Method and system for testing performance of building envelope coupled with sky cooling and heating radiation effect

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of building thermal test, solve the technical problem of low accuracy of the test of the building envelope performance due to the lack of sky background radiation cold effect in the prior art, provide a kind of coupling sky cold and hot radiation effect's building envelope performance test method and system, the method comprises: according to weather database, establish equivalent sky effective temperature control model;According to equivalent sky effective temperature control model, test environment parameter control module is obtained by testing environment parameter;According to testing environment parameter, the real-time test data of the building envelope test piece under the control of testing environment parameter is obtained by testing data acquisition module;Real-time test data is analyzed by testing data analysis module, and test result is obtained.The present application introduces controllable equivalent sky effective temperature model, effectively solves the problem of lack of sky background radiation cold effect in the prior art, and the deviation of test result and actual building service environment is large.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of building thermal test, and particularly relates to a building envelope performance test method and system coupled with sky cold and heat radiation effect. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous improvement of building energy saving and green development requirements, the thermal performance test and evaluation method of building envelope is increasingly valued. The traditional building thermal performance test method is mainly based on the principle of steady-state heat transfer, for example, the heat box method adopted by the current specification, by establishing one-dimensional steady-state heat transfer conditions, maintaining constant temperature on both sides of the hot box and cold box, measuring the heat generation and temperature difference on both sides of the metering heat box, and calculating the steady-state heat transfer coefficient of the measured building envelope. This method can evaluate the thermal stability and conduction performance of the building envelope, but only reflects the thermal behavior of the material under constant temperature difference conditions, and cannot effectively simulate the dynamic thermal processes such as day and night temperature difference, solar radiation and radiation heat dissipation in actual buildings.

[0003] Under actual service conditions, the heat transfer process of building envelope is influenced by the coupling of solar shortwave radiation, sky longwave radiation, air convection heat exchange and material internal heat conduction. The existing experimental method for dynamic thermal performance test in the industry usually only introduces a periodically changing comprehensive temperature on the basis of the steady-state heat box to simulate the external climate conditions, although it can reproduce solar radiation and temperature changes to some extent, it still lacks the reproduction of the cold effect of sky background longwave radiation, resulting in significant deviation between laboratory test results and actual building environment. Especially under the background of the rapid development of radiation refrigeration technology, this deficiency is more prominent.

[0004] In recent years, radiation refrigeration type and spectrum selective coating building envelope has gradually become a new direction of building energy saving. Such materials have high reflectivity in the 0.3-2.5 μm shortwave band of sunlight, which can effectively reduce solar heat absorption; at the same time, they have high emissivity in the 8-13 μm atmospheric window longwave band, which can realize radiation heat dissipation by taking the outer space (about -270 ℃) as a cold source. However, the existing laboratory dynamic test device fails to introduce the real sky radiation cold source, and the longwave heat dissipation of the test piece is generally low, resulting in significant amplification of the measurement error of the cooling performance and dynamic heat transfer coefficient of the radiation refrigeration type building envelope. For example, under the typical meteorological conditions in Guangzhou in summer, the test results show that the test temperature error of concrete roof during the day and night can reach 13.8% and 22.4%, respectively.

[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to establish an experimental method that can couple the sky cold and heat radiation effect to truly reproduce the full-spectrum dynamic heat transfer behavior of building envelope under natural meteorological conditions in the laboratory environment, and improve the accuracy and reliability of the thermal performance evaluation of high-efficiency intelligent building envelope. SUMMARY

[0006] Therefore, the embodiment of the present application provides a building envelope performance test method and system coupled with sky cold and hot radiation effects to solve the problem of low accuracy of building envelope performance test due to lack of sky background radiation cooling effect in the prior art.

[0007] In the first aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a building envelope performance test method coupled with sky cold and hot radiation effects, applied to a building envelope performance test device coupled with sky cold and hot radiation effects, the device comprising a building envelope test piece, a test environment parameter control module, a test data acquisition module and a test data analysis module, and the method comprising:

[0008] Obtaining a preset meteorological database for building envelope performance test;

[0009] According to the meteorological database, an equivalent sky effective temperature control model is established;

[0010] According to the equivalent sky effective temperature control model, the test environment parameters are obtained by the test environment parameter control module;

[0011] According to the test environment parameters, the real-time test data of the building envelope test piece under the control of the test environment parameters are obtained by the test data acquisition module;

[0012] The real-time test data are analyzed by the test data analysis module to obtain the test results.

[0013] In the second aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a building envelope performance test system coupled with sky cold and hot radiation effects, comprising at least one processor, at least one memory and computer program instructions stored in the memory, when the computer program instructions are executed by the processor, the building envelope performance test method coupled with sky cold and hot radiation effects in the first aspect is realized.

[0014] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0015] The embodiment of the present application provides a building envelope performance test method and system coupled with sky cold and hot radiation effect, the method comprises the following steps: obtaining a preset meteorological database for building envelope performance test; establishing an equivalent sky effective temperature control model according to the meteorological database; obtaining test environment parameters through the test environment parameter control module according to the equivalent sky effective temperature control model; obtaining real-time test data of the building envelope test piece under the control of the test environment parameters through the test data acquisition module according to the test environment parameters; and analyzing the real-time test data through the test data analysis module to obtain a test result. The building envelope performance test method and system coupled with sky cold and hot radiation effect are constructed, the controllable equivalent sky effective temperature model is introduced under the laboratory conditions, the solar shortwave radiation and the sky longwave radiation cold source effect in the natural meteorological environment are truly reproduced, and therefore the technical problems that the sky background radiation cold effect is lacked in the existing experimental method and the deviation of the test result from the actual building service environment is large are effectively solved. Specifically, first, the equivalent sky effective temperature control model is established based on the meteorological database, the radiation heat exchange conditions in the limited space are equivalent to the radiation characteristics of the infinite sky by introducing the angle coefficient correction; then the indoor and outdoor temperature, humidity, wind speed and sky radiation parameters are dynamically PID controlled through the test environment parameter control module, and the repeatable full-spectrum dynamic boundary conditions are formed; on this basis, the test data acquisition module obtains the heat conduction, convection and radiation heat transfer information of the test piece through multiple groups of temperature, heat flow and long and short wave radiation probes, and obtains the subheat flow through the heat balance calculation; further, the longwave radiation heat transfer coefficient, the convection heat transfer coefficient and the total heat transfer coefficient of the test piece surface are calculated according to Newton's law, and the dynamic thermal performance of the building envelope is accurately evaluated. Through the method, the dynamic heat transfer process of the day and night temperature difference, the solar radiation and the sky cold source synergistic effect can be truly reproduced in the laboratory, and the credibility and accuracy of the identification and verification of the radiation cooling type, the spectral selectivity and the dynamic adjustable type high-efficiency intelligent building envelope thermal performance are greatly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced as follows, and other drawings can be obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without any creative labor on the premise that these drawings are within the protection scope of the present application.

[0017] Figure 1 is the overall flow schematic diagram of the building envelope performance test method coupled with sky cold and hot radiation effect in the embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0018] Figure 2 is the overall structure arrangement schematic diagram of the laboratory in the embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0019] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of target sensors on the upper surface of the test piece in Embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0020] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the process of analyzing the real-time test data by the test data analysis module to obtain test results in Embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0021] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the building envelope performance test system coupled with the sky cold and hot radiation effect in the embodiment of the present application;

[0022] The reference signs in the drawings are as follows:

[0023] 1-outside building envelope environment; 2-inside building envelope environment; 3-humidity and wind speed sensor; 4-temperature and humidity sensor; 5-building envelope test piece; 6-shortwave radiation sensor; 7-thermocouple temperature sensor; 8-heat flow sensor; 9-upper surface of the test piece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only configured to explain the present application and are not configured to limit the present application. The present application can be implemented without some of these specific details for those skilled in the art. The following description of the embodiments is only to provide a better understanding of the present application by showing examples of the present application.

[0025] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second and the like can only be used to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or apparatus that includes a list of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, article or apparatus. Without more limitations, the elements defined by the statement "comprising" do not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus that includes the elements.

[0026] It should be noted that all actions of obtaining signals, information or data in the present application are carried out in compliance with the corresponding data protection regulations and policies of the place, and with the authorization given by the owner of the corresponding device.

[0027] Embodiment 1

[0028] See Figure 1 The embodiment of the present application provides a building envelope performance test method coupling sky cold and hot radiation effects, applied to a building envelope performance test device coupling sky cold and hot radiation effects, the device comprises a building envelope test piece, a test environment parameter control module, a test data acquisition module and a test data analysis module.

