Transformation and cultivation process for old table grape garden in extreme dry and hot area

Abstract

The invention discloses a transformation and cultivation process for an old table grape garden in an extreme dry-hot area, and belongs to the technical field of grape cultivation, and the transformation and cultivation process for the old table grape garden in the extreme dry-hot area comprises the steps of frame shape transformation, tree body shaping, winter pruning, flower and fruit management, pest control, water and fertilizer management and the like. By means of frame shape transformation and tree body shaping, frame binding in spring is easier to operate, pruning can be directly carried out through a machine in summer, fertilization can be directly carried out under the frame surface through a fertilizer applicator, a ditcher and other machines in autumn, and tree body shaping has the advantages of being easy to get on and get off the frame, convenient to manage, high in photosynthetic efficiency and reasonable in leaf curtain distribution, and fruits are concentrated at the positions 1.8 m away from the two sides of a ditch. New tips are evenly distributed on the frame face, the lower portion is ventilated and light-permeable, the upper portion is shaded and cooled, fruit growth is facilitated, grape diseases and insect pests are reduced, the fruit quality is improved, and the fruit quality can be improved through the scientific grape cultivation technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of grape cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation process for reforming old vineyards of fresh table grapes in extremely arid and hot areas. Background Art

[0002] The main climatic characteristics of Turpan are as follows: distinct seasons, hot summers, cold winters, rapid warming in spring, rapid cooling in autumn, scarce precipitation, dry climate, abundant heat, sufficient sunlight, long frost-free period, large temperature difference between day and night, and frequent strong wind and sandstorm weather in spring and summer. The average annual temperature is 15.7 °C, the extreme maximum temperature is 49.0 °C, and the extreme minimum temperature is -17.7 °C; the average temperature in the hottest month (July) is 33.1 °C, and the average temperature in the coldest month (January) is -6.7 °C; the average annual precipitation is 14.6 mm, mainly concentrated in summer and autumn (June - September). The annual frost-free period is 263 days, the average annual sunshine hours are 2788.6 h, the annual evaporation is 2533.8 mm, and the accumulated temperature above 10 °C is 5775.4 °C on average. Sufficient sunlight, relatively high temperature, and windy weather accelerate the evaporation intensity and speed, and the annual evaporation is 173.5 times that of precipitation.

[0004] The existing grape cultivation techniques have the defects of heavy physical labor pressure, high labor cost, poor ventilation and light transmission conditions in the orchard, frequent occurrence of pests and diseases, and the tree pruning mode is relatively complicated, with many branch levels, inconsistent new shoots and fruit-bearing parts, which to a certain extent affect fruit ripening and fruit quality.

[0005] Therefore, we propose a cultivation process for reforming old vineyards of fresh table grapes in extremely arid and hot areas to solve the problems existing in the prior art, so as to relieve the heavy physical labor pressure, save labor, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the orchard, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, simplify the tree pruning mode, reduce the number of branch levels, make the new shoots and fruit-bearing parts unified, promote fruit ripening, and improve fruit quality. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cultivation process for reforming old vineyards of fresh table grapes in extremely arid and hot areas to solve the problems in the prior art that the existing grape cultivation techniques have heavy physical labor pressure, high labor cost, poor ventilation and light transmission conditions in the orchard, frequent occurrence of pests and diseases, and the tree pruning mode is relatively complicated, with many branch levels, inconsistent new shoots and fruit-bearing parts, which to a certain extent affect fruit ripening and fruit quality.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A cultivation process for reforming old vineyards of fresh table grapes in extremely arid and hot areas, comprising the following steps: S1. Trellis transformation, based on the existing grape cultivation trellis, rational transformation is carried out to make it more conducive to grape growth and mechanized operation; S2. Tree shaping: Based on the trellis transformation, shape the original grapevine tree form to optimize its ventilation and light transmission effects; S3. Winter pruning: Prune the grapevines in winter to control and moderate the polar growth of the plants and maintain reasonable utilization of the trellis surface; S4. Flower and fruit management: Adopt different measures to manage flowers and fruits during the flowering period and fruit growth period of grapes to improve grape quality and excellent fruit rate; S5. Pest and disease control: Adopt corresponding strategies to control grape pests and diseases at all growth stages of grapes; S6. Water and fertilizer management: Irrigate before grape budding, before flowering, during berry swelling, and after fruit harvesting, and strictly control water during the flowering period and berry coloring period of grapes.

