Method and structure for realizing low recoil and light weight of high-power rifle

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a structure for realizing low recoil and light weight of a high-power rifle, which greatly increase the mass of a recoil part and simplify the structure. After the bullet is fired, gunpowder fuel gas pushes the bullet to move forwards, meanwhile, the gun body assembly (1) is pushed to sit backwards, the gun body reset spring (4) and the machine gun recoil spring (105) are compressed, and the buckling mechanism (202) is buckled with the gunlock assembly (103); under the action of the gun body recoil spring (4), the gun barrel (101), the inner cartridge receiver (102) and the ammunition feeding tool (106) recoil together, and ejection is completed in the recoil process; when the tail end of a bullet in the bullet supply tool exceeds the front end of the gunlock assembly (103), the bullet is lifted to the bullet feeding position under the action of the spring force of a spring in the bullet supply tool, the releasing mechanism (107) forces the gunlock buckling mechanism (202) to release the gunlock assembly (103), and the gunlock assembly (103) recovers and pushes the bullet into a chamber at the tail end of the gun barrel (101) to complete locking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of light weapons, and in particular to a method and structure for achieving low recoil and lightweight of a high-powered rifle. Background Art

[0002] Firearm automatics are the way firearms utilize energy to automatically perform actions. Currently, the main automatic methods used in firearms include bolt-action, barrel-action, gas-operated, and hybrid. Rifles, such as the AK47 and M16, generally use gas-operated automatics. High-powered machine guns, such as the US M2, use short-recoil barrels. Even older machine guns, such as the French Chassau, use long-recoil barrels. However, rifles currently do not use a barrel-action recoil system.

[0003] With advances in protective equipment, firearms require more powerful rounds to effectively penetrate these high-level protective devices. However, retaining current structures for more powerful rounds will exacerbate the conflict with lightweight design. Generally speaking, the more powerful the round, the heavier the firearm should be to help manage recoil. If a lightweight firearm fires powerful ammunition, the perceived recoil increases, making it difficult to control the firearm during firing. To address this issue, medium and large-caliber machine guns often utilize a floating mechanism, using forward momentum to offset some of the recoil. However, the floating mechanism's complex structure makes it less suitable for smaller firearms like rifles and light machine guns. In barrel-blowback automatic systems, the barrel is not rigidly connected to the receiver. Recoil is transferred to the receiver via a buffer element (typically a barrel return spring), which helps minimize recoil. Long-barreled automatic systems, in particular, offer a longer recoil path, allowing for a longer period of time to dissipate recoil energy. While this meets the needs of high-powered rifles, the barrel-recoil mechanism is relatively complex for rifles, and as a result, no rifle currently utilizes this mechanism. The recoil mass of a barrel-recoil weapon is generally the sum of the masses of the barrel and bolt assembly, and the barrel and bolt assembly are relatively lightweight for rifles, further limiting its application. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a method and structure for achieving low recoil and lightweight of a high-powered rifle. Compared with existing barrel-recoil weapons, the present invention converts the mass of the feed device and inner receiver into recoil mass, significantly increasing the mass of the recoil part. At the same time, it simplifies the structure and facilitates its use on rifles, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing recoil and lightweighting a high-powered rifle.

[0005] The object of the present invention is achieved like this: A structure for achieving low recoil and lightweight of a high-powered rifle, comprising a gun body assembly (1) and an outer receiver assembly (2), wherein the gun body assembly (1) comprises a barrel (101), an inner receiver (102), a bolt assembly (103), a bolt assembly recoil spring (105), and an ammunition feeder (106), and the outer receiver assembly (2) comprises an outer receiver body (201) and a locking mechanism (202); The gun body assembly (1) is fitted into the outer receiver body (201) and can move forward and backward along the axis of the barrel (101) in the outer receiver body (201). A gun body recoil spring (4) is provided between the outer receiver body assembly (2) and the gun body assembly (1). The gun body recoil spring (4) is used to drive the gun body assembly (1) to recoil. The inner receiver (102) is fixed to the rear end of the barrel (101). The ammunition feeding device (106) is installed on the inner receiver (102). The tool (106) is used to load bullets. A spring for supplying bullet force is provided in the bullet feeding tool (106). A release mechanism (107) is provided on the inner casing (102). The bolt assembly (103) is located behind the barrel (101). Under normal circumstances, the bolt assembly (103) blocks the bullet feeding port of the bullet feeding tool (106). The bolt assembly return spring (105) is provided between the rear end surface of the bolt assembly (103) and the outer casing body (201).