[0029] Specifically, the building envelope performance test device coupling sky cold and hot radiation effects aims to truly reproduce the dynamic heat transfer process of the building envelope under natural meteorological conditions in a laboratory environment, and the whole device comprises a building envelope test piece, a test environment parameter control module, a test data acquisition module and a test data analysis module. The building envelope test piece is used for simulating different types of building outer walls, roofs or coating structures, and can be a light-transmitting or non-light-transmitting material; a plurality of temperature sensors and heat flow sensors are arranged on the building envelope test piece, and are used for monitoring the heat conduction and temperature change of the test piece surface in real time. The test environment parameter control module is used for constructing controllable indoor and outdoor experimental environments, and is used for accurately controlling the indoor and outdoor temperatures, relative humidity, wind speed and sky radiation intensity and other key parameters by using an equivalent sky effective temperature control model established by associating a meteorological database and a PID closed-loop adjustment mode, so that the day and night cycles and the dynamic changes of sky cold and hot radiation are simulated. The test data acquisition module comprises long-wave and short-wave radiation probes and target sensor arrays arranged at different directions of the test piece, and is used for synchronously collecting incident, reflected and transmitted heat flow data of the test piece under different radiation conditions, and comprehensively recording the heat conduction, convection and radiation heat transfer processes. The test data analysis module is used for pre-processing, time sequence synchronization and heat balance calculation of the collected multi-source real-time data, and is used for calculating the itemized heat flow of the test piece surface and the long-wave radiation heat transfer coefficient, the convection heat transfer coefficient and the total heat transfer coefficient based on Newton's law and the principle of energy conservation, so that the quantitative analysis and accurate evaluation of the dynamic thermal performance of the building envelope are realized.

[0030] The method comprises:

[0031] acquiring a preset meteorological database for building envelope performance test;

[0032] Specifically, the weather database refers to a set of weather parameters used to simulate outdoor environment, including temperature, humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, cloud cover, and possibly long-wave radiation intensity, etc. For example, hourly weather observation data or historical weather simulation data can be used, covering different seasons and weather conditions throughout the year. Each data point in the database reflects the climatic factors that may affect the thermal performance of the enclosure in the real environment. The weather database provides reliable and repeatable outdoor environment input for the experiment. By using standardized weather database, the authenticity and comparability of the experimental environment can be ensured, and the experimental results can reflect the thermal response characteristics of the enclosure in actual application. The data obtained through the preset database can provide an accurate basis for subsequent establishment of laboratory equivalent environment model. First, the weather database file (such as Excel table or database interface) is read, various weather parameters are parsed, and data cleaning is performed, such as removing missing values, outliers and discontinuous data. In order to enhance the flexibility of the experiment, data screening and interpolation processing can also be performed, so that the database can cover both routine weather conditions and extreme weather conditions. In addition, the database can be standardized for storage, making it easy to call and compare between different experiments. Through the obtained weather data, high-precision, controllable and repeatable environmental parameter input is provided for the experiment, which can greatly improve the scientificity and reliability of the enclosure performance test, avoid experimental errors caused by uncontrollable external climate factors, and thus support more accurate thermal performance evaluation.

[0033] According to the weather database, an equivalent sky effective temperature control model is established;

[0034] Specifically, the equivalent sky effective temperature refers to a reference temperature value set in a limited space of a laboratory to simulate the influence of real sky long-wave radiation on the building envelope. It takes into account the sky radiation intensity, cloud cover, air temperature and humidity, and the angle coefficient relationship between the test piece and the background, and can reproduce the sky cooling and heating radiation effect in the indoor environment. By converting the complex and uncontrollable natural sky long-wave radiation conditions into controllable parameters that can be realized in the laboratory, the experimental environment can approach the real outdoor conditions, so as to accurately measure the thermal response of the building envelope under the coupling of cooling and heating radiation. By establishing a model, the original parameters in the meteorological database can be mapped to the controllable temperature, humidity and radiation setting values in the laboratory. First, it is judged whether the horizontal long-wave radiation intensity data is contained in the meteorological database. If it is contained, the ideal sky effective temperature is calculated by the radiation conversion formula; if it is not contained, the sky effective temperature is estimated by using the empirical formula. Subsequently, according to the relationship between the experimental space and the test piece layout, the sky effective temperature is corrected by the angle coefficient to obtain the equivalent sky effective temperature control model. The model can be combined with the laboratory environment control equipment through the PID regulator to realize real-time regulation and control. In order to further improve the accuracy, the temperature uniformity of different azimuth radiation plates, the influence of the distance between the test piece and the radiation plate, and the dynamic adjustment strategy can also be considered. The influence of the natural sky long-wave radiation is converted into controllable laboratory parameters, and is corrected in combination with the geometric layout of the test piece, so as to realize the simulation of the real environment. The beneficial effect lies in that the experimental results are closer to the actual application scene, the data usability and reliability are improved, and at the same time the performance of the building envelope under different climate conditions can be systematically analyzed.

[0035] According to the equivalent sky effective temperature control model, the test environment parameters are obtained through the test environment parameter control module;

[0036] Specifically, the test environment parameter control module refers to the environmental control system in the laboratory, including temperature and humidity controller, wind speed simulator, solar simulation light source and long-wave radiation plate and other equipment. It can realize accurate control of temperature, humidity, wind speed and radiation intensity in the experimental section according to the input model set value. The equivalent sky effective temperature model is converted into actual operable experimental conditions, so that the environmental parameters suffered by the test piece accurately meet the design requirements. This step is the key link to ensure the accuracy and reliability of subsequent test data. By real-time acquisition and control of environmental parameters, it can ensure that the test piece is tested under simulated real climate conditions. The equivalent sky effective temperature and related indoor and outdoor environmental parameters are input into the control module. The control module continuously collects sensor feedback such as indoor and outdoor temperature, humidity, wind speed and radiation intensity through PID adjustment algorithm and makes dynamic adjustment. For example, when the outdoor temperature measured by the sensor is lower than the model set value, the system automatically adjusts the power of the heater or the radiation plate to ensure that the temperature reaches the set value; at the same time, the wind speed simulator adjusts the fan speed according to the set wind speed to ensure that the convection condition is stable. For solar radiation and sky long-wave radiation, the module can realize simulation by real-time adjustment of light source brightness and radiation plate temperature. Through the coupling of the environmental parameter control module and the equivalent sky model, high-precision, multi-parameter environmental simulation is realized. Its beneficial effects are that it can provide repeatable, adjustable and real experimental conditions for the building envelope, thereby improving the accuracy and generalizability of the experimental results.

[0037] According to the test environment parameters, the test data acquisition module acquires real-time test data of the building envelope test piece under the control of the test environment parameters;

[0038] Specifically, the test data acquisition module refers to a sensor system used for real-time monitoring and recording the surface and internal state of the test piece, including temperature sensors, humidity sensors, heat flow meters, short-wave radiometers, long-wave radiometers, etc., for collecting the thermal response data of the building envelope under controlled environment. Real thermal behavior data of the test piece under experimental environment is obtained, including the temperature of the outer surface and the inner surface, the heat flow and the radiation heat exchange. These data are the basis for calculating the heat transfer coefficient and evaluating the thermal performance. By collecting real-time data, the dynamic thermal response characteristics of the test piece can be captured, providing reliable data support for fine analysis and model verification. First, start the data acquisition task according to the environmental parameters, and the sensors collect data at preset intervals. For example, the short-wave radiometer measures solar radiation absorption and reflection, the long-wave radiometer measures sky radiation and test piece self-radiation, and the heat flow meter measures heat conduction heat flow. The collected data are filtered, amplified and calibrated by the signal processing unit of the acquisition module to eliminate noise and errors. The data can be stored in the database at the same time for subsequent calculation and analysis. For light-transmitting and non-light-transmitting test pieces, the data processing method is slightly different, for example, considering the transmission heat. By synchronously obtaining the thermal response data of the test piece under various environmental parameters and distinguishing the radiation and convection contribution, the beneficial effects are to ensure the integrity and high precision of the data, to provide sufficient basis for thermal performance analysis, and to capture the dynamic response of the building envelope under complex environment.

[0039] The test data analysis module analyzes the real-time test data to obtain test results.

