Self-cleaning antibacterial domestic ceramic and glaze and preparation process thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses self-cleaning antibacterial domestic ceramic and glaze and a preparation process thereof. The preparation process comprises the following steps: step 1, early-stage research and innovative conception; 2, determining a core raw material and a formula; step 3, pretreating the raw materials; step 4, glaze preparation process; step 5, preparing a domestic ceramic green body; step 6, glazing and sintering process; the preparation method has the advantages that nano titanium dioxide added in the glaze can generate free radicals with strong oxidizing property under illumination, organic pollutants on the surface of ceramic can be decomposed, the self-cleaning function is achieved, meanwhile, nano silver and silver-loaded zirconium phosphate have good antibacterial performance, breeding of various bacteria can be effectively inhibited, the anti-bacterial performance is good, the service life of the glaze is prolonged, and the service life of the glaze is prolonged. The antibacterial rate on common bacteria such as escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus can reach 95% or above, the raw materials are wide in source and meet the environment-friendly requirement, the conventional ball milling, forming, glazing and firing processes are adopted, industrial production is easy, the cost is low, and large-scale popularization of the product is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic manufacturing, and in particular to a self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramic and glaze and a preparation process thereof. Background Art

[0002] In daily life, daily ceramic products, such as tableware and sanitary ware, are closely related to people's lives. As utensils closely connected with people's daily lives, daily ceramics are widely used in catering, decoration and other fields. From daily dining bowls and plates, tea sets to ceramic ornaments for interior decoration, they not only have practical functions, but also carry certain cultural and aesthetic values. With the improvement of living standards, people's quality requirements for daily ceramics are becoming more and more stringent. They not only pay attention to their appearance design and practicality, but also have higher expectations for the hygienic performance and cleaning convenience of ceramics.

[0003] However, traditional daily-use ceramics are easily contaminated with various stains during use and do not have antibacterial properties. Existing self-cleaning and antibacterial technologies have great limitations in the field of daily-use ceramics. Some products that achieve self-cleaning and antibacterial functions by coating chemical coatings on the ceramic surface have poor coating stability. During long-term use, the coatings are easily peeled off due to frequent cleaning, friction and other external forces, resulting in reduced self-cleaning and antibacterial effects. In addition, some chemical coatings may contain substances that are harmful to the human body. After the coating is worn, the harmful substances may migrate into food or the human body contact environment, posing a health hazard. At the same time, its self-cleaning and antibacterial effects cannot be effectively exerted in indoor environments with insufficient light or no light.

[0004] At present, there is an urgent need for a self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramic and glaze and their preparation process. The glaze preparation process can stably exert the self-cleaning and antibacterial effect under normal use conditions, and has good bonding with the ceramic matrix without affecting the original excellent properties of the ceramic. It not only improves the hygiene standards of daily-use ceramics, but also expands their application in medical treatment, food processing and other fields with extremely high requirements for sanitary conditions. Therefore, the development of a self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramic and glaze and their preparation process has important practical significance. To solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramic and glaze and their preparation process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramic and glaze, which can stably exert the self-cleaning and antibacterial effect under normal use conditions, and has a glaze preparation process that combines well with the ceramic matrix and does not affect the original excellent properties of the ceramic. It not only improves the hygiene standards of daily-use ceramics, but also expands its application in fields with extremely high requirements on hygiene conditions such as medical care and food processing. A self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramic and glaze and their preparation process.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is solved by the following technical solution: a self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramic and glaze and a preparation process thereof, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Preliminary research and innovative ideas: In-depth research on existing self-cleaning and antibacterial ceramics and glaze technologies will be conducted to understand the application of photocatalysis and antibacterial agents in the ceramic field. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of current products, identify problems such as low self-cleaning efficiency and poor antibacterial durability, and provide direction for innovation. It is envisioned that new photocatalytic materials can be combined with high-efficiency antibacterial agents, and explore new addition methods and formula combinations to break through existing technical bottlenecks and achieve a synergistic improvement in self-cleaning and antibacterial performance. Step 2: Determine the core raw materials and formula: Quartz SiO2 provides hardness and chemical stability, accounting for 30-40wt%; feldspar such as potassium feldspar KAlSi3O8 acts as a flux, accounting for 25-35wt%; kaolin gives the glaze plasticity and suspension properties, accounting for 15-25wt%. 2-5wt% of boric acid H3BO3 is added to improve fluidity and gloss, and 1-3wt% of zinc oxide ZnO enhances hardness and chemical stability. Self-cleaning antibacterial agent selection and ratio: Nano-titanium dioxide TiO2 is selected for its high photocatalytic activity and stable chemical properties. Through a series of experiments, the addition range of 3-7wt% was determined to achieve the best photocatalytic self-cleaning effect. Silver-based antibacterial agents, such as nano-silver powder or silver ion exchange zeolite, are introduced. After antibacterial experiments, the addition ratio of 2-6wt% is determined to ensure significant antibacterial effects against common pathogens. Step 3: Raw material pretreatment: Quartz, feldspar, kaolin and other raw materials are crushed in a ball mill to control the particle size to above 200 mesh to ensure mixing uniformity. Magnetic separation, flotation and other methods are used to remove impurities such as iron in the raw materials to prevent them from affecting the color and performance of the glaze. Nano-TiO2 dispersion treatment: Nano-TiO2 powder is added to an appropriate amount of dispersant such as sodium polyacrylate and solvent deionized water. Ultrasonic dispersion is performed for 30 to 60 minutes to form a uniform dispersion liquid, thereby improving its dispersibility and stability in the glaze. The silver-based antibacterial agent is surface activated, such as soaking in a dilute acid solution, washing with water, and drying, to enhance its antibacterial activity and compatibility in the glaze. Step 4: Glaze preparation process: According to the formula, the pretreated glaze raw materials and self-cleaning antibacterial agent are added to the mixing tank, stirred at low speed for 30 minutes, and then at high speed for 60 minutes to ensure that the ingredients are evenly mixed. The stirred mixture is transferred to a ball mill and ball milled for 8-10 hours at a ratio of material: ball: water = 1:2:0.8. The speed is controlled at 200-250r / min to make the glaze particle size reach 2-5μm to ensure the fineness and performance of the glaze surface. The glaze slurry after ball milling is further deironed by magnetic separation equipment and then subjected to ultrasonic homogenization for 30 minutes to further ensure the uniformity and stability of the glaze quality. Step 5: Preparation of daily-use ceramic bodies: Based on 40-50wt% clay, 20-30wt% quartz, and 15-25wt% feldspar, 3-8wt% alumina Al2O3 powder is added to improve the strength and high-temperature resistance of the green body. The green body raw materials are accurately weighed according to the formula and mixed in a high-speed mixer for more than 30 minutes to ensure uniform composition. The mixed mud is aged for 3-5 days at a temperature of 20-25℃ and a humidity of 80%-90% to improve the mud plasticity and forming properties. The forming method such as grouting and pressing is selected according to the product shape. Slurry casting is used for complex shapes, and the mud concentration and grouting time are controlled; pressing is used for simple regular shapes, and the forming pressure and time are controlled to ensure the dimensional accuracy and uniform density of the green body. The formed green body is first naturally dried at room temperature for 12-24 hours, and then placed in a drying oven at 40-60℃ to dry until the moisture content is less than 3%; Step 6: Glazing and firing process: According to product requirements, the glaze dipping, spraying or pouring method is used, and the dipping time is controlled at 3 to 5 seconds to ensure a uniform glaze layer; the spraying pressure is set to 0.2-0.3MPa to ensure the atomization effect; the pouring flow rate is controlled at 50-80mL / min to ensure the thickness of the glaze layer, and the glaze thickness is accurately controlled at 0.6-0.8mm to ensure self-cleaning and antibacterial properties and glaze surface quality. In an oxidizing atmosphere, the body is first heated to 600℃ at a rate of 5-8℃ / min and kept warm for 30 minutes to remove moisture and organic matter. It is then heated to 1250-1320℃ at a rate of 10-12℃ / min and kept warm for 60-90 minutes to fully melt and vitrify the glaze. It is then cooled to below 100℃ and taken out of the furnace to prevent defects such as cracks and deformation on the glaze surface. Step 7: Performance testing and optimization: Simulate daily stains such as oil and tea stains on the ceramic surface, irradiate with ultraviolet light for a certain period of time, and evaluate the self-cleaning effect by measuring the amount of stain residue or the change in contact angle. Use the plate count method or the inhibition zone method to detect the antibacterial rate of ceramics against common pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and require the antibacterial rate to reach more than 95%. Test the hardness, strength, glossiness, water absorption rate and other indicators of the ceramics to ensure that they meet the relevant standards for daily-use ceramics. According to the test results, adjust the formula and process parameters in a targeted manner. For example, if the self-cleaning performance is insufficient, adjust the amount of photocatalytic material added or improve the dispersion method; if the antibacterial performance is poor, optimize the type of antibacterial agent or the addition method until the ideal performance is achieved.