[0008] Preferably, the trellis transformation includes the following aspects: The orchard trellis structure is based on root columns and the top columns are removed; Install a ring of iron rings at 0.3 m from the root column, and install two 155-cm-long angle irons on both sides of the iron rings, which are connected to a 2-meter-long angle iron parallel to the ground installed at 1.8 m on the column to form an inverted triangle; Respectively reserve 1 auricle-shaped small hole in the middle of the angle irons on both sides, and reserve 6 small holes at the edges of 1 cm, 30 cm, and 60 cm on the upper angle irons, and connect the small holes horizontally with iron wires; Connect the columns with iron wires at 1.5 m to form a factory shape + V + horizontal leaf curtain.

[0009] Preferably, the tree shaping includes the following steps: Change the row direction of the old orchard grapevines from being perpendicular to the ditch when climbing the trellis to climbing along the ditch; Bind the main vines to the first wire of the old orchard to ensure the number of fruiting branches, and remove the redundant main vines by thinning; Bind the newly emerged fruiting branches to the angle iron trellis surface to form a tree shape of factory shape + V + horizontal leaf curtain.

[0010] Preferably, the winter pruning includes the following contents: Prune the lateral shoots on the horizontal arm vines of the trellis to leave 1 - 2 buds; In extremely arid areas, start pruning in mid-late October and adopt short-shoot pruning method.

[0011] Preferably, the flower and fruit management selects corresponding management measures in different growth cycles of grapes, specifically as follows: Carry out ear pulling treatment and flower thinning from the inflorescence separation period to one week before flowering, and according to the variety characteristics, leave the spike tip, the middle of the spike or the auxiliary spike; When the grape berries grow to the size of mung beans, timely carry out swelling treatment and fruit thinning. Remove diseased berries, small berries and deformed berries, so that each bunch of grapes weighs about 800g, and the yield per 667㎡ is controlled at 1500 - 1800kg, paying attention to improving the grape quality and the excellent fruit rate.

[0012] Preferably, the pest and disease control selects corresponding strategies at different growth stages of grapes, as follows: 3 - 5 days after emergence, use 5° lime sulfur mixture, that is, add 1 kg of 29% lime sulfur mixture aqueous solution to 5 kg of water, fully mix and spray along the tree body.

[0013] Before and after flowering: This is a critical period for controlling the prevalence of powdery mildew. Powdery mildew agents such as Baobei Tuzet should be used to control the number of powdery mildew pathogens.

[0014] Before bagging: Use azoxystrobin and beta - cypermethrin for protection.

[0015] After fruit harvest: Immediately after harvest, spray pesticides to control leafhoppers, whiteflies and brown spot disease, without affecting the nutrient return of the tree body.

[0016] After winter pruning: Spray 5° lime sulfur mixture throughout the orchard.

[0017] Preferably, in the water and fertilizer management, the water management is carried out by micro - sprinkler irrigation, watering once every 15 days. Irrigation is carried out before grape budburst, before flowering, during berry swelling period and after fruit harvest, and water is strictly controlled during grape flowering period and berry coloring period.

[0018] Preferably, the fertilizer management in the water and fertilizer management includes the following aspects: For newly planted bases, apply 3000 kg of farmyard manure per mu. After planting grapes according to the plant spacing of 4m×4m, lay horticultural ground cloth on both sides of the ditch; In late August of the second year of planting, apply basal fertilizer mainly composed of farmyard manure by hole application. Uniformly apply decomposed organic fertilizer on one side of the grape roots. Use hole application, with the hole 30 cm away from the main trunk, 60 cm long, 20 cm wide and 30 cm deep. Apply the decomposed farmyard manure into the hole, 2000 kg per mu, and an average of 30 kg per grape plant.

[0019] Preferably, the fertilizer management in the water and fertilizer management selects different fertilization measures according to different growth stages of grapes, as follows: During the growth period, apply nitrogen fertilizer 10 days before budburst to promote grape germination; Apply secondary swelling fertilizer 10 days and 25 days after flowering. After grape fruit set, mainly use calcium, potassium and phosphorus, and spray 2 - 3 times, which can reduce the fertilizer use cost and improve the fertilizer utilization rate.

[0020] Preferably, the orchard trellis structure is based on root columns, and the planting trenches are narrowed and set to 50 cm wide and 20 cm deep.