[0040] Specifically, the test data analysis module refers to a computing unit or software system for processing and analyzing collected data. It can calculate temperature, radiation, and heat flow data based on the principle of heat balance and heat transfer equations to obtain various thermal performance indicators of the building envelope, such as short-wave radiation heat transfer, long-wave radiation heat transfer coefficient, convective heat transfer coefficient, and total heat transfer coefficient. The original sensor data is converted into indicators that can be used for performance evaluation. Through system analysis, the thermal characteristics of the test piece under different environmental conditions can be obtained, guiding the optimization of building envelope design and energy efficiency evaluation. Data analysis can also verify the accuracy of the experimental method and provide a reference for model calibration. First, short-wave and long-wave radiation data are calculated separately according to the type of the test piece (transparent or non-transparent). Combined with the heat flow meter measured heat conduction and convective heat transfer, Newton's cooling law and energy balance formula are used to calculate the heat transfer coefficient and total heat transfer coefficient. During the analysis process, data smoothing, outlier rejection, and error estimation methods can be used to improve accuracy, and time series curves or statistical indicators can be generated to present the dynamic characteristics of the test piece's thermal performance. The module can also aggregate multiple experimental results to obtain average values and standard deviations for performance evaluation. By combining radiation and convective coupling analysis methods, high-precision, multi-index thermal performance calculation is achieved, providing scientific and quantitative experimental results for building envelope thermal design, energy efficiency evaluation, and environmental adaptability research, while supporting subsequent optimization experiments and practical engineering applications.

[0041] Preferably, the establishing an equivalent sky effective temperature control model according to the meteorological database comprises:

[0042] judging whether there is horizontal long-wave radiation intensity in the meteorological database, to obtain a judgment result;

[0043] Specifically, the horizontal long-wave radiation intensity refers to the long-wave infrared radiation power density (unit: W / m²) from the sky and the environment on the ground horizontal plane, which can be directly measured or obtained through meteorological observation. For example, global horizontal long-wave radiation data provided by a meteorological station reflects the thermal influence of night sky cold radiation on the building exterior surface. By judging whether the meteorological database contains direct parameters for calculating sky radiation, the establishment method of the ideal sky effective temperature control model is determined.

[0044] establishing an ideal sky effective temperature control model according to the judgment result;

[0045] Specifically, the ideal sky effective temperature control model refers to a theoretical sky temperature calculated according to meteorological database parameters, used to simulate the influence of sky long-wave radiation on the building envelope. This model is not limited by the physical boundaries of the laboratory, assumes that the sky is an infinite black body, and can accurately reflect the thermal action of natural sky radiation conditions on the test piece. By providing a controllable and achievable reference temperature value for the laboratory environment, the idealized model can simplify the complex radiation effects of the natural environment into an operable temperature parameter, thereby guiding the laboratory temperature control equipment settings and achieving the simulation of the test piece surface radiation load. If the horizontal long-wave radiation intensity exists in the database, the long-wave radiation power density is converted into the ideal sky effective temperature through a radiation conversion formula. For example, the temperature is inversely calculated using the Stefan-Boltzmann law. If the data does not contain this parameter, the sky effective temperature is estimated by using an empirical formula combined with the air dry bulb temperature, dew point temperature and cloud cover parameters. After the model is established, the temperature time series can be output to control the laboratory radiation plate or heating device to achieve dynamic simulation. In order to improve the accuracy, data processing steps such as filtering, interpolation and outlier rejection can also be added.

[0046] Preferably, the ideal sky effective temperature control model is established according to the judgment result, comprising:

[0047] According to the judgment result, if the long-wave radiation intensity exists, the ideal sky effective temperature is established according to the long-wave radiation intensity and the Stefan-Boltzmann constant;

[0048] Specifically, the Stefan-Boltzmann constant is a physical constant used to calculate the relationship between black body radiation power and temperature, and its value is Through this constant, the measured horizontal long-wave radiation intensity can be converted into the corresponding equivalent temperature, thereby quantifying the thermal action of sky radiation on the building envelope, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0049]

[0050] wherein, is the horizontal long-wave radiation intensity, is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant; the existing long-wave radiation data is directly used to establish the ideal sky temperature model, ensuring that the laboratory simulation conditions can accurately reflect the level of sky long-wave radiation in the natural environment, thereby improving the authenticity of the thermal performance test.

[0051] If the long-wave radiation intensity does not exist, the ideal sky effective temperature control model is established according to the air dry bulb temperature, air relative humidity and cloud cover parameters in the meteorological database.

[0052] Specifically, the air dry-bulb temperature refers to the air temperature without considering the humidity effect, which is the most commonly used air temperature measurement parameter; the air relative humidity represents the ratio of the water vapor content in the air to the maximum possible water vapor content at the temperature; and the cloud cover parameter represents the proportion of the sky covered by clouds, which is usually represented by 0-1 or 0-8 levels. Through these three parameters, the sky long-wave radiation can be estimated using an empirical formula to establish the ideal sky effective temperature. When the long-wave radiation intensity is lacking in the meteorological database, the sky radiation effect is calculated through other meteorological indicators, so that the laboratory can still obtain controllable and realistic sky temperature, and the thermal environment simulation of the enclosure structure is realized. This method makes up for the lack of direct measurement data, making the experimental method more widely applicable.

[0053] Preferably, the ideal sky effective temperature control model is established according to the air dry-bulb temperature, the air relative humidity and the cloud cover parameter in the meteorological database if the long-wave radiation intensity is absent, comprising:

[0054] The air dew point temperature is calculated according to the air dry-bulb temperature and the air relative humidity;

[0055] Specifically, the air dry-bulb temperature refers to the air temperature directly measured by a thermometer, which is used to represent the thermal state of the air; the air relative humidity is the ratio of the actual water vapor pressure in the air to the saturated water vapor pressure at the same temperature, which is expressed in percentage and is used to reflect the water vapor content in the air. When the air temperature is high or the humidity is large, the water vapor is easy to condense to form dew, and the temperature at which the water vapor in the air begins to saturate is called the dew point temperature. For example, in meteorological observation, if the air temperature is 30°C and the relative humidity is 60%, the dew point temperature is about 21°C, indicating that the air will saturate and condense when cooled to 21°C. The purpose of calculating the air dew point temperature is to obtain a parameter that can represent the water vapor content and radiation characteristics of the air in the absence of direct long-wave radiation intensity data. Because the water vapor in the air is an important absorption and emission medium for long-wave radiation, the dew point temperature can be used to indirectly reflect the radiation characteristics of the atmosphere, thereby providing a basis for subsequent equivalent sky emissivity calculation. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0056]

[0057] wherein, is the air dew point temperature, is the air dry-bulb temperature, is the air relative humidity. Through this calculation, a dew point temperature sequence can be automatically generated in the experimental control system for dynamic simulation of the influence of humidity on radiation characteristics. Since the dew point temperature can comprehensively reflect the water vapor content and its radiation ability in the air, using it to establish the subsequent radiation model can significantly improve the simulation accuracy of the actual sky radiation cooling effect, especially in climate conditions with frequent humidity changes, which can effectively avoid the system error caused by ignoring the water vapor radiation characteristics.

[0058] According to the air dew point temperature and the cloud amount parameter, an equivalent sky emissivity considering cloud amount is calculated;

[0059] Specifically, the equivalent sky emissivity is a dimensionless coefficient for describing the radiation capacity of the sky, and the value range is usually between 0 and 1, and the higher the value, the stronger the radiation capacity of the sky. The cloud amount parameter is used to characterize the coverage of the cloud layer in the sky, and usually takes a value between 0 and 10, where 0 represents a clear sky and 10 represents a completely overcast day. Since the cloud layer can significantly enhance the long-wave radiation emission of the atmosphere, the correction effect of the cloud amount should be considered in the ideal model. The purpose of calculating the emissivity is to establish a parameter that can reflect the combined radiation effect of atmospheric water vapor and cloud layer to make up for the defect that the radiation characteristics of the real sky cannot be directly simulated in the laboratory. By introducing the dew point temperature and the cloud amount factor together, an estimated value of the radiation intensity closer to the actual sky condition can be obtained, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0060]

[0061] wherein, The equivalent sky emissivity considering cloud amount is N, and the cloud amount parameter is quantitatively corrected by a mathematical model to cause the sky emissivity to no longer depend on humidity, but to dynamically reflect the change of weather state. In this way, under the dynamic experimental conditions of alternating clear days and overcast days or thinning of the cloud layer, the temperature control of the laboratory radiation cold source can more truly reproduce the radiation characteristics of the natural sky, thereby improving the accuracy of the test of the thermal performance of the enclosure structure.

[0062] According to the equivalent sky emissivity and the air dry-bulb temperature, the ideal sky effective temperature control model is established.