[0007] Preferably, the glaze comprises the following components in parts by weight: Silicon dioxide (SiO2): 40-60 parts; Alumina (Al2O3): 10-20 parts; Calcium oxide (CaO): 5-15 parts; Magnesium oxide (MgO): 3-8 parts; Zinc oxide (ZnO): 5-10 parts; Titanium oxide (TiO2): 8-15 parts; Silver antibacterial agent: 0.5-2 parts; Rare earth additives: 0.5-2 parts; Flux: 3-8 parts.

[0008] Preferably, the silver-based antibacterial agent is one or more combinations of nano silver powder, silver nitrate, and zirconium phosphate-supported silver, and the rare earth additive is one of cerium oxide (CeO2) and lanthanum oxide (La2O3) or a mixture of the two in any proportion.

[0009] Preferably, the flux is one or more combinations of borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and the ceramic body raw materials include, by weight, 30-50 parts of kaolin, 15-30 parts of quartz, 10-20 parts of feldspar, and 5-15 parts of clay.

[0010] Preferably, the green body is prepared using a traditional ceramic green body formula, where clay, feldspar and quartz are mixed in a mass ratio of 4:3:3, and after ball milling, sieving and iron removal, a green mud with a moisture content of 18% to 22% is made. The green body is then made into a ceramic green body of the desired shape through slip injection molding or plastic compression molding. After the green body is formed, it is dried at room temperature to a moisture content of 8% to 12%.

[0011] Preferably, the glaze is applied to the surface of the dried ceramic body by dipping or spraying, and the thickness of the glaze layer is controlled at 0.3-0.5 mm. In the glazing step, when glazing by dipping, the glaze temperature is controlled at 30-35°C, and the dipping time is 1-2 minutes; when glazing by spraying, the spray gun pressure is controlled at 0.2-0.3 MPa, and the spraying distance is 15-20 cm; when glazing by pouring, the glaze flow rate is 50-80 mL / min, and the pouring time is 3-5 minutes.

[0012] Preferably, the antibacterial agent is silver-loaded zirconium phosphate, the dispersant is a polycarboxylate dispersant, the suspending agent is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and the antibacterial agent is a zinc-loaded antibacterial agent.

[0013] Preferably, the flux is a mixture of borax and potassium carbonate in a mass ratio of 2:1; the purity of each raw material is ensured to be above 98%, and the particle size passes through a 200-mesh sieve; the concentration of the nanosilver ion solution is 0.1 mol / L, and ultrasonic dispersion treatment is performed for 30 minutes to ensure that the nanosilver ions are evenly dispersed in the glaze slurry.

[0014] Preferably, the glaze is prepared by adding the components of the glaze according to claim 1 into a ball mill, adding an appropriate amount of deionized water, and ball milling for 2-4 hours to obtain a 200-300 mesh glaze slurry; the green body is prepared by mixing and stirring the components of the green body according to claim 1 evenly, adding water to make a mud material, and then aging for 24-48 hours to obtain a green body; glazing and firing: applying the glaze slurry to the surface of the green body by the dipping method, with a glaze layer thickness of 0.5-1mm, first preheating at 400-600℃ for 1-2 hours, then heating to 1200-1300℃ and firing for 2-3 hours, and cooling to room temperature with the furnace.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramics and glazes of the present invention, and their preparation process, are characterized by a photocatalytic reaction of titanium oxide in the glaze under light, generating highly oxidizing free radicals that effectively decompose organic pollutants attached to the ceramic surface. When organic stains such as oil and food residue adhere to the ceramic surface, the active ingredients in the glaze can gradually decompose them into small molecules through chemical reactions under normal temperature and pressure, making them easier to rinse away with water. The glaze exhibits excellent self-cleaning and highly efficient stain-decomposition capabilities. 2. The self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramics and glazes of the present invention, as well as their preparation process, have a strong inhibitory effect on a variety of common bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, through the combined action of nanosilver particles and the zinc-loaded antibacterial agent in the ceramic body. This significantly reduces the number of bacteria on the product surface, lowering the risk of disease transmission caused by contact with ceramic products and providing reliable protection for the health of users. The antibacterial components in the glaze are evenly and firmly integrated into the ceramic lattice structure and are not easily lost over time and with repeated use, effectively preventing bacterial growth and reproduction, creating a lastingly clean and healthy living environment for users. 3. The self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramics and glazes of the present invention, and their preparation process, through reasonable formula design and firing process, form a good bond between the glaze and the body, and the glaze surface has high hardness and wear resistance, and is not prone to problems such as peeling and cracking. At the same time, the product has good chemical stability and is not easily corroded in acidic and alkaline environments. It has a long service life and is not easily contaminated with stubborn stains, avoiding surface wear caused by frequent and vigorous wiping and cleaning. At the same time, the resistance to corrosive substances is enhanced, reducing the erosion of the ceramic by substances such as acids and alkalis, improving durability, and reducing the need for frequent replacement of daily-use ceramics due to damage and hygiene problems. 4. The self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramics and glazes and their preparation process of the present invention are all made of common ceramic raw materials with a wide range of sources and relatively low cost. The preparation process is based on traditional ceramic production technology and does not require special equipment and complicated operating procedures. It is easy to promote and apply in existing ceramic production enterprises. The strong self-cleaning performance makes it unnecessary or only requires a small amount of chemical cleaning agents during the cleaning process. This not only reduces the pollution of cleaning agents to the environment, reduces the risk of ecological damage caused by the discharge of harmful chemicals such as phosphorus and chlorine into water bodies, but also avoids the potential harm of cleaning agent residues to human health, and has good economic benefits and market prospects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, unmodified nouns and nouns modified by "the" include singular and plural referents.