[0006] Preferably, a buffer mechanism is provided between the gun body assembly (1) and the outer receiver assembly (2), and the buffer mechanism is used to buffer the recoil process of the gun body assembly (1).

[0007] Preferably, the buffer mechanism is a buffer spring (3), which is sleeved on the rear end of the barrel (101), with the front end of the buffer spring (3) acting on the outer receiver body (201) and the rear end of the buffer spring (3) acting on the gun body assembly (1).

[0008] Preferably, the locking mechanism (202) includes a sear (203) and a sear spring (204), the sear (203) is hinged on the outer receiver (201), the sear (203) has a release end and a locking end, the release mechanism (107) on the inner receiver (102) corresponds to the release end of the sear (203), the two ends of the sear spring (204) act on the outer receiver (201) and the locking end of the sear (203), respectively, and a locking groove is provided on the bolt assembly (103) corresponding to the locking end of the sear (203). During the recoil of the bolt assembly (103), the bolt assembly (103) squeezes the snapping end of the sear (203) and compresses the sear spring (204). After passing over the sear (203), under the action of the sear spring (204), the snapping end of the sear (203) returns to its original position, and the snapping end of the sear (203) snaps into the snapping groove on the bolt assembly (103), forming a limit for the bolt assembly (103). During the return of the inner receiver (102), the release mechanism (107) on the inner receiver (102) presses down the release end of the sear (203), so that the snapping end of the sear (203) is out of the snapping groove on the bolt assembly (103).

[0009] Preferably, one end of the locking groove on the bolt assembly (103) is a locking surface, and the locking surface is used to abut against the locking end of the sear (203) to limit the position.

[0010] Preferably, the gun body recoil spring (4) is sleeved on the gun barrel (101), the gun barrel (101) is provided with a guide limit boss, the outer receiver body (201) is provided with a guide step hole, the guide limit boss is slidably fitted in the guide step hole of the outer receiver body (201), the guide step hole has a front limit step and a rear limit step, the front limit step cooperates with the guide limit boss of the gun barrel (101) to limit the front limit position of the gun body assembly (1), and the two ends of the gun body recoil spring (4) act on the guide limit boss of the gun barrel (101) and the rear limit step of the guide step hole respectively.

[0011] Preferably, when the barrel (101) drives the inner receiver (102) and the ammunition feeding device (106) to recoil together, the bolt assembly (103) and the barrel (101) form relative motion, and as the barrel (101) recoils, the relative displacement of the bolt assembly (103) and the barrel (101) gradually increases, and the shell (502) is extracted from the chamber of the barrel (101) through the shell ejection mechanism.

[0012] Preferably, the shell ejection mechanism is an elastic shell ejection mechanism.

[0013] A working method for achieving a low-recoil and lightweight structure for a high-powered rifle. After the bullet is fired, the gunpowder gas pushes the projectile forward and also pushes the gun body assembly (1) to recoil. During the recoil of the gun body assembly (1), the gun body reset spring (4) and the machine gun return spring (105) are compressed until the gun body assembly (1) recoils into place. During the recoil of the gun body assembly (1), the locking mechanism (202) is completely locked with the bolt assembly (103), and the bolt assembly (103) is limited by the locking mechanism (202). Under the action of the gun body recoil spring (4), the gun barrel (101) drives the inner receiver (102) and the ammunition feeding device (106) to recoil together, and completes the shell ejection during the recoil process; After the shell is ejected, the barrel (101) drives the inner receiver (102) and the ammunition feeding device (106) to continue to recoil. When the rear end of the bullet in the ammunition feeding device exceeds the front end of the bolt assembly (103), the bullet is lifted to the feeding position of the barrel (101) under the action of the spring force of the spring in the ammunition feeding device. At this time, the release mechanism (107) on the inner receiver (102) contacts the bolt engaging mechanism (202) and forces the bolt engaging mechanism (202) to release the bolt assembly (103). The bolt assembly (103) recoils under the action of the bolt assembly recoil spring (105) and pushes the bullet into the chamber at the rear end of the barrel (101).

[0014] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The mass of components like the feed mechanism and inner receiver is converted entirely to recoil mass, significantly increasing the mass of the recoil section while simplifying the structure and resolving the complexity of barrel-recoil systems. Because the energy source is not solely the barrel, but the gun body, which is connected to the barrel, this automatic mode can be called a barrel-recoil automatic mode.

