Ore prospecting exploration method for ion adsorption type heavy rare earth ore in middle and low mountainous areas

Abstract

The invention discloses a prospecting exploration method for ion adsorption type heavy rare earth ore in middle and low mountainous areas, and belongs to the technical field of geological mineral exploration. According to Y, Dy and Nb abnormity and Y-Nb combination abnormity areas such as water chemical exploration and soil chemical exploration of a working area, high-silicon, potassium-rich, alkali-rich and sphene-rich heavy rare earth secondary mineral mineralization mother rocks are preferably selected, and a favorable mineralization area of the ion adsorption type heavy rare earth ore is delineated by combining characteristic parameters that Y / Ce is greater than 0.9 and Dy / Ce is greater than 0.2; screening south and east-south-east abrupt slope (gradient of about 30 degrees) areas by utilizing a GIS spatial analysis technology, overlapping favorable mineralization areas of the ion adsorption type heavy rare earth ore, and comparing and determining an ion adsorption type heavy rare earth ore prospecting target area in a working area; whether mineralization abnormity exists in the heavy rare earth ore prospecting target area or not is verified by using a manual impact sampling drill and a rare earth ion leaching-titration qualitative analysis method; chemical samples are preliminarily collected, 15 components of ion phases are analyzed, whether heavy rare earth ore bodies exist or not is judged and evaluated, the prospecting exploration range of the ion adsorption type heavy rare earth ore is determined, and the prospecting efficiency of the ion adsorption type heavy rare earth ore is improved. According to the method, the mineralization prospective area of the ion adsorption type heavy rare earth ore can be rapidly delineated in a large range, the prospecting target area is narrowed, and the prospecting efficiency of the ion adsorption type heavy rare earth ore is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of geological and mineral exploration technology, specifically relating to a prospecting and exploration method for ion adsorption type heavy rare earth deposits in low and medium mountainous areas. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the theoretical system for the exploration of ion-adsorption type rare earth deposits in the hilly areas of southern my country mainly improves the exploration efficiency of ion-adsorption type rare earth deposits by combining various technical means such as geochemical anomalies, geophysical methods, rare earth ion leaching-titration qualitative analysis, remote sensing technology, and digital elevation model (DEM).

[0003] Ion adsorption-based exploration of heavy rare earth minerals relies on traditional techniques and lacks a combination of methods and technologies suitable for rapid delineation and evaluation of heavy rare earth minerals in low and medium mountainous areas. This results in drawbacks such as low exploration efficiency, low success rate, high cost, and long time. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address or partially address the problems existing in related technologies, and based on the occurrence characteristics of ion-adsorption type heavy rare earth deposits in low and medium mountainous areas, this invention provides a prospecting and exploration method for ion-adsorption type heavy rare earth deposits in low and medium mountainous areas.

[0005] This invention provides a method for prospecting and exploring ion-adsorption type heavy rare earth deposits in low and medium mountainous areas, comprising the following steps: 1) Reprocess the raw geochemical data and use eigenvalues ​​to screen favorable areas for ion adsorption type heavy rare earth mineralization; 2) Collect geochemical data of bedrock rocks in the target area, and further delineate the prospecting target area of ​​ion adsorption type heavy rare earth mineralization using the characteristic parameters of the parent rock of heavy rare earth mineralization. 3) Based on the ion adsorption type heavy rare earth mineral exploration target area delineated in step 2), extract the favorable micro-geomorphic units for mineralization using GIS spatial analysis technology and DEM digital elevation. 4) Based on the favorable micro-geomorphic units for mineralization extracted in step 3), weathered crust samples were collected using manual impact sampling drills and soil stripping engineering. Then, the field rare earth ion leaching-titration qualitative analysis method was used to quickly verify whether there are mineralization anomalies in the heavy rare earth prospecting target area.

[0006] This invention effectively indicates the enrichment characteristics of heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) through Y-Nb anomalies and geochemical data showing Y / Ce > 0.9 and Dy / Ce > 0.2, enabling rapid delineation of target areas. Furthermore, the high silica and potassium sphene content in the bedrock, along with the Y / Ce > 0.9 and Dy / Ce > 0.2 geochemical characteristics, suggests abundant HREE sources in the ore-forming parent rock. Additionally, GIS technology can extract favorable micro-geomorphic units for mineralization. Finally, based on these characteristics, ion-adsorption type HREE deposits can be rapidly delineated, improving exploration efficiency and saving costs.