[0021] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention: Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a cultivation process for transforming old table grape orchards in extreme dry and hot areas, which has the following advantages: The extremely dry and hot zone fresh grape cultivation process disclosed by the present invention includes aspects such as frame transformation, tree shaping, winter pruning, flower and fruit management, pest and disease control, and water and fertilizer management. Through frame transformation and tree shaping, it is easier to put grapes on the frame and tie them in spring, pruning in summer can be directly cut by machinery, and fertilization in autumn can be directly performed under the frame surface by machinery such as fertilizer spreaders and trenching machines. The advantages of tree shaping are easy to put on and off the frame, convenient management, high photosynthetic efficiency, reasonable leaf curtain distribution, fruits are concentrated at 1.8m on both sides of the ditch, new shoots are evenly distributed on the frame surface, the lower part is ventilated and light-permeable, and the upper part is shaded and cooled, which is beneficial to fruit growth, that is, the occurrence of grape diseases and pests is reduced, and the fruit quality is improved. Through scientific grape cultivation technology, the fruit quality can be improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the grape trellis structure in the prior art; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the modified frame structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flow chart of a cultivation process of fresh-table grapes in extreme hot and dry areas according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a line graph showing the effect of different treatments on photosynthetic rate of the present invention; Figure 5 A line graph showing the effect of different rack types and heights on the transpiration rate of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a line graph showing the influence of different rack types and heights on the stomatal conductance of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a line graph showing the effect of different rack types and heights on the intercellular CO2 concentration of the present invention; Figure 8 A line graph showing the effects of different rack types and heights on the temperature in the leaf chamber of the present invention; Figure 9 A line graph showing the effects of different rack types and heights on leaf surface temperature according to the present invention; Figure 10 It is a line graph showing the influence of different rack types and heights on the fruit temperature of the present invention; Figure 11 It is a line graph showing the influence of different rack types and heights on the humidity of the fruit; Figure 12 The bar graph of the effects of different rack types and heights on the appearance quality of fruits of the present invention; Figure 13 Bar chart showing the influence of different trellis styles and heights on coloring in the present invention; Figure 14 Bar chart showing the influence of different trellis styles and heights on the sugar, acid, and hardness of fruits in the present invention; Figure 15 Bar chart showing the influence of different trellis styles and heights on the yield per unit area in the present invention; Figure 16 Bar chart showing the influence of different trellis styles and heights on the incidence rate in the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0023] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0024] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , the present invention discloses a cultivation process for the renovation of old vineyards of fresh table grapes in extremely dry and hot areas, including the following steps: S1. Trellis renovation: Based on the existing grape cultivation trellis, perform rational renovation to make it more conducive to grape growth and mechanized operation; The existing grape cultivation trellis in Xinjiang has two columns in a row, divided into the tip column and the root column. The trellis surface can be horizontal or inclined. Generally, the horizontal trellis column is about 2.3 m, and the above-ground part is about 1.6 m. The root column of the inclined trellis is 1.6 m, the tip column is 2 m, the planting ditch is 1 m wide and 60 cm deep, the row spacing is ≤ 4.5 m, the columns are planted on one side of the ditch, the root column and the tip column are connected by wooden rafters, and 6 iron wires are evenly pulled on the wooden rafters, and the grape vines are arranged on them.

[0025] The orchard pergola structure is based on the root column, remove the tip column, narrow the planting ditch, which is preferably 50 cm wide and 20 cm deep; install a ring of iron rings at 0.3 m of the root column, and install two 155-cm-long angle irons on both sides of the iron rings, which are connected to a 2-meter-long angle iron parallel to the ground installed at the highest point of the column (not less than 1.8 meters), forming an inverted triangle. One auricle-shaped small hole (larger outside and smaller inside) is reserved in the middle of each of the two side angle irons, and six small holes are reserved at 1 cm, 30 cm, and 60 cm from the edge of the upper angle iron respectively. The small holes are horizontally connected by iron wires, and the columns are connected by iron wires at 1.5 m, forming a factory-shaped + V + horizontal leaf curtain.

[0026] Its advantages are that there is one row of columns in each ditch, while the traditional trellis requires two rows of columns in each ditch. This structure saves materials for the trellis, forms independent rows, has a flat trellis surface, and the grape clusters are located on both sides of the ditch, which is more conducive to the entry and operation of machinery, improving the mechanical efficiency. 34 columns are used per mu, saving half, with a cost of 4,000 yuan. It is easier to operate when tying the vines onto the trellis in spring. In summer pruning, mechanical direct cutting can be used. In autumn fertilization, machinery such as fertilizer spreaders and ditchers can directly operate under the trellis surface. When pruning in winter, leave 1 - 2 buds on the branches growing from the main vines on the first wire. Generally, it saves labor and is easy to manage, with good ventilation and light transmission, simple operation, improved quality, and less damage from pests and diseases.

