Pesticide composition containing pydiflumetofen and metalaxyl-M and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of pesticide disinfestation and sterilization, and discloses a pesticide composition containing pydiflumetofen and metalaxyl-M and application thereof.The pesticide composition comprises an active ingredient A, an active ingredient B and an active ingredient C. The active ingredient A is pydiflumetofen, the active ingredient B is metalaxyl-M, and the active ingredient C is a mixture of pydiflumetofen and metalaxyl-M. The active ingredient A is an active ingredient B, the active ingredient C is a neonicotinoid insecticide, the neonicotinoid insecticide is any one of clothianidin, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, dinotefuran and thiacloprid, and the mass ratio of the active ingredient A to the active ingredient B to the active ingredient C is (0.05-1): (0.05-1): (1-15). The pesticide composition disclosed by the invention effectively prevents and controls soil insects such as grubs while effectively preventing and controlling seed-borne and soil-borne diseases, realizes multi-prevention by one pesticide, reduces the pesticide application frequency, and reduces the agricultural production cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of pesticide insecticide and fungicide technology, and discloses a pesticide composition containing fluopyram and metalaxyl and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Fluopyram is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor. It works by acting on succinate dehydrogenase, one of the key links between oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport in bacteria, causing tricarboxylic acid cycle disorders, hindering energy metabolism, and thus inhibiting the growth of pathogens, leading to their death, thereby achieving the purpose of disease prevention and control.

[0003] Metalaxyl-M is the R isomer of common metalaxyl and is a highly effective systemic fungicide. Metalaxyl-M exhibits good control effects against diseases of vegetables, fruit trees, tobacco, oil crops, cotton, and grains caused by downy mildew, Phytophthora, and Pythium. It is characterized by high efficacy, low residue, and good environmental compatibility, possessing significant development value and promising prospects for widespread application.

[0004] Neonicotinic acid insecticides are a class of nitroguanidine systemic insecticides used globally. They protect seedlings from leaf-eating pests and are also effective against various piercing-sucking pests and some lepidopteran and coleopteran pests on field crops, vegetables, and fruit trees. Neonicotinic acid insecticides mainly include imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, and dinotefuran. Due to their novel mode of action, selective toxicity, high efficiency, broad spectrum, and good environmental compatibility, they greatly enhance the resistance of crops to pests and diseases, driving the rapid development of neonicotinic acid insecticides and making them the most commonly used insecticides by farmers.

[0005] Seed treatment is one of the main measures for controlling crop diseases and pests, and it has a significant effect on controlling diseases and pests in the early and even mid-stages of crop growth. Currently, treating crop seeds with seed treatment agents can prevent soil-borne and seed-borne diseases, underground pests, and some above-ground pests, promoting uniform, strong, and healthy seedlings and enhancing crop resistance. Therefore, it has become an important measure for disease and pest control. However, the available seed treatment agents have relatively limited components and combinations. Therefore, it is important to combine research on technologies such as substitution of highly toxic pesticides and pesticide reduction for pest control, and to screen and optimize new agents and combinations. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a pesticide composition containing fluopyram and metalaxyl, wherein the pesticide composition comprises active ingredient A, active ingredient B and active ingredient C, wherein active ingredient A is fluopyram, active ingredient B is metalaxyl, and active ingredient C is a neonicotinoid insecticide, wherein the neonicotinoid insecticide is any one of thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, and thiamethoxam, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.05-1):(0.05-1):(1-15).

[0007] Furthermore, the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.1-1):(0.1-1):(3-15);

[0008] Further, the active ingredient C is thiamethoxam, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-1):(0.5-1):(3-15); the active ingredient C is thiamethoxam, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-1):(0.5-1):(3-12); the active ingredient C is imidacloprid, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-1):(0.5-1):(3-12); the active ingredient C is fipronil, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-1):(0.5-1):(6-12); the active ingredient C is thiamethoxam, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-1):(0.5-1):(6-12).

[0009] Furthermore, the active ingredient C is thiamethoxam, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-0.9):(0.6-1):(3-15);

[0010] The active ingredient C is thiamethoxam, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-0.9):(0.6-1):(3-12); the active ingredient C is imidacloprid, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-0.9):(0.6-1):(3-12); the active ingredient C is fipronil, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-0.9):(0.6-1):(6-12); the active ingredient C is thiamethoxam, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-0.7):(0.8-1):(6-12).

[0011] Further, the active ingredient C is thiamethoxam, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-0.9):(0.6-1):(3-12); the active ingredient C is thiamethoxam, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-0.9):(0.6-1):(6-12); the active ingredient C is imidacloprid, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-0.9):(0.6-1):(6-12); the active ingredient C is fipronil, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-0.9):(0.6-1):(9-12); the active ingredient C is thiamethoxam, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-0.7):(0.8-1):(9-12).

[0012] Further, the active ingredient C is thiamethoxam, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.7:0.8):(3-15), (0.9:0.6):(6-15), (0.6:0.9):(6-12), (0.5:1):(3-15); the active ingredient C is thiamethoxam, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is ((0.7:0.8):(3-12), (0.6:0.9):(6-12), (0.9:0.6):(9-12), (0.5:1):(9-15); the active ingredient C is imidacloprid, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is ((0.7:0.8):(3-12), (0.6:0.9):(6-12), (0.9:0.6):(9-12), (0.5:1):(9-15); the active ingredient C is imidacloprid, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is ((0.7:0.8):(3-12), (0.6:0.9):(6-12), (0.9:0.6):(9-12), (0.5:1):(9-15). The active ingredient C is fipronil, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.7:0.8):(6-15), (0.9:0.6):(6-9), (0.6:0.9):(6-12), (0.5:1):(3-9); the active ingredient C is thiamethoxam, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.7:0.8):(6-15), (0.9:0.6):(6-9), (0.6:0.9):(6-12), (0.5:1):(6-12); the active ingredient C is thiamethoxam, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.7:0.8):(6-12), (0.6:0.9):9, (0.5:1):(9-12).

[0013] Furthermore, the pesticide composition further includes an adjuvant selected from one or more of the following: wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, thickeners, disintegrants, antifreeze agents, defoamers, solvents, preservatives, stabilizers, warning colors, film-forming agents, synergists, and carriers.

[0014] Furthermore, the pesticide composition is in the form of a seed treatment suspension, a microcapsule suspension, or a dry seed dressing agent.

[0015] Furthermore, the pesticide composition is in the form of a seed treatment suspension.

[0016] The present invention also discloses the application of the pesticide composition described above in the prevention and control of plant diseases and / or pests, characterized in that the plants include corn, potato, soybean, rice, wheat or peanut.

[0017] Furthermore, the plant diseases mentioned are corn stem base rot, corn silk smut, soybean root rot, peanut root rot, rice seedling rot, rice damping-off, peanut white mold, rice bakanae disease, and wheat loose smut; the insect pests mentioned are aphids, grubs, thrips, wireworms, and cutworms.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0019] The ternary seed dressing agent of this invention can broadly control pests and diseases, achieving "one drug, multiple effects". It can reduce the risk of pathogens and pests developing resistance to a single agent. The reasonable combination of insecticide and fungicide can have a certain synergistic effect on pests and pathogens, while promoting crop health and increasing yield. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the technical solution, objectives and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is described with reference to the following specific embodiments. However, the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0021] Preparation method of seed treatment suspension: According to the formula ratio, the active ingredients, adjuvants and water are mixed and stirred evenly by high shearing, and then sand milled for 2.5 hours to make the average particle size reach 1-5 micrometers. Finally, thickener, preservative and film-forming agent are added and shearing and stirring are continued to be uniform to obtain seed treatment suspension.

[0022] Preparation Example 1: 10.5% Fluopyram·Methionine·Thiamethoxam Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.7% + 0.8% + 9%)

[0023] Formula composition: 0.7% fluopyram, 0.8% metalaxyl, 9% thiamethoxam, 2% sodium alkyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfonate, 3% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 2% phenethylphenol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, 2% naphthalene sulfonate, 1% magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.25% xanthan gum, 1% polyacrylic acid emulsion, 5% rose red pigment, 5% ethylene glycol, 0.25% silicone defoamer, 0.5% sodium sorbate, deionized water to make up the balance.

[0024] Preparation Example 2: 10.5% Fluopyram·Methionine·Thiamethoxam Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.7% + 0.8% + 9%)

[0025] Formula composition: 0.7% fluopyram, 0.8% metalaxyl, 9% thiamethoxam, 1% sorbitan oleate polyoxyethylene ether, 1% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 2% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1% magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.25% xanthan gum, 1% polyacrylic acid emulsion, 5% rose red pigment, 5% ethylene glycol, 0.5% silicone defoamer, 0.2% potassium benzisothiazolinone, deionized water to make up the balance.

[0026] Preparation Example 3: 10.5% Fluopyram·Methoxyfen·Imidacloprid Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.7% + 0.8% + 9%)

[0027] Formula composition: 0.7% fluopyram, 0.8% metalaxyl, 9% imidacloprid, 2% ethylene glycol oxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, 2% glycerol fatty acid ester polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, 3% naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, 1% polyacrylic acid emulsion, 0.25% xanthan gum, 5% rose red pigment, 4% glycerol, 1% magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.5% silicone defoamer, 1% benzoic acid, deionized water to make up the balance.

[0028] Preparation Example 4: 10.5% Fluopyram·Methoxyfen·Dinotefuran Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.7% + 0.8% + 9%)

[0029] Formula composition: 0.7% fluopyram, 0.8% metalaxyl, 9% dinotefuran, 2% castor oil polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, 3% EO / PO block copolymer, 1% alkyl aryl polyoxyethylene ether polyoxypropylene ether, 2% styrene phenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 1% polyacrylic acid, 0.25% xanthan gum, 4% rose red pigment, 5% propylene glycol, 1% magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.5% silicone defoamer, 0.5% isothiazolinone, deionized water to make up the balance.

[0030] Preparation Example 5: 10.5% Fluopyram·Methoxyfenozide·Thiamethoxam Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.7% + 0.8% + 9%)

[0031] Formula composition: 0.7% fluopyram, 0.8% metalaxyl, 9% thiamethoxam, 2% arylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, 5% EO / PO block copolymer, 1% sorbitan oleate polyoxyethylene ether, 2% sodium alkyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfonate, 1% polyacrylic acid, 0.25% xanthan gum, 5% rose red pigment, 5% ethylene glycol, 1% magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.5% silicone defoamer, 1% sodium p-hydroxybenzoate, deionized water to make up the balance.

[0032] Control Example 1: 15% Fluopyram·Methionine (7% + 8%)

[0033] Formula composition: 7% fluopyram, 8% metalaxyl, 2% triphenylethylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 2% EO / PO block copolymer, 3% phenylethylphenol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, 1% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 1.5% polyethylene glycol, 0.25% xanthan gum, 4.5% rose red pigment, 4% ethylene glycol, 1% magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.5% silicone defoamer, 0.2% sodium sorbate, deionized water to make up the balance.

[0034] Control Example 2: 9.7% fluopyram·hydroxylamine·thiamethoxam suspension seed coating agent (0.7% + 9%)

[0035] Formula composition: 0.7% fluopyram, 9% thiamethoxam, 2% phenethylphenol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, 3% sodium octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfonate, 1% sodium lignosulfonate, 1.5% polyacrylic acid, 0.25% xanthan gum, 4% rose red pigment, 5% ethylene glycol, 1% magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.5% silicone defoamer, 1% sodium benzoate, deionized water to make up the balance.