[0007] Preferably, step 1) specifically includes: S1: The raw data of the 1:200000 stream sediment measurement and analysis in the target area were processed by Y / Ce ratio and Dy / Ce ratio. Combined with the Y-Nb combined anomaly, areas with Y / Ce > 0.9 and Dy / Ce > 0.2 were screened to delineate the favorable mineralization areas of ion adsorption type heavy rare earth minerals. S2: For the favorable mineralization area of ​​ion adsorption type heavy rare earth ore delineated in S1, collect the raw data of 1:50000 stream sediment measurement and analysis, process the Y / Ce ratio and Dy / Ce ratio, and delineate the prospecting target area of ​​ion adsorption type heavy rare earth ore based on the large-area distribution area of ​​measurement points with Y / Ce>0.9 and Dy / Ce>0.2.

[0008] Preferably, in step 2), the parent rock of the heavy rare earth ore is high in silica (…). w (SiO2) > 70%, potassium-rich ( w The bedrock containing heavy rare earth accessory minerals, characterized by K2O > 5%, alkali content (w(K2O+ Na2O) > 8%), and sphene content (mineral content > 0.1%), and with a Y / Ce value greater than 0.9, is used to screen the distribution areas of ore-forming parent rocks for ion-adsorption type heavy rare earth minerals.

[0009] Preferably, in step 2), the distribution areas of heavy rare earth mineralization parent rocks with Y / Ce > 0.9 and Dy / Ce > 0.2 are screened and superimposed on the favorable mineralization areas of ion adsorption type heavy rare earth mineralization selected in step 1) to narrow down the prospecting target area.

[0010] Preferably, in step 3), DEM digital elevation and GIS spatial analysis technology is used to screen micro-geomorphic units with favorable development in the weathered crust exposure areas of highway slopes and steep embankments and the weathered crust cover areas of mountain ridges and hills.

[0011] Preferably, in step 4), the manual impact sampling drill is deployed on-site according to the terrain, starting from the main ridge and following the contours of the mountain. Deployment is carried out concurrently with construction, and the layout is continuously optimized and adjusted based on the exploration stage. In the early stages of mineral exploration, priority is given to deploying the drill in areas with thick weathered crust on ridges and hills, with the goal of discovering ore bodies. Construction must proceed perpendicularly downwards from the surface. The drilling depth should penetrate the fully weathered layer and terminate at the semi-weathered layer. When encountering interbedded rocks or weathered boulders at shallow depths, relocation is necessary. The accurate borehole coordinates are measured after the project is completed. During construction, attention should be paid to distinguishing between the fully weathered and semi-weathered layers, and the color, adhesion, structure, texture, and material composition characteristics of the weathered crust samples should be observed. The location of any sections where drilling stops at weathered boulders or water should be recorded in detail. While compiling the data, field rare earth ion leaching-titration qualitative analysis was conducted on the weathered crust samples to preliminarily determine the mineral content of the weathered crust. In the early stages of mineral exploration, samples can be collected only from weathered crust strata with good rare earth ion leaching-titration qualitative analysis. The basic sample length is 1.00m, and cross-strata sampling is not allowed. The samples are reduced to 1.5kg~2.0kg on-site using the cross-reduction method.

[0012] Preferably, in step 4), the soil stripping process is used on highway slopes and steep embankments with weathered crusts. Rare earth ion leaching-titration qualitative analysis is performed by grooving sampling to quickly determine the mineral content of the weathered crust.

[0013] Preferably, the weathered crust samples collected in step 4) are subjected to field rare earth ion leaching-titration qualitative analysis to preliminarily determine the mineralization of the weathered crust. In the early stage of mineral exploration, samples from weathered crust strata with good rare earth ion leaching-titration qualitative analysis are collected for chemical analysis to obtain 15 component data of ionic rare earth. Then, the ratio of the total leaching amount of light rare earth oxides to the total leaching amount of heavy rare earth oxides is calculated. If the ratio is less than 1, it indicates the presence of heavy rare earth minerals.