[0063] Specifically, the ideal sky effective temperature is a parameter for describing the thermodynamic characteristics of the sky radiation cold source, which can be understood as the "equivalent temperature of the sky in long-wave radiation heat exchange", and is usually lower than the actual air temperature. This parameter reflects the comprehensive effect of absorption and reflection of the sky on the radiation of ground objects, and is an important boundary condition for calculating radiation heat transfer in building thermal analysis. Using the equivalent sky emissivity obtained, the air temperature is converted into an "equivalent temperature" with radiation significance for the sky radiation plate in the experimental device to perform temperature control simulation. In other words, the model converts the atmospheric radiation effect into a controllable physical variable, thereby reproducing the radiation cold characteristics of the infinite sky in the limited space of the laboratory. The ideal sky effective temperature control model is as follows:

[0064]

[0065] wherein, The ideal sky effective temperature is modified according to the angle coefficient to obtain the equivalent sky effective temperature control model. The technology not only makes up for the defects of the existing steady-state heat box that cannot reflect the role of the sky cold source, but also provides standardized and repeatable test conditions for performance evaluation of new types of enclosure structures such as radiation refrigeration coating and passive cooling roof.

[0066] According to the radiation equivalence principle of the limited space in the laboratory and the actual infinite sky, the angle coefficient between the test piece and the long-wave radiation cold source of the laboratory sky is obtained.

[0067] Specifically, the angle coefficient refers to the geometric factor between the outer surface of the test piece and the laboratory radiation source, which reflects the spatial proportion of the test piece receiving or emitting radiation. In simple terms, the angle coefficient represents the coverage of the laboratory radiation plate in the test piece visual angle, for example, the angle coefficient is larger when the test piece faces the radiation plate, and the angle coefficient decreases when it deviates from the center. The radiation conditions in the limited space laboratory are equivalent to the actual infinite sky conditions, so that the test piece receives the same amount of long-wave radiation in the laboratory as in the real sky conditions. This step is the key to converting the ideal model into an operable experimental condition, ensuring that the heat flow measured in the experiment is consistent with the real environment. The angle coefficient is obtained through geometric calculation or CAD modeling. First, a three-dimensional model of the laboratory and the test piece is established to determine the relative position of the test piece surface and the radiation plate. Then, the projection ratio of each radiation plate unit to the test piece surface is calculated to obtain the angle coefficient matrix. The angle coefficient can be dynamically adjusted according to the height or position of the test piece in the experimental section to reflect the contribution of different heights or positions to radiation. To improve accuracy, multiple sampling points can be arranged on the test piece surface, and the angle coefficient of each point is calculated by weighting.

[0068] According to the angle coefficient, the ideal sky effective temperature control model is modified to obtain the equivalent sky effective temperature control model.

[0069] Specifically, the equivalent sky effective temperature control model refers to the laboratory implementation model obtained by modifying the ideal sky effective temperature with the angle coefficient, so that the test piece receives the same amount of radiation in the laboratory as in the real sky. The ideal sky temperature itself does not consider the space limitations of the laboratory, but after modification by the angle coefficient, the amount of long-wave radiation received by each test piece surface in the laboratory is consistent with the actual sky, achieving accurate simulation of experimental conditions. The ideal sky effective temperature is combined with the angle coefficient of the test piece and the laboratory radiation source to calculate the modified equivalent temperature. The specific process of modifying the ideal sky effective temperature control model using the angle coefficient is as follows:

[0070]

[0071] wherein, represents the equivalent sky effective temperature, and the unit is °C. represents the temperature of the test piece, in °C; represents the angle coefficient of the test piece and the long-wave radiation cold source of the laboratory sky, ε lab represents the equivalent long-wave emissivity of the radiation plate or space in the laboratory environment for simulating the sky background radiation cold source, reflecting the true degree of radiation capacity of the cold source, for correcting the radiation energy balance between the limited space and the real sky; the ideal sky effective temperature control model is corrected by the angle coefficient, to realize the accurate controllability of the laboratory radiation conditions. Its beneficial effect is to ensure that the experimental results are more realistic and repeatable, and at the same time, the radiation load on the building envelope in dynamic thermal performance testing is highly consistent with the actual environment.

[0072] Preferably, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall laboratory structure, presenting the complete test space zoning and sensor configuration from indoor to outdoor. The outdoor side enclosure environment 1 is provided with a plurality of thermocouple temperature sensors 7 at the top inclined roof, for measuring the roof temperature distribution to simulate the influence of sky radiation; the outdoor side enclosure environment is equipped with several groups of temperature, humidity and wind speed sensors 3 for controlling and recording the external air conditions, while the short-wave radiation sensors 6 are arranged on the outer surface of the test piece and around it for detecting external radiation input. The roof area represents a controllable radiation cold source or light simulation device for reproducing diurnal temperature variation and solar radiation conditions. The central position is the test area of the enclosure test piece 5, which penetrates the indoor and outdoor environments, and is the core area for studying the heat and moisture transfer characteristics of the building envelope. The indoor side enclosure environment 2 forms a stable constant temperature and humidity space through equipment control, for simulating the typical use conditions of the indoor side of the test piece. A plurality of temperature and humidity sensors 4 are arranged in the indoor side enclosure environment 2 for real-time monitoring of temperature and humidity, thereby providing accurate feedback for the PID control system. The entire laboratory realizes accurate control through data feedback and PID automatic adjustment of the sensors on the inside and outside: the indoor maintains a stable thermal and humid state, and the outdoor changes dynamically according to the time sequence meteorological data, both of which together constitute a symmetrical and controllable thermal and humid coupling boundary condition, providing a real and repeatable experimental environment for dynamic heat transfer, moisture transfer and radiation response testing of building envelopes.

[0073] According to the equivalent sky effective temperature control model, the test environment parameters obtained by the test environment parameter control module include:

[0074] A first target parameter for indoor side experiments is obtained, wherein the first target control parameter includes a first target temperature and a first target relative humidity;

[0075] Specifically, the first target parameter refers to the control target value preset for the indoor side simulation environment before the experiment, which represents the thermal and humid state of the building interior under typical use conditions. The first target temperature is usually selected as a comfortable environment temperature, such as 26°C, to simulate the indoor thermal environment, and the first target relative humidity is the indoor humidity control target, such as 60%, to reflect the indoor air humidity characteristics. Unlike the outdoor dynamic environment, the indoor parameters are generally maintained relatively stable to investigate the response of the envelope to external thermal and humid disturbances under constant indoor conditions. By establishing the indoor boundary conditions, the experiment has consistent indoor thermal and humid inputs as the real building use scenario, thereby ensuring that the envelope thermal response analysis has physical meaning and comparability. Without setting a stable indoor reference environment, it is difficult to distinguish whether the heat flow change is caused by external disturbance or internal fluctuation in the experiment, resulting in experimental data that cannot effectively reflect the dynamic heat transfer characteristics of the envelope. Through the parameter setting module in the experimental control system, the target temperature and humidity values are input and loaded into the PID control logic. The temperature and humidity sensors collect indoor environmental parameters in real time and compare them with the target values, and the system automatically adjusts the air conditioning refrigeration and heating devices, humidifiers or dehumidifiers and other equipment to make the environment stable. A certain period of stable operation is required before the experiment starts, and the indoor temperature and humidity deviation should be controlled within ±0.3°C and ±2%RH. Through this step, a stable and controllable reference environment is formed inside the laboratory, which provides a stable reference for subsequent external dynamic boundary application and envelope thermal response testing, thereby improving the experimental repeatability and data reliability.

[0076] According to the preset time sequence target meteorological data for the outdoor side experiment and the equivalent sky effective temperature control model, the target sky effective temperature is calculated;

[0077] Specifically, the time-series target meteorological data refers to the hourly external environmental parameters obtained according to a typical meteorological year or measured data, including air temperature, humidity, wind speed, solar radiation intensity, and cloud amount. The role thereof is to provide dynamic input of external thermal environment changes for experimental simulation. The "equivalent sky effective temperature control model" is the aforementioned model established by means of dew point temperature and cloud amount, and is used to reflect the real temperature characteristics of the sky radiation cold source. The dynamic external meteorological conditions are combined with the sky radiation cold effect, so as to calculate a "target sky effective temperature" curve changing with time. The temperature is the control target of the laboratory sky radiation plate, and is used to reproduce the radiation cold and hot effects of the natural sky on the building outer surface in the day and night alternation. First, an input time-series meteorological data file (for example, an Excel or database format) is read, and then the equivalent sky effective temperature model is called in a time step (for example, 1 minute or 1 hour), and the meteorological data (air temperature, humidity, and cloud amount) at the current time is input, so as to automatically calculate the corresponding sky effective temperature value. If the experimental scene includes different climate zone simulation (for example, summer sunny day or high-humidity night), the system can generate multiple sets of control curves according to the scene switching different parameter sets. The target sky effective temperature calculated will be the upper computer instruction signal of the experimental system, and is transmitted to the radiation cold source control module.