[0017] As used in the specification and claims, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "having," "may," "containing," and variations thereof, as used herein, refer to open transitional phrases, terms, or words that require the presence of specified ingredients / steps and permit the presence of other ingredients / steps. However, such descriptions should be interpreted as also describing compositions or methods as "consisting of" and "consisting essentially of" the recited ingredients / steps, which permits the presence of only the specified ingredients / steps and any unavoidable impurities that may result therefrom, and excludes other ingredients / steps.

[0018] The numerical values ​​in the specification and claims of this application should be understood to include the same value when reduced to the same number of significant figures and values ​​that differ from the stated value by less than the experimental error of ordinary measurement techniques of the type described in this application for determining the stated value.

[0019] All ranges disclosed herein are inclusive of the stated endpoints and are independently combinable (eg, the range of "2 grams to 10 grams" includes the endpoints 2 grams and 10 grams, and all intermediate values).

[0020] The terms "about" and "approximately" can be used to include any value that can vary without changing the basic function of the value. When used in conjunction with a range, "about" and "approximately" also disclose the range defined by the absolute values ​​of the two endpoints, for example, "about 2 to about 4" also discloses a range of "2 to 4". In general, the terms "about" and "approximately" can refer to ±10% of the indicated number. However, with respect to temperature, the term "approximately" refers to ±1°C.

[0021] Unless expressly stated otherwise, percentages of elements are to be considered as percentages by weight of the alloy in question.

[0022] The present disclosure may refer to temperatures in certain method steps. It should be noted that these specifications generally refer to the temperature set by the heat source (such as a furnace), and not necessarily the temperature that the heated material must reach.

[0023] The following description is intended to disclose the present invention and enable those skilled in the art to implement the present invention. The preferred embodiments described below are for illustrative purposes only, and those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other obvious variations. The basic principles of the present invention as defined in the following description may be applied to other embodiments, variations, improvements, equivalents, and other technical solutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1 Glaze preparation: Weigh 50% silicon dioxide, 20% aluminum oxide, 10% calcium oxide, 6% magnesium oxide, 5% titanium oxide, 1% nano silver particles, 0.5% cerium oxide, 0.5% polycarboxylate dispersant, and 2% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose according to weight percentage.

[0025] Add the above raw materials into the ball mill in sequence, and add appropriate amount of water. The ball milling time is 4 hours to ensure that the raw materials are fully mixed and uniform to obtain a fine glaze slurry.

[0026] Body preparation: Weigh 40% kaolin, 25% feldspar, 20% quartz, 8% bentonite and 2% zinc-loaded antibacterial agent according to weight percentage.

[0027] After mixing the raw materials, add appropriate amount of water and ball mill for 3 hours to make mud. After the mud is aged for 36 hours, the tableware blank is made by slip injection molding process. The blank is dried and set aside.

[0028] Glazing and firing: The prepared glaze is evenly applied to the surface of the body by dipping method, and the thickness of the glaze layer is controlled at 0.8mm.

[0029] The glazed body is placed in the kiln, first heated at a low temperature of 400°C for 2.5 hours, then rapidly heated to 1300°C, kept warm and fired for 4 hours, and finally slowly cooled in the kiln to room temperature for 7 hours.

[0030] The performance of the ceramic tableware was tested, and its antibacterial rate against E. coli reached 98.5%. Under indoor natural light conditions, the decomposition rate of organic stains reached 92% within a week. The glaze hardness was tested to reach Mohs hardness level 7, and it has good wear resistance. After 500 friction tests, there was no obvious wear on the glaze.

[0031] Example 2 Glaze preparation: 48% silicon dioxide, 22% aluminum oxide, 9% calcium oxide, 7% magnesium oxide, 6% titanium oxide, 1.2% nano silver particles, 0.6% cerium oxide, 0.4% polycarboxylate dispersant, and 2.8% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose were weighed according to weight percentage.

[0032] The ball milling process was the same as in Example 1, and the ball milling time was 4.5 hours to obtain a glaze slurry.

[0033] Body preparation: 38% kaolin, 28% feldspar, 18% quartz, 9% bentonite and 2.5% zinc-loaded antibacterial agent were weighed according to weight percentage.

[0034] The preparation of the clay material and the molding process are the same as in Example 1 to produce a sanitary ware blank.

[0035] Glazing and firing: The glaze is applied by spraying, and the thickness of the glaze layer is controlled at 1mm.

[0036] The firing process is as follows: heating at 350°C for 3 hours at low temperature, then heating to 1320°C, keeping warm and firing for 4.5 hours, and cooling for 7.5 hours.

[0037] Performance testing of the sanitary ware ceramic showed an antibacterial rate of up to 99% against Staphylococcus aureus. Under simulated bathroom lighting conditions, the self-cleaning effect was significant, with the decomposition rate of common stains reaching over 85% within three days. The glaze had good chemical stability, and after being soaked in a 5% hydrochloric acid solution for 24 hours, there was no obvious corrosion on the glaze.

[0038] Comparative Example 1 A group of ordinary ceramics without adding titanium oxide and nano-silver particles were prepared as comparative examples.

[0039] The glaze formula is as follows by weight: 55% silicon dioxide, 22% aluminum oxide, 10% calcium oxide, 8% magnesium oxide, 3% other additives (without self-cleaning and antibacterial functional ingredients), and 2% flux. The body formula and preparation process are the same as those in Example 1, and the glazing and firing processes are also the same.

[0040] Performance tests of this ordinary ceramic under the same conditions showed that its antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli was only about 30%. Under the same lighting conditions, it had almost no ability to decompose organic stains. After a period of use, the ceramic surface was obviously stained and difficult to clean, in sharp contrast to the self-cleaning antibacterial ceramics of Examples 1 and 2.

[0041] Example 3 Preparation of glaze: Take 40 parts of silicon dioxide, 20 parts of aluminum oxide, 6 parts of calcium oxide, 5 parts of magnesium oxide, 4 parts of zinc oxide, 6 parts of titanium oxide, 1 part of cerium oxide, 1.5 parts of nano-titanium dioxide, 0.2 parts of nano-silver, 0.6 parts of sodium polyacrylate, and 4 parts of borax, add the above raw materials into a ball mill, add appropriate amount of deionized water, and ball mill for 3 hours to obtain a 250-mesh glaze slurry.

[0042] Preparation of green body: Weigh 35 parts of kaolin, 25 parts of feldspar, 20 parts of quartz, 8 parts of bentonite, and 2 parts of silver-loaded zirconium phosphate, mix and stir evenly, add water to make a mud material, age for 36 hours, and shape it into a green body.

[0043] Glazing and firing: Glazing is done by dipping, with a 0.7mm thick glaze layer. Preheat the ceramic at 500°C for 1.5 hours, then heat it to 1250°C and fire it for 2.5 hours. The ceramic product is then cooled in the furnace to obtain a ceramic product. Testing has shown that the ceramic has an antibacterial rate of 96% against E. coli and an organic pollutant decomposition rate of 85% under light.

[0044] Example 4 Preparation of glaze: Weigh 45 parts of silicon dioxide, 18 parts of aluminum oxide, 7 parts of calcium oxide, 4 parts of magnesium oxide, 5 parts of zinc oxide, 7 parts of titanium oxide, 1.2 parts of lanthanum oxide, 2 parts of nano-titanium dioxide, 0.3 parts of nano-silver, 0.8 parts of sodium polyacrylate, and 5 parts of borax, and ball mill for 3.5 hours to obtain a 280-mesh glaze slurry.

[0045] Preparation of the green body: Take 32 parts of kaolin, 28 parts of feldspar, 18 parts of quartz, 6 parts of bentonite, and 1.5 parts of silver-loaded zirconium phosphate, make a mud material, age it for 40 hours, and shape it into a green body.

[0046] Glazing and firing: After glazing, the glaze layer is 0.8mm thick, preheated at 450℃ for 2 hours, fired at 1280℃ for 2.2 hours, and cooled in the furnace. The ceramic has an antibacterial rate of 97% against Staphylococcus aureus, good self-cleaning performance, and the decomposition rate of organic pollutants under light reaches 88%.

[0047] Comparative Example 2 Using the traditional glaze formula, without adding nano-titanium dioxide, nano-silver and silver-loaded zirconium phosphate, ceramic products are obtained according to the same preparation process. After testing, the antibacterial rate of the ceramic against bacteria is only about 30%, and there is no obvious self-cleaning function.

[0048] Example 5 1. Experimental Purpose This embodiment aims to elaborate on the preparation and performance verification process of a self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramic and glaze, and to determine the optimal preparation scheme of the self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramic and glaze by comparing different formulations and processes.

[0049] 2. Experimental Materials Basic glaze raw materials: feldspar, quartz, kaolin, talc, etc., are all high-quality raw materials commonly used in the ceramic industry, ensuring the basic stability of the glaze.

[0050] Self-cleaning antibacterial additives: nano titanium dioxide (anatase type, particle size 20-30nm), silver ion antibacterial agent (with zirconium phosphate as carrier, silver ion content 10%).

[0051] Auxiliary additives: dispersant (sodium polyacrylate), flux (borax).

[0052] Ceramic body: Select conventional daily-use ceramic body, the chemical composition of which complies with industry standards to ensure that the body does not interfere with the glaze performance test.

[0053] 3. Experimental steps Glaze preparation Formula design: Design three groups of glazes with different formulas. The specific ingredients are shown in the following table: |Glaze formula|Feldspar (%)|Quartz (%)|Kaolin (%)|Talc (%)|Nano-titanium dioxide (%)|Silver ion antibacterial agent (%)|Dispersant (%)|Flux (%)| |----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----| |Formula 1|40|25|15|10|5|3|0.5|1.5| |Recipe 2|38|26|16|10|6|2|0.5|1.5| |Formula 3|42|24|14|10|4|4|0.5|1.5| Raw material mixing: Accurately weigh the raw materials according to the formula, add them into the ball mill, and ball mill at a ratio of material: ball: water = 1:2:0.8. The ball milling time is set to 12 hours to ensure that the raw materials are fully mixed and the particle size meets the requirements.

[0054] Addition and dispersion of additives: Add dispersant to the glaze slurry after ball milling, and ultrasonically disperse for 30 minutes to evenly disperse the dispersant in the glaze slurry. Subsequently, add nano titanium dioxide and silver ion antibacterial agent respectively, and continue ultrasonically dispersing for 60 minutes to ensure that the self-cleaning antibacterial additives are evenly dispersed in the glaze slurry to avoid agglomeration.

[0055] Glazing and firing Glazing: Apply the three prepared glazes to the surface of the ceramic body by dipping method respectively, control the thickness of the glaze layer between 0.5-0.8mm, and ensure that the glaze layer evenly covers the body.

[0056] Firing: The glazed body is placed in a high-temperature kiln for firing. First, the temperature is raised from room temperature to 600°C at a heating rate of 3°C / min, then raised to 1200°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min, and kept at 1200°C for 30 minutes. Finally, it is cooled to room temperature in the kiln.

[0057] 4. Performance Testing Self-cleaning performance test: Using an artificial pollution simulation test method, a mixture of oil and pigment is evenly applied to the surface of the fired ceramic sample. After 24 hours, the sample surface is rinsed with deionized water and gently scrubbed with a soft brush. The removal of pollutants is observed and recorded, and the sample is rated according to the following standards: Level 5: Pollutants are completely removed, no traces of residue remain on the ceramic surface, and the self-cleaning performance is excellent.

[0058] Level 4: Most of the pollutants are removed, with only a few slight traces, and the self-cleaning performance is good.

[0059] Level 3: About 50% of pollutants are removed, but there are still obvious traces, and the self-cleaning performance is average.

[0060] Level 2: Fewer pollutants are removed, a large amount of pollutants remain, and the self-cleaning performance is poor.

[0061] Level 1: Pollutants are hardly removed and self-cleaning performance is extremely poor.

[0062] Antibacterial performance test: According to the national standard "QB / T2591-2003 Antibacterial Plastics - Antibacterial Performance Test Method and Antibacterial Effect", the antibacterial performance of ceramic samples was tested using the film method. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were selected as test bacteria. The bacterial liquid was evenly coated on the culture medium, and then the ceramic sample was covered on the surface of the culture medium. The culture was placed in a constant temperature incubator at 37°C for 24 hours. The antibacterial rate was calculated by comparing the number of colonies on the culture medium before and after inoculation of the ceramic sample. The formula is as follows: Antibacterial rate (%) = [(number of colonies in blank control - number of colonies on sample surface) / number of colonies in blank control] × 100% 5. Experimental Results and Analysis Self-cleaning performance test results: the sample rating of formula 1 is level 4, the sample rating of formula 2 is level 5, and the sample rating of formula 3 is level 3. Analysis shows that the appropriate amount of nano-titanium dioxide and silver ion antibacterial agent in formula 2 works synergistically, making it more capable of decomposing and removing pollutants under the dual effects of photocatalysis and antibacterial agent, and has the best self-cleaning performance.

[0063] Antibacterial performance test results: the antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli is 92% for formula one, 95% for formula two, and 90% for formula three; the antibacterial rate against Staphylococcus aureus is 90% for formula one, 94% for formula two, and 88% for formula three. It can be seen that formula two shows a higher antibacterial rate against both strains due to its reasonable content of silver ion antibacterial agent.

[0064] VI. Conclusion Through the research of this embodiment, a glaze with a formula of 38% feldspar, 26% quartz, 16% kaolin, 10% talc, 6% nano-titanium dioxide, 2% silver ion antibacterial agent, 0.5% dispersant, and 1.5% flux was determined. Under specific glazing and firing processes, the prepared daily-use ceramics have excellent self-cleaning and antibacterial properties, meet actual use needs, and provide a feasible technical solution for the industrial production of self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramics.

[0065] Example 6: A self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramic and glaze and a preparation process thereof, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Determine the core and innovation of the invention Self-cleaning principle: Focusing on photocatalytic self-cleaning, nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) is selected as the key material. Under ultraviolet irradiation, the valence band electrons of TiO2 are excited to the conduction band, forming hole-electron pairs with strong oxidizing properties, which can decompose organic matter adsorbed on the ceramic surface into carbon dioxide and water, achieving self-cleaning.

[0066] Antibacterial mechanism: Silver-based antibacterial agents are introduced, utilizing silver ions (Ag⁺) to destroy bacterial cell membranes and interfere with bacterial respiratory enzymes and DNA, achieving highly effective antibacterial effects. At the same time, we explore ways to synergistically integrate the two into the glaze to ensure long-lasting and stable functionality.

[0067] Step 2: Glaze formula design and experimental optimization Basic glaze composition: Based on traditional ceramic glazes, the main ingredients are determined: such as quartz (SiO2) 30-40wt%, which provides hardness and chemical stability; feldspar (KAlSi3O8, NaAlSi3O8, etc.) 25-35wt%, which acts as a flux to reduce the firing temperature; kaolin 15-25wt%, which ensures the plasticity and suspension of the glaze.

[0068] Self-cleaning antibacterial agent added: Nano-TiO2: Try different addition amounts, such as 3wt%, 5wt%, 7wt%, etc., to study their effects on the self-cleaning performance. Measure the photocatalytic activity using a UV-visible spectrophotometer, and use the degradation rate of methylene blue solution as an indicator to determine the optimal addition amount.

[0069] Silver-based antibacterial agent: Use nano-silver powder or silver ion exchange zeolite, change the addition ratio (2wt%, 4wt%, 6wt%), test the antibacterial effect on common bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus through inhibition zone experiment, and determine the appropriate addition amount.

[0070] Additive and flux adjustment: Add a small amount of boric acid (H3BO3) 2-5wt% to improve the fluidity and glossiness of the glaze; zinc oxide (ZnO) 1-3wt% to enhance the hardness and chemical stability of the glaze. By adjusting the proportions of these ingredients, the overall performance of the glaze can be optimized.

[0071] Step 3: Study on the adaptability of daily-use ceramic bodies Green body formula optimization: Based on clay (40-50wt%), quartz (20-30wt%), and feldspar (15-25wt%), an appropriate amount of alumina (Al2O3) powder (3-8wt%) is added to improve the green body strength. The green body formula is adjusted to match its thermal expansion coefficient with the glaze to prevent glaze cracking or peeling.

[0072] Body pretreatment: Raw material crushing and mixing: crush the green body raw materials with a ball mill, pass through a 200-mesh sieve to ensure uniform particle size, accurately weigh according to the formula, and mix in a high-speed blender for more than 30 minutes to ensure uniform distribution of ingredients.

[0073] Aging treatment: The mixed clay is aged for 3-5 days at 20-25℃ and 80%-90% humidity to improve the plasticity and forming properties of the clay.

[0074] Step 4: Preparation process development and improvement Glaze preparation: Raw material ball milling: Add all ingredients of glaze into ball mill, according to the ratio of material: ball: water = 1:2:0.8, ball mill for 8-10 hours, speed 200-250r / min, until the particle size reaches 2-5μm.

[0075] Iron removal and homogenization: The glaze slurry after ball milling is passed through magnetic separation equipment to remove iron impurities, and then subjected to ultrasonic homogenization treatment for 30 minutes to ensure uniform and stable quality.

[0076] Body preparation: Molding: Select the appropriate molding method according to the product shape, such as slip casting for complex shapes and press molding for simple regular shapes. Control the molding pressure and time to ensure the size accuracy and uniform density of the green body.

[0077] Drying: The formed body is first dried naturally at room temperature for 12-24 hours, and then placed in a drying oven at 40-60℃ to dry until the moisture content is less than 3%.

[0078] Glazing and firing: Glazing: Use dipping, spraying or pouring methods to apply glaze, control the glaze layer thickness at 0.6-0.8mm, dipping time at 3-5 seconds, spraying pressure at 0.2-0.3MPa, and pouring flow rate at 50-80mL / min.

[0079] Firing: The green body is fired in an oxidizing atmosphere, first heating to 600℃ at 5-8℃ / min and keeping it warm for 30 minutes to remove moisture and organic matter; then heating to 1250-1320℃ at 10-12℃ / min and keeping it warm for 60-90 minutes; finally cooling to below 100℃ and taking it out of the furnace.

[0080] Step 5: Performance testing and quality control Self-cleaning performance test: simulate daily stains on the ceramic surface, irradiate it with UV light for a certain period of time, and evaluate the self-cleaning effect by measuring the amount of stain residue or contact angle changes.

[0081] Antibacterial performance testing: Use the plate count method or inhibition zone method to test the antibacterial rate of ceramics against common pathogens, and the antibacterial rate is required to reach more than 95%.

[0082] Routine performance evaluation: Test the hardness, strength, glossiness, water absorption and other routine performance indicators of ceramics to ensure compliance with relevant standards for daily-use ceramics.

[0083] Quality Control: During the production process, each batch of products is randomly sampled for performance testing. A quality traceability system is established to record the procurement of raw materials, preparation process, finished product inspection and other links to ensure stable and reliable product quality.

[0084] Example 7: A self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramic and glaze and a preparation process thereof, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Preliminary research and innovative ideas 1. Comprehensive Research: Conduct in-depth research on existing self-cleaning and antibacterial ceramics and glaze technologies, understand the application of photocatalysis and antibacterial agents in the ceramic field, analyze the advantages and disadvantages of current products, and identify problems such as low self-cleaning efficiency and poor antibacterial durability to provide direction for innovation.

[0085] 2. Innovative concept: It is envisaged to combine new photocatalytic materials with high-efficiency antibacterial agents, explore new addition methods and formula combinations, so as to break through the existing technical bottlenecks and achieve a synergistic improvement in self-cleaning and antibacterial properties.

[0086] Step 2: Determine the core raw materials and formula 1. Glaze basic formula: Main components: Quartz (SiO2) provides hardness and chemical stability, accounting for 30-40wt%; feldspar (such as potassium feldspar KAlSi3O8) acts as a flux, accounting for 25-35wt%; kaolin gives the glaze plasticity and suspension properties, accounting for 15-25wt%.

[0087] Additives: Add 2-5wt% of boric acid (H3BO3) to improve fluidity and glossiness, and 1-3wt% of zinc oxide (ZnO) to enhance hardness and chemical stability.

[0088] 2. Selection and ratio of self-cleaning antibacterial agents: Photocatalytic material: Nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) is selected because of its high photocatalytic activity and stable chemical properties. Through a series of experiments, the addition amount range of 3-7wt% is determined to achieve the best photocatalytic self-cleaning effect.

[0089] Antibacterial agent: Silver-based antibacterial agents, such as nano-silver powder or silver ion exchange zeolite, are introduced. After antibacterial experiments, the addition ratio of 2-6wt% is determined to ensure significant antibacterial effects on common pathogens.

[0090] Step 3: Raw material pretreatment 1. Glaze raw materials: Crushing: crush quartz, feldspar, kaolin and other raw materials with a ball mill, control the particle size to above 200 mesh, and ensure mixing uniformity.

[0091] Purification: Use magnetic separation, flotation and other methods to remove impurities such as iron in the raw materials to prevent them from affecting the color and performance of the glaze.

[0092] 2. Self-cleaning antibacterial agent: Nano-TiO2 dispersion treatment: Add nano-TiO2 powder to an appropriate amount of dispersant (such as sodium polyacrylate) and solvent (deionized water), and disperse it through ultrasonication for 30 to 60 minutes to form a uniform dispersion to improve its dispersibility and stability in the glaze.

[0093] Activation of silver-based antibacterial agents: Surface activation treatment of silver-based antibacterial agents is performed, such as soaking in a dilute acid solution, followed by water washing and drying, to enhance their antibacterial activity and compatibility in the glaze.

[0094] Step 4: Glaze preparation process 1. Mixing and stirring: Add the pretreated glaze raw materials and self-cleaning antibacterial agent into the mixing tank according to the formula, stir at low speed for 30 minutes, then stir at high speed for 60 minutes to ensure that the ingredients are evenly mixed.

[0095] 2. Ball milling: Transfer the stirred mixture to a ball mill and mill it for 8-10 hours at a ratio of material: ball: water = 1:2:0.8. The speed is controlled at 200-250r / min to make the glaze particle size reach 2-5μm to ensure the fineness and performance of the glaze surface.

[0096] 3. Iron removal and homogenization: The glaze slurry after ball milling is further iron-removed by magnetic separation equipment, and then ultrasonically homogenized for 30 minutes to further ensure the uniformity and stability of the glaze quality.

[0097] Step 5: Preparation of daily-use ceramic bodies 1. Green body formula: Based on clay (40-50wt%), quartz (20-30wt%), and feldspar (15-25wt%), 3-8wt% of alumina (Al2O3) powder is added to improve the green body strength and high temperature resistance.

[0098] 2. Green body preparation process: Raw material mixing: Accurately weigh the raw materials for the green body according to the formula and mix them in a high-speed blender for more than 30 minutes to ensure uniform composition.

[0099] Aging treatment: The mixed clay is aged for 3-5 days at a temperature of 20-25°C and a humidity of 80% to 90% to improve the plasticity and molding properties of the clay.

[0100] Molding: Select molding methods such as grouting and pressing according to the product shape. Grouting molding is used for complex shapes, and the slurry concentration and grouting time are controlled; pressing molding is used for simple regular shapes, and the molding pressure and time are controlled to ensure the size accuracy and uniformity of the green body.

[0101] Drying: The formed body is first dried naturally at room temperature for 12-24 hours, and then placed in a drying oven at 40-60℃ to dry until the moisture content is less than 3%.

[0102] Step 6: Glazing and firing process 1. Glazing: Method selection: According to product requirements, use dipping, spraying or pouring glaze methods. The dipping time is controlled within 3 to 5 seconds to ensure a uniform glaze layer. The spraying pressure is set to 0.2-0.3 MPa to ensure atomization effect. The pouring flow rate is controlled at 50-80 mL / min to ensure the thickness of the glaze layer.

[0103] Thickness control: Precisely control the thickness of the glaze layer at 0.6-0.8mm to ensure self-cleaning and antibacterial properties and glaze quality.

[0104] 2. Firing: Heating stage: In an oxidizing atmosphere, the green body is first heated to 600°C at a rate of 5-8°C / min and kept at this temperature for 30 minutes to remove moisture and organic matter.

[0105] High temperature sintering: Continue to raise the temperature to 1250-1320℃ at a rate of 10-12℃ / min and keep it warm for 60-90 minutes to fully melt and vitrify the glaze.

[0106] Cooling stage: The product is cooled to below 100℃ and then taken out of the furnace to prevent defects such as cracks and deformation on the glaze surface.

[0107] Step 7: Performance testing and optimization 1. Performance testing: Self-cleaning performance: Simulate daily stains (such as oil stains, tea stains) to contaminate the ceramic surface. After irradiating it with ultraviolet light for a certain period of time, the self-cleaning effect is evaluated by measuring the amount of stain residue or the change in contact angle.

[0108] Antibacterial performance: The plate count method or inhibition zone method is used to test the antibacterial rate of ceramics against common pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and the antibacterial rate is required to reach more than 95%.

[0109] Conventional performance: Test the hardness, strength, glossiness, water absorption and other indicators of ceramics to ensure that they meet the relevant standards for daily-use ceramics.

[0110] 2. Optimization and improvement: Based on the test results, make targeted adjustments to the formula and process parameters. For example, if the self-cleaning performance is insufficient, adjust the amount of photocatalytic material added or improve the dispersion method. If the antibacterial performance is poor, optimize the type of antibacterial agent or the addition method until the ideal performance is achieved.

[0111] The specific steps are as follows: the staff first conducts in-depth research on existing self-cleaning antibacterial ceramics and glaze technologies, understands the application of photocatalysis, antibacterial agents, etc. in the ceramic field, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of current products, and identifies problems such as low self-cleaning efficiency and poor antibacterial durability to provide direction for innovation. It is envisaged that new photocatalytic materials will be combined with high-efficiency antibacterial agents to explore new addition methods and formula combinations to break through the existing technical bottlenecks and achieve a synergistic improvement in self-cleaning and antibacterial performance. Secondly, the staff determines the core raw materials and formula: Quartz SiO2 provides hardness and chemical stability, accounting for 3 0-40wt%; feldspar such as potassium feldspar KAlSi3O8 is used as a flux, accounting for 25-35wt%; kaolin gives the glaze plasticity and suspension, accounting for 15-25wt%, adding 2-5wt% of boric acid H3BO3 to improve fluidity and glossiness, 1-3wt% of zinc oxide ZnO to enhance hardness and chemical stability, self-cleaning antibacterial agent selection and ratio: Nano titanium dioxide TiO2 is selected because of its high photocatalytic activity and stable chemical properties. Through a series of experiments, the addition range of 3-7wt% is determined to achieve In order to achieve the best photocatalytic self-cleaning effect, silver-based antibacterial agents such as nano-silver powder or silver ion exchange zeolite are introduced. After antibacterial experiments, the addition ratio of 2-6wt% is determined to ensure significant antibacterial effect on common pathogens. At this time, the staff will crush the raw materials such as quartz, feldspar, and kaolin with a ball mill to control the particle size to more than 200 meshes to ensure mixing uniformity. Magnetic separation, flotation and other methods are used to remove impurities such as iron in the raw materials to prevent affecting the color and performance of the glaze. Nano-TiO2 dispersion treatment: Add an appropriate amount of dispersant such as sodium polyacrylate and In deionized water, the solvent is ultrasonically dispersed for 30 to 60 minutes to form a uniform dispersion, improving its dispersibility and stability in the glaze. The silver-based antimicrobial agent is surface activated, such as soaking in a dilute acid solution, then washed and dried, to enhance its antimicrobial activity and compatibility in the glaze. At this point, the staff adds the pretreated glaze raw materials and self-cleaning antimicrobial agent to the mixing tank according to the formula. The mixture is stirred at low speed for 30 minutes, then at high speed for 60 minutes to ensure uniform mixing of the ingredients. The stirred mixture is then transferred to a ball mill with a material: ball: water ratio of 1:2:0.8 ratio, ball milling for 8-10 hours, speed controlled at 200-250r / min, so that the glaze particle size reaches 2-5μm, ensuring the fineness and performance of the glaze surface. The glaze slurry after ball milling is deironed again by magnetic separation equipment, and then ultrasonic homogenized for 30 minutes to further ensure the uniformity and stability of the glaze quality. At this time, the staff adds 3-8wt% of alumina Al2O3 powder based on 40-50wt% of clay, 20-30wt% of quartz, and 15-25wt% of feldspar to improve the strength and high temperature resistance of the green body. The green body raw materials are accurately weighed according to the formula and mixed in a high-speed mixer for more than 30 minutes to ensure uniform composition. The clay material is aged for 3-5 days at a temperature of 20-25℃ and a humidity of 80% to 90% to improve the plasticity and molding performance of the clay material. The molding methods such as grouting and pressing are selected according to the shape of the product. Grouting molding is used for complex shapes, and the mud concentration and grouting time are controlled; pressing molding is used for simple regular shapes, and the molding pressure and time are controlled to ensure the size accuracy and uniform density of the green body. The molded green body is first dried naturally at room temperature for 12-24 hours, and then placed in a drying oven at 40-60℃ to dry until the moisture content is less than 3%. After that, the staff uses dipping glaze, spraying glaze or pouring glaze according to the product requirements. The dipping time is controlled at 3 to 5 seconds to ensure a uniform glaze layer; spraying glaze and pressing are used for the molding of complex shapes. The pressure is set to 0.2-0.3MPa to ensure the atomization effect; the glaze flow rate is controlled at 50-80mL / min to ensure the thickness of the glaze layer, and the thickness of the glaze layer is accurately controlled at 0.6-0.8mm to ensure the self-cleaning and antibacterial properties and glaze quality. In an oxidizing atmosphere, the body is first heated to 600℃ at a rate of 5-8℃ / min, kept warm for 30 minutes to remove moisture and organic matter, and then continued to heat to 1250-1320℃ at a rate of 10-12℃ / min, kept warm for 60-90 minutes to fully melt and vitrify the glaze, and then cooled to below 100℃ with the furnace to prevent cracks, deformation and other defects on the glaze surface. Finally, the staff simulated the sun Ceramic surfaces contaminated with common stains, such as oil and tea, are exposed to UV light for a certain period of time. The self-cleaning effect is evaluated by measuring the amount of stain remaining or the change in contact angle. The plate count method or inhibition zone method is used to test the antibacterial rate of the ceramic against common pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with an antibacterial rate of at least 95%. The ceramic's hardness, strength, glossiness, water absorption, and other indicators are tested to ensure compliance with relevant standards for daily-use ceramics. Based on the test results, targeted adjustments are made to the formulation and process parameters. For example, if the self-cleaning performance is insufficient, the amount of photocatalytic material added or the dispersion method is adjusted. If the antibacterial performance is poor, the type of antimicrobial agent or the method of addition is optimized until the ideal performance is achieved.

[0112] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention shown in the above description are only examples and do not limit the present invention. The purpose of the present invention has been fully and effectively achieved. The functions and structural principles of the present invention have been demonstrated and explained in the embodiments. Without departing from the principles, the embodiments of the present invention may be subject to any deformation or modification. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present application and is not a limitation of the present application. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to the present embodiment as needed without creative contribution, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present application, they are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramic and glaze and a preparation process thereof, characterized by: The following steps are involved: Step 1. Preliminary Research and Innovative Conception: Conduct in-depth research on existing self-cleaning antibacterial ceramics and glaze technologies, understand the application of photocatalysis and antibacterial agents in the ceramic field, analyze the advantages and disadvantages of current products, and identify problems such as low self-cleaning efficiency and poor antibacterial durability. This will provide direction for innovation. It is envisioned that new photocatalytic materials can be combined with high-efficiency antibacterial agents, and new addition methods and formula combinations can be explored to break through existing technical bottlenecks and achieve a synergistic improvement in self-cleaning and antibacterial performance. Step 2: Determine the core raw materials and formula: quartz SiO2 provides hardness and chemical stability, accounting for 30-40wt%; feldspar such as potassium feldspar KAlSi3O8 serves as a flux, accounting for 25-35wt%; kaolin gives the glaze plasticity and suspension, accounting for 15-25wt%, adding 2-5wt% of boric acid H3BO3 to improve fluidity and glossiness, and 1-3wt% of zinc oxide ZnO to enhance hardness and chemical stability. Selection and proportion of self-cleaning antibacterial agent: Nano-titanium dioxide TiO2 is selected for its high photocatalytic activity and stable chemical properties. Through a series of experiments, the addition range of 3-7wt% is determined to achieve the best photocatalytic self-cleaning effect. Silver-based antibacterial agents, such as nano-silver powder or silver ion exchange zeolite, are introduced. After antibacterial experiments, the addition ratio of 2-6wt% is determined to ensure significant antibacterial effect against common pathogens. Step 3, raw material pretreatment: quartz, feldspar, kaolin and other raw materials are crushed with a ball mill to control the particle size to more than 200 mesh to ensure mixing uniformity, and impurities such as iron in the raw materials are removed by magnetic separation, flotation and other methods to prevent affecting the color and performance of the glaze. Nano-TiO2 dispersion treatment: Nano-TiO2 powder is added to an appropriate amount of dispersant such as sodium polyacrylate and solvent deionized water, and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 to 60 minutes to form a uniform dispersion liquid to improve its dispersibility and stability in the glaze. The silver-based antibacterial agent is surface activated, such as soaking in a dilute acid solution, washing with water, and drying to enhance its antibacterial activity and compatibility in the glaze; Step 4, glaze preparation process: according to the formula, the pretreated glaze raw materials and self-cleaning antibacterial agent are added to the mixing tank, stirred at low speed for 30 minutes, and then stirred at high speed for 60 minutes to ensure that the ingredients are evenly mixed, and the stirred mixture is transferred to a ball mill, and ball milled for 8-10 hours according to the material: ball: water = 1:2:0.8 ratio, and the speed is controlled at 200-250r / min to make the glaze particle size reach 2-5μm to ensure the fineness and performance of the glaze surface. The glaze slurry after ball milling is further deironed by magnetic separation equipment, and then ultrasonically homogenized for 30 minutes to further ensure the uniformity and stability of the glaze quality; Step 5, preparation of daily-use ceramic green body: based on 40-50wt% of clay, 20-30wt% of quartz, and 15-25wt% of feldspar, 3-8wt% of alumina Al2O3 powder is added to improve the green body strength and high temperature resistance. The green body raw materials are accurately weighed according to the formula and mixed in a high-speed mixer for more than 30 minutes to ensure uniform composition. The mixed mud is aged for 3-5 days at a temperature of 20-25°C and a humidity of 80% to 90% to improve the mud plasticity and forming performance. The forming method such as grouting and pressing is selected according to the product shape. Slurry casting is used for complex shapes, and the mud concentration and grouting time are controlled; pressing is used for simple regular shapes, and the forming pressure and time are controlled to ensure the green body size accuracy and uniform density. The formed green body is first naturally dried at room temperature for 12-24 hours, and then placed in a drying oven at 40-60°C to dry until the moisture content is less than 3%; Step 6, glazing and firing process: according to product requirements, adopt dipping glaze, spraying glaze or pouring glaze method, the dipping time is controlled at 3-5 seconds to ensure uniform glaze layer; the spraying pressure is set to 0.2-0.3MPa to ensure atomization effect; the pouring glaze flow rate is controlled at 50-80mL / min to ensure the thickness of the glaze layer, and the thickness of the glaze layer is accurately controlled at 0.6-0.8mm to ensure self-cleaning and antibacterial properties and glaze surface quality. In an oxidizing atmosphere, the body is first heated to 600℃ at a rate of 5-8℃ / min, kept warm for 30 minutes to remove moisture and organic matter, and then continued to heat to 1250-1320℃ at a rate of 10-12℃ / min, kept warm for 60-90 minutes to fully melt and vitrify the glaze, and then cooled to below 100℃ before being taken out of the furnace to prevent defects such as cracks and deformation on the glaze surface; Step 7, performance testing and optimization: Simulate daily stains such as oil and tea stains on the ceramic surface. After irradiating with ultraviolet light for a certain period of time, evaluate the self-cleaning effect by measuring the amount of stain residue or the change in contact angle. Use the plate count method or the inhibition zone method to detect the antibacterial rate of the ceramic against common pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, requiring the antibacterial rate to reach more than 95%. Test the hardness, strength, glossiness, water absorption rate and other indicators of the ceramic to ensure that it meets the relevant standards for daily-use ceramics. Based on the test results, adjust the formula and process parameters in a targeted manner. If the self-cleaning performance is insufficient, adjust the amount of photocatalytic material added or improve the dispersion method. The antibacterial performance is poor. Optimize the type of antibacterial agent or the method of addition until the ideal performance is achieved.

2. The self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramic and glaze and preparation process thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The glaze comprises the following components in parts by weight: Silicon dioxide (SiO2): 40-60 parts; Alumina (Al2O3): 10-20 parts; Calcium oxide (CaO): 5-15 parts; Magnesium oxide (MgO): 3-8 parts; Zinc oxide (ZnO): 5-10 parts; Titanium oxide (TiO2): 8-15 parts; Silver antibacterial agent: 0.5-2 parts; Rare earth additives: 0.5-2 parts; Flux: 3-8 parts.

3. The self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramic and glaze and the preparation process thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The silver-based antibacterial agent is one or more combinations of nano silver powder, silver nitrate, and zirconium phosphate-supported silver, and the rare earth additive is one of cerium oxide (CeO2) and lanthanum oxide (La2O3) or a mixture of the two in any proportion.

4. The self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramic and glaze and the preparation process thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flux is one or more combinations of borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). The ceramic body raw materials, calculated by weight, include 30-50 parts of kaolin, 15-30 parts of quartz, 10-20 parts of feldspar, and 5-15 parts of clay.

5. The self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramics and glaze and their preparation process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The green body is prepared using a traditional ceramic green body formula, wherein clay, feldspar, and quartz are mixed in a mass ratio of 4:3:3, ball-milled, sieved, and iron-removed to form a green mud with a moisture content of 18% to 22%. The green body is then formed into a ceramic green body of a desired shape through a slip injection molding or plastic compression molding process. After the green body is formed, it is dried at room temperature to a moisture content of 8% to 12%.

6. The self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramics and glaze and their preparation process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The glaze is applied to the surface of the dried ceramic body by dipping or spraying, and the thickness of the glaze layer is controlled to be 0.3-0.5 mm. In the glazing step, when glazing by dipping, the glaze temperature is controlled to be 30-35° C., and the dipping time is 1-2 minutes; when glazing by spraying, the spray gun pressure is controlled to be 0.2-0.3 MPa, and the spraying distance is 15-20 cm; when glazing by pouring, the glaze flow rate is 50-80 mL / min, and the pouring time is 3-5 minutes.

7. The self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramic and glaze and the preparation process thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antibacterial agent is silver-loaded zirconium phosphate, the dispersant is a polycarboxylate dispersant, the suspending agent is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and the antibacterial agent is a zinc-loaded antibacterial agent.

8. The self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramics and glaze and their preparation process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flux is a mixture of borax and potassium carbonate in a mass ratio of 2:1; the purity of each raw material is ensured to be above 98%, and the particle size passes through a 200-mesh sieve. The concentration of the nanosilver ion solution is 0.1 mol / L, and ultrasonic dispersion treatment is performed for 30 minutes to ensure that the nanosilver ions are evenly dispersed in the glaze slurry.

9. A self-cleaning and antibacterial daily-use ceramic and glaze and a preparation process thereof according to claims 1-8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Preparation of glaze: Add the components of the glaze according to claim 1 into a ball mill, add appropriate amount of deionized water, and ball mill for 2-4 hours to obtain a 200-300 mesh glaze slurry; Preparation of green body: Mix and stir the green body components of claim 1 evenly, add water to make mud, and let it age for 24-48 hours before forming the green body; Glazing and firing: Apply the glaze slurry to the surface of the body by dipping method. The thickness of the glaze layer is 0.5-1mm. Preheat at 400-600℃ for 1-2 hours, then heat to 1200-1300℃ and fire for 2-3 hours. Cool to room temperature with the furnace.