[0027] The transformation of the trellis has important significance for grape cultivation. The following is an experiment on the influence of different trellises on grape cultivation: Using Xin Yu grapes as the test material, setting 4 treatments to study the effects of different trellises and main vine heights on grape growth and development, photosynthesis, yield, quality, and diseases in the extremely arid area, aiming to reduce labor intensity, save labor costs, and improve productivity and operation quality. At the same time, it provides theoretical support for improving the mechanization level of grape cultivation.

[0028] Test variety: Xin Yu grapes, planted in 2016 with conventional management.

[0029] Test site: The experimental field of the Grape and Melon Research Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, planted in the east - west direction, with a length of 110 m and sandy loam soil.

[0030] There are 4 treatments in total for the experiment. The average height of the trellis surface is 2 m. Taking the conventional single - dragon - trunk horizontal trellis (0.75 m×4 m) as control treatment 4, the suitable - for - machinery cultivation is the trellis of factory - shape + (V + horizontal) leaf curtain (2 m×4 m). Set 3 different main vine heights, namely treatment 1 with a main vine height of 1.3 m, treatment 2 with 1.5 m, and treatment 3 with 1.7 m. The plot area is 110 m×4 m.

[0031] Measurement of leaf indexes: Starting from the swelling period, that is, the 60th day after emergence, use a plant polyphenol & chlorophyll meter (DUALEX - SCIENTIFIC+) every 10 days to measure the chlorophyll index of the eighth leaf on the branch; at the same time, use a portable laser leaf area meter (CI - 202) to measure its leaf area size; until mature harvest. Repeat 5 times.

[0032] Measurement of fruit quality indexes: After maturity, pick 5 clusters of fruits from each grade and bring them back to the laboratory. Use a ruler to measure the length and width of the grape clusters, use a vernier caliper to measure the transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter of 30 fruits, and describe the fruit shape index by the ratio of the longitudinal diameter to the transverse diameter of the fruit. Use an electronic balance to measure the weight of a single cluster and a single fruit; use a handheld fruit sugar and acidity meter (PAL - BX / ACID F5) to measure the sugar content and acidity of the fruit. The fruit sugar - acid ratio is the ratio of the fruit sugar content to the acidity. Repeat 5 times for each treatment and take the average value. Repeat 3 times.

[0033] Yield measurement: For each treatment, 5 levels were selected for harvesting and weighing. The number of fruits and the weight of each single ear were recorded. Finally, the yield of each level was statistically analyzed and converted into the yield per 667 m²; Yield per mu = fruit yield per plot / plot area × 667, unit: kg / 667 m². Repeat 5 times.

[0034] Photosynthetic indicators: At the fruit color-changing stage, which is the 120th day after emergence, a ci-340 photosynthesis meter was used for measurement. For each treatment, healthy plants with good growth were randomly selected, and the functional leaves opposite the 5th node ear were taken to measure photosynthetic parameters such as photosynthetic rate (Pn, μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹), stomatal conductance (Gs, mmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹), transpiration rate (Tr, mmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹), and intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci, mg·kg⁻¹)

[69] . The measurement time was from 07:30 to 20:30 on sunny days, and measurements were taken every two hours. Repeat 3 times.

[0035] Incidence measurement: Powdery mildew, sour rot.

[0036] Spectral index measurement: At the fruit color-changing stage, which is the 120th day after emergence, a UniSpec-DC spectrometer was used for measurement. For each treatment, healthy plants with good growth were randomly selected, and measurements were taken at three locations: on the trellis (i.e., canopy), at the fruit position, and under the trellis. Repeat 10 times.

[0037] Temperature and humidity measurement: A Jingchuang RC-4HA / C mini greenhouse temperature recorder was hung at the fruit position, and data were measured every 30 minutes.

[0038] The specific parameter results of the test are as attached Figures 4 - 16 as shown.