[0014] Preferably, in step 4), the sample collected is sent to the laboratory to test the 15 components of the ionic phase rare earth, and the ratio of the total leaching amount of light rare earth oxides to the total leaching amount of heavy rare earth oxides (SLREO / SHREO) is calculated. If the (SLREO / SHREO) value is less than 1, it indicates the presence of heavy rare earth minerals. Then, the heavy rare earth ore body is delineated according to the "Mineral Geological Exploration Specification for Rare Earth" (DZ / T 0204-2022). The 15 components are the oxide leaching amounts of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Y.

[0015] The technical solution provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention combines the technologies of "ion adsorption type heavy rare earth mineral enrichment mechanism + bedrock mineralogical characteristics + geochemical characteristic parameter extraction + GIS spatial technology + field rare earth ion leaching-titration qualitative analysis" in low and medium mountainous areas to achieve rapid search for ion adsorption type heavy rare earth minerals, greatly improving the success rate and efficiency of ion adsorption type heavy rare earth mineral exploration in low and medium mountainous areas, saving costs and shortening the exploration time. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for prospecting heavy rare earth minerals in weathered crusts in low and medium mountainous areas according to the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 The images show the prospecting results of ion adsorption-based heavy rare earth minerals in Examples 1 and 2. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Example 1 An ion-adsorption type heavy rare earth ore deposit in a low-to-mid mountainous area of ​​Yunnan (Area A) Figure 1 The mineral exploration method and process shown are carried out.

[0019] (1) The Y / Ce ratio and Dy / Ce ratio were processed from the original data of the 1:200000 stream sediment measurement and analysis of the target area. Combined with the Y-Nb combination anomaly, areas with Y / Ce>0.9 and Dy / Ce>0.2 were screened, and two favorable mineralization areas of ion adsorption type heavy rare earth minerals were delineated.

[0020] (2) For the two mineralization favorable areas of ion adsorption type heavy rare earth deposits delineated above, the raw data of 1:50000 stream sediment measurement and analysis were collected and processed for Y / Ce ratio and Dy / Ce ratio. Based on the large-area distribution of measurement points with Y / Ce>0.9 and Dy / Ce>0.2, one prospecting target area for ion adsorption type heavy rare earth deposits was delineated.

[0021] (3) For the ion adsorption type heavy rare earth mineral exploration target area delineated in step (2), collect the bedrock geochemical data in the target area, and narrow down the ion adsorption type heavy rare earth mineral exploration target area based on the distribution area of ​​sphene-bearing bedrock with Y / Ce>0.9 and Dy / Ce>0.2.

[0022] (4) For the above-mentioned narrowed ion adsorption type heavy rare earth mineral exploration target area, GIS spatial analysis technology and DEM digital elevation were used to extract the micro-topography of the weathering crust development of the south-facing 20°~30° hillside, hill and ridge, and to determine the ion adsorption type heavy rare earth mineral exploration target.

[0023] (5) For the ion adsorption type heavy rare earth mineral exploration target determined in step (4), weathering crust samples are collected in the field according to the development of the weathered layer, using manual impact sampling drills and soil stripping engineering.

[0024] (6) The weathered crust sample was subjected to rare earth ion leaching-titration qualitative analysis. The steps were as follows: the collected whole weathered layer sample was placed in conical filter paper and fully soaked in 5% ammonium sulfate solution for filtration to obtain the leaching solution; saturated oxalic acid solution was added dropwise to the leaching solution. The mineral content of the weathered crust could be preliminarily judged according to the turbidity of the solution, so as to achieve the purpose of rapid evaluation. The turbidity of the solution can be divided into no suspension, slightly suspension, obvious suspension, obvious flocculent matter, flocculent matter with a small amount of precipitation, and flocculent matter with a large amount of precipitation. No suspension, slightly suspension and obvious suspension represent weak ion-type rare earth mineralization, while obvious flocculent matter, flocculent matter with a small amount of precipitation and flocculent matter with a large amount of precipitation represent strong ion-type rare earth mineralization. The strength of rare earth mineralization in the weathering crust was determined based on the degree of flocculent matter observed in the experiment. For strongly mineralized rare earth layers, samples were collected using the reduction method and the groove method and sent to the laboratory for analysis and testing of 15 rare earth components (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y).