[0036] Control Example 3: 9.7% fluopyram·hydroxylamine·thiamethoxam suspension seed coating agent (0.7% + 9%)

[0037] Formula composition: 0.7% fluopyram, 9% thiamethoxam, 2.5% castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, 3% tristyrene phenol polyoxyethylene ether polyoxypropylene ether, 1% arylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, 2% sodium alginate, 2% sodium lignosulfonate, 1% sodium carboxymethyl starch, 0.25% xanthan gum, 5% rose red pigment, 4% propylene glycol, 1% magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.5% silicone defoamer, 0.2% isothiazolinone, deionized water to make up the balance.

[0038] Control Example 4: 9.7% fluopyram·hydroxylamine·imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent (0.7% + 9%)

[0039] Formula composition: 0.7% fluopyram, 9% imidacloprid, 2% sodium methylnaphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensate, 1% styrene-phenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 2% ethylene glycol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, 1% polyacrylic acid, 0.25% xanthan gum, 5% rose red pigment, 5% glycerol, 1% magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.5% silicone defoamer, 1% sorbic acid, deionized water to make up the balance;

[0040] Control Example 5: 9.7% fluopyram·hydroxylamine·diflubenzuron suspension seed coating agent (0.7% + 9%)

[0041] Formula composition: 0.7% fluopyram, 9% dinotefuran, 2% phenethylphenol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, 2% sorbitan oleate polyoxyethylene ether, 1% sodium lignosulfonate, 2% castor oil polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, 2% sodium lignosulfonate, 1% polyvinyl alcohol, 0.2% xanthan gum, 4% rose red pigment, 5% ethylene glycol, 1% magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.5% silicone defoamer, 1% isothiazolinone, deionized water to make up the balance.

[0042] Control Example 6: 9.7% fluopyram·hydroxylamine·thiamethoxam suspension seed coating agent (0.7% + 9%)

[0043] Formula composition: 0.7% fluopyram, 9% thiamethoxam, 2% castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, 3% arylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, 1% succinate sulfonate, 1% polyacrylic acid, 0.25% xanthan gum, 4% rose red pigment, 5% ethylene glycol, 1% magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.5% silicone defoamer, 1% potassium benzoate, deionized water to make up the balance.

[0044] Control Example 7: 9.8% metalaxyl-mancozeb-thiamethoxam suspension seed coating agent (0.8% + 9%)

[0045] Formula composition: 0.8% metalaxyl, 9% thiamethoxam, 3% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 3% polyoxyethylene dehydrated sorbitan monooleate, 1% sodium polycarboxylate, 1% sodium carboxymethyl starch, 0.25% xanthan gum, 4% rose red pigment, 5% ethylene glycol, 1% magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.5% silicone defoamer, 1% sodium sorbate, deionized water to make up the balance.

[0046] Control Example 8: 9.8% metalaxyl-methyl·thiamethoxam suspension seed coating agent (0.8% + 9%)

[0047] Formula composition: 0.8% metalaxyl, 9% thiamethoxam, 3% phenethylphenol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, 2% alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, 1% arylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, 2% sodium lignosulfonate, 1% sodium benzoate, 0.2% xanthan gum, 5% rose red pigment, 5% propylene glycol, 0.25% magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.5% silicone defoamer, 1% polyacrylic acid, deionized water to make up the balance.

[0048] Control Example 9: 9.8% Metalaxyl-M·Imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent (0.8% + 9%)

[0049] Formula composition: 0.8% metalaxyl, 9% imidacloprid, 5% fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether, 3% alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate salt, 3% sodium lignosulfonate, 2% sodium benzoate, 0.2% xanthan gum, 6% rose red pigment, 5% propylene glycol, 0.5% magnesium aluminum silicate, 1% silicone defoamer, 1% polyacrylic acid, deionized water to make up the balance.

[0050] Control Example 10: 9.8% metalaxyl-mancozeb suspension seed coating agent (0.8% + 9%)

[0051] Formula composition: 0.8% metalaxyl-M, 9% fipronil, 4% sorbitan polyoxyethylene ether, 4% sorbitan oleate polyoxyethylene ether, 2% polyoxyethylene dehydrated sorbitan monooleate, 2% sodium lauryl sulfate, 1.5% sodium carboxymethyl starch, 0.25% xanthan gum, 4% rose red pigment, 5% propylene glycol, 1% magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.5% silicone defoamer, 1.5% sorbic acid, deionized water to make up the balance.

[0052] Control Example 11: 9.8% Metalaxyl-M·Thiamethoxam suspension seed coating agent (0.8% + 9%)

[0053] Formula composition: 0.8% metalaxyl, 9% thiamethoxam, 3% alkyl aryl polyoxyethylene ether polyoxypropylene ether, 1% sodium polycarboxylate, 3% phenethylphenol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, 2% styrene phenol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, 1% magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.25% xanthan gum, 1% polyacrylic acid emulsion, 5% rose red pigment, 5% propylene glycol, 0.5% silicone defoamer, 0.3% methylparaben, deionized water to make up the balance.

[0054] Example 1: Indoor Bioactivity Assay of Pathogens

[0055] The experiment was conducted in accordance with NY / T 1156.2-2006 "Guidelines for Indoor Bioassay Tests of Pesticides - Fungicides Part II: Tests for Inhibition of Mycelial Growth of Pathogenic Fungi - Plate Method".

[0056] Experimental targets: Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum, Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc, and Bipolarissorokiniana.

[0057] Test agents: fluopyram technical, metalaxyl technical, thiamethoxam technical, thiamethoxam technical, imidacloprid technical, dinotefuran technical, thiamethoxam technical.

[0058] Preparation of reagents: After dissolving the above raw materials in a suitable solvent to prepare a high-concentration mother liquor, fluopyram and metalaxyl are mixed according to the ratio designed in the experiment. Then, the above single agents and mixtures are diluted with 0.1% Tween 80 aqueous solution to obtain 5 series of mass concentrations.

[0059] Based on this, the synergistic ratio of fluopyram and metalaxyl was selected, and the above optimal ratio mixture was used as a fungicide combination and compounded with neonicotinoid insecticides in different mass ratios.

[0060] Experimental replication: Four petri dishes were used for each concentration of the test reagent, with one petri dish for each replicate, for a total of four replicates. A 0.1% Tween 80 aqueous solution without the reagent was used as a blank control.

[0061] Drug preparation: Under aseptic conditions, pre-melted sterile culture medium was quantitatively added to sterile Erlenmeyer flasks according to the experimental treatment. Drug solutions were quantitatively pipetted sequentially from low to high concentration and added to the flasks, then thoroughly mixed. Equal volumes were then poured into four 9cm diameter culture media to prepare drug-containing agar plates of the corresponding concentrations. A drug-free treatment was included as a blank control. Each treatment was repeated four times.

[0062] Inoculation: Under aseptic conditions, use a sterile punch to cut a mycelial cake from the edge of the colony of the pre-cultured target pathogen. Inoculate the mycelial cake onto the center of the drug-containing plate with the mycelial side facing up, cover with the cap, and place under suitable conditions for cultivation.

[0063] Investigation: The growth of pathogenic mycelia was investigated based on the colony growth in blank control culture dishes. The diameter of the colonies was measured in centimeters using calipers. The diameter of each colony was measured vertically once using the cross-sectional method, and the average value was taken.

[0064] Data statistics and analysis: Based on the survey results, the inhibition rate of mycelial growth of the tested target bacteria by each treatment concentration was calculated, in percentage (%). The calculation results were retained to two decimal places.

[0065] D = D1 - D2

[0066] In the formula:

[0067] D – Colony growth diameter;

[0068] D1—colony diameter;

[0069] D2 – Diameter of the mushroom cake.

[0070]

[0071] In the formula:

[0072] I – Mycelial growth inhibition rate;

[0073] D0—Correlation diameter of the blank control group;

[0074] D T — Diameter of colonies grown after chemical treatment.

[0075] Use a statistical analysis system to analyze the data and derive the regression equation and EC. 50 The value is used to evaluate the activity of the test reagent on the biological sample.

[0076] Calculation of the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC value) of the mixture:

[0077]

[0078] In the formula:

[0079] ATI – Actual Measured Toxicity Index of Mixtures;

[0080] S—EC of standard reagent 50 The unit is milligrams per liter (mg / L);

[0081] M – EC of the mixture 50 The unit is milligrams per liter (mg / L).

[0082] TTI = TI A ×P A +TI B ×P B

[0083] In the formula:

[0084] TTI – Theoretical Toxicity Index of Mixtures;

[0085] TI A —A. Toxicity index of drug A;

[0086] P A —Percentage content of drug A in the mixture, expressed as percentage (%);

[0087] TI B —Toxicity index of drug B;

[0088] P B —Percentage content of agent B in the mixture, expressed as percentage (%).

[0089]

[0090] In the formula:

[0091] CTC – Cotoxicity Coefficient;

[0092] ATI – Actual Measured Toxicity Index of Mixtures;

[0093] TTI – Theoretical Toxicity Index of Mixtures.

[0094] When the toxicity of an agent to insects or pathogens is very low, it can be considered as an synergist S, and its toxicity can be ignored. Therefore, when calculating the co-toxicity coefficient of mixed applications, this co-toxicity coefficient is also called the synergistic coefficient, and its calculation is simplified as follows:

[0095]

[0096] When the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) of the compound is ≥120, it exhibits a synergistic effect; when CTC ≤80, it exhibits an antagonistic effect; and when 80 < CTC < 120, it exhibits an additive effect.

[0097] The test results are shown in the table below:

[0098] Table 1. Results of toxicity assay of different ratios of fluopyram (A) and metalaxyl (B) against Fusarium oxysporum (peanut root rot).

[0099]

[0100] Note: At the designed maximum concentration of 200 mg / L, metalaxyl showed no significant inhibitory activity against Fusarium oxysporum and can be considered as an synergist S, with negligible toxicity.

[0101] Table 1 shows that the results of the indoor experiments indicate that fluopyram has a good control effect on Fusarium oxysporum; metalaxyl has no significant inhibitory effect on Fusarium oxysporum, and when combined with fluopyram, metalaxyl can be considered as a synergist. Fluopyram and metalaxyl show a significant synergistic effect on Fusarium oxysporum within a reasonable ratio range, which is 6:1 to 1:6. Among them, the ratios of fluopyram to metalaxyl are 3:2 and 7:8, with better activity and more significant synergistic effect.

[0102] Table 2. Virulence test results of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" mixtures at mass ratios of 7:8 and 3:2, and their mixtures with thiamethoxam against Fusarium oxysporum (peanut root rot).

[0103] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (7:8) y = 1.5648x + 6.0005 0.2294 / Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (3:2) y = 1.4847x + 5.9738 0.2209 / Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4463x + 6.0444 0.1896 120.992 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.7:0.8 y = 1.435x + 6.1122 0.1679 136.629 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.7:0.8 y = 1.3381x + 6.0603 0.1613 142.219 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5062x + 6.1116 0.1828 125.492 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.7:0.8 y = 1.3573x + 5.9295 0.2066 111.036 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.9:0.6 y = 1.4854x + 5.9229 0.2392 92.349 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.9:0.6 y = 1.5151x + 6.0889 0.1911 115.594 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.9:0.6 y = 1.3568x + 6.0346 0.1728 127.836 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.9:0.6 y = 1.4719x + 6.1532 0.1646 134.204 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.9:0.6 y = 1.2510x + 5.9218 0.1833 120.513

[0104] Note: Thiamethoxam showed no significant inhibitory activity against Fusarium oxysporum at the highest designed concentration of 200 mg / L, and can be regarded as an synergist S, with negligible toxicity.