[0039] S2. Tree shaping: Based on the trellis transformation, the original grape tree shape was shaped to optimize its ventilation and light transmission effects; For old vineyards, the row direction of the grapevines perpendicular to the ditch for trellising was changed to trellising along the ditch. The main vines were still tied to the first wire of the old vineyard to ensure the number of fruiting branches. Excess main vines were removed by thinning, and the newly emerging fruiting branches were tied to the angle iron trellis to form a tree shape of factory type + V + horizontal leaf curtain.

[0040] The advantages of the factory + V + horizontal leaf curtain tree form are easy to raise and lower, convenient for management, high photosynthetic efficiency, reasonable leaf curtain distribution, fruits concentrated at 1.8 m on both sides of the ditch, new shoots evenly distributed on the trellis surface, good ventilation and light transmission in the lower part, sunshading and temperature reduction in the upper part, which is beneficial to fruit growth, reduces the occurrence of grape diseases and pests, and improves fruit quality. The branches droop naturally, promoting reproductive growth, inhibiting vegetative growth, improving fruit setting ability, fruit setting coefficient, yield and quality. In summer, the high temperature can shade the fruit clusters and avoid sunburn. Pruning is labor-saving and time-saving, saving labor and trellis materials, facilitating operation and mechanized management, improving the mechanization application rate, and reducing the production cost of the orchard.

[0041] S3. Winter pruning: Prune the grapevines in winter to control and moderate the polar growth of the plants and maintain the rational utilization of the trellis surface. During winter pruning, leave 1 - 2 buds for pruning the lateral shoots on the horizontal arm vines of the trellis. In extremely arid areas, pruning generally starts in the middle and late October, and short - shoot pruning is adopted.

[0042] In some other embodiments, a device for pruning grape branches is disclosed, specifically: a grape branch pruning scissors, including two scissor handles which are cross - arranged and rotatably installed with the same pin shaft. Installation cavities are provided on both scissor handles above the pin shaft. Installation holes are provided on the inner walls of the two installation cavities close to each other. A knife holder is movably installed in the installation holes. Both sides of the knife holder extend outside the installation holes. A blade located outside the installation cavity is fixedly installed on one side of the knife holder. A push block located inside the installation cavity is fixedly installed on the other side of the knife holder. A moving plate is movably installed on the inner wall of the installation cavity far from the blade. An activity hole located below the moving plate is provided on the inner wall of the installation cavity far from the blade. A push - pull rod is movably installed in the activity hole. Both ends of the push - pull rod extend outside the activity hole. A fixed block located below the pin shaft is fixedly installed on the side of the scissor handle far from the pin shaft. The bottom end of the push - pull rod is rotatably installed on the top side of the fixed block, and the top end of the push - pull rod is rotatably installed on the bottom side of the moving plate. A rotating shaft is rotatably installed on the inner wall of one side of the installation cavity between the knife holder and the moving plate. A rotating disk is fixedly installed at one end of the rotating shaft. A traction rod is rotatably installed on the side of the rotating disk far from the rotating shaft, and the other end of the traction rod is rotatably installed on the side of the push block close to the rotating disk. A gear is fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft, and the gear is in contact with the side of the moving plate close to the rotating shaft.

[0043] A sliding groove is provided on the inner wall of the installation cavity far from the blade, and a sliding block is slidably installed in the sliding groove. The side of the sliding block close to the blade is fixedly installed on the side of the moving plate far from the blade.

[0044] A rack is fixedly installed on the side of the moving plate close to the gear, and the rack is meshed with the gear.

[0045] The top side of the knife seat is provided with a sliding hole located in the mounting hole, a sliding rod is movably installed in the sliding hole, and two ends of the sliding rod are respectively fixedly installed on the top side and bottom side inner walls of the mounting hole.

[0046] A rotation groove is provided on an inner wall of one side of the installation cavity, and one end of the rotation shaft away from the rotating disk is rotatably installed in the rotation groove.

[0047] The device cooperates with scissor handles, pin shafts, fixed blocks, push-pull rods, mounting cavities, mounting holes, knife seats, blades, sliding holes, sliding rods, movable holes, and movable plates. The two scissor handles rotate through the pin shafts to drive the two blades to approach each other and prune the grape branches. At the same time, during the rotation of the scissor handles, the push-pull rods pull the movable plate to move the movable plate downward. Through the coordinated use of the rotating groove, the rotating shaft, the rotating disk, the traction rod, the gear, and the pushing block, the movable plate drives the rack to move, the rack drives the gear meshing therewith to rotate, and then drives the rotating shaft and the rotating disk to rotate. The rotation of the rotating disk drives the knife seat to move back and forth on the sliding rod in the mounting hole, and the knife seat drives the blade to move back, thereby achieving the blades approaching each other while constantly moving up and down, and the grape branches are clamped and cut by the sharp blades, while the sawing effect is achieved.