[0015] Compared with the gas-operated automatic mode commonly used in existing automatic rifles, this automatic mode does not require a gas mechanism, which can save the structural weight of the gas mechanism. Compared with the barrel recoil principle, the mass of the recoil part is greater.

[0016] The present invention proposes an automatic principle for firearms, which is suitable for firearms that fire high-powered bullets. This principle directly utilizes the bottom pressure of the chamber during the firing process, without the need for additional gas guide mechanisms or acceleration mechanisms. It has the advantages of a long buffer stroke, large recoil mass, low recoil energy, and small recoil impact, and can effectively resolve the contradiction between the power and lightness of existing firearms. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the present invention in a firing state.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention in a state of a recoil limit position; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention in a shell-extracting state; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention in a state before the bolt assembly is released; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention in a state of feeding a bullet; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the present invention in a state of being ready to fire after completing the loading of bullets.

[0019] Reference numerals In the accompanying drawings, 1-gun body assembly, 101-barrel, 102-inner receiver, 103-bolt assembly, 105-bolt assembly return spring, 106-ammunition feeder, 107-release mechanism; 2-outer receiver assembly, 201-outer receiver body, 202-frame locking mechanism, 203-sealer, 204-sealer spring; 501-moving projectile, 502-cartridge case, 503-second round, 3-buffer spring, 4-gun body return spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] This invention addresses the shortcomings of barrel-blowback automatic systems in rifles and proposes a novel method and structure for achieving low recoil and lightweighting in high-powered rifles. This facilitates lightweighting by converting the mass of components such as the feed mechanism and inner receiver into recoil mass, significantly reducing the mass of the recoil portion while simplifying the structure and resolving the structural complexity of barrel-blowback systems. Because the energy source lies not only in the barrel but also in the gun body, which is rigidly connected to the barrel, this automatic system can be called a barrel-blowback automatic system.

[0021] The present invention comprises a gun body assembly and an outer receiver assembly. The gun body assembly comprises the barrel, inner receiver, feed mechanism, bolt head, bolt carrier, and bolt assembly recoil spring, among other components. The motion guide comprises the outer receiver, bolt carrier sear, and other components. The gun body and motion guide are connected by a spring, allowing the gun body to move forward and backward along the barrel axis within the outer receiver assembly.

[0022] After the bullet is fired, the gun body overcomes the recoil resistance and moves backward along the guide rail of the motion guide part. After recoil stops, the gun body begins to recoil. At this time, the locking bolt assembly on the outer receiver engages, preventing the bolt assembly from recoiling. The parts of the gun body assembly except the bolt assembly continue to recoil, causing the bolt assembly and the barrel to move relative to each other, thereby completing the mechanism actions such as unlocking, extracting, and ejecting shells. The gun body assembly except the bolt assembly continues to recoil. When the ammunition feeder moves to the front of the automatic mechanism and the bullet is lifted into place, the locking bolt assembly is released. The bolt assembly recoils under the action of the recoil spring, pushing the next round into the chamber and locking the bolt assembly for firing, and the cycle repeats.

[0023] The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, the gun body assembly 1 comprises a barrel 101, an inner receiver 102, a bolt assembly 103 (including a nose and frame components), a bolt assembly recoil spring 105, and an ammunition feeder 106. In actual applications, the gun body assembly may also include other components. The outer receiver assembly 2 comprises an outer receiver body 201, a frame engaging mechanism 202, and other components. To facilitate the description of the principle, the frame engaging mechanism is simplified by a sear 203 and a sear spring 204, with the sear 203 being hingedly connected to the outer receiver 201.

[0025] The outer receiver assembly 2 and the gun body assembly 1 are connected by a gun body recoil spring 4. Optimally, a buffer mechanism, simplified as buffer spring 3 in the figure, can be added between the gun body assembly and the outer receiver assembly. It should be noted that the installation positions of buffer spring 4 and gun body recoil spring 4 are not unique. Other structures for restoring the gun body and buffering the impact between the gun body assembly and the outer receiver assembly, other than those shown in the figure, still fall within the scope of the present invention. During firing, the outer receiver 201 can be considered stationary.