[0105] Table 2 shows the results of the indoor tests. The mixtures of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" (in a ratio of 3:2 or 7:8) and thiamethoxam in different ratios showed an additive or synergistic effect on Fusarium oxysporum. Among them, the mass ratios of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" to thiamethoxam (0.7:0.8):(3-12) and (0.9:0.6):(6-15) showed a synergistic effect. The synergistic effect was most significant when the mass ratios of fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl + thiamethoxam were 9:0.7:0.8 and 9:0.9:0.6.

[0106] Table 3. Virulence test results of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" mixtures at mass ratios of 7:8 and 3:2, and their mixtures with thiamethoxam against Fusarium oxysporum (peanut root rot).

[0107] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (7:8) y = 1.5648x + 6.0005 0.2294 / Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (3:2) y = 1.4847x + 5.9738 0.2209 / Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4612x + 5.8336 0.2689 85.311 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4919x + 6.0014 0.2130 107.700 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4584x + 6.0832 0.1808 126.881 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5348x + 6.1847 0.1691 135.659 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5385x + 6.1323 0.1837 124.878 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.9:0.6 y = 1.4883x + 5.8791 0.2566 86.087 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.9:0.6 y = 1.5436x + 6.0191 0.2187 101.006 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.9:0.6 y = 1.3632x + 5.9856 0.1892 116.755 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.9:0.6 y = 1.5063x + 6.1185 0.1809 122.112 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.9:0.6 y = 1.3874x + 6.0629 0.1714 128.880

[0108] Note: Thiamethoxam showed no significant inhibitory activity against Fusarium oxysporum at the highest designed concentration of 200 mg / L, and can be considered as an synergist S, with negligible toxicity.

[0109] Table 3 shows the results of the indoor tests. The mixtures of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" (in a ratio of 3:2 or 7:8) and thiamethoxam in different ratios showed an additive or synergistic effect on Fusarium oxysporum. Among them, the mass ratios of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" to thiamethoxam (0.7:0.8):(9-15) and (0.9:0.6):(9-12) showed a synergistic effect. The synergistic effect was most significant when the mass ratios of fluopyram + metalaxyl + thiamethoxam were 12:0.7:0.8 and 15:0.9:0.6.

[0110] Table 4. Virulence test results of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" mixtures at mass ratios of 7:8 and 3:2, and their mixtures with fipronil, against Fusarium oxysporum (peanut root rot).

[0111]

[0112]

[0113] Note: At the highest designed concentration of 200 mg / L, fipronil showed no significant inhibitory activity against Fusarium oxysporum and can be considered as an synergist, with negligible toxicity.

[0114] Table 4 shows the results of the indoor tests. The mixtures of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" (in a ratio of 3:2 or 7:8) and dinotefuran in different ratios showed an additive or synergistic effect on Fusarium oxysporum. Among them, the mass ratios of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" to dinotefuran (0.7:0.8):(9-12) and (0.9:0.6):(6-9) showed a synergistic effect. The synergistic effect was most significant when the mass ratios of fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl + dinotefuran were 9:0.7:0.8 and 9:0.9:0.6.

[0115] Table 5. Toxicity test results of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" mixtures at mass ratios of 7:8 and 3:2, and their mixtures with thiamethoxam against Fusarium oxysporum (peanut root rot).

[0116] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (7:8) y = 1.5648x + 6.0005 0.2294 / Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (3:2) y = 1.4847x + 5.9738 0.2209 / Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4481x + 5.7674 0.2952 77.710 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4369x + 5.9655 0.2129 107.75 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5533x + 6.1295 0.1874 122.412 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4057x + 5.8758 0.2382 96.306 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.7:0.8 y = 1.3616x + 5.7985 0.2591 88.537 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.9:0.6 y = 1.4408x + 5.7204 0.3162 69.861 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.9:0.6 y = 1.5187x + 5.9233 0.2466 89.578 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.9:0.6 y = 1.3070x + 5.8504 0.2236 98.792 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.9:0.6 y = 1.4921x + 5.8144 0.2846 77.618 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.9:0.6 y = 1.2356x + 5.4858 0.4044 54.624

[0117] Note: Thiamethoxam showed no significant inhibitory activity against Fusarium oxysporum at the highest designed concentration of 200 mg / L, and can be considered as an synergist S, with negligible toxicity.

[0118] Table 5 shows the results of the indoor tests. The mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" (in a ratio of 3:2 or 7:8) and thiamethoxam in different ratios showed an additive or synergistic effect on Fusarium oxysporum. Among them, the mass ratio of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" to thiamethoxam (0.7:0.8):9 showed a synergistic effect.

[0119] Table 6. Toxicity test results of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" mixtures at mass ratios of 7:8 and 3:2, and their mixtures with imidacloprid against Fusarium oxysporum (peanut root rot).

[0120]

[0121]

[0122] Note: Imidacloprid showed no significant inhibitory activity against Fusarium oxysporum at the highest designed concentration of 200 mg / L, and can be considered as an synergist S, with negligible toxicity.

[0123] Table 6 shows the results of the indoor tests. The mixture of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" (in a ratio of 3:2 or 7:8) and imidacloprid in different ratios showed an additive or synergistic effect on Fusarium oxysporum. Among them, the mass ratio of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" to imidacloprid (0.7:0.8):(6-12) and (0.9:0.6):(3-12) showed a synergistic effect. The synergistic effect was most significant when the mass ratio of fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl + imidacloprid was 12:0.7:0.8 and 9:0.9:0.6.

[0124] Table 7. Results of toxicity assays of different ratios of fluopyram (A) and metalaxyl (B) against Fusarium graminearum (wheat stem rot).

[0125]

[0126] Note: At the designed maximum concentration of 200 mg / L, metalaxyl showed no significant inhibitory activity against Fusarium oxysporum and can be considered as an synergist S, with negligible toxicity.

[0127] Table 7 shows that the results of the indoor tests indicate that fluopyram has a good control effect on Fusarium graminearum; metalaxyl has no significant inhibitory effect on Fusarium graminearum, and when combined with fluopyram, metalaxyl can be considered as a synergist. Fluopyram and metalaxyl showed a significant synergistic effect on Fusarium graminearum within a reasonable ratio range, with the synergistic ratio range being 18:1 to 1:15. Among them, the ratios of fluopyram to metalaxyl showed better activity and significant synergistic effect at 2:3 and 7:8.

[0128] Table 8. Toxicity test results of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" mixtures at mass ratios of 7:8 and 2:3, and their mixtures with thiamethoxam against Fusarium graminearum (wheat stem rot).

[0129] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (7:8) y = 1.5822x + 6.4599 0.1195 / Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (2:3) y = 1.2884x + 6.1735 0.1228 / Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4739x + 6.4183 0.1091 109.533 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4882x + 6.4987 0.0984 121.443 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5029x + 6.5752 0.0895 133.520 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.7:0.8 y = 1.6230x + 6.6699 0.0936 127.671 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.7:0.8 y = 1.3530x + 6.3675 0.0976 122.439 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.6:0.9 y = 1.5286x + 6.3604 0.1288 95.342 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.6:0.9 y = 1.5290x + 6.5444 0.0977 125.691 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.6:0.9 y = 1.4604x + 6.4874 0.0958 128.184 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.6:0.9 y = 1.5692x + 6.6053 0.0948 129.536 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.6:0.9 y = 1.3767x + 6.3628 0.1024 119.922

[0130] Note: Thiamethoxam showed no significant inhibitory activity against Fusarium graminearum at the highest designed concentration of 200 mg / L, and can be regarded as an synergist S, with negligible toxicity.

[0131] Table 8 shows the results of the indoor tests. The mixtures of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" (in a ratio of 2:3 or 7:8) and thiamethoxam in different ratios showed an additive or synergistic effect on Fusarium graminearum. Among them, the mass ratios of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" to thiamethoxam (0.7:0.8):(6-15) and (0.6:0.9):(6-12) showed a synergistic effect. The synergistic effect was most significant when the mass ratios of fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl + thiamethoxam were 9:0.7:0.8 and 12:0.6:0.9.

[0132] Table 9. Toxicity test results of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" mixtures at mass ratios of 7:8 and 2:3, and their mixtures with thiamethoxam against Fusarium graminearum (wheat stem rot).

[0133] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (7:8) y = 1.5822x + 6.4599 0.1195 / Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (2:3) y = 1.2884x + 6.1735 0.1228 / Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.7:0.8 y = 1.6286x + 6.6544 0.0964 123.963 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.7:0.8 y = 1.6007x + 6.6367 0.0949 125.922 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4798x + 6.5253 0.0932 128.219 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.7:0.8 y = 1.7117x + 6.7791 0.0913 130.887 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5947x + 6.6252 0.0957 124.869 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.6:0.9 y = 1.5775x + 6.5531 0.1036 118.533 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.6:0.9 y = 1.5805x + 6.5981 0.0975 125.949 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.6:0.9 y = 1.4793x + 6.5041 0.0962 127.651 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.6:0.9 y = 1.5266x + 6.5634 0.0946 129.810 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.6:0.9 y = 1.5213x + 6.3777 0.1243 98.793

[0134] Note: Thiamethoxam showed no significant inhibitory activity against Fusarium graminearum at the highest designed concentration of 200 mg / L, and can be regarded as an synergist S, with negligible toxicity.

[0135] Table 9 shows the results of the indoor tests. The mixtures of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" (in a ratio of 2:3 or 7:8) and thiamethoxam in different ratios showed an additive or synergistic effect on Fusarium graminearum. Among them, the mass ratios of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" to thiamethoxam (0.7:0.8):(3-12) and (0.6:0.9):(6-12) showed a synergistic effect. The synergistic effect was most significant when the mass ratios of fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl + thiamethoxam were 12:0.7:0.8 and 12:0.6:0.9.

[0136] Table 10. Toxicity test results of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" mixtures at mass ratios of 7:8 and 2:3, and their mixtures with fipronil, against Fusarium graminearum (wheat stem rot).

[0137] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (7:8) y = 1.5822x + 6.4599 0.1195 / Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (2:3) y = 1.2884x + 6.1735 0.1228 / Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.7:0.8 y = 1.6733x + 6.6880 0.0980 121.939 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5665x + 6.6071 0.0942 126.858 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.7:0.8 y = 1.6875x + 6.7084 0.0972 122.942 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.7:0.8 y = 1.6590x + 6.5758 0.1122 106.506 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4703x + 6.2731 0.1362 87.739 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.6:0.9 y = 1.4965x + 6.4134 0.1136 108.099 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.6:0.9 y = 1.4367x + 6.4602 0.0963 127.518 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.6:0.9 y = 1.5212x + 6.5893 0.0902 136.142 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.6:0.9 y = 1.4679x + 6.4932 0.0961 127.784 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.6:0.9 y = 1.5347x + 6.4142 0.1198 102.504

[0138] Note: At the highest designed concentration of 200 mg / L, fipronil showed no significant inhibitory activity against Fusarium graminearum and can be considered as an synergist S, with negligible toxicity.

[0139] Table 10 shows the results of the indoor tests. The mixture of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" (in a ratio of 2:3 or 7:8) and dinotefuran in different ratios showed an additive or synergistic effect on Fusarium graminearum. Among them, the mass ratio of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" to dinotefuran was (0.7:0.8):(3-9) and (0.6:0.9):(6-12), which showed a synergistic effect. The synergistic effect was most significant when the mass ratio of fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl + dinotefuran was 6:0.7:0.8 and 9:0.6:0.9.