[0048] S4. Flower and fruit management: different measures are taken to manage the flowers and fruits during the flowering and fruit growth periods of grapes to improve the quality of grapes and the rate of high-quality fruits; Generally, we pull the ears and thin the flowers from the inflorescence separation period to one week before flowering. According to the characteristics of the variety, we keep the ear tip, middle ear or secondary ear. When the berries grow to the size of mung beans, we will promptly carry out the expansion and thinning of the fruits, remove the diseased, small and deformed berries, keep the weight of each bunch of grapes at about 800g, and control the yield of every 667㎡ at 1500-1800kg, focusing on improving the quality of grapes and the rate of excellent fruit.

[0049] S5. Pest and disease control: adopt corresponding strategies to control grape pests and diseases at various stages of grape growth; Specifically include the following aspects: (1) 3-5 days after emergence (before germination), use 5° lime sulfur mixture, that is, add 1 kg of 29% lime sulfur aqueous solution to 5 kg of water, mix thoroughly and spray along the tree body.

[0050] (2) Before and after flowering: This is a critical period for controlling the spread of powdery mildew. Powdery mildew agents such as Bobei Fumeishuang should be used to control the number of powdery mildew pathogens.

[0051] (3) Before bagging: Use myclobutanil and cypermethrin for protection.

[0052] (4) After fruit harvesting: Spray the fruits with pesticides to control leafhoppers, whiteflies and brown spot disease immediately after harvesting, without affecting the nutrient return to the tree.

[0053] After winter pruning: Spray the whole garden with 5° lime sulfur mixture.

[0054] In some other embodiments, a device for spraying grapes is disclosed. Specifically, a spraying device for grape cultivation includes a moving base, a storage barrel fixed in the middle of the top surface of the moving base, a stirring shaft rotatably arranged between the inner walls at both ends of the storage barrel, and a liquid inlet pipe connected and fixed to the top surface of the storage barrel. One end of the top surface of the moving base is vertically fixed with a spray pipe, and a spray head is arranged on the spray pipe. A pump is connected and installed on the barrel wall of the storage barrel, and the infusion pipe of the pump is communicated with the spray pipe. A plurality of rotating rods are equidistantly arranged on the bottom surface of the moving base. Two bearing seats fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the moving base are symmetrically and rotatably sleeved on the rod bodies of the rotating rods. Wheels are installed at both ends of the rotating rods. A multi-path supply and rotation mechanism is arranged on the top of the storage barrel, and a reinforcement mechanism is arranged on the side of the moving base. The multi-path supply and rotation mechanism includes a fixed rod vertically and rotatably arranged in the middle of the top surface of the storage barrel, an electric control component arranged on one side of the fixed rod, a supply and rotation component during movement arranged on the other side of the fixed rod, and a regulation component arranged on the rod body of the fixed rod. The fixed rod penetrates into the inner cavity of the storage barrel and is fixedly connected to one end of the stirring shaft.

[0055] The electric control component includes a motor installed on the storage barrel through a bracket and a first gear tightly sleeved on the output shaft of the motor.

[0056] The regulation component includes a third gear and a sliding cylinder slidably arranged on the rod body of the fixed rod. The sliding cylinder is fixedly connected to the top end of the third gear, and a locking component is arranged on the sliding cylinder.

[0057] The regulation component includes a driving rod vertically and rotatably arranged on the top surface of the storage barrel, a second gear tightly sleeved on the rod body of the driving rod, and a transmission component arranged on the moving base. There is a height difference between the second gear and the first gear, and the third gear can be slidably arranged between the second gear and the first gear.

[0058] The transmission component includes a transmission rod vertically and rotatably arranged on the top surface of the moving base. A pulley is arranged for transmission between one end of the transmission rod and the rod body of the driving rod. The other end of the transmission rod penetrates through the moving base and is fixedly connected with a second bevel gear. A first bevel gear meshing with the second bevel gear is arranged on the rod body of one of the rotating rods.

[0059] The locking component includes a positioning bolt threadedly penetrating through the barrel wall of the sliding cylinder, and a plurality of threaded holes matching with the positioning bolt are equidistantly opened on the rod body of the fixed rod.