[0025] (7) Based on the laboratory analysis results, calculate the total amount of ion-phase light rare earth oxides leached (La2O3, CeO2, Pr6O3). 11 The ratio of SLREO (98 ppm for Nd2O3, Sm2O3, Eu2O3, i.e., SLREO) to the total leaching of heavy rare earth oxides (Gd2O3, Tb4O7, Dy2O3, Ho2O3, Er2O3, Tm2O3, Yb2O3, Lu2O3, Y2O3, i.e., SHREO, i.e., 104 ppm) (SLREO / SHREO) is 0.94, which is less than 1, and SREO is ≥0.020%, indicating the presence of ion-adsorption type heavy rare earth minerals in the area.

[0026] through Figure 1 Following the mineral exploration method described, an ion-adsorption type heavy rare earth deposit was successfully discovered in a certain area (Area A) in western Yunnan. Figure 2 ).

[0027] Example 2 An ion-adsorption type heavy rare earth ore deposit in a certain area (Area B) in the low-to-mid mountainous region of Yunnan Province, according to Figure 1 The mineral exploration method and process shown are carried out.

[0028] (1) The Y / Ce ratio and Dy / Ce ratio were processed from the original data of the 1:200000 stream sediment measurement and analysis of the target area. Combined with the Y-Nb combination anomaly, areas with Y / Ce>0.9 and Dy / Ce>0.2 were screened, and three favorable mineralization areas of ion adsorption type heavy rare earth minerals were delineated.

[0029] (2) For the three mineralization favorable areas of ion adsorption type heavy rare earth deposits identified above, the original data of 1:50000 soil measurement and analysis were collected and processed for Y / Ce ratio and Dy / Ce ratio. Based on the large-area distribution of measurement points with Y / Ce>0.9 and Dy / Ce>0.2, two prospecting target areas of ion adsorption type heavy rare earth deposits were delineated.

[0030] (3) Collect geochemical data of bedrock within the two target areas for ion adsorption type heavy rare earth mineral exploration identified in step (2). Based on the distribution area of ​​sphene-bearing bedrock with Y / Ce > 0.9 and Dy / Ce > 0.2, narrow down the target areas for ion adsorption type heavy rare earth mineral exploration.

[0031] (4) For the above-mentioned narrowed ion adsorption type heavy rare earth mineral exploration target area, GIS spatial analysis technology and DEM digital elevation were used to extract the micro-topography of the weathering crust of the southeast and southwest slopes, hills and ridges at 20°~30°, and to determine the ion adsorption type heavy rare earth mineral exploration target.

[0032] (5) For the above-mentioned ion adsorption type heavy rare earth mineral exploration targets, the weathering crust samples were collected in the field by manual impact sampling drills and soil stripping engineering based on the development of the weathered layer.

[0033] (6) The weathered crust sample was subjected to rare earth ion leaching-titration qualitative analysis. The steps were as follows: the collected whole weathered layer sample was placed in conical filter paper and fully soaked in 5% ammonium sulfate solution for filtration to obtain the leaching solution; saturated oxalic acid solution was added dropwise to the leaching solution. The mineral content of the weathered crust could be preliminarily judged according to the turbidity of the solution, so as to achieve the purpose of rapid evaluation. The turbidity of the solution can be divided into no suspension, slightly suspension, obvious suspension, obvious flocculent matter, flocculent matter with a small amount of precipitation, and flocculent matter with a large amount of precipitation. No suspension, slightly suspension and obvious suspension represent weak ion-type rare earth mineralization, while obvious flocculent matter, flocculent matter with a small amount of precipitation and flocculent matter with a large amount of precipitation represent strong ion-type rare earth mineralization. The strength of rare earth mineralization in the weathering crust was determined based on the degree of flocculent matter observed in the experiment. For strongly mineralized rare earth layers, samples were collected using the reduction method and the groove method and sent to the laboratory for analysis and testing of 15 rare earth components (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y).

[0034] (7) Based on the laboratory analysis results, calculate the total amount of ion-phase light rare earth oxides leached (La2O3, CeO2, Pr6O3). 11The ratio of the total leaching amounts of light rare earth oxides (Nd2O3, Sm2O3, and Eu2O3, respectively) to the total leaching amounts of heavy rare earth oxides (Gd2O3, Tb4O7, Dy2O3, Ho2O3, Er2O3, Tm2O3, Yb2O3, Lu2O3, and Y2O3, respectively) in the three samples (Gd2O3, Tb4O7, Dy2O3, Ho2O3, Er2O3, Tm2O3, Yb2O3, Lu2O3, and Y2O3, respectively) (SLREO / SHREO) in the three samples was less than 1, and SREO was ≥0.020%, indicating the presence of ion-adsorption type heavy rare earth minerals in the area.

