emissions generated by the port's loading and unloading production, auxiliary production and other activities during the water transport accounting period; The total carbon emissions from fuel combustion of ships during the accounting period of water transport enterprises E 水运 The calculation formula is: AND 水运 =And″ 燃 ″ 烧 Where: E″ 燃烧 Carbon emissions from all fossil fuel combustion in water transport activities during the accounting period for water transport enterprises, Where: FC i is the consumption of the i-th fossil fuel used for combustion by the water transport enterprise during the accounting period; C fi is the dimensionless conversion factor between the consumption of the i-th fossil fuel of the water transport enterprise and the carbon dioxide emissions based on the carbon content; Total carbon emissions generated by ports during the water transport accounting period E 港口 The calculation formula is: AND 港口 =E″′ 燃烧 +E″′ 电力 +E″′ 热力 Where: E″′ 燃烧 Carbon emissions from the combustion of various fossil fuels consumed in port activities during the accounting period; E″′ 电力 The carbon emissions embodied in the net purchase of electricity for port operations during the accounting period; E″′ 热力 It is the carbon emissions embodied in the net purchased heat for port operations during the accounting period. The carbon emissions generated by the combustion of various fossil fuels consumed by port activities during the accounting period are calculated as follows: Where: AD i is the activity level data of the ith fossil fuel during the accounting period; EF i is the carbon dioxide emission factor for the combustion of the i-th fossil fuel; Carbon emissions implied by net purchased electricity for port operations during the accounting period E″′ 电力 , the calculation formula is: Where: AD j is the net amount of electricity purchased from the j-th regional power grid during the accounting period; EF j is the average CO2 emission factor of the power supply of the j-th regional power grid; Carbon emissions embodied in the net purchased heat of port operations during the accounting period E 热力 , the calculation formula is: E″′ 热力 =ΣAD 热力 ×EF 热力 Where: AD 热力 For net purchase of thermal power; EF 热力 CO2 emission factor for heat supply.

5. The carbon trading method for the transportation industry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The allocation ratio is determined based on the historical carbon emission levels and historical data of each mode of transportation of different enterprises; for newly established enterprises, the lowest quota is allocated, or the allocation ratio is given after expert evaluation.

6. The carbon trading method for the transportation industry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The principles of combining bilateral auctions with dynamic pricing are as follows: Buyers set bids based on demand, ability to pay, and initial price; The seller sets the asking price based on its carbon allowance holdings, expected revenue, and initial price; The trading platform gives a recommended transaction price before both parties make bids; According to the recommended price of the trading platform, the final transaction price is formed after the buyer and seller are matched in the bilateral auction.

7. The carbon trading method for the transportation industry according to claim 6, characterized in that: The trading platform gives a recommended transaction price before both parties make bids, specifically: The trading platform obtains real-time dynamic curves of buyers’ bids and sellers’ asking prices, price fluctuations and historical transaction data; The trading platform gives a recommended transaction price before both parties bid, specifically: P(t)=P(t-1)×(1+α×D(t)+β×σ(t)) in: P(t) is the tth recommended price; P(t-1) is the t-1th recommended price; α is the adjustment coefficient of supply and demand factors; β is the volatility adjustment coefficient; σ(t) is the standard deviation of price fluctuation at the tth recommendation; D(t) is the market demand change factor at the tth recommendation; 8. A system for the carbon trading method for the transportation industry according to claims 1-7, characterized in that: It includes carbon accounting boundary definition module, multi-source data fusion module, carbon quota allocation module and intelligent transaction execution module; The multi-source data fusion module is used to obtain historical data and real-time data of land transportation, aviation and water transportation respectively; the carbon accounting boundary definition module is used to determine the carbon emissions of each emission source of land transportation, aviation and water transportation, and determine the total carbon emissions of the enterprise; The carbon quota allocation module determines the allocation ratio of each enterprise and allocates carbon quotas according to the historical carbon emission levels of each mode of transportation of different enterprises; the intelligent transaction execution module is used to complete the carbon quota transaction.

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