[0078] According to the time-series target meteorological data and the target sky effective temperature, a second target parameter for outdoor side experiment is determined, wherein the second target parameter includes a second target temperature, a second target relative humidity, a target wind speed, and a target sky effective temperature;

[0079] Specifically, the second target parameter refers to a set of target values of the environment control outside the laboratory, used to comprehensively simulate the external atmospheric thermal environment. It not only includes air temperature, humidity and wind speed, but also contains the target sky effective temperature obtained in the previous step, to jointly represent the external boundary conditions of the three main heat transfer mechanisms of radiation, convection and humidity. By combining meteorological time series data with sky radiation model results, a complete set of dynamic control curves of the external environment is formed to drive the external simulation device (such as a wind tunnel, a radiation plate, a heating plate, etc.) to realize multi-factor coordinated control. Unlike traditional experiments that only control a single temperature or radiation source, this scheme can reproduce the complex changes of the natural environment over time, improving the authenticity of the test. The meteorological data at each time step is fused with the target sky effective temperature. Based on air temperature and wind speed, the ventilation and heating modules are controlled, the relative humidity drives the humidification and dehumidification module, and the target sky effective temperature controls the surface temperature of the radiation cold source plate. If the system has multi-point sensing feedback function, the uniformity of the external space can also be adjusted in real time. The complete second target parameter curve (such as a 24-hour change graph) can be generated before the experiment, and loaded point by point in time sequence during the test, forming a periodic dynamic experimental boundary. Through the synchronous dynamic change of the temperature, humidity, wind speed and sky radiation conditions of the external experimental environment, the heat exchange process of the building envelope surface is kept highly consistent with the actual building external environment, thereby significantly improving the environmental fidelity of the experiment and the applicability of the results.

[0080] According to the first target parameter and the second target parameter, the test environment parameters are obtained by PID adjustment of the experimental environment in combination with the first real-time environmental parameters of the indoor side experiment and the second real-time environmental parameters of the outdoor side experiment.

[0081] Specifically, PID regulation refers to a proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm, which is a common automatic regulation technique used in experiments and industrial processes. The algorithm dynamically adjusts the control variable by calculating the deviation between the target value and the current value in real time, to achieve high-precision parameter stability control. Test environment parameters refer to the comprehensive environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and radiation in the experimental device after PID dynamic adjustment. By keeping the actual environmental parameters of the indoor and outdoor experimental partitions synchronized with the target values, it is ensured that the experimental conditions are completely consistent with the theoretical settings throughout the dynamic experiment. Due to the time-varying external parameters in the experiment, if closed-loop regulation is not performed, the response delay of the environmental equipment will cause a deviation between the target and the actual, affecting the accuracy of the envelope structure heat flow measurement. Real-time temperature, humidity, wind speed, and radiation data from multiple sensors in the indoor and outdoor environments are collected and compared with the first and second target parameters, and the deviation values are input into the PID controller after calculation. The controller adjusts the heating, cooling, humidifying, dehumidifying, wind speed regulation, and radiation plate temperature control signals according to the proportional, integral, and derivative terms, so that the deviation gradually tends to zero. To improve accuracy, adaptive PID or fuzzy PID algorithms can be used, with different response time constants and control gains set for different parameter channels to achieve multi-variable collaborative regulation.

[0082] Preferably, the test data acquisition module includes a target sensor and a target radiation probe, and if the envelope specimen is an opaque specimen, the target radiation probe includes a first radiation probe and a second radiation probe, the first radiation probe includes a first long-wave radiation probe and a first short-wave radiation probe, the second radiation probe includes a second long-wave radiation probe and a second short-wave radiation probe, and the test surface of the first radiation probe faces in the opposite direction of the test surface of the second radiation probe.

[0083] Specifically, an opaque specimen refers to an envelope material that cannot transmit solar radiation or long-wave radiation, such as a concrete wall, a metal roof, or an insulation board system. The heat transfer of such specimens is mainly achieved through reflection and absorption processes, so it is necessary to measure the amount of radiation received and reflected from different directions. The long-wave radiation probe is used to measure the infrared radiation power with a wavelength greater than 3 μm to reflect heat radiation heat exchange, while the short-wave radiation probe is used to measure the solar radiation energy with a wavelength of 0.3-3 μm to reflect the solar energy absorption situation. The test surfaces of the two probes face in opposite directions, indicating that one group faces outward to collect incident radiation and the other group faces inward to collect reflected radiation, so that net radiation heat flow data can be obtained at the same time. By arranging the radiation probes in both directions, the absorption and reflection of heat in different wavebands on the outer surface of the envelope structure can be accurately distinguished, and the real-time calculation of the net radiation heat exchange on the surface can be realized. Since the opaque structure does not allow radiation transmission, its heat transfer is mainly composed of radiation absorption, reflection, and conduction, so this arrangement scheme can realize a complete energy conservation detection framework.

[0084] If the envelope specimen is a light-transmitting specimen, the target radiation probe includes a third radiation probe, a fourth radiation probe and a fifth radiation probe, the third radiation probe includes a third long-wave radiation probe and a third short-wave radiation probe, the fourth radiation probe includes a fourth long-wave radiation probe and a fourth short-wave radiation probe, a test surface of the third radiation probe faces in an opposite direction to a test surface of the fourth radiation probe, and the fifth radiation probe is arranged in an indoor side test environment of the envelope specimen and includes a fifth long-wave radiation probe and a fifth short-wave radiation probe;

[0085] Specifically, the light-transmitting specimen refers to an envelope structure capable of transmitting part of solar radiation or infrared radiation, such as a glass curtain wall, a daylighting roof or a transparent insulation board. Unlike non-light-transmitting materials, the radiation transfer of the light-transmitting specimen includes not only absorption and reflection but also transmission, and therefore an additional measurement point needs to be provided to measure the radiant energy transmitted through the specimen. The third radiation probe and the fourth radiation probe correspond to measurements in the incident and reflection directions, similar to the functions of the first and second probes in the non-light-transmitting case, but the fifth radiation probe is added to measure the transmitted radiation, forming a complete energy flow path detection system. The full-link measurement system for the radiation transfer of the light-transmitting specimen is established, and the radiant energy data of the incident, reflected and transmitted radiation are collected by the three groups of probes, so as to realize accurate energy balance analysis. This design is particularly suitable for transparent materials with spectral selectivity or heat-reflecting coatings, and can reflect the light-transmitting property and thermal resistance performance at the same time, providing experimental basis for evaluating the energy-saving performance and comfort of the materials.

[0086] Before the real-time test data of the envelope specimen under the control of the test environment parameters is acquired by the test data acquisition module according to the test environment parameters, the method further includes:

[0087] Obtaining diagonal direction, size information and center position information of the envelope specimen;

[0088] Specifically, the diagonal direction refers to the direction of the line connecting two corners of a rectangular or square area on the surface of the specimen, which is used to determine the reference axis of the sensor distribution; the size information includes geometric parameters such as the length, width and height of the specimen; and the center position information is the center point position of the specimen in the coordinate system of the experimental device, which is used to guide the spatial arrangement of the radiation probe and the sensor. The diagonal direction is used to define the arrangement path of the sensor, and the center position information is used to determine the relative relationship between the specimen and the experimental equipment, providing a geometric basis for subsequent measurement point arrangement and ensuring that the sensor distribution direction is consistent with the dominant direction of the heat flow, so as to reflect the spatial uniformity of the temperature field and the heat flow field. If these geometric parameters are lacking, the measurement points may be distributed asymmetrically or deviate from the key area, resulting in insufficient representativeness of the experimental data.

[0089] The size is measured automatically by a test piece design drawing or a laser ranging system, the center position coordinates are obtained, and a test piece coordinate system is established in a data acquisition system. After the experimental personnel input the geometric parameters in the software interface, the system automatically generates the reference line arrangement, which provides input for the next step of calculating the layout position.