[0060] The reinforcement mechanism includes a nut seat fixed on the side of the moving base, a screw rod threadedly passing through the top of the nut seat, and a drilling block fixedly connected to the bottom end of the screw rod. A spiral blade is tightly sleeved on the rod body of the screw rod between the nut seat and the drilling block, and a turntable is fixedly connected to the top end of the screw rod.

[0061] Through the setting of the multi-path feeding and rotating mechanism, the feeding and rotating component during movement is applicable to the spraying operation of grape trees in large areas, enabling the stirring shaft to rotate and agitate the mixed medicament in the inner cavity of the storage barrel in real time along with the transportation of the moving base. In this way, during long-term large-scale spraying operations, a power consumption-free feeding and rotating method can be provided for the stirring shaft, which is convenient to use and has an energy-saving effect. When the spray pipe sprays medicine on grape trees in a small local area, the electric control mechanism can still continue to provide a power source for the stirring shaft when the moving base stops, ensuring the stirring effect of the stirring shaft on the mixed medicament. Thus, multiple stirring paths are provided for the stirring shaft, which is applicable to different situations.

[0062] S6. Water and fertilizer management: Irrigate before grape budburst, before flowering, during the berry swelling period (3 - 5 days), and after fruit harvest (20 - 25 days), and strictly control the water content during the grape flowering period and the berry coloring period.

[0063] Specifically, micro-sprinkler irrigation is used for irrigation, and water is applied once every 15 days. Irrigate before grape budburst, before flowering, during the berry swelling period, and after fruit harvest, and strictly control the water content during the grape flowering period and the berry coloring period. In a newly planted base, 3000 kg of farmyard manure is applied per mu. After planting grapes according to the plant spacing of 4m × 4m, horticultural ground cloth is laid on both sides of the ditch. In late August of the second year of planting, basal fertilizer is applied, mainly using farmyard manure. Hole application is adopted, and the decomposed organic fertilizer is uniformly applied on one side of the grape roots. The hole is 30 cm away from the main trunk, 60 cm long, 20 cm wide, and 30 cm deep. The decomposed farmyard manure is applied into the hole, 2000 kg per mu, and an average of 30 kg is applied to each grape plant. Applying basal fertilizer in autumn has a good effect, which can restore the damaged roots and promote their growth, promote the accumulation of tree body nutrients, reduce the use amount of chemical fertilizers, and improve the utilization rate of organic fertilizers, playing the role of reducing fertilizer use and increasing efficiency. During the growth period, nitrogen fertilizer is applied 10 days before budburst to promote grape germination; secondary swelling fertilizer is topdressed 10 days and 25 days after flowering. After grape fruit setting, it is mainly based on calcium, potassium, and phosphorus, and generally sprayed 2 - 3 times, which can reduce the fertilizer use cost and improve the fertilizer utilization rate.

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation process for the transformation of an old orchard of fresh table grapes in an extremely hot and dry area, characterized in that, The following steps are involved: S1. Rack reconstruction: rationalize the existing grape cultivation racks to make them more conducive to grape growth and mechanized operation; S2. Tree shaping: shaping the original grape tree shape based on the trellis modification to optimize its ventilation and light transmission effect; S3. Winter pruning: pruning grapevines in winter to control and moderate the polar growth of plants and maintain reasonable use of the rack surface; S4. Flower and fruit management: different measures are taken to manage the flowers and fruits during the flowering and fruit growth periods of grapes to improve the quality of grapes and the rate of high-quality fruits; S5. Pest and disease control: adopt corresponding strategies to control grape pests and diseases at various stages of grape growth; S6. Water and fertilizer management: water the grapes before budding, before flowering, during the berry swelling period, and after fruit harvesting. Strictly control the amount of water during the grape flowering period and berry coloring period.

2. The cultivation process for the renovation of an old vineyard of fresh table grapes in an extremely hot and dry area according to claim 1, wherein: The posture modification These include: The structure of the orchard trellis is based on the root column, removing the tip column; Install an iron ring around the base column at 0.3m, and install two 155cm long angle irons on both sides of the iron ring, which are connected to a 2m long angle iron installed at 1.8m on the column and parallel to the ground, forming an inverted triangle; The angle irons on both sides have an ear-shaped hole in the middle, and the upper angle iron has 6 holes at 1cm, 30cm, and 60cm from the edge, and the holes are connected horizontally with wires. Each column is connected with iron wire at 1.5m to form a factory shape + V + horizontal leaf curtain.