[0140] Table 11. Toxicity test results of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" mixtures at mass ratios of 7:8 and 2:3, and its mixture with thiamethoxam against Fusarium graminearum (wheat stem rot).

[0141]

[0142]

[0143] Note: Thiamethoxam showed no significant inhibitory activity against Fusarium graminearum at the highest designed concentration of 200 mg / L, and can be regarded as an synergist S, with negligible toxicity.

[0144] Table 11 shows that the indoor test results indicate that the mixtures of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" (in a ratio of 2:3 or 7:8) and thiamethoxam in different ratios exhibit an additive or synergistic effect on Fusarium graminearum. Among them, the mass ratio of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" to thiamethoxam (0.6:0.9):9 shows a synergistic effect.

[0145] Table 12. Toxicity test results of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" mixtures at mass ratios of 7:8 and 2:3, and their mixtures with imidacloprid against Fusarium graminearum (wheat stem rot).

[0146] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (7:8) y = 1.5822x + 6.4599 0.1195 / Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (3:2) y = 1.2884x + 6.1735 0.1228 / Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4881x + 6.4354 0.1085 110.138 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.7:0.8 y = 1.7966x + 6.8773 0.0902 132.483 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5167x + 6.6643 0.0799 149.562 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.7:0.8 y = 1.6523x + 6.6921 0.0946 126.321 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5157x + 6.4389 0.1124 106.317 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.6:0.9 y = 1.5037x + 6.5222 0.0972 126.337 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.6:0.9 y = 1.4199x + 6.4442 0.0961 127.784 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.6:0.9 y = 1.3584x + 6.4151 0.0908 135.242 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.6:0.9 y = 1.4267x + 6.4610 0.0946 129.810 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.6:0.9 y = 1.4923x + 6.3646 0.1218 100.821

[0147] Note: Imidacloprid showed no significant inhibitory activity against Fusarium graminearum at the highest designed concentration of 200 mg / L, and can be considered as an synergist S, with negligible toxicity.

[0148] Table 12 shows the results of the indoor tests. The mixtures of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" (in a ratio of 2:3 or 7:8) and imidacloprid in different ratios showed an additive or synergistic effect on Fusarium graminearum. Among them, the mass ratios of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" to imidacloprid (0.7:0.8):(6-12) and (0.6:0.9):(3-12) showed a synergistic effect. The synergistic effect was most significant when the mass ratios of fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl + imidacloprid were 9:0.7:0.8 and 9:0.6:0.9.

[0149] Table 13. Virulence test results of different ratios of fluopyram (A) and metalaxyl (B) against *Sclerotinia sclerotiorum* (peanut white rot).

[0150]

[0151]

[0152] Note: At the designed maximum concentration of 200 mg / L, metalaxyl showed no significant inhibitory activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and can be considered as an synergist. Its toxicity is negligible.

[0153] Table 13 shows that the results of the indoor experiments indicated that fluopyram had a good control effect on *Sclerotinia sclerotiorum*; metalaxyl had no significant inhibitory effect on *Sclerotinia sclerotiorum*, and when combined with fluopyram, metalaxyl can be considered as a synergist. Fluopyram and metalaxyl showed a significant synergistic effect on *Sclerotinia sclerotiorum* within a reasonable ratio range, which was 20:1 to 1:15. The ratios of fluopyram to metalaxyl were 1:2 and 7:8, showing better activity and a more significant synergistic effect.

[0154] Table 14. Virulence test results of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" mixtures at mass ratios of 7:8 and 1:2, and their mixtures with thiamethoxam, on *Sclerotinia sclerotiorum* (peanut white rot).

[0155] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (7:8) y = 1.4944x + 4.7293 1.5175 / Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (1:2) y = 1.5296x + 4.7333 1.4940 / Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4420x + 4.8106 1.3531 112.150 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.7:0.8 y = 1.3589x + 4.8632 1.2608 120.360 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.7:0.8 y = 1.3617x + 4.8891 1.2064 125.787 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.7:0.8 y = 1.3858x + 4.9115 1.1585 130.988 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4674x + 4.8741 1.2185 124.538 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.5:1 y = 1.4002x + 4.8708 1.2368 120.796 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.5:1 y = 1.4669x + 4.8709 1.2247 121.989 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.5:1 y = 1.5208x + 4.9070 1.1512 129.778 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.5:1 y = 1.6055x + 4.8872 1.1756 127.084 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.5:1 y = 1.4867x + 4.8680 1.2268 121.780

[0156] Note: Thiamethoxam showed no significant inhibitory activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at the designed maximum concentration of 200 mg / L, and can be considered as an synergist S, with negligible toxicity.

[0157] Table 14 shows the results of the indoor tests. The mixture of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" (ratio of 1:2 or 7:8) and thiamethoxam in different ratios showed an additive or synergistic effect on *Sclerotinia sclerotiorum*. Among them, the mass ratio of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" to thiamethoxam (0.7:0.8):(6-15) and (0.5:1):(3-15) showed a synergistic effect. The synergistic effect was most significant when the mass ratio of fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl + thiamethoxam was 12:0.7:0.8 and 9:0.5:1.

[0158] Table 15. Virulence test results of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" mixtures at mass ratios of 7:8 and 1:2, and their mixtures with thiamethoxam, on *Sclerotinia sclerotiorum* (peanut white rot).

[0159] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (7:8) y = 1.4944x + 4.7293 1.5175 / Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (1:2) y = 1.5296x + 4.7333 1.4940 / Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4068x + 4.7701 1.4568 104.167 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5053x + 4.8623 1.2345 122.924 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4845x + 4.8926 1.1812 128.471 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4373x + 4.8618 1.2479 121.604 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5120x + 4.7270 1.5156 100.125 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.5:1 y = 1.4798x + 4.6995 1.5964 93.586 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.5:1 y = 1.5700x + 4.7843 1.3721 108.884 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.5:1 y = 1.4924x + 4.8703 1.2215 122.309 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.5:1 y = 1.4659x + 4.9341 1.1091 134.704 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.5:1 y = 1.3033x + 4.7665 1.5105 98.908

[0160] Note: Thiamethoxam showed no significant inhibitory activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at the designed maximum concentration of 200 mg / L, and can be considered as an synergist S, with negligible toxicity.

[0161] Table 15 shows that the indoor test results indicate that different ratios of the mixture of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" (in a ratio of 1:2 or 7:8) and thiamethoxam exhibit an additive or synergistic effect on *Sclerotinia sclerotiorum*. Among them, the mass ratios of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" to thiamethoxam (0.7:0.8):(6-12) and (0.5:1):(9-12) showed a synergistic effect, with the most significant synergistic effect observed at mass ratios of 9:0.7:0.8 and 12:0.5:1.

[0162] Table 16. Virulence test results of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" mixtures at mass ratios of 7:8 and 1:2, and their mixtures with fipronil, on *Sclerotinia sclerotiorum* (peanut white rot).

[0163] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (7:8) y = 1.4944x + 4.7293 1.5175 / Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (1:2) y = 1.5296x + 4.7333 1.4940 / Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5155x + 4.8090 1.3368 113.517 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4883x + 4.8556 1.2502 121.381 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.7:0.8 y = 1.3970x + 4.8803 1.2182 124.569 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4777x + 4.8857 1.1949 126.998 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.7:0.8 y = 1.3516x + 4.8026 1.3996 108.424 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.5:1 y = 1.4949x + 4.7404 1.4917 100.154 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.5:1 y = 1.3330x + 4.8455 1.3058 114.413 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.5:1 y = 1.4194x + 4.8861 1.2030 124.190 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.5:1 y = 1.4787x + 4.8740 1.2168 122.781 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.5:1 y = 1.4545x + 4.7595 1.4633 102.098

[0164] Note: At the designed maximum concentration of 200 mg / L, fipronil showed no significant inhibitory activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and can be considered as an synergist S, with negligible toxicity.

[0165] Table 16 shows the results of the indoor tests. The mixture of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" (ratio of 1:2 or 7:8) and different ratios of dinotefuran showed an additive or synergistic effect on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Among them, the mass ratio of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" to dinotefuran was (0.7:0.8):(6-12) and (0.5:1):(9-12), showing a synergistic effect. The synergistic effect was most significant when the mass ratio of fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl + dinotefuran was 12:0.7:0.8 and 9:0.5:1.

[0166] Table 17. Virulence test results of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" mixtures at mass ratios of 7:8 and 1:2, and their mixtures with thiamethoxam and *Sclerotinia sclerotiorum* (peanut white rot).

[0167] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (7:8) y = 1.4944x + 4.7293 1.5175 / Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (1:2) y = 1.5296x + 4.7333 1.4940 / Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4086x + 4.6687 1.7186 88.299 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.7:0.8 y = 1.3962x + 4.7298 1.5615 97.182 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5032x + 4.8654 1.2290 123.474 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4418x + 4.8597 1.2511 121.293 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5766x + 4.7647 1.4100 107.624 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.5:1 y = 1.3818x + 4.6408 1.8196 82.106 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.5:1 y = 1.3630x + 4.7030 1.6517 90.452 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.5:1 y = 1.3630x + 4.7678 1.4802 100.932 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.5:1 y = 1.3936x + 4.7797 1.4390 103.822 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.5:1 y = 1.6162x + 4.7729 1.3820 108.104

[0168] Note: Thiamethoxam showed no significant inhibitory activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at the highest designed concentration of 200 mg / L, and can be considered as an synergist S, with negligible toxicity.

[0169] Table 17 shows that the indoor test results indicate that the mixtures of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" (in a ratio of 1:2 or 7:8) and thiamethoxam in different ratios exhibit an additive or synergistic effect on *Sclerotinia sclerotiorum*. Among them, the mass ratio of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" to thiamethoxam (0.7:0.8):(9-12) shows a synergistic effect, and the synergistic effect is most significant when the mass ratio of fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl + thiamethoxam is 9:0.7:0.8.

[0170] Table 18. Virulence test results of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" mixtures at mass ratios of 7:8 and 1:2, and their mixtures with imidacloprid, on *Sclerotinia sclerotiorum* (peanut white rot).

[0171]

[0172]

[0173] Note: Imidacloprid showed no significant inhibitory activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at the highest designed concentration of 200 mg / L, and can be considered as an synergist S, with negligible toxicity.

[0174] Table 18 shows the results of the indoor tests. The mixture of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" (ratio of 1:2 or 7:8) and imidacloprid in different ratios showed an additive or synergistic effect on *Sclerotinia sclerotiorum*. Among them, the mass ratio of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" to imidacloprid (0.7:0.8):(6-12) and (0.5:1):(3-9) showed a synergistic effect. The synergistic effect was most significant when the mass ratio of fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl + imidacloprid was 9:0.7:0.8 and 9:0.5:1.

[0175] Table 19. Results of toxicity assays of different ratios of fluopyram (A) and metalaxyl (B) against *Helicobacter pylori* (wheat root rot).

[0176]

[0177] Table 19 shows that the results of the indoor experiments indicated that both fluopyram and metalaxyl had good control effects on the mycelial growth of *Helicobacter pylori*. Fluopyram and metalaxyl showed significant synergistic effects on *Helicobacter pylori* within a reasonable ratio range of 6:1 to 1:6. The ratio of fluopyram to metalaxyl was 7:8, with the highest activity and most significant synergistic effect.