[0090] According to the diagonal direction, the arrangement direction of a plurality of target sensors is obtained, wherein the target sensors include a temperature sensor and a heat flow sensor;

[0091] Specifically, please refer to Figure 3 The target sensors include a thermocouple temperature sensor 7 arranged on the upper surface 9 of the test piece for measuring the surface temperature and a heat flow sensor 8 for measuring the heat flow density. The arrangement direction of the two indicates the spatial distribution trend of the two along the diagonal direction on the test piece surface, so that the measuring points span the high temperature and low temperature areas to capture the temperature gradient, and the purpose is to ensure that the measuring point arrangement can reflect the heat distribution characteristics of the test piece surface. Since in the dynamic thermal experiment, different areas of the outer surface are unevenly affected by radiation and convection, the diagonal arrangement can comprehensively represent the overall thermal response characteristics and avoid local deviation. According to the input diagonal direction, an arrangement vector is automatically generated to guide the positioning of the sensor mounting bracket or the wiring groove. The experimental operator arranges a plurality of measuring points along the specified direction, and keeps the sensor surface parallel to the test piece surface to ensure the consistency of the measurement. This design unifies the direction of the temperature and heat flow sampling points and reasonably distributes them, effectively reduces the bias error of the measuring points, and improves the spatial resolution accuracy of the test piece surface temperature and heat flow field.

[0092] According to the size information, the diagonal length of the envelope structure test piece is calculated;

[0093] Specifically, the diagonal length refers to the actual distance between two points on the diagonal of the test piece surface, which is a key geometric parameter for subsequent uniform distribution point calculation. The purpose is to provide a basis for calculating the sensor uniform distribution point, so that the sensor spacing is uniform and the sampling result is representative. If the spacing is not uniform or the calculation is not accurate, it may lead to sparse sampling in some areas, thereby affecting the accuracy of the heat flow distribution curve. The test piece size data is automatically read and the calculation module is executed to obtain the diagonal length, and the result is stored in the arrangement algorithm. For non-standard shape test pieces, the accurate length can also be obtained by laser ranging point cloud calculation.

[0094] According to the diagonal length, the arrangement direction and the preset arrangement number of the target sensor, the diagonal line of the envelope structure test piece is uniformly divided to obtain the arrangement position information of each target sensor;

[0095] Specifically, the equal division processing refers to dividing the diagonal line of the test piece into equal segments according to the number of sensors, so as to determine the arrangement coordinates of the sensors. For example, when 3 groups of measuring points are set, the diagonal line is equally divided into three segments, and each segment has one measuring point position at the end point. The purpose is to realize equal distribution of the sensors in space, so that the sampling results can represent the temperature and heat flow change trend of the whole surface. If the distribution is dense or sparse and uneven, the measurement representativeness and the subsequent interpolation calculation accuracy will be affected.

[0096] arranging the target sensor on the upper surface of the envelope test piece according to the arrangement position information;

[0097] Specifically, the upper surface arrangement means that all temperature and heat flow sensors are located on the side exposed to the external environment, for directly monitoring the thermal behavior of the external surface. This is because the external surface is simultaneously affected by solar radiation, wind speed and sky radiation cold source, and is the main heat exchange interface. The purpose is to ensure that the collected temperature and heat flow data can truly reflect the surface response under the action of the external thermal environment. The internal surface is less affected by the indoor environment, and therefore the external surface distribution is the key to the dynamic thermal experiment. The sensors are usually fixed by using heat-conducting glue or thin film, and a transparent protective cover is added on the outer layer to prevent wind interference; the wiring is collected along the edge of the surface to the data acquisition controller. After installation, the zero point and response accuracy of each channel are verified through a calibration program. Through this arrangement, the temperature fluctuation and heat flow density change of the external surface can be captured in real time, forming high-precision time series data, which provides core input for calculating the convective heat transfer coefficient and the radiation heat transfer amount.

[0098] judging whether the envelope test piece is a light-transmitting test piece or a non-light-transmitting test piece;

[0099] If the envelope test piece is a non-light-transmitting test piece, arranging the target radiation probe at a target position separated from the center of the envelope test piece by a preset distance according to the center position information;

[0100] Specifically, the preset distance refers to the interval distance of arranging the probe at a certain distance from the center of the test piece along the normal direction or the surface, which is usually 10-20 cm, so as to ensure that the measurement field of view of the probe covers the entire test piece area. The "target radiation probe" includes a first radiation probe and a second radiation probe for measuring incident and reflected radiation. The purpose is to realize synchronous measurement of the incident and reflected radiation energy of the surface in the non-light-transmitting test piece experiment. By arranging the probe near the center of the test piece, edge effect interference can be avoided, and the representativeness of the measurement data is ensured. According to the center position information, the position of the probe installation support is determined, the upper probe collects the sky incident radiation, and the lower probe collects the test piece reflected radiation. After installation, the probe output is ensured to be accurate through blackbody calibration or radiation flux verification. This arrangement makes the measurement directions of the incident and reflected radiation strictly correspond, avoids angle errors, and improves the accuracy of the calculation of the radiation heat transfer amount, which is a key link in the non-light-transmitting test piece test.

[0101] If the envelope specimen is a light-transmitting specimen, the third and fourth radiation probes are arranged at target positions at a preset distance from the center of the envelope specimen according to the center position information, and a fifth radiation probe is arranged in the indoor side test environment of the envelope specimen.

[0102] Specifically, the third and fourth radiation probes are respectively used for measuring incident and reflected radiation, and the "fifth radiation probe" is arranged on the indoor side for measuring transmitted radiation energy. The three together constitute a light-transmitting specimen radiation energy balance measurement system, the purpose of which is to completely measure the incident, reflected and transmitted radiation of a light-transmitting material to establish an energy balance relationship and analyze the energy transfer characteristics of the material in different wave bands. This method is particularly important for spectrally selective or radiation refrigeration type transparent materials. The third and fourth probes are arranged on the outer surface at corresponding positions above and below according to the center coordinates, and the interval is kept consistent; the fifth probe is arranged on the indoor side parallel to the specimen, and the test surface faces the specimen. The signals of the three are collected simultaneously for calculating the transmission ratio, reflection ratio and absorption ratio. In order to reduce interference, an infrared shielding cover and an anti-glare support can be used. Through three-point corresponding sampling + double-wave band synchronous detection, full-wave band energy flow analysis of the light-transmitting envelope structure is realized, which significantly improves the quantitative description ability of its thermal-optical performance, and provides accurate experimental basis for building energy-saving design and material optimization.

[0103] Preferably, referring to Figure 4 , the analysis of the real-time test data by the test data analysis module to obtain a test result comprises:

[0104] If the envelope specimen is a light-transmitting specimen, the third and fourth radiation probes are arranged at target positions at a preset distance from the center of the envelope specimen according to the center position information, and a fifth radiation probe is arranged in the indoor side test environment of the envelope specimen.

[0105] Specifically, the light-transmitting specimen refers to an envelope structure that does not have the ability to transmit solar radiation and long-wave radiation, such as a concrete roof or a metal outer wall, and its heat transfer is mainly composed of absorbed radiation, reflected radiation and heat conduction process. The first sub-item heat flow is the comprehensive heat flow formed by the decomposition of the heat balance process on the outer surface of the specimen, respectively calculating the solar short-wave, long-wave radiation and heat conduction transmission, which is used to represent the energy balance of the light-transmitting specimen. By combining the data of the heat flow sensor and the bidirectional radiation probe, the net absorbed heat on the surface of the specimen is accurately calculated, and the energy relationship between external radiation, convection and heat conduction is revealed. Since the light-transmitting specimen does not have transmitted energy, the net heat flow on its surface is equal to the difference between the incident radiation and the reflected radiation plus the conduction heat, so the real incident energy conversion efficiency can be obtained through this calculation.

[0106] If the envelope specimen is a light-transmitting specimen, a second sub-item heat flow is calculated according to the specimen upper surface heat flow collected by the target sensor, the third radiation heat flow collected by the third radiation probe, the fourth radiation heat flow collected by the fourth radiation probe, and the fifth radiation heat flow collected by the fifth radiation probe;

[0107] Specifically, the light-transmitting specimen refers to an envelope structure capable of transmitting part of short-wave or long-wave radiation, such as a glass curtain wall, a daylighting roof, etc., and its radiation energy transmission includes absorption, reflection and transmission. The second sub-item heat flow refers to the net heat flow after quantifying the heat energy transmission path of the light-transmitting specimen, and is an experimental characterization of the comprehensive effect of three-dimensional radiation transmission and heat conduction. By completely establishing the energy balance equation of the light-transmitting envelope structure, by measuring the incident, reflected and transmitted radiation components through multiple probes, the net heat of the specimen surface and the transmitted energy are accurately calculated, so as to evaluate the light-heat performance and radiation selectivity characteristics of the material. Unlike the non-light-transmitting specimen, the total heat change of the light-transmitting material depends not only on reflection and absorption, but also on transmission energy, so three-way radiation data fusion must be performed.

