Planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of silage corn

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of silage corn, which solves the problems of soil degradation and diseases and insect pests caused by continuous cropping by integrating soil physical remediation, chemical remediation, biological remediation, microbial community regulation and ecological intercropping technologies. The core technology content comprises the steps that deep ploughing is combined with organic matter and a biochar modifier to repair the soil structure, a compound microbial agent is sprayed to inhibit pathogenic bacteria, leguminous green manure and commercial crop rape are used for improving nitrogen circulation and reducing the autotoxicity effect every two years, and a precise fertilization management technology is matched. After the scheme is implemented, the soil health condition is remarkably improved, the silage corn yield is remarkably increased, and good ecological and economic benefits are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, and more specifically, to a planting method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of silage corn. Background Art

[0002] Silage corn is an important forage crop in China. However, continuous cropping over the years easily leads to continuous cropping obstacles, manifested as problems such as soil nutrient imbalance, pathogen enrichment, accumulation of harmful biomass, and inhibition of growth by root exudates.

[0003] Traditional planting methods rely on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Long-term use will cause soil compaction and microbial community imbalance, exacerbating continuous cropping obstacles. In the prior art, related improvement techniques have proposed methods such as crop rotation and soil disinfection. Although the improved methods have certain effects, they have problems such as high cost, complex operation, and ecological pollution.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide an ecologically friendly, easy-to-operate planting method that can continuously improve soil health to improve the continuous cropping obstacle of silage corn is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a planting method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of silage corn, which combines multiple means to reduce costs and improve the improvement effect.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A planting method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of silage corn, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Soil pretreatment

[0009] After the previous crop is harvested, the surface of the land is cleared and biochar is applied, and then the biochar is turned into the soil and mixed evenly with deep plowing.

[0010] Step 2: Application of base fertilizer

[0011] Organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are applied on the surface layer of the soil after deep plowing, and then turned into the planting layer again with rotary tillage and mixed evenly with the soil.

[0012] Step 3: Surface treatment

[0013] A compound microbial inoculant is sprayed on the surface layer of the plot treated in Step 2, and then left to stand for 3 - 5 days before sowing.

[0014] Step 4: Fertilization management

[0015] After sowing, controlled-release fertilizer is applied at the jointing stage and the large flare stage of corn, and humic acid is topdressed at the tillering stage.

[0016] Step 5: Crop rotation management

[0017] After planting silage corn for two crops, rotate with another crop for one season. The other crop is an intercropping of leguminous plants and rapeseed, and is replanted with vetch in winter.

[0018] Step 6: Harvesting and processing

[0019] After the rapeseed matures, it is harvested and removed from the field. The leguminous plants and vetch are incorporated into the soil by deep plowing and rotary tillage.

[0020] Preferably, the application rate of biochar in Step 1 is 200 - 300 kg per mu.

[0021] Preferably, the deep plowing depth in Step 1 is 35 - 45 cm.

[0022] Preferably, the organic fertilizer in Step 2 is well - decomposed livestock manure, and the application rate is 500 - 1000 kg per mu; the chemical fertilizers and their application rates are 25 - 30 kg per mu of urea, 20 - 25 kg per mu of diammonium phosphate, and 15 - 20 kg per mu of potassium sulfate.

[0023] Preferably, the rotary tillage depth in Step 2 is 10 - 20 cm.

[0024] Preferably, the compound microbial inoculant in Step 3 is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride with a mass ratio of 1:1, and the application rate is 0.5 - 1.0 kg per mu. The application method is to uniformly spray it on the soil surface after being dispersed in water.

[0025] Preferably, the controlled - release fertilizer in Step 4 is a controlled - release fertilizer with N - P2O5 - K2O = 15 - 10 - 20.

[0026] Preferably, the application rate of the controlled - release fertilizer at the jointing stage and the large trumpet - mouth stage in Step 4 is 10 - 15 kg per mu; the application rate of humic acid at the tillering stage is 10 - 15 kg per mu.

[0027] Preferably, the leguminous plant in Step 5 is soybean or alfalfa, and it is strip - intercropped with rapeseed. The planting width ratio of leguminous plant:rapeseed = 1:1, and the row spacing is 50 - 60 cm; the seeding rate of vetch is 4 - 6 kg per mu, and the row spacing is 40 - 50 cm.

[0028] Preferably, before deep plowing in Step 6, the leguminous plants and vetch are crushed to a straw length of 2 - 3 cm, and the deep plowing depth is 30 - 40 cm.