3. A cultivation process for renovating an old orchard of fresh table grapes in an extremely hot and dry area according to claim 2, characterized in that: The tree shaping comprises the following steps: The old garden's vines were placed vertically on the ditch, but now they are placed along the ditch. The main vines are tied to the first wire in the old garden to ensure the number of fruiting branches, and the excess main vines are removed by thinning; The newly grown fruiting branches are tied to the angle iron frame to form a tree shape of plant shape + V + horizontal leaf curtain.

4. The cultivation process for the renovation of an old vineyard of fresh table grapes in an extremely hot and dry area according to claim 3, wherein: Winter pruning includes the following: Prune the side shoots on the horizontal arm vines of the frame, leaving 1-2 buds; In extremely arid areas, pruning begins in mid-to-late October, using short-tip pruning.

5. The cultivation process for renovating an old vineyard of fresh table grapes in an extremely hot and dry area according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flower and fruit management selects corresponding management measures in different growth cycles of grapes, as follows: During the period from inflorescence separation to one week before flowering, ear pulling and flower thinning are carried out. Depending on the characteristics of the variety, the ear tip is retained or the secondary ears are thinned out. When the berries grow to the size of mung beans, they are promptly expanded and thinned out to remove diseased, small and deformed berries, so that the weight of each bunch of grapes is maintained at around 800g, and the yield per 667㎡ is controlled at 1500-1800kg, with an emphasis on improving grape quality and the rate of high-quality berries.

6. The cultivation process for renovating an old vineyard of fresh table grapes in an extremely hot and dry area according to claim 5, wherein: The pest control method selects corresponding strategies at different growth stages of grapes, as follows: Use 5° lime sulfur mixture 3-5 days after emergence, that is, add 1 kg of 29% lime sulfur solution to 5 kg of water, mix thoroughly and spray along the tree body; Before and after flowering: This period is the key period for controlling the spread of powdery mildew. Powdery mildew agents such as Baobei Fumeishuang should be used to control the number of powdery mildew pathogens; Before bagging: use azoxystrobin and highly effective cypermethrin for protection; After the fruit is harvested: spray the pesticides to prevent leafhoppers, whiteflies and brown spot disease in time after harvesting, so as not to affect the nutrient return of the tree; After winter pruning: spray 5° lime sulfur mixture throughout the garden.

7. The cultivation process for the renovation of an old vineyard of fresh table grapes in an extremely hot and dry area according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the water and fertilizer management, micro-sprinkler irrigation is adopted for water management, and water is irrigated once every 7 days. Irrigation is carried out before grape budding, before flowering, during berry swelling, and after fruit harvesting. Water is strictly controlled during the grape flowering period and berry coloring period.

8. The cultivation process for renovating an old vineyard of fresh table grapes in an extremely hot and dry area according to claim 7, wherein: The fertilizer management in the water and fertilizer management includes the following aspects: For a newly planted base, 3000 kg of farmyard manure is applied per mu. After planting grapes according to the plant spacing of 4m×4m, horticultural ground cloth is laid on both sides of the ditch. In late August of the second year of planting, basal fertilizer is applied, mainly farmyard manure. Hole application is adopted, and decomposed organic fertilizer is uniformly applied on one side of the grape roots. Hole application is used, the hole is 30 cm away from the main trunk, the hole is 60 cm long, 20 cm wide, and 30 cm deep. The decomposed farmyard manure is applied into the hole, 2000 kg is applied per mu, and an average of 30 kg is applied to each grape plant.

9. The cultivation process for the renovation of an old vineyard of fresh table grapes in an extremely hot and dry area according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the fertilizer management of the water and fertilizer management, different fertilization measures are selected according to different growth stages of grapes, specifically as follows: During the growth period, nitrogen fertilizer is applied 10 days before budding to promote grape budding. Topdress the second swelling fertilizer 10 days and 25 days after flowering. After grape fruit set, it is mainly calcium, potassium, and phosphorus, and it is sprayed 2-3 times, which can reduce the fertilizer use cost and improve the fertilizer utilization rate.

10. The cultivation process for renovating an old vineyard of fresh table grapes in an extremely hot and dry area according to claim 9, wherein: The orchard trellis structure is based on root columns, and the planting ditch is narrowed to 80 cm wide and 30 cm deep.

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