[0108] Preferably, if the envelope specimen is a non-light-transmitting specimen, calculating the first sub-item heat flow according to the specimen upper surface heat flow collected by the target sensor, the first radiation heat flow collected by the first radiation probe, and the second radiation heat flow collected by the second radiation probe includes:

[0109] According to the first radiation heat flow and the second radiation heat flow, a first target radiation flow received and reflected by the outer surface of the specimen is obtained, wherein the first target radiation flow includes a first short-wave radiation flow and a first long-wave radiation flow;

[0110] Specifically, the first radiation heat flow is the incident radiation energy collected by the first radiation probe arranged towards the sky direction, representing the total radiation power received by the specimen surface from the external environment (including solar radiation and sky radiation); the second radiation heat flow is collected by the second radiation probe arranged towards the specimen direction, for indicating the radiation energy reflected back to the outside by the specimen surface. The difference between the two reflects the absorption capacity of the specimen to the incident radiation. The so-called "first target radiation flow" refers to the result of dividing the above two direction radiation heat flows by wave band, wherein the short-wave radiation corresponds to the solar radiation part, and the long-wave radiation corresponds to the infrared thermal radiation part. The total radiation signal is divided into short-wave and long-wave components in the receiving and reflecting directions, laying a data foundation for subsequent calculation of solar heat gain and long-wave heat dissipation. By distinguishing the wave band and direction, the energy distribution characteristics of radiation transmission can be accurately described.

[0111] The first solar radiation heat gain of the specimen surface is obtained by difference calculation on the first short-wave radiation flow received and reflected by the outer surface of the specimen;

[0112] Specifically, solar radiation heat gain refers to the net heat absorbed by the surface of a specimen under shortwave radiation, i.e., the difference between incident solar radiation and reflected solar radiation. This quantity reflects the absorption capacity of the building envelope surface for solar energy and is a key parameter affecting the building's cooling load. The absorption efficiency of shortwave radiation on the specimen surface is calculated using the energy difference method, providing a basis for subsequent heat balance and temperature rise analysis. Because opaque specimens have high solar reflectivity, the directly measured absorbed energy is easily affected by surface characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate measurement bias by using the difference between incident and reflected radiation data. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0113] q fs =q fs,a -q fs,r

[0114] in, These represent the heat transfer from the first shortwave radiation received and reflected by the outer surface of the specimen, respectively, in W / m2; The heat gain from the first solar radiation on the outer surface of the specimen is expressed in W / m².

[0115] The difference between the first long-wave radiation flow received and reflected by the outer surface of the specimen is calculated to obtain the heat gain of the first long-wave radiation on the surface of the specimen.

[0116] Specifically, longwave radiation heat gain refers to the net radiative heat transfer between the specimen surface and the sky in the infrared band (3–100 μm). Unlike shortwave radiation, longwave radiation is mainly affected by ambient temperature and surface emissivity, and can be either absorbed (when cold radiation is strong at night) or exothermic (when radiation is enhanced during the day). The aim is to separate the independent contribution of longwave radiation to the heat balance in order to analyze the radiative heat dissipation or heat absorption behavior of the surface under different meteorological conditions. By calculating the difference between incident and reflected longwave radiation, the net longwave radiation power of the specimen surface can be quantitatively described. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0117]

[0118] in, These represent the heat transfer from first long-wave radiation received and reflected by the outer surface of the specimen, respectively, in W / m². 2 ; The heat gain from the first long-wave radiation on the outer surface of the specimen, expressed in W / m². 2 By independently extracting changes in long-wave radiation energy, a quantitative assessment of the radiation cooling source effect can be achieved. This directly reflects the radiative heat dissipation capacity of the outer surface of the building envelope under day-night alternation, and is a key measurement indicator for the study of radiation-cooled materials and passively cooled roofs.

[0119] Based on the first solar radiation heat gain, the first long-wave radiation heat gain, and the heat flow on the upper surface of the specimen, combined with the heat balance relationship of the specimen surface, the first convective heat transfer on the specimen surface is calculated.

[0120] Specifically, convective heat transfer refers to the amount of heat exchanged between the surface of a specimen and the surrounding airflow caused by air movement, typically determined by the air temperature difference and wind speed. Calculating this amount requires establishing a surface energy balance relationship, substituting known radiative heat gain and conductive heat transfer to deduce the convective heat transfer. By solving the convective heat transfer equation through the heat balance equation, the convective component of the three heat transfer mechanisms (radiation, convection, and conduction) can be further separated, thus revealing the heat exchange characteristics of the specimen surface more comprehensively. Since direct measurement of convective heat transfer is difficult, this method achieves this through energy conservation inverse calculation, the specific process of which is as follows:

[0121] ;

[0122]

[0123] in, Net radiative heat transfer on the outer surface of the specimen, in W / m². The heat transfer during the first convective heat transfer on the outer surface of the specimen is expressed in W / m². The heat conduction on the outer surface of the specimen is expressed in W / m². The latent heat transfer on the outer surface of the specimen is expressed in W / m²; the specimen is a dry specimen with no moisture evaporation. The result is 0; the convective heat transfer is obtained through the energy conservation inversion method, avoiding the error of traditional empirical formulas under complex flow fields. It can dynamically and accurately reflect the influence of wind speed and temperature difference on surface heat dissipation, and provide a quantitative basis for improving the ventilation structure and airflow organization of building exterior surfaces.

[0124] The first component heat flow is determined based on the first solar radiation heat gain, the first long-wave radiation heat gain, and the first convective heat transfer.

[0125] Preferably, if the enclosure structure specimen is a light-transmitting specimen, the second component heat flow is calculated based on the heat flow on the upper surface of the specimen collected by the target sensor, the third radiative heat flow collected by the third radiation probe, the fourth radiative heat flow collected by the fourth radiation probe, and the fifth radiative heat flow collected by the fifth radiation probe.

[0126] Based on the third and fourth radiative heat flows, a second target radiation flow is obtained that is received, reflected, and transmitted by the outer surface of the specimen, wherein the second target radiation flow includes a second short-wave radiation flow and a second long-wave radiation flow;

[0127] Specifically, the third radiant heat flow is the incident radiant energy collected by the third radiation probe facing the external environment, representing the total radiant power received by the light-transmitting test piece from the outside world; the fourth radiant heat flow is collected by the fourth radiation probe facing the surface of the test piece, representing the radiant energy reflected by the test piece to the outside world. Unlike the non-light-transmitting test piece, the light-transmitting test piece also allows part of the radiation to pass through the test piece into the room, so it is necessary to consider the three forms of radiation, i.e. reception, reflection and transmission. The "second target radiant flow" is a comprehensive description of the above three types of radiant flow, in which the short-wave radiant flow represents the solar energy component, and the long-wave radiant flow represents the thermal infrared energy component. By establishing a waveband separation model of energy exchange on the outer surface of the light-transmitting material, the energy channels of short-wave and long-wave, reception and reflection, transmission and absorption are distinguished, providing complete input data for subsequent radiant heat calculation. Unlike non-light-transmitting materials, the radiation components here are more complex and must be separated in multiple directions to ensure energy conservation. The output signals of the third and fourth radiation probes are read respectively, and are converted into incident and reflected radiant power density values through the instrument calibration coefficient. The experimental control program splits the signals into short-wave and long-wave components according to the response waveband of the probe, and introduces the transmission radiation data provided by the fifth probe, forming a "reception-reflection-transmission" three-group corresponding short-wave and long-wave radiation data table in the database. This data constitutes a complete set of "second target radiant flow", establishing a multi-channel radiant energy acquisition model that considers the radiant exchange process of three radiation directions and two types of wavebands. Its beneficial effects are that the measurement of energy transfer of light-transmitting test piece is more comprehensive and accurate, and it provides a scientific basis for distinguishing the light-transmitting, reflecting and absorbing properties of materials.