[0029] Through the above - mentioned technical solutions, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a planting method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of silage corn, and has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] The technical solution of the present invention pre-treats the soil and applies base fertilizer and microbial inoculum. Deep plowing to break the plow sole can promote root penetration, improve the soil structure, and promote plant growth; the combined application of base fertilizer and microbial inoculum can repair the soil ecosystem and inhibit soil-borne diseases; during the rotation period, leguminous plants and rapeseed are planted. After the leguminous plants are harvested, they are plowed into the field, which can further improve soil nutrients. The root exudates of rapeseed can degrade allelochemicals in corn, avoiding the accumulation of allelochemicals. That is, the technical solution of the present invention combines multiple means to improve continuous cropping obstacles during planting, with low cost, simple and easy-to-operate means, and does not affect production. Detailed implementation mode

[0031] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solution of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] A planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of silage corn, comprising the following steps:

[0034] Step 1: Soil pre-treatment

[0035] After the previous crop is harvested, 200 kg / acre of biochar is applied after cleaning the ground surface, and then the biochar is turned into the 35 cm soil with deep plowing and mixed evenly;

[0036] Step 2: Application of base fertilizer

[0037] On the surface of the soil after deep plowing, 1000 kg / acre of decomposed livestock manure, 25 kg / acre of urea, 25 kg / acre of diammonium phosphate, and 15 kg / acre of potassium sulfate are applied, and then they are turned into the 10 cm deep soil layer with rotary tillage again and mixed with the soil evenly;

[0038] Step 3: Surface treatment

[0039] On the surface of the plot after being treated in Step 2, a compound microbial inoculum with a mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis to Trichoderma viride of 1:1 is sprayed, and the application amount is 1 kg / acre. After being dispersed in water, it is evenly sprayed on the soil surface. After spraying, it is left standing for 3 - 5 days and then sown;

[0040] Step 4: Fertilization management

[0041] Controlled-release fertilizers with N-P2O5-K2O = 15-10-20 are applied at 15 kg / acre respectively at the jointing stage and the large trumpet mouth stage of corn, and 15 kg / acre of humic acid is topdressed at the tillering stage;

[0042] Step 5: Rotation management

[0043] After planting silage corn in two crops, rotate with another crop once. The other crop is an intercropping of leguminous plants (alfalfa or soybean) and rapeseed, with strip intercropping. The planting width ratio of leguminous plants to rapeseed is 1:1, and the row spacing is 50 cm; In winter, vetch is replanted by strip sowing, with a seeding rate of 5 kg / mu and a row spacing of 50 cm.

[0044] Step six: Harvesting and processing

[0045] After rapeseed matures, it is harvested and transferred out of the field. The leguminous plants and vetch are crushed to a straw length of 2 - 3 cm and then incorporated into the 30 - cm - deep soil layer along with deep plowing.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] A planting method to overcome the continuous cropping obstacle of silage corn, including the following steps:

[0048] Step one: Soil pretreatment

[0049] After the previous crop is harvested, 300 kg / mu of biochar is applied after cleaning the ground surface, and then the biochar is incorporated into the 45 - cm - deep soil along with deep plowing and mixed evenly.

[0050] Step two: Application of base fertilizer

[0051] On the surface layer of the soil after deep plowing, 500 kg / mu of decomposed livestock manure, 30 kg / mu of urea, 20 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate, and 20 kg / mu of potassium sulfate are applied, and then incorporated into the 20 - cm - deep soil layer again along with rotary tillage and mixed with the soil evenly.

[0052] Step three: Surface treatment

[0053] On the surface layer of the plot after the treatment in step two, a compound microbial inoculant with a mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis to Trichoderma viride of 1:1 is sprayed, with an application rate of 1 kg / mu. After being dispersed in water, it is evenly sprayed on the soil surface. After spraying, it is left standing for 3 - 5 days before sowing.

[0054] Step four: Fertilization management

[0055] Controlled - release fertilizers with N - P2O5 - K2O = 15 - 10 - 20 of 10 kg / mu are applied at the jointing stage and the large bell - mouth stage of corn respectively, and 10 kg / mu of humic acid is top - dressed at the tillering stage.

[0056] Step five: Rotation management

[0057] After planting silage corn in two crops, rotate with another crop once. The other crop is an intercropping of leguminous plants (alfalfa or soybean) and rapeseed, with strip intercropping. The planting width ratio of leguminous plants to rapeseed is 1:1, and the row spacing is 55 cm; In winter, vetch is replanted by strip sowing, with a seeding rate of 5 kg / mu and a row spacing of 50 cm.

[0058] Step Six: Harvesting and Processing

[0059] After the rape is mature, it is harvested and transferred out of the field. The leguminous plants and vetch are crushed to a straw length of 2 - 3 cm and then incorporated into the 40 - cm - deep soil layer with deep plowing.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] A planting method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of silage corn, comprising the following steps:

[0062] Step One: Soil Pretreatment

[0063] After the previous crop is harvested, the surface of the land is cleared and 260 kg / acre of biochar is applied, and then the biochar is turned into the 40 - cm soil layer with deep plowing and mixed evenly.

[0064] Step Two: Application of Base Fertilizer

[0065] On the surface layer of the deeply plowed soil, 750 kg / acre of decomposed livestock manure, 28 kg / acre of urea, 23 kg / acre of diammonium phosphate, and 18 kg / acre of potassium sulfate are applied, and then they are turned into the 15 - cm - deep soil layer again with rotary tillage and mixed with the soil.

[0066] Step Three: Surface Treatment

[0067] Spray a compound microbial agent with a mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis to Trichoderma viride of 1:1 on the surface layer of the plot treated in Step Two. The application rate is 0.5 kg / acre. After being dispersed in water, it is evenly sprayed on the soil surface. After spraying, it is left standing for 3 - 5 days and then sown.

[0068] Step Four: Fertilization Management

[0069] Apply controlled - release fertilizer with N - P2O5 - K2O = 15 - 10 - 20 at 12.5 kg / acre respectively at the jointing stage and the large trumpet - shaped mouth stage of corn, and top - dress 13 kg / acre of humic acid at the tillering stage.

[0070] Step Five: Crop Rotation Management

[0071] After planting two crops of silage corn, rotate with another crop. The other crop is an intercropping of leguminous plants (alfalfa or soybeans) and rape, in a strip - intercropping pattern. The planting width ratio of leguminous plants to rape is 1:1, and the row spacing is 50 cm; in winter, vetch is replanted, sown in rows, with a seeding rate of 5 kg / acre and a row spacing of 50 cm.

[0072] Step Six: Harvesting and Processing

[0073] After the rape is mature, it is harvested and transferred out of the field. The leguminous plants and vetch are crushed to a straw length of 2 - 3 cm and then incorporated into the 35 - cm - deep soil layer with deep plowing.

[0074] Experimental Example

[0075] Implement the planting method of the above-mentioned Embodiments 1-3 in the southern hilly area. The initial soil pH value of the experimental field is 6.02, the soil organic matter content is 28.6 g / kg, and the average yield of silage corn per mu by the original ordinary planting method is 3.4 tons (the average value of three-year statistics). After implementing the method of the present invention and continuously planting for three years, the soil data and yields are shown in the following table:

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] The above results can show that after adopting the method of the present invention, the obstacles of continuous cropping of the soil can be effectively reduced, the soil pH environment can be improved, and the acidification can be effectively improved; and the soil organic matter content can be effectively increased, the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be improved, and the crop yield can be effectively increased.

[0079] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner. The key point of each embodiment is to illustrate the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the description of the method part.

[0080] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A planting method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of silage corn, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Soil pretreatment After the previous crop is harvested, the surface of the land is cleared, and biochar is applied. Then, along with deep plowing, the biochar is turned into the soil and mixed evenly; Step 2: Application of base fertilizer On the surface layer of the soil after deep plowing, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are applied, and then they are turned into the planting layer again along with rotary tillage and mixed with the soil evenly; Step 3: Surface treatment On the surface layer of the plot after the treatment in Step 2, a compound microbial inoculant is sprayed, and then it is left standing for 3 - 5 days before sowing; Step 4: Fertilization management After sowing, controlled-release fertilizers are applied at the jointing stage and the large trumpet mouth stage of corn respectively, and humic acid is topdressed at the tillering stage; Step 5: Crop rotation management After every two crops of silage corn are planted, one crop of other crops is rotated. The other crops are an intercropping of leguminous plants and rape, and are interplanted with vetch in winter; Step 6: Harvesting and treatment After the rape is mature, it is harvested and transferred out of the field, and the leguminous plants and vetch are turned into the soil along with deep plowing and rotary tillage.

2. The planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of silage corn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application rate of the biochar in Step 1 is 200 - 300 kg / mu.

3. A planting method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of silage corn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The depth of deep plowing in Step 1 is 35 - 45 cm.

4. A planting method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of silage corn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic fertilizer in Step 2 is decomposed livestock manure, and the application rate is 500 - 1000 kg / mu; the chemical fertilizers and their application rates are 25 - 30 kg / mu of urea, 20 - 25 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate, and 15 - 20 kg / mu of potassium sulfate.

5. The planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of silage corn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The depth of rotary tillage in Step 2 is 10 - 20 cm.

6. The planting method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of silage corn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound microbial inoculant in Step 3 is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride with a mass ratio of 1:1, and the application rate is 0.5 - 1.0 kg / mu. The application method is to be evenly sprayed on the soil surface after being dispersed in water.

7. A planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of silage corn according to claim 1, characterized in that The controlled-release fertilizer in Step 4 is a controlled-release fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O = 15-10-20.

8. A planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of silage corn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application rates of the controlled-release fertilizer at the jointing stage and the large trumpet mouth stage in Step 4 are both 10 - 15 kg / mu; the application rate of humic acid at the tillering stage is 10 - 15 kg / mu.

9. The planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of silage corn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The leguminous plants in Step 5 are soybeans or alfalfa, and are strip-intercropped with rape. The planting width ratio of leguminous plants to rape is 1:1, and the row spacing is 50 - 60 cm; the seeding rate of vetch is 4 - 6 kg / mu, and the row spacing is 40 - 50 cm.

10. The planting method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of silage corn according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before deep plowing in Step 6, the leguminous plants and vetch are crushed to a straw length of 2 - 3 cm, and the depth of deep plowing is 30 - 40 cm.

Images