[0178] Table 20. Toxicity test results of the mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" at a mass ratio of 7:8 and its mixture with thiamethoxam against *Helicobacter pylori* (wheat root rot).

[0179]

[0180]

[0181] Note: Thiamethoxam showed no significant inhibitory activity against Helicobacter pylori at the highest designed concentration of 200 mg / L, and can be regarded as an synergist S, with negligible toxicity.

[0182] Table 20 shows that the indoor test results indicate that the mixtures of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl-M mixture" (ratio 7:8) and thiamethoxam in different ratios exhibit additive or synergistic effects on *Helicobacter pylori*. Among them, the mass ratio of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl-M mixture" to thiamethoxam (0.7:0.8):(3-15) shows a synergistic effect, and the synergistic effect is most significant when the mass ratio of fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl-M mixture + thiamethoxam is 9:0.7:0.8.

[0183] Table 21. Toxicity test results of the mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" at a mass ratio of 7:8 and its mixture with thiamethoxam against *Helicobacter pylori* (wheat root rot).

[0184] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (7:8) y = 1.6376x + 5.7056 0.3708 / Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5210x + 5.7922 0.3014 123.026 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.7:0.8 y = 1.8120x + 5.9768 0.2890 128.304 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.7:0.8 y = 1.6302x + 5.9267 0.2701 137.282 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.7:0.8 y = 1.6200x + 5.8553 0.2965 125.059 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.7:0.8 y = 1.6267x + 5.8085 0.3184 116.457

[0185] Note: Thiamethoxam showed no significant inhibitory activity against Helicobacter pylori at the highest designed concentration of 200 mg / L, and can be considered as an synergist S, with negligible toxicity.

[0186] Table 21 shows that the results of the indoor tests indicate that the mixtures of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl-M mixture" (ratio 7:8) and thiamethoxam in different ratios exhibited additive or synergistic effects on Helicobacter pylori. Among them, the mass ratio of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl-M mixture" to thiamethoxam (0.7:0.8):(3-12) showed a synergistic effect, and the synergistic effect was most significant when the mass ratio of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl-M mixture" to thiamethoxam was 9:0.7:0.8.

[0187] Table 22. Toxicity test results of the mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" at a mass ratio of 7:8 and its mixture with fipronil against *Helicobacter pylori* (wheat root rot).

[0188] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (7:8) y = 1.6376x + 5.7056 0.3708 / Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.7:0.8 y = 1.6277x + 5.822 0.3126 118.618 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.7:0.8 y = 1.6112x + 5.8707 0.2881 128.705 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.7:0.8 y = 1.6907x + 5.9242 0.2840 130.563 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5240x + 5.8079 0.2950 125.695 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5158x + 5.7852 0.3034 122.215

[0189] Note: At the highest designed concentration of 200 mg / L, fipronil showed no significant inhibitory activity against Helicobacter pylori and can be considered as an synergist S. Its toxicity is negligible.

[0190] Table 22 shows that the indoor test results indicate that the mixtures of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl-M mixture" (ratio 7:8) and dinotefuran at different ratios exhibit additive or synergistic effects on Helicobacter pylori. Among them, the mass ratio of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl-M mixture" to dinotefuran (0.7:0.8):(6-15) shows a synergistic effect, and the synergistic effect is most significant when the mass ratio of fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl-M mixture + dinotefuran is 9:0.7:0.8.

[0191] Table 23. Toxicity test results of the mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" at a mass ratio of 7:8 and its mixture with thiamethoxam and *Helicobacter pylori* (wheat root rot).

[0192] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (7:8) y = 1.6376x + 5.7056 0.3708 / Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5224x + 5.7242 0.3344 110.885 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4737x + 5.7618 0.3041 121.934 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5323x + 5.8227 0.2905 127.642 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.7:0.8 y = 1.6119x + 5.8734 0.2872 129.109 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.7:0.8 y = 1.3776x + 5.6463 0.3395 109.219

[0193] Note: Thiamethoxam showed no significant inhibitory activity against Helicobacter pylori at the highest designed concentration of 200 mg / L, and can be considered as an synergist S, with negligible toxicity.

[0194] Table 23 shows that the indoor test results indicate that the mixtures of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" (ratio 7:8) and thiamethoxam in different ratios exhibit additive or synergistic effects on *Helicobacter pylori*. Among them, the mass ratio of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl" to thiamethoxam (0.7:0.8):(6-12) shows a synergistic effect, and the synergistic effect is most significant when the mass ratio of fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl + thiamethoxam is 12:0.7:0.8.

[0195] Table 24. Toxicity test results of the mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" at a mass ratio of 7:8 and its mixture with imidacloprid against *Helicobacter pylori* (wheat root rot).

[0196] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient Fluopyram: Metalaxyl (7:8) y = 1.6376x + 5.7056 0.3708 / Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4106x + 5.6624 0.3391 109.348 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4460x + 5.7447 0.3055 121.375 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5502x + 5.8552 0.2808 132.051 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.7:0.8 y = 1.3527x + 5.6564 0.3271 113.360 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.7:0.8 y = 1.8497x + 5.8293 0.3562 104.099

[0197] Note: Imidacloprid showed no significant inhibitory activity against Helicobacter pylori at the highest designed concentration of 200 mg / L, and can be considered as an synergist S, with negligible toxicity.

[0198] Table 24 shows that the indoor test results indicate that the mixtures of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl-M mixture" (ratio 7:8) and imidacloprid in different ratios exhibit additive or synergistic effects on *Helicobacter pylori*. Among them, the mass ratio of "fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl-M mixture" to imidacloprid (0.7:0.8):(6-9) shows a synergistic effect, and the synergistic effect is most significant when the mass ratio of fluoxadiazon + metalaxyl-M mixture + imidacloprid is 9:0.7:0.8.

[0199] Example 2: Indoor toxicity test of pests

[0200] Test basis: The test refers to NY / T 1154.7-2006 "Guidelines for Indoor Bioassay Tests of Pesticides - Insecticides Part 7: Determination of Combined Effects of Mixtures".

[0201] Experimental targets: second instar larvae of the green scarab beetle and second instar larvae of the wireworm.

[0202] Source of insects: The tested *Gnaphalium affine* grubs were collected from peanut fields in Gaoyu Commune, Jimo County, Shandong Province. Adult grubs attracted using black light were placed in rearing boxes. The bottom of the boxes contained approximately 10-15 cm of soil collected from the source area, maintaining a soil moisture content of (18±3)%. A layer of weeds was then used as a protective and activity layer. The rearing boxes were sealed with nylon mesh to prevent adult escape. The boxes were placed in an artificial intelligence-controlled insect rearing room with a temperature of (25±1)℃, humidity of 70%, and a photoperiod L:D = 16h / 8h. Fresh elm leaves were provided daily as feed. Egg laying was checked, and eggs laid that day were collected. Healthy eggs of the same age were selected and placed in larval rearing boxes containing soil of the same moisture content. Hatched larvae were fed potato tubers. Second-instar larvae of uniform size were selected as the test source.

[0203] Adult wireworms were collected from wheat fields in Ningyang County, Tai'an City, Shandong Province. The collected adults were placed in rearing boxes, with slightly compacted loam filling the bottom and covered with a 10cm layer of moist, loose, humus-rich soil (15%–18% moisture content). Wheat seedlings with soil clumps were placed on the surface as feed, and a small amount of dry grass was added as a protective layer to prevent escape. After rearing to the F1 generation, healthy, uniform third-instar larvae were selected for the experiment.

[0204] Test agents: fluopyram technical, metalaxyl technical, thiamethoxam technical, thiamethoxam technical, imidacloprid technical, dinotefuran technical, thiamethoxam technical.

[0205] Prepare a stock solution of a certain mass using a suitable solvent, and dilute the stock solution into five concentration gradients using a 0.1% Triton X-80 aqueous solution for later use.

[0206] Method for testing *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* beetles: Select healthy, active target larvae with consistent physiological states. Immerse uniformly sized potato slices (3mm thick, 3.5cm long, 1.2cm wide) in the drug solution for 10 seconds, then remove and allow to air dry on paper. Place the dried potato slices into finger-shaped tubes, and then place a single larva into each tube (1.8cm in diameter, 7.5cm high). Place the tubes in a light incubator at 24±1℃ and approximately 60% humidity, ensuring adequate humidity. Repeat each treatment four times, with 20 larvae per replicate. Use a 0.1% Tween solution as a control. After 5 days, check for larval mortality; larvae that are significantly shrunken or unable to move normally when pricked are considered dead.

[0207] Method for determining the toxicity of wireworm: Sandy loam soil was passed through a 20-mesh sieve and sterilized and dried at 120℃ for 5 hours. 1.0 kg of the dried soil sample was weighed, and a certain amount of pesticide solution was added to the soil in ascending order of concentration. An appropriate amount of water was then added and stirred until the soil moisture content was approximately 18%. The pesticide-containing soil was placed into glass rearing tubes containing one test worm, along with a small amount of newly germinated wheat seeds as food. The tubes were then sealed with rubber stoppers to prevent escape. Each treatment was repeated four times, with 20 test worms per replicate. Rearing conditions: The treated test worms were reared in a greenhouse at a temperature of (24±1)℃ and a humidity of approximately (60±5)%. Three days after treatment, the mortality of the test worms was checked; worms that showed significant shrinkage or could not move normally when touched with a pen tip were considered dead.

[0208] Based on the survey data from the above trials, calculate the corrected mortality rate for each treatment. Calculate using the following formula:

[0209]

[0210] In the formula:

[0211] P – Mortality rate, expressed as a percentage (%);

[0212] K represents the number of dead insects, in heads;

[0213] N represents the total number of insects treated, in units of heads.

[0214]

[0215] In the formula:

[0216] In the formula:

[0217] P1 – Corrected mortality rate, in percentage (%);

[0218] P t —The mortality rate is expressed as a percentage (%).

[0219] P0 – Mortality rate in the blank control group, expressed as a percentage (%).

[0220] If the control mortality rate is <5%, no correction is needed; if the control mortality rate is between 5% and 20%, correction should be performed according to the above formula; if the control mortality rate is >20%, the trial needs to be repeated.

[0221] Statistical analysis system was used to analyze and derive the virulence regression equation and LC. 50 The value is used to evaluate the activity of the test reagent on the biological sample.

[0222] Calculation of the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC value) of the mixture:

[0223]

[0224] In the formula:

[0225] ATI – Actual Measured Toxicity Index of Mixtures;

[0226] S—LC50 of the standard reagent 50 The unit is milligrams per liter (mg / L);

[0227] M – LC of the mixture 50 The unit is milligrams per liter (mg / L).

[0228] TTI = TI A ×P A +TI B ×P B

[0229] In the formula:

[0230] TTI – Theoretical Toxicity Index of Mixtures;

[0231] TI A —A. Toxicity index of drug A;

[0232] P A —Percentage content of drug A in the mixture, expressed as percentage (%);

[0233] TI B —Toxicity index of drug B;

[0234] P B —Percentage content of agent B in the mixture, expressed as percentage (%).

[0235]

[0236] In the formula:

[0237] CTC – Cotoxicity Coefficient;

[0238] ATI – Actual Measured Toxicity Index of Mixtures;

[0239] TTI – Theoretical Toxicity Index of Mixtures.

[0240] When the toxicity of an agent to insects or pathogens is very low, it can be considered as an synergist S, and its toxicity can be ignored. Therefore, when calculating the co-toxicity coefficient of mixed applications, this co-toxicity coefficient is also called the synergistic coefficient, and its calculation is simplified as follows:

[0241]

[0242] When the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) of the compound is ≥120, it exhibits a synergistic effect; when CTC ≤80, it exhibits an antagonistic effect; and when 80 < CTC < 120, it exhibits an additive effect.