[0128] The second solar radiant heat gain of the test piece surface is obtained by difference calculation of the second short-wave radiant flow received, reflected and transmitted by the outer surface of the test piece;

[0129] Specifically, the second solar radiant heat gain refers to the net absorption heat of the light-transmitting test piece under the action of solar short-wave radiation, and three components, i.e. incident, reflected and transmitted, need to be considered in calculation. Unlike non-light-transmitting materials that only need to consider incident and reflected, the heat gain of light-transmitting materials depends on their spectral transmission characteristics, i.e. the transmitted part of energy does not participate in surface temperature rise. The net absorption energy in the short-wave band is calculated by energy difference, quantifying the absorption efficiency of the light-transmitting test piece to solar radiation. This result directly reflects the solar energy utilization characteristics of the material and its impact on indoor heat load, and is an important parameter for evaluating energy-saving glass or spectral selective film. Its calculation formula is:

[0130]

[0131] wherein, is the second short-wave radiant flow transmitted by the outer surface of the test piece, with the unit of W / m2; The second long-wave radiation heat exchange amount transmitted by the outer surface of the test piece, unit: W / m2. The three-way difference method is used to calculate the short-wave energy absorption amount, which can accurately identify the energy absorption ratio of the light-transmitting material in the solar radiation wave band, thereby guiding the energy-saving glass design and coating spectrum matching optimization.

[0132] The second long-wave radiation flow received, reflected and transmitted by the outer surface of the test piece is calculated by difference, and the second long-wave radiation heat gain of the test piece surface is obtained;

[0133] Specifically, the second long-wave radiation heat gain refers to the net absorption heat flow of the light-transmitting test piece in the infrared wave band, and the calculation also needs to consider the three parts of incidence, reflection and transmission. This parameter is mainly used to characterize the thermal radiation balance state of the light-transmitting material and its radiation heat dissipation capacity. By analyzing the radiation transmission characteristics of the light-transmitting material in the thermal infrared wave band, the absorption and transmission behaviors are distinguished to evaluate the infrared shielding or radiation heat dissipation effect of the material. Unlike short-wave radiation, long-wave radiation mainly reflects the heat balance process, which is of great significance to the night radiation cooling performance of buildings, and its calculation formula is:

[0134]

[0135] The long-wave energy balance model quantifies the heat radiation exchange, has the ability to distinguish between heat absorption and heat release, can quantitatively evaluate the infrared heat dissipation performance of the light-transmitting test piece in high-temperature or night environment, and supports the parameterization research of radiation cooling building applications.

[0136] According to the second solar radiation heat gain, the second long-wave radiation heat gain and the heat flow on the upper surface of the test piece, and combining the heat balance relationship of the test piece surface, the second convective heat transfer amount of the test piece surface is calculated;

[0137] Specifically, the second convective heat transfer amount refers to the heat exchange amount between the surface of the light-transmitting test piece and the external air through air flow. Since the light-transmitting test piece is often used in exposed environments, its surface is simultaneously affected by solar radiation, sky radiation and air flow, so the known quantities of radiation and heat conduction need to be considered in the energy balance equation to back-calculate the convective heat transfer amount. The purpose of this step is to separate the contribution of convective heat transfer in the total energy transfer, and then evaluate the influence of wind speed and air temperature difference on the thermal response of the light-transmitting structure. Through energy conservation inversion, the uncertainty caused by directly measuring convective heat transfer can be avoided, and the specific process is as follows:

[0138]

[0139] The energy conservation back-calculation method is used to obtain the convective heat transfer amount, which can dynamically compensate the influence of air flow disturbance. Its beneficial effects are to realize the real-time quantitative analysis of the convective heat transfer process of the surface of the light-transmitting test piece, and provide experimental basis for optimizing the design of ventilated curtain wall or air flow control strategy.

[0140] The second sub-item heat flow rate is determined according to the second solar radiation heat gain, the second long-wave radiation heat gain and the second convective heat transfer.

[0141] Specifically, the second sub-item heat flow rate is the total energy exchange obtained by integrating the short-wave radiation, the long-wave radiation and the convective heat transfer, and reflects the net heat flow intensity of the light-transmitting envelope under specific external conditions. It is the summary result of the entire heat balance calculation and the input quantity of the subsequent heat transfer coefficient calculation. By integrating the results of the three heat transfer mechanisms, the overall value of the energy balance of the test piece surface is obtained, thereby forming the core evaluation index of dynamic thermal performance. Through the calculation of the second sub-item heat flow rate, the response speed and energy flux of the transparent envelope to the change of the thermal environment can be directly reflected.

[0142] The first sub-item heat flow rate and the second sub-item heat flow rate are processed respectively to obtain the test result, wherein the test result includes a long-wave radiation heat transfer coefficient, a convective heat transfer coefficient and a total heat transfer coefficient of the test piece surface.

[0143] Specifically, Newton's law here specifically refers to Newton's cooling law, i.e. the thermal relationship that the surface heat transfer quantity is proportional to the temperature difference. The sub-item heat flow rate data obtained in the previous two steps are converted into engineering usable thermal performance parameters, which are used to quantify the heat transfer capacity of the envelope under dynamic meteorological conditions. The long-wave radiation coefficient reflects the radiation heat release capacity of the material, the convective heat transfer coefficient reflects the surface convective heat dissipation characteristics, and the total heat transfer coefficient is a comprehensive performance of the two, which is a key index for building thermal analysis and energy-saving design. According to the real-time measured heat flow rate and temperature difference, the instantaneous heat transfer coefficient is calculated by using Newton's cooling equation, and a plurality of groups of time series data are smoothed and regressed to obtain stable average values. The long-wave radiation coefficient can be converted through the relationship between the radiation energy and the fourth power of the temperature difference, and the convective heat transfer coefficient can be solved by the air flow temperature and the surface temperature difference. Finally, the test result is generated, and the specific process is as follows:

[0144] ;

[0145] ;

[0146] ;

[0147] Wherein, t s represents the test piece outer surface temperature, which refers to the actually measured temperature at the outer surface of the envelope test piece; t d represents the test piece external air flow temperature, which refers to the air temperature in the environment where the test piece surface is located; a fl represents the long-wave radiation heat transfer coefficient, a hrepresents the convective heat transfer coefficient, and a represents the total heat transfer coefficient; the parameterized solution is realized by a dynamic inversion algorithm combining energy conservation and Newton heat transfer model, errors caused by reliance on theoretical empirical formula are avoided, the heat transfer characteristics of different types of envelope structures can be calculated in real time in a laboratory environment and quantified, accurate experimental basis is provided for energy-saving performance evaluation of radiation refrigeration materials, glass curtain walls and high-reflective outer walls, and a standardized reproducible thermal parameter test system is formed.

[0148] Embodiment 2

[0149] In addition, in combination with Figure 1 The building envelope performance test method coupling the sky cold and hot radiation effect described in the embodiments of the application can be realized by a building envelope performance test system coupling the sky cold and hot radiation effect. Figure 5 A hardware structure schematic diagram of the building envelope performance test system coupling the sky cold and hot radiation effect provided by the embodiments of the application is shown.

[0150] The building envelope performance test system coupling the sky cold and hot radiation effect can include a processor and a memory storing computer program instructions.

[0151] Specifically, the processor can include a central processing unit (CPU), or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or can be configured to implement one or more integrated circuits of the embodiments of the application.

[0152] The memory can include a non-persistent memory in a computer readable medium, a random access memory (RAM) and / or a non-volatile memory such as a read-only memory (ROM) or a flash memory (flash RAM). The memory is an example of the computer readable medium.

[0153] Computer-readable media includes permanent and non-permanent, movable and non-movable media, which can be implemented by any method or technology to store information. The information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassette, magnetic tape disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device. According to the definition herein, computer-readable media does not include transitory media such as modulated communication signals and carriers.

[0154] The processor realizes the coupling sky cold and hot radiation effect of the building envelope performance test method in any one of the above embodiments by reading and executing the computer program instructions stored in the memory.

[0155] In one example, the coupling sky cold and hot radiation effect of the building envelope performance test system can also include a communication interface and a bus. Wherein, as shown in Figure 5 The processor 401, the memory 402, and the communication interface 403 are connected through the bus 410 and complete communication between each other.

[0156] The communication interface is mainly used to realize the communication between the modules, devices, units and / or equipment in the embodiments of the application.

[0157] The bus includes hardware, software or both, which couples the components of the coupling sky cold and hot radiation effect of the building envelope performance test system to each other. By way of example, and not limitation, the bus can include an accelerated graphics port (AGP) or other graphics bus, an enhanced industry standard architecture (EISA) bus, a front side bus (FSB), a hypertransport (HT) interconnect, an industry standard architecture (ISA) bus, an infiniband interconnect, a low pin count (LPC) bus, a memory bus, a microchannel architecture (MCA) bus, a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus, a PCI-Express (PCI-X) bus, a serial advanced technology attachment (SATA) bus, a video electronics standards association local (VLB) bus, or other suitable bus or combination of two or more of these. Where appropriate, the bus can include one or more buses. Although specific buses are described and illustrated in the embodiments of the application, the application contemplates any suitable bus or