[0035] through Figure 1 Following the mineral exploration method described, an ion-adsorption type heavy rare earth deposit was successfully discovered in a certain area (Area B) in western Yunnan. Figure 2 ).

[0036] The various embodiments of the present invention have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for prospecting and exploring ion-adsorption type heavy rare earth deposits in low and medium mountainous areas, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: 1) Reprocess the raw geochemical data and use eigenvalues ​​to screen favorable areas for ion adsorption type heavy rare earth mineralization; 2) Collect geochemical data of bedrock rocks in the target area, and further delineate the prospecting target area of ​​ion adsorption type heavy rare earth mineralization using the characteristic parameters of the parent rock of heavy rare earth mineralization. 3) Based on the ion adsorption type heavy rare earth mineral exploration target area delineated in step 2), extract the favorable micro-geomorphic units for mineralization using GIS spatial analysis technology and DEM digital elevation. 4) Based on the favorable micro-geomorphic units for mineralization extracted in step 3), weathering crust samples were collected using manual impact sampling drills and soil stripping engineering. Then, the weathering crust samples were subjected to field rare earth ion leaching-titration qualitative analysis to quickly verify whether there are mineralization anomalies in the heavy rare earth prospecting target area.

2. The prospecting and exploration method for ion adsorption type heavy rare earth deposits in low and medium mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1) specifically includes: S1: The raw data of the 1:200000 stream sediment measurement and analysis in the target area were processed by Y / Ce ratio and Dy / Ce ratio. Combined with the Y-Nb combined anomaly, areas with Y / Ce > 0.9 and Dy / Ce > 0.2 were screened to delineate the favorable mineralization areas of ion adsorption type heavy rare earth minerals. S2: For the favorable mineralization area of ​​ion adsorption type heavy rare earth ore delineated in S1, collect the raw data of 1:50000 stream sediment measurement and analysis, process the Y / Ce ratio and Dy / Ce ratio, and delineate the prospecting target area of ​​ion adsorption type heavy rare earth ore based on the large-area distribution area of ​​measurement points with Y / Ce>0.9 and Dy / Ce>0.

2.

3. The prospecting and exploration method for ion adsorption type heavy rare earth deposits in low and medium mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), the characteristic parameters of the parent rock of heavy rare earth minerals are that the parent rock of heavy rare earth minerals contains heavy rare earth accessory minerals such as high silicon, high potassium, high alkali, and high sphene. Among them, high silicon means that the mass percentage of SiO2 in the parent rock of heavy rare earth accessory minerals is >70%, high potassium means that the mass percentage of K2O in the parent rock of heavy rare earth accessory minerals is >5%, high alkali means that the mass percentage of K2O and Na2O in the parent rock of heavy rare earth accessory minerals is >8%, and high sphene means that the mineral content in the parent rock of heavy rare earth accessory minerals is >0.1%; and the Y / Ce value is greater than 0.

9.

4. The prospecting and exploration method for ion adsorption type heavy rare earth deposits in low and medium mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), the distribution areas of bedrock parent rocks of heavy rare earth mineralization with Y / Ce > 0.9 and Dy / Ce > 0.2 are screened and superimposed on the favorable mineralization areas of ion adsorption type heavy rare earth mineralization selected in step 1) to narrow down the prospecting target area.

5. The prospecting and exploration method for ion adsorption type heavy rare earth deposits in low and medium mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3), digital elevation model (DEM) and GIS spatial analysis technology are used to screen micro-geomorphic units with favorable development in the exposed weathered crust areas of highway slopes and steep embankments, and the weathered crust covered areas of mountain ridges and hills.

6. The prospecting and exploration method for ion adsorption type heavy rare earth deposits in low and medium mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4), the weathered crust sample collected is subjected to field rare earth ion leaching-titration qualitative analysis to obtain 15 component data of ionic rare earth. Then, the ratio of the total leaching amount of light rare earth oxides to the total leaching amount of heavy rare earth oxides is calculated. If the ratio is less than 1, it indicates the presence of heavy rare earth minerals.

7. The prospecting and exploration method for ion adsorption type heavy rare earth deposits in low and medium mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The 15 ionic rare earth elements include La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Y.

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