[0026] Figure 1 This is the positional relationship of the present invention in the firing position. At this point, the projectile has been fired, and the gunpowder gases propel the projectile forward while also pushing the gun body assembly backward. This backward movement compresses the gun body return spring 4 and the machine gun recoil spring 105. In practical applications, to ensure firearm accuracy, a well-defined motion guide should be provided between the gun body assembly and the outer receiver assembly, with a reasonable gap and guide length.

[0027] Figure 2 It is in a state where the gun body recoils to the extreme position, and the bottom pressure generated by the gunpowder gas will push the gun body assembly 1 to overcome the spring force of the gun body return spring 4 and the bolt return spring 105 and move backward until the recoil energy is exhausted or the gun body assembly 1 contacts the outer receiver assembly 2. Optimally, a buffer structure can be arranged at the impact position of the outer receiver assembly 2 and the gun body assembly 1 to reduce the recoil impact of the gun body assembly 1. During the recoil process, the bolt and the bolt frame always remain in a locked state. Before the gun body assembly recoils into place, the frame snapping mechanism 202 on the outer receiver component is snapped with the gun assembly. Specifically speaking of this schematic diagram, the bolt assembly 103 squeezes the sear 203 during the recoil process, and after passing the sear 203, the sear 203 returns to its position and snaps with the gun assembly 103, forming a Figure 2 status.

[0028] like Figure 3 As shown, after the gun body assembly 1 stops recoil, it begins to recoil under the action of the gun body recoil spring 4. At this point, because the bolt assembly 103 is locked by the frame locking mechanism 202, it cannot recoil with the barrel 101, inner receiver 102, ammunition feeder 106, and other components. At this point, the bolt assembly 103 and the barrel 101, inner receiver 102, and other components will form relative motion. As the barrel 101, inner receiver 102, and ammunition feeder 106 recoil, the relative displacement between the bolt assembly 103 and the barrel 101 gradually increases, resulting in the same automatic unlocking and extraction actions (similar to the prior art) as in conventional firearms. The difference is that in conventional firearms, the bolt assembly moves backward, while in the present invention, the bolt assembly remains stationary while the barrel moves forward.

[0029] like Figure 4As shown, after the cartridge case 502 is completely extracted from the barrel, it is ejected from the firearm by the ejection mechanism. Optimally, due to the low relative velocity between the bolt assembly, barrel, and outer receiver, a firearm utilizing this principle should be designed with an elastic ejection mechanism (similar to the prior art). The gun body assembly 1, with the bolt assembly 103 removed, continues to recoil. When the rear end of the cartridge in the feed mechanism passes the front end of the bolt assembly 103, the feed mechanism spring forces the cartridge upward to the feed position. At this point, the release mechanism 107 on the inner receiver engages the bolt latch mechanism 202, forcing it to release the bolt assembly. The bolt assembly 103 then recoils under the action of the bolt assembly recoil spring 105, commencing the ejection action.

[0030] Figure 6 As shown, the bolt assembly pushes the bullet into the chamber, completes the locking action, fires, and the firearm returns to Figure 1 The state shown in the figure is repeated until the shooting stops or the ammunition is exhausted.

[0031] 1. During shooting, the gun body consisting of the barrel, inner receiver, feed device, bolt assembly, etc. all participate in the recoil movement, increasing the recoil mass.

[0032] 2. During the recoil process, the bolt assembly is engaged.

[0033] 3. During the recoil process, the bolt assembly does not move while other parts of the gun body move, forming relative motion to complete the mechanism actions such as unlocking and extracting the shell.

[0034] 4. When the bullet in the feeding device reaches the feeding position, the bolt assembly is released and the feeding lock is completed.

[0035] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made in form and details without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A structure for achieving low recoil and lightweighting of a high-powered rifle, characterized by: The invention comprises a gun body assembly (1) and an outer receiver assembly (2), wherein the gun body assembly (1) comprises a barrel (101), an inner receiver (102), a bolt assembly (103), a bolt assembly recoil spring (105), and an ammunition feeder (106), and the outer receiver assembly (2) comprises an outer receiver body (201) and a locking mechanism (202); The gun body assembly (1) is fitted into the outer casing (201) and is capable of moving forward and backward along the axis of the barrel (101) in the outer casing (201). A gun body recoil spring (4) is provided between the outer casing assembly (2) and the gun body assembly (1). The gun body recoil spring (4) is used to drive the gun body assembly (1) to recoil. The inner casing (102) is fixed to the rear end of the barrel (101). The ammunition feeding device (106) is installed on the inner casing (102). The inner casing (102) is provided with a release mechanism (107). The bolt assembly (103) is located at the rear of the barrel (101). The bolt assembly recoil spring (105) is provided between the rear end surface of the bolt assembly (103) and the outer casing (201).

