Breeding method of high-quality meat rabbit

Abstract

The application provides a breeding method of high-quality meat rabbits, and belongs to the technical field of meat rabbit breeding.The breeding method of the application has the following steps: (1) crossbreeding is carried out by taking Fujian yellow rabbits as male parents and Minxi southwest black rabbits as female parents to obtain an HM crossbreeding population; (2) crossbreeding is carried out by taking Sichuan white rabbits as male parents and Fujian yellow rabbits as female parents to obtain a BH crossbreeding population; (3) crossbreeding is carried out by taking male individuals in the BH crossbreeding population as male parents and female individuals in the HM crossbreeding population as female parents to obtain a BHM population; (4) the BHM population is horizontally crossed and fixed to obtain a new strain base population, and the base population is closed and subcultured for four generations, so that a new strain of high-quality meat rabbits is obtained.The high-quality meat rabbits bred by the breeding method of the application have similar size and hair color appearance to wild rabbits, have the characteristics of high meat quality and strong stress resistance, can meet the needs of people for wild rabbit breeding and consumption, and have wide application prospects.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the breeding technology field of meat rabbits, in particular to a breeding method of high-quality meat rabbits. BACKGROUND

[0002] Meat rabbits are herbivorous small livestock, with the characteristics of short breeding cycle, grain-saving and high efficiency. Rabbit meat has the characteristics of high protein, high lysine, high phospholipid, high digestibility, low fat, low cholesterol and low heat, which meets the needs of modern meat food consumption.

[0003] At present, people's consumption concept prefers wild rabbits more. Because wild rabbit meat is tender, low in fat and cholesterol content, only 0.4%, and high in protein content, up to 70%, it is an ideal protein source for cardiovascular disease patients and obese people. Belgian rabbits, also known as hare rabbits, are animals of the genus Lepus in the family Leporidae, which are improved from wild hole rabbits in Beveiren, Belgium, so they are also called Belgian wild rabbits. They are large breeds, and the weight of adult rabbits is generally more than 5 kg. Belgian rabbits are favored by the domestic market because of their natural luster, large skin, good flexibility and elasticity of the skin board, and similar appearance to wild rabbits. However, their muscle fibers are relatively thick, and the meat quality is poor, which is far from the expectations of consumers for "wild rabbits". Therefore, breeding a new breed of meat rabbits with an adult weight of about 3 kg, similar in size and appearance to wild rabbits, and with the characteristics of good meat quality and strong resistance of local breeds, can effectively meet the needs of people for "wild rabbit" breeding and consumption, and has broad application prospects. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the present application provides a breeding method of high-quality meat rabbits, which can breed high-quality meat rabbits with similar size and appearance to wild rabbits, and with good meat quality and strong resistance of local breeds.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned application purposes, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present application provides a breeding method of high-quality meat rabbits, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Obtaining of HM hybrid population: selecting Fujian yellow rabbits as male parents and Minxi southwest black rabbits as female parents for crossbreeding to obtain an HM hybrid population;

[0008] (2) Obtaining of BH hybrid population: selecting Sichuan white rabbits as male parents and Fujian yellow rabbits as female parents for crossbreeding to obtain a BH hybrid population;

[0009] (3) Obtaining of 0th generation population: selecting male individuals from the BH hybrid population as male parents and female individuals from the HM hybrid population as female parents for crossbreeding to obtain a BHM population;

[0010] (4) from the BHM population obtained in step (3) select brown hair color, good growth and development of individuals for cross fixation, get new strain foundation group, the foundation group is closed to the next generation of breeding 4 generations, select the appearance, growth rate, reproductive performance of the offspring, that is, the high-quality meat rabbit new strain can be obtained.

[0011] Preferably, in step (1), select 10-month-old male rabbits weighing 2.8-3.4 kg of Fujian yellow rabbits as the father, and 10-month-old female rabbits weighing 2.4-2.8 kg of Minxinan black rabbits as the mother.

[0012] Preferably, in step (2), select 10-month-old male rabbits weighing 2.5-2.9 kg of Sichuan white rabbits as the father, and select 10-month-old female rabbits weighing 2.9-3.3 kg of Fujian yellow rabbits as the mother.

[0013] Preferably, in steps (1)-(4), select individuals with fast growth rate, high feed conversion rate and strong disease resistance as the father, and select individuals with strong reproductive ability as the mother.

[0014] Preferably, in step (1), select 9-10-month-old male rabbits weighing 2.8-3.4 kg of Fujian yellow rabbits as the father, and 9-10-month-old female rabbits weighing 2.4-2.8 kg of Minxinan black rabbits as the mother.

[0015] Preferably, in step (2), select 9-10-month-old male rabbits weighing 2.5-2.9 kg of Sichuan white rabbits as the father, and select 9-10-month-old female rabbits weighing 2.9-3.3 kg of Fujian yellow rabbits as the mother.

[0016] Preferably, the offspring with qualified body appearance, growth rate and reproductive performance have brown hair color ≥67%, and adult body weight of 2.9-3.2 kg; the qualified standard of growth rate is: feed weight ratio ≤3.6; the qualified standard of reproductive performance is: average number of live offspring per litter ≥6.8.

[0017] By using the above technical scheme, the application has the following beneficial effects: the high-quality meat rabbits bred by the breeding method of the application have similar size and appearance to wild rabbits, have the characteristics of good meat quality and strong stress resistance, can meet the needs of people for breeding and consuming "wild rabbits", and have wide application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 The figure is a breeding process diagram of the high-quality meat rabbit new strain of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solutions provided by the application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the application.

[0020] Example 1

[0021] The complete diallel cross was carried out by using Sichuan white rabbits, Fujian yellow rabbits and Minxi southwest black rabbits. The self-propagation of Sichuan white rabbits, Fujian yellow rabbits and Minxi southwest black rabbits were used as the control group. The test groups were Fujian yellow rabbit♂×Sichuan white rabbit♀(H×B), Minxi southwest black rabbit♂×Sichuan white rabbit♀(M×B), Sichuan white rabbit♂×Fujian yellow rabbit♀(B×H), Minxi southwest black rabbit♂×Fujian yellow rabbit♀(M×H), Sichuan white rabbit♂×Minxi southwest black rabbit♀(B×M) and Fujian yellow rabbit♂×Minxi southwest black rabbit♀(H×M). The reproductive performance, coat color, meat production performance and meat quality performance indexes of each cross combination were determined, and the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0022] Table 1 Comparison of reproductive performance of different cross combinations

[0023]

[0024] Table 2 Comparison of coat color of different cross combinations

[0025]

[0026] Table 3 Comparison of meat production performance of different cross combinations

[0027]

[0028] Table 4 Comparison of meat quality performance of different cross combinations

[0029]

[0030] From Tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that the Fujian yellow rabbit♂×Minxi southwest black rabbit♀(H×M) and Sichuan white rabbit♂×Fujian yellow rabbit♀(B×H) groups have higher fertility rate, litter weight at birth and survival rate at weaning compared with other cross combinations. In addition, 78.7% and 64.0% of the coat colors are brown and mottled, respectively. From Tables 3 and 4, it can be seen that the Fujian yellow rabbit♂×Minxi southwest black rabbit♀(H×M) and Sichuan white rabbit♂×Fujian yellow rabbit♀(B×H) groups have better meat production performance and meat quality performance indexes compared with other cross combinations. Therefore, the offspring of Fujian yellow rabbit♂×Minxi southwest black rabbit♀(H×M) and the cross offspring of Sichuan white rabbit♂×Fujian yellow rabbit♀(B×H) are selected for hybrid breeding in the follow-up.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] On the basis of the two breeding materials of Fujian yellow rabbit♂×Minxi southwest black rabbit♀(HM population) and Sichuan white rabbit♂×Fujian yellow rabbit♀(BH population) screened out in Example 1, cross and further cross were carried out.

[0033] In the cross or cross process, the individual with fast growth rate, high feed conversion rate and strong disease resistance is selected as the father, and the individual with strong reproductive ability is selected as the mother. In the breeding process, full pellet feed is fed, and the feed is mainly composed of grass powder, corn, soybean meal, bran, unified bran, premix and the like. The nutrient level of the breeding rabbit feed is 10.50 MJ / kg of digestible energy, 16.2% of crude protein, 15.3% of crude fiber, 2.8% of crude fat, 1.02% of calcium and 0.62% of phosphorus. The nutrient level of the commercial rabbit feed is 15.0% of crude protein, 16% of crude fiber, 2.0% of crude fat and 0.75% of lysine. The reproductive performance is measured, and the rabbit group with target appearance characteristics (similar to wild rabbits, brown and rough hair color, black eyes) is selected for fattening. At 84 days of age, 30 rabbits (half male and half female) are selected for slaughter, and the back long muscle of 8 rabbits is randomly taken for histological characteristics of muscle fibers. The results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.

[0034] Table 5 Cross and hybrid breeding performance and appearance measurement results of the group

[0035]

[0036] Table 6 Cross and hybrid meat performance and muscle fiber characteristics measurement results of the group

[0037]

[0038] Table 7 Cross and hybrid hair color comparison

[0039]

[0040] From the above research results, the performance results of BH (♂) x HM (♀) are closer to the target of new strain breeding (consistent appearance, maintain excellent meat quality and stress resistance of local breeds, and improve growth rate and single litter reproductive performance), the group has large coefficient of variation, and has large breeding space.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] On the basis of Example 2, the reproductive performance within the combination is determined, and the combination of BH x HM (abbreviated as BHM) is finally determined as the new strain according to the proportion of target appearance. The new strain breeding base group is selected from the cross offspring of the combination, and the selection is carried out in stages. The 35-day weaning weight of 1051 target appearance kits and the 84-day weight of 780 young rabbits are measured, and part of the group is selected to carry out meat performance and muscle fiber characteristics measurement. The measurement results are shown in Tables 8 and 9.

[0043] Table 8 Reproductive performance measurement results within the combination

[0044]

[0045] Table 9: Results of meat performance and muscle fiber characteristics of new strain base group

[0046]

[0047] From the above determination results, the new strain base group rabbit is slightly increased in 35-day-old weight, 84-day-old weight and daily weight gain compared with the BHM combination, and the whole carcass rate and half carcass rate are increased, and the muscle fiber diameter is more fine.

[0048] From the above examples, the breeding method of high-quality meat rabbit is provided, the high-quality meat rabbit cultivated by the breeding method has the characteristics of similar size and hair color appearance to wild rabbits, high meat quality, strong stress resistance and high weaning survival rate.

[0049] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be pointed out that for ordinary skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, a number of improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A breeding method of high quality meat rabbit, characterized in that, Comprise the following steps: (1) HM hybrid population is obtained: select Fujian yellow rabbit as the father, the mother selects the southwest of Fujian black rabbit to crossbreed, obtains HM hybrid population; (2) BH hybrid population is obtained: select Sichuan white rabbit as the father, the mother selects Fujian yellow rabbit to crossbreed, obtains BH hybrid population; (3) 0 generation population is obtained: select male individuals as the father from BH hybrid population, select female individuals as the mother from HM hybrid population to crossbreed, obtain BHM population; (4) select brown and wool color, growth and development well from the BHM population obtained in step (3) Cross fixed, get new line foundation group, the foundation group is closed to the next generation selection breeding 4 generations, select the appearance, growth rate, reproductive performance qualified offspring, can get high quality meat rabbit new line.

2. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized by, In each step, select the individual with fast growth rate, high feed conversion rate and strong disease resistance as the father, and select the individual with strong reproductive ability as the mother.

3. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized by, In step (1), select Fujian yellow rabbit with 9-10 months old and 2.8-3.4 kg weight as the father, and select the southwest of Fujian black rabbit with 9-10 months old and 2.4-2.8 kg weight as the mother.

4. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized by, In step (2), select Sichuan white rabbit with 9-10 months old and 2.5-2.9 kg weight as the father, and select Fujian yellow rabbit with 9-10 months old and 2.9-3.3 kg weight as the mother.

5. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The offspring with qualified appearance, growth rate and reproductive performance is brown and wool color, with 2.9-3.2 kg adult weight; the qualified standard of growth rate is: feed weight ratio ≤3.6; the qualified standard of reproductive performance is: average litter size ≥6.8.

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