[0243] Table 25. Results of toxicity assays of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" mixtures at mass ratios of 7:8 and 1:2, and their mixtures with thiamethoxam, on beetles.

[0244] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient Thiamethoxam y = 1.1068x + 4.2074 5.2014 / Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.7:0.8 y = 1.2835x + 4.1932 4.2518 122.334 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4607x + 4.0996 4.1341 125.817 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4808x + 4.1417 3.7985 136.933 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5676x + 4.0850 3.8343 135.654 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5509x + 4.0180 4.2971 121.044 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.5:1 y = 1.6832x + 3.7644 5.4208 95.953 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.5:1 y = 1.5473x + 3.9431 4.8202 107.908 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.5:1 y = 1.3877x + 4.1288 4.2445 122.544 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.5:1 y = 1.5247x + 4.0922 3.9391 132.045 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.5:1 y = 1.5931x + 4.0124 4.1680 124.794

[0245] Note: The mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" at a mass ratio of 7:8 and 1:2 showed no significant inhibitory activity against *Tetranychus purpureus* at the designed maximum concentration of 200 mg / L.

[0246] The mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" at a mass ratio of 7:8 or 1:2 can be regarded as an synergist S, and its toxicity is negligible.

[0247] Fluopyram and metalaxyl mixture showed no significant indoor activity against the green beetle. However, when the mixture of fluopyram and metalaxyl was combined with neonicotinoid insecticides, it significantly increased the toxicity of the neonicotinoid insecticides and enhanced the control efficacy against the green beetle.

[0248] The mass ratio of "fluopyram + metalaxyl-M mixture" to thiamethoxam showed a synergistic effect at (0.7:0.8):(3-15) and (0.5:1):(9-15), with the most significant synergistic effect observed at the mass ratios of 9:0.7:0.8 and 12:0.5:1.

[0249] Table 26. Results of toxicity assays of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" mixtures at mass ratios of 7:8 and 1:2, and their mixtures with thiamethoxam, on beetles.

[0250]

[0251]

[0252] Note: The mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" at a mass ratio of 7:8 and 1:2 showed no significant inhibitory activity against *Tetranychus purpureus* at the designed maximum concentration of 200 mg / L.

[0253] The mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" at a mass ratio of 7:8 or 1:2 can be regarded as an synergist S, and its toxicity is negligible.

[0254] The mass ratio of "fluopyram + metalaxyl-M mixture" to thiamethoxam is (0.7:0.8):(6-12) and (0.5:1):(9-15), showing a synergistic effect. The synergistic effect is most significant when the mass ratio of fluopyram + metalaxyl-M mixture to thiamethoxam is 9:0.7:0.8 and 12:0.5:1.

[0255] Table 27. Results of toxicity assays of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" mixtures at mass ratios of 7:8 and 1:2, and their mixtures with imidacloprid, on beetles.

[0256] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient Imidacloprid y = 1.4589x + 3.1620 18.1935 / Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5264x + 3.0839 17.9993 101.079 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5268x + 3.2213 14.6212 124.432 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4433x + 3.3542 13.8132 131.711 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.7:0.8 y = 1.6509x + 3.1333 13.5131 134.636 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.7:0.8 y = 1.6565x + 3.0563 14.9077 122.041 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.5:1 y = 1.8113x + 2.8737 14.9248 121.901 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.5:1 y = 1.5564x + 3.1897 14.5594 124.961 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.5:1 y = 1.5649x + 3.1952 14.2334 127.823 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.5:1 y = 1.7640x + 2.905 15.4035 118.113 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.5:1 y = 1.7041x + 2.8936 17.2207 105.649

[0257] Note: The mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" at a mass ratio of 7:8 and 1:2 showed no significant inhibitory activity against *Tetranychus purpureus* at the designed maximum concentration of 200 mg / L.

[0258] The mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" at a mass ratio of 7:8 or 1:2 can be regarded as an synergist S, and its toxicity is negligible.

[0259] The mass ratio of "fluopyram + metalaxyl-M mixture" to imidacloprid (0.7:0.8):(6-15) and (0.5:1):(3-9) showed a synergistic effect, with the most significant synergistic effect observed at mass ratios of 12:0.7:0.8 and 9:0.5:1.

[0260] Table 28. Results of toxicity assays of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" mixtures at mass ratios of 7:8 and 1:2, and their mixtures with fipronil, on beetles.

[0261] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient Fipronil y = 1.5549x + 3.1338 15.8563 / Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.7:0.8 y = 1.3937x + 3.3907 14.2781 111.053 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.7:0.8 y = 1.3924x + 3.4532 12.9096 122.826 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.7:0.8 y = 1.3506x + 3.5330 12.1947 130.026 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5875x + 3.1310 15.0425 105.410 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.7:0.8 y = 1.6071x + 2.9476 18.9285 83.769 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.5:1 y = 1.7970x + 2.8319 16.0884 98.557 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.5:1 y = 1.5301x + 3.2987 12.9394 122.543 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.5:1 y = 1.4770x + 3.3711 12.6715 125.134 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.5:1 y = 1.5723x + 3.2918 12.2015 129.954 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.5:1 y = 1.5996x + 3.1340 14.6753 108.048

[0262] Note: The mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" at a mass ratio of 7:8 and 1:2 showed no significant inhibitory activity against *Tetranychus purpureus* at the designed maximum concentration of 200 mg / L.

[0263] The mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" at a mass ratio of 7:8 or 1:2 can be regarded as an synergist S, and its toxicity is negligible.

[0264] The mass ratio of "fluopyram + metalaxyl-M mixture" to fipronil is (0.7:0.8):(6-9) or (0.5:1):(6-12), showing a synergistic effect. The synergistic effect is most significant when the mass ratio of fluopyram + metalaxyl-M mixture to fipronil is 9:0.7:0.8 or 12:0.5:1.

[0265] Table 29. Results of toxicity assays of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" mixtures at mass ratios of 7:8 and 1:2, and their mixtures with thiamethoxam, on beetles.

[0266] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient Thiamethoxam y = 1.6683x + 2.5536 29.269 / Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 10:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4728x + 2.7362 34.440 84.985 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4961x + 2.7463 32.0887 91.213 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 20:0.7:0.8 y = 1.3642x + 3.0929 24.9997 117.077 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 25:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5782x + 2.7428 26.9293 108.688 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 30:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5996x + 2.6398 29.8874 97.931 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.5:1 y = 1.6266x + 2.4750 35.6735 82.047 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.5:1 y = 1.6127x + 2.6373 29.1764 100.317 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.5:1 y = 1.4278x + 3.0246 24.1840 121.026 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.5:1 y = 1.5462x + 2.8736 23.7273 123.356

[0267] Note: The mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" at a mass ratio of 7:8 and 1:2 showed no significant inhibitory activity against *Tetranychus purpureus* at the designed maximum concentration of 200 mg / L.

[0268] The mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" at a mass ratio of 7:8 or 1:2 can be regarded as an synergist S, and its toxicity is negligible.

[0269] The mass ratio of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" mixture to thiamethoxam (0.5:1): (9-12) shows a synergistic effect, with the most significant synergistic effect observed when the mass ratio of fluopyram + metalaxyl + thiamethoxam is 12:0.5:1.

[0270] Table 30. Results of wireworm assay using a 7:8 mass ratio mixture of fluopyram and metalaxyl-M mixture and its mixture with thiamethoxam.

[0271] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient Thiamethoxam y = 1.6489x + 3.5323 7.7638 / Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5794x + 3.7218 6.4462 120.440 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.7:0.8 y = 1.2911x + 3.9846 6.1156 126.951 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.7:0.8 y = 1.3144x + 4.0001 5.7648 134.676 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5744x + 3.7506 6.2169 124.882 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5007x + 3.8020 6.2844 123.541

[0272] Note: The mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" at a mass ratio of 7:8 showed no significant inhibitory activity against wireworms at the designed maximum concentration of 200 mg / L.

[0273] The mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" in a mass ratio of 7:8 can be regarded as an synergist S, and its toxicity is negligible.

[0274] The mass ratio of "fluopyram + metalaxyl-M mixture" to thiamethoxam is (0.7:0.8):(3-15), which shows a synergistic effect. The synergistic effect is most significant when the mass ratio of fluopyram + metalaxyl-M mixture + thiamethoxam is 9:0.7:0.8.

[0275] Table 31 Results of wireworm assay using a 7:8 mass ratio mixture of fluopyram and metalaxyl-M mixture and its mixture with thiamethoxam.

[0276] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient Thiamethoxam y = 1.6093x + 3.0948 15.2716 / Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4119x + 3.2864 16.3541 93.381 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.7:0.8 y = 1.3446x + 3.5564 11.8479 128.897 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.7:0.8 y = 1.3557x + 3.5608 11.5249 132.510 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5601x + 3.3769 10.9741 139.160 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.7:0.8 y = 1.6110x + 3.2420 12.3376 123.781

[0277] Note: The mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" at a mass ratio of 7:8 showed no significant inhibitory activity against wireworms at the designed maximum concentration of 200 mg / L.

[0278] The mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" in a mass ratio of 7:8 can be regarded as an synergist S, and its toxicity is negligible.

[0279] Fluopyram and metalaxyl mixture showed no significant indoor activity against wireworms. However, when fluopyram and metalaxyl mixture was combined with neonicotinoid insecticides to form a compound, the toxicity of neonicotinoid insecticides was significantly increased, thus enhancing the control efficacy against wireworms.

[0280] The mass ratio of "fluopyram + metalaxyl-M mixture" to thiamethoxam is (0.7:0.8):(6-15), which shows a synergistic effect. The synergistic effect is most significant when the mass ratio of fluopyram + metalaxyl-M mixture to thiamethoxam is 12:0.7:0.8.

[0281] Table 32 Results of wireworm assay using a 7:8 mass ratio mixture of fluopyram and metalaxyl-M mixture and its mixture with imidacloprid.

[0282] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient Imidacloprid y = 1.5457x + 3.4240 10.4631 / Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4361x + 3.6616 8.5493 122.385 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4747x + 3.7353 7.2044 145.232 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4402x + 3.7086 7.8828 132.733 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5607x + 3.5506 8.4859 123.300 Imidacloprid: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.7:0.8 y = 1.6209x + 3.4049 9.6397 108.542

[0283] Note: The mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" at a mass ratio of 7:8 showed no significant inhibitory activity against wireworms at the designed maximum concentration of 200 mg / L.

[0284] The mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" in a mass ratio of 7:8 can be regarded as an synergist S, and its toxicity is negligible.

[0285] The mass ratio of "fluopyram + metalaxyl-M mixture" to imidacloprid (0.7:0.8):(3-12) showed a synergistic effect, with the most significant synergistic effect observed when the mass ratio of fluopyram + metalaxyl-M mixture to imidacloprid was 6:0.7:0.8.

[0286] Table 33 Results of wireworm assay using a 7:8 mass ratio mixture of fluopyram and metalaxyl-M and its mixture with fipronil.

[0287] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient Fipronil y = 1.6528x + 2.6997 24.6467 / Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5007x + 2.9511 23.1884 106.289 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4111x + 3.1722 19.7386 124.865 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5132x + 3.0624 19.0741 129.216 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4869x + 3.0754 19.6959 125.136 Fipronil: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.7:0.8 y = 1.7138x + 2.6239 24.3481 101.226

[0288] Note: The mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" at a mass ratio of 7:8 showed no significant inhibitory activity against wireworms at the designed maximum concentration of 200 mg / L.

[0289] The mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" in a mass ratio of 7:8 can be regarded as an synergist S, and its toxicity is negligible.

[0290] The mass ratio of "fluopyram + metalaxyl-M mixture" to fipronil is (0.7:0.8):(6-12), which shows a synergistic effect. The synergistic effect is most significant when the mass ratio of fluopyram + metalaxyl-M mixture + fipronil is 9:0.7:0.8.

[0291] Table 34. Results of wireworm assay using a 7:8 mass ratio mixture of fluopyram and metalaxyl-M mixture and its mixture with thiamethoxam.

[0292] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient Thiamethoxam y = 1.5353x + 2.7211 30.5025 / Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 3:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4885x + 2.8399 28.2638 107.921 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 6:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5125x + 2.8833 25.0869 121.587 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 9:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4092x + 3.0891 22.7005 134.369 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 12:0.7:0.8 y = 1.5720x + 2.6714 30.2903 100.701 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Metalaxyl = 15:0.7:0.8 y = 1.4911x + 2.6663 36.7334 83.038

[0293] Note: The mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" at a mass ratio of 7:8 showed no significant inhibitory activity against wireworms at the designed maximum concentration of 200 mg / L.

[0294] The mixture of "fluopyram + metalaxyl" in a mass ratio of 7:8 can be regarded as an synergist S, and its toxicity is negligible.

[0295] The mass ratio of "fluopyram + metalaxyl-M mixture" to thiamethoxam (0.7:0.8):(6-9) showed a synergistic effect, with the most significant synergistic effect observed when the mass ratio of fluopyram + metalaxyl-M mixture to thiamethoxam was 9:0.7:0.8.

[0296] Example 3: Field efficacy trial of pesticides for controlling wheat root rot and wireworms.

[0297] Experimental location: A wheat field in Wangyang Village, Youzhao Township, Pingxiang County, Hebei Province. The soil was clay loam. The experimental fields were neat, square, and managed uniformly. The experimental site was located in an area prone to soil-borne diseases of wheat, and the cultivation and management conditions were consistent, meeting the experimental requirements.

[0298] Experimental crop: Wheat (Hanmai 6127).

[0299] Experimental targets: wheat root rot (Bipolaris sorokiniana) and wireworm (Pleonomus canaliculatus).

[0300] Experimental Design: The experiment consisted of 24 treatments, replicated 4 times, with a randomized block design and a plot size of 50 m². 2 A protected area was set up around it.

[0301] Application and sowing time: Before sowing, treat the seeds with pesticide solution to ensure that the pesticide solution evenly covers the surface of the wheat seeds, and then dry them for later use.

[0302] The efficacy investigation was conducted 7 days after wheat sowing. At sowing, two rows were selected in each treatment plot, and furrows were manually dug between the rows. 200 seeds were evenly sown in each row to investigate the wheat emergence rate.

[0303] On November 22, 2024, a pest survey was conducted. Five samples were taken from each plot, with each sample having a 1-meter ridge length. The total number of plants and the number of dead plants were investigated, and the mortality rate was calculated. Five samples were taken from each plot in a "Z" pattern, with each sample having a 50cm×50cm×30cm soil excavation area. The number of insects was investigated.

[0304] A survey of wheat root rot was conducted on May 4, 2025. Five sampling points were taken in each plot, with 20 plants surveyed at each point, and the number of diseased plants at each level was recorded.

[0305] The classification of root rot disease is as follows.

[0306] Grade 0: No disease spots on the base of the stem and the main root of the plant.

[0307] Grade 1: A few lesions are present at the base of the stem and on the main root.

[0308] Grade 3: There are many lesions at the base of the stem and the main root, and the lesion area accounts for 25% to 50% of the total area of ​​the stem base and root.

[0309] Grade 5: Numerous and large lesions at the base of the stem and main root, with the lesion area accounting for 51% to 75% of the total area of ​​the stem base and root.

[0310] Level 7: Patches of disease extend from the base of the stem or the main root, forming a ring around the stem, but the root system is not dead.

[0311] Level 9: Root necrosis, with the above-ground parts of the diseased plant wilting or dying.

[0312] Actual yield measurement was conducted during the wheat harvest season.

[0313] The calculation method is as follows:

[0314] Method for calculating the efficacy of root rot medication:

[0315]

[0316] Method for calculating the efficacy of wireworm medication:

[0317]

[0318] Method for calculating the increase in productivity:

[0319]

[0320] The results of the field trials are shown in the table below:

[0321] Table 35. Effects of different seed dressing agents on the control of wheat root rot.

[0322]

[0323]

[0324] The control efficacy of each experimental pesticide treatment against wheat root rot ranged from 63.39% to 94.16%. The combination of fluopyram, metalaxyl, and neonicotinoid insecticides significantly improved the control efficacy against wheat root rot.

[0325] Table 36. Control effects of different seed dressing agents on wireworms.

[0326] deal with Damaged plant rate (%) Prevention and control efficacy (%) Number of insects (heads) Insect repellency (%) 10.5% Fluopyram·Hydroxyfenozide·Methionine·Thiamethoxam Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.7% + 0.8% + 9%) 2.50 89.46 2.25 91.55 10.5% Fluopyram·Methionine·Thiamethoxam Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.7% + 0.8% + 9%) 3.00 86.94 3.00 88.89 10.5% Fluopyram·Methoxyfenozide·Imidacloprid Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.7% + 0.8% + 9%) 2.25 90.46 1.75 93.64 10.5% Fluopyram·Hydroxyfen·Methoxyfen·Dinotefuran Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.7% + 0.8% + 9%) 3.50 85.17 3.75 86.23 10.5% Fluopyram·Methoxyfenozide·Thiamethoxam Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.7% + 0.8% + 9%) 3.00 87.13 2.50 90.75 9.7% Fluopyram·Hydroxyfenozide·Thiamethoxam Suspension Seed Coating (0.7% + 9%) 6.25 73.31 6.25 76.89 9.7% Fluopyram·Hydroxynil·Thiamethoxam Suspension Seed Coating (0.7% + 9%) 7.25 69.04 7.25 73.28 9.7% Fluopyram·Hydroxynil·Imidacloprid Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.7% + 9%) 7.00 70.02 7.00 74.32 9.7% Fluopyram·Hydroxynil·Dinotefuran Suspension Seed Coating (0.7% + 9%) 7.25 69.02 8.50 68.61 9.7% Fluopyram·Hydroxynil·Thiamethoxam Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.7% + 9%) 8.50 63.50 9.25 65.95 9.8% Metalaxyl-M·Thiamethoxam Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.8% + 9%) 6.25 73.31 6.00 77.93 9.8% Metalaxyl-M·Thiamethoxam Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.8% + 9%) 7.50 67.90 7.75 71.42 9.8% Metalaxyl-M·Imidacloprid Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.8% + 9%) 6.75 71.04 8.00 69.99 9.8% Metalaxyl-M·Fentanyl Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.8% + 9%) 7.50 67.84 8.75 67.48 9.8% Metalaxyl-M·Thiamethoxam Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.8% + 9%) 8.75 62.60 9.00 66.68 10% Thiamethoxam Seed Treatment Suspension 6.00 74.50 6.75 75.12 30% Thiamethoxam Seed Treatment Suspension 6.50 72.12 7.50 72.23 600g / L imidacloprid seed treatment suspension 7.00 70.21 8.50 68.38 25% Fipronil Seed Treatment Suspension 7.75 66.83 8.25 69.18 20% Thiamethoxam Seed Treatment Suspension 8.25 64.73 9.25 65.95 Blank control 23.50 / 27.25 /

[0327] The results in the table above show that the application of fluopyram + metalaxyl + neonicotinoid seed dressing agent to wheat seeds at the effective amount set in the experiment achieved a plant control effect of 85.17%–90.46% and an insect control effect of 86.23%–93.64%.

[0328] Table 37 Effects of different seed dressing agents on wheat emergence rate and yield.

[0329]

[0330] Table 37 shows that there were significant differences in wheat emergence rates among the treatments. The 10.5% fluopyram·metalaxyl·thiamethoxam suspension seed dressing group (0.7%+0.8%+9%) had the best emergence rate of 93.75%, while the control group (CK) had the worst emergence rate of 71.75%. Yield measurements showed that the 10.5% fluopyram·metalaxyl·thiamethoxam suspension seed dressing group (0.7%+0.8%+9%) and the 10.5% fluopyram·metalaxyl·imidacloprid suspension seed dressing group (0.7%+0.8%+9%) increased wheat yield by 7.77% and 7.31% respectively compared to the control group, indicating that the ternary compound seed dressing agents had a certain yield-increasing effect on wheat production.

[0331] Example 4: Field efficacy test for controlling wheat stem base rot

[0332] Experimental site: Chengjiazhuang wheat field, Zhaoxian Town, Ju County, Rizhao City, Shandong Province. The previous crop was corn. In recent years, wheat stem rot has been severe in this field, and the diseased plants are evenly distributed. The soil fertility of the experimental site is moderate, the terrain is flat, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and transportation is convenient. The soil texture is sandy loam. In recent years, stem rot has been severe in this field, and the diseased plants are evenly distributed.

[0333] The wheat variety tested was Xinmai 296.

[0334] Experimental targets: The strains isolated and identified in the laboratory were mainly Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium pseudograminearum.

[0335] Application time and method: 5 days before the experiment, according to the treatment design, mix the test agent with water and mix it with the seeds, and then dry it in a cool place for later use.

[0336] Experimental Design: The experiment consisted of 19 treatments, with each treatment replicated 4 times, and each plot was 50m. 2 All experimental plots were arranged in a randomized block design. The treatments and dosages of the active ingredients are shown in the table below.

[0337] Experimental survey methods: Field disease surveys were conducted during the milk-ripe stage of wheat (May 21). A diagonal five-point sampling method was used in each plot, with 20 plants surveyed at each point, totaling 100 plants. The number of plants infected with wheat stem base rot was investigated, and the disease incidence rate was calculated; the number of whiteheads was also investigated, and the whitehead rate was calculated.

[0338] The condition is classified according to the following criteria:

[0339] Grade 0: No browning symptoms observed throughout the plant;

[0340] Grade 1: The roots show signs of browning;

[0341] Grade 3: The first node of the above-ground part of the stem shows signs of browning and rotting;

[0342] Level 5: The second stem node above ground shows signs of browning and rotting;

[0343] Grade 7: Lesions extend beyond the second internode, but there are no white ears;

[0344] Grade 9: Lesions extend beyond the second internode, with white spikelets;

[0345] Formula for calculating disease index and prevention and control effect:

[0346]

[0347] The results of the field trials are shown in the table below:

[0348] Table 38. Effects of different seed dressing agents on the control of wheat stem rot.

[0349] Drug Name Dosage of active ingredient (g / 100kg seeds) Disease index % Prevention and control efficacy % 10.5% Fluopyram·Hydroxyfenozide·Methionine·Thiamethoxam Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.7% + 0.8% + 9%) 90 1.64 92.26 10.5% Fluopyram·Methionine·Thiamethoxam Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.7% + 0.8% + 9%) 90 2.08 90.37 10.5% Fluopyram·Methoxyfenozide·Imidacloprid Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.7% + 0.8% + 9%) 90 1.44 93.35 10.5% Fluopyram·Hydroxyfen·Methoxyfen·Dinotefuran Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.7% + 0.8% + 9%) 90 2.44 88.58 10.5% Fluopyram·Methionine·Thiamethoxam Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.7% + 0.8% + 9%) 90 4.31 79.95 15% Fluopyram hydroxylamine·Methoxyfenozide (7% + 8%) 20 4.69 78.20 9.7% Fluopyram·Hydroxyfenozide·Thiamethoxam Suspension Seed Coating (0.7% + 9%) 100 5.94 72.36 9.7% Fluopyram·Hydroxynil·Thiamethoxam Suspension Seed Coating (0.7% + 9%) 120 6.22 70.88 9.7% Fluopyram·Hydroxynil·Imidacloprid Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.7% + 9%) 360 5.78 73.14 9.7% Fluopyram·Hydroxynil·Dinotefuran Suspension Seed Coating (0.7% + 9%) 400 6.33 70.53 9.7% Fluopyram·Hydroxynil·Thiamethoxam Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.7% + 9%) 400 6.61 69.05 9.8% Metalaxyl-M·Thiamethoxam Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.8% + 9%) 100 10.08 53.00 9.8% Metalaxyl-M·Thiamethoxam Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.8% + 9%) 120 10.17 52.68 9.8% Metalaxyl-M·Imidacloprid Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.8% + 9%) 360 9.67 54.92 9.8% Metalaxyl-M·Fentanyl Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.8% + 9%) 400 10.44 51.52 9.8% Metalaxyl-M·Thiamethoxam Suspension Seed Coating Agent (0.8% + 9%) 400 10.64 50.52 200 g / L fluopyram suspension seed coating agent 15 6.22 70.88 35% Metalaxyl-M suspension seed coating agent 18 10.64 50.48 blank / 21.53 /

[0350] Field efficacy trials showed that the 10.5% fluopyram·metalaxyl·imidacloprid suspension seed dressing agent (0.7%+0.8%+9%) and the 10.5% fluopyram·metalaxyl·thiamethoxam suspension seed dressing agent (0.7%+0.8%+9%) treatments resulted in low disease indices and relatively good control efficacy.

[0351] Example 5: Field efficacy test of pesticides for controlling peanut root rot, peanut white mold, and white grubs.

[0352] Experimental site: Peanut fields in Liudu Village, Liudu Town, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, where peanut root rot, white mold and other soil-borne fungal diseases have occurred frequently and severely for years.

[0353] Experimental crop: peanut.

[0354] Experimental targets: peanut root rot, peanut white mold, and grubs.

[0355] Experimental design: The experiment consisted of 24 treatments, with 4 replicates per treatment, and each plot was 20 m². 2 The plots were randomly arranged. One day before peanut sowing, the pesticide was accurately measured according to the experimental design dosage, a small amount of water was added, and the mixture was shaken thoroughly. Then, the seeds were placed in a plastic bag, and the mixture was poured in while shaking until it was evenly mixed. The seeds were then dried. The treatments and the dosage of the active ingredient are shown in Table 41.

[0356] Experimental investigation methods: Peanut root rot and white mold disease were investigated once during the peanut harvest period. Five random sampling points were taken from each plot, and four plants were taken from each point to investigate the number of plants with root rot and the disease index of each treatment.

[0357] Peanut root rot disease grading standards:

[0358] Grade 0, with no disease spots on the stem base and taproot;

[0359] Grade 1, with a few lesions on the base of the stem and the main root;

[0360] Grade 3: There are many lesions on the base of the stem and the main root, and the lesion area accounts for 25% to 50% of the total area of ​​the stem and root;

[0361] Grade 5: There are many large lesions on the base of the stem and the main root, and the lesion area accounts for 51% to 75% of the total area of ​​the stem and root.

[0362] Level 7: The lesions on the base of the stem and the main root are connected, forming a ring around the stem, but the root system is not dead;

[0363] Level 9: Root necrosis, with the above-ground parts of the plant wilting or dying.

[0364] Peanut white mold disease grading standards:

[0365] Level 0: No disease;

[0366] Grade 1: Diseases only occur on the peanut roots, affecting 10% of the plant;

[0367] Level 3: Obvious lesions and discolored mycelia appear at the base of the peanut stem; 30% of the plants are affected.

[0368] Level 5: The base of the peanut stem turns black and white mycelium is obvious; 50% of the plants are infected.

[0369] Level 7: The entire peanut plant is covered with white mycelium at the root, the whole plant begins to wither, and 80% of the plants are infected;

[0370] Level 9: The entire peanut plant is completely covered with white mycelium, and the roots turn completely black and die.

[0371]

[0372] Peanut grub survey: A survey was conducted once during the peanut harvest season. At harvest, a five-point sampling method in a "Z" pattern was used for each plot, with four clumps taken at each point and a soil depth of 30cm. The number of surviving grubs and the number of infested pods in the soil samples were investigated, and the insect control effect and pod control effect were calculated.

[0373] Grading standards for pest-damaged fruit:

[0374] Grade 0: Pods are intact and show no signs of damage;

[0375] Grade 1: The pods show signs of damage.

[0376] Grade 2: The pods have small holes, but the kernels are intact and the yield is not affected;

[0377] Grade 3: The pods have large holes caused by damage, and half of the kernels are damaged, affecting yield;

[0378] Level 4: Both pods and kernels are damaged by more than 1 / 2.

[0379]

[0380] Pod yield in each community: all pods in each community are harvested, dried, and the yield is calculated.

[0381]

[0382] The results of the field efficacy trials are shown below:

[0383] Table 39. Control effects of different seed dressing agents on peanut root rot and peanut white mold.

[0384]

[0385] Field efficacy results showed that, among all treatment groups, the disease index of the ternary seed dressing treatment was lower than that of other treatments and the blank control treatment, and the control efficacy was significantly improved.

[0386] Table 40. Control effects of different seed coating agents on peanut grubs.

[0387]

[0388]

[0389] The results showed that the treatments with 10.5% fluopyram·metalaxyl·thiamethoxam suspension seed dressing agent (0.7%+0.8%+9%) and 10.5% fluopyram·metalaxyl·thiamethoxam suspension seed dressing agent (0.7%+0.8%+9%) had the best fruit-setting effect on peanuts, with control efficacies of 89.99% and 86.79%, respectively, significantly higher than other treatments. For pest control, the treatments with 10.5% fluopyram·metalaxyl·thiamethoxam suspension seed dressing agent (0.7%+0.8%+9%) and 10.5% fluopyram·metalaxyl·thiamethoxam suspension seed dressing agent (0.7%+0.8%+9%) had the best effects, at 91.80% and 87.83%, respectively.

[0390] Table 41 Effects of different seed coating agents on peanut yield

[0391]

[0392]

[0393] The results showed that the highest yield was achieved in the 10.5% fluopyram·metalaxyl·thiamethoxam suspension seed coating group (0.7%+0.8%+9%), with a concentration of 3511.56 kg / hm². 2 The yield increase rate was 32.11%; the second highest was achieved by the 10.5% fluopyram·methalin·thiamethoxam suspension seed coating agent (0.7%+0.8%+9%) treatment group, which increased yield by 31.47% compared to the blank control.

[0394] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general description and specific embodiments, some modifications or improvements can be made to it based on the present invention, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, all such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A pesticide composition containing fluopyram and metalaxyl, characterized in that, The pesticide composition comprises active ingredient A, active ingredient B, and active ingredient C. Active ingredient A is fluopyram, active ingredient B is metalaxyl, and active ingredient C is a neonicotinoid insecticide, wherein the neonicotinoid insecticide is any one of thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, and thiamethoxam. The mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.05-1):(0.05-1):(1-15).

2. The pesticide composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.1-1):(0.1-1):(3-15).

3. The pesticide composition according to claim 2, characterized in that, The active ingredient C is thiamethoxam, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-1):(0.5-1):(3-15). The active ingredient C is thiamethoxam, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-1):(0.5-1):(3-12). The active ingredient C is imidacloprid, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-1):(0.5-1):(3-12). The active ingredient C is fipronil, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-1):(0.5-1):(6-12). The active ingredient C is thiamethoxam, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-1):(0.5-1):(6-12).

4. The pesticide composition according to claim 3, characterized in that, The active ingredient C is thiamethoxam, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-0.9):(0.6-1):(3-15), preferably (0.5-0.9):(0.6-1):(3-12). The active ingredient C is thiamethoxam, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-0.9):(0.6-1):(3-12), preferably (0.5-0.9):(0.6-1):(6-12). The active ingredient C is imidacloprid, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-0.9):(0.6-1):(3-12), preferably (0.5-0.9):(0.6-1):(6-12). The active ingredient C is fipronil, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-0.9):(0.6-1):(6-12), preferably (0.5-0.9):(0.6-1):(9-12). The active ingredient C is thiamethoxam, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is (0.5-0.7):(0.8-1):(6-12), preferably (0.5-0.7):(0.8-1):(9-12).

5. The pesticide composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The active ingredient C is thiamethoxam, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is 0.7:0.8:3, 0.7:0.8:6, 0.7:0.8:9, 0.7:0.8:12, 0.7:0.8:15, 0.9:0.6:6, 0.9:0.6:9, 0.9:0.6:12, 0.9:0.6:15, 0.5:1:3, 0.5:1:6, 0.5:1:9, 0.5:1:12, 0.5:1:15; The active ingredient C is thiamethoxam, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is 0.7:0.8:3, 0.7:0.8:6, 0.7:0.8:9, 0.7:0.8:12, 0.7:0.8:15, 0.9:0.6:6, 0.9:0.6:9, 0.9:0.6:12, 0.5:1:9, 0.5:1:12, or 0.5:1:

15. The active ingredient C is imidacloprid, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is 0.7:0.8:6, 0.7:0.8:9, 0.7:0.8:12, 0.7:0.8:15, 0.9:0.6:3, 0.9:0.6:6, 0.9:0.6:9, 0.9:0.6:12, 0.9:0.6:15, 3:0.5:1, 0.5:1:6, 0.5:1:9; The active ingredient C is fipronil, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is 0.7:0.8:3, 0.7:0.8:6, 0.7:0.8:9, 0.7:0.8:12, 0.7:0.8:15, 0.9:0.6:6, 0.9:0.6:9, 0.9:0.6:12, 0.5:1:6, 0.5:1:9, or 0.5:1:

12. The active ingredient C is thiamethoxam, and the mass ratio of active ingredient A to active ingredient B to active ingredient C is 0.7:0.8:6, 0.7:0.8:9, 0.7:0.8:12, 0.9:0.6:9, 0.5:1:9, or 0.5:1:

12.

6. The pesticide composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pesticide composition further includes adjuvants selected from one or more of the following: wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, thickeners, disintegrants, antifreeze agents, defoamers, solvents, preservatives, stabilizers, warning colors, film-forming agents, synergists, and carriers.

7. The pesticide composition according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pesticide composition is formulated as a seed treatment suspension, microcapsule suspension, or dry seed dressing agent.

8. The pesticide composition according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pesticide composition is formulated as a seed treatment suspension.

9. The application of the pesticide composition according to any one of claims 1-8 in the control of plant diseases and / or pests, characterized in that, The plants mentioned include corn, potatoes, soybeans, rice, wheat, or peanuts.

10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that, The plant diseases mentioned are corn stem base rot, corn silk smut, soybean root rot, peanut root rot, rice seedling rot, rice damping-off, peanut white mold, rice bakanae disease, and wheat loose smut; the insect pests mentioned are aphids, grubs, thrips, wireworms, and cutworms.

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