2. The structure for achieving low recoil and lightweight of a high-powered rifle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A buffer mechanism is provided between the gun body assembly (1) and the outer receiver assembly (2), and the buffer mechanism is used to buffer the recoil process of the gun body assembly (1).

3. The structure for achieving low recoil and lightweight of a high-powered rifle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The buffer mechanism is a buffer spring (3), which is sleeved on the rear end of the gun barrel (101), with the front end of the buffer spring (3) acting on the outer receiver body (201) and the rear end of the buffer spring (3) acting on the gun body assembly (1).

4. The structure for achieving low recoil and lightweight of a high-powered rifle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking mechanism (202) includes a sear (203) and a sear spring (204). The sear (203) is hinged on the outer receiver (201). The sear (203) has a release end and a locking end. The release mechanism (107) on the inner receiver (102) corresponds to the release end of the sear (203). The two ends of the sear spring (204) act on the outer receiver (201) and the locking end of the sear (203) respectively. A locking groove is provided on the bolt assembly (103) corresponding to the locking end of the sear (203). During the recoil of the bolt assembly (103), the bolt assembly (103) squeezes the snapping end of the sear (203) and compresses the sear spring (204). After passing over the sear (203), under the action of the sear spring (204), the snapping end of the sear (203) returns to its original position, and the snapping end of the sear (203) snaps into the snapping groove on the bolt assembly (103), forming a limit for the bolt assembly (103). During the return of the inner receiver (102), the release mechanism (107) on the inner receiver (102) presses down the release end of the sear (203), so that the snapping end of the sear (203) is out of the snapping groove on the bolt assembly (103).

5. The structure for achieving low recoil and lightweight of a high-powered rifle according to claim 4, characterized in that: One end of the locking groove on the bolt assembly (103) is a locking surface, and the locking surface is used to abut against the locking end of the sear (203) to limit the position.

6. The structure for achieving low recoil and lightweight of a high-powered rifle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gun body recoil spring (4) is sleeved on the gun barrel (101), the gun barrel (101) is provided with a guide limit boss, the outer receiver body (201) is provided with a guide step hole, the guide limit boss is slidably matched in the guide step hole of the outer receiver body (201), the guide step hole has a front limit step and a rear limit step, the front limit step cooperates with the guide limit boss of the gun barrel (101) to limit the front limit position of the gun body assembly (1), and the two ends of the gun body recoil spring (4) act on the guide limit boss of the gun barrel (101) and the rear limit step of the guide step hole respectively.

7. The structure for achieving low recoil and lightweight of a high-powered rifle according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the process of the barrel (101) driving the inner casing (102) and the ammunition feeding device (106) to return together, the bolt assembly (103) and the barrel (101) form relative motion. As the barrel (101) returns, the relative displacement of the bolt assembly (103) and the barrel (101) gradually increases, and the shell (502) is extracted from the chamber of the barrel (101) through the shell ejection mechanism.

8. A method for achieving a low-recoil and lightweight structure for a high-powered rifle according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the bullet is fired, the gunpowder gas pushes the projectile forward and also pushes the gun body assembly (1) to recoil. During the recoil of the gun body assembly (1), the gun body reset spring (4) and the machine gun return spring (105) are compressed until the gun body assembly (1) recoils into place. During the recoil of the gun body assembly (1), the locking mechanism (202) is completely locked with the bolt assembly (103), and the bolt assembly (103) is limited by the locking mechanism (202). Under the action of the gun body recoil spring (4), the gun barrel (101) drives the inner receiver (102) and the ammunition feeding device (106) to recoil together, and completes the shell ejection during the recoil process; After the shell is ejected, the barrel (101) drives the inner receiver (102) and the ammunition feeding device (106) to continue to recoil. When the rear end of the bullet in the ammunition feeding device exceeds the front end of the bolt assembly (103), the bullet is lifted to the feeding position of the barrel (101) under the action of the spring force of the spring in the ammunition feeding device. At this time, the release mechanism (107) on the inner receiver (102) contacts the bolt engaging mechanism (202) and forces the bolt engaging mechanism (202) to release the bolt assembly (103). The bolt assembly (103) recoils under the action of the bolt assembly recoil spring (105) and pushes the bullet into the chamber at the rear end of the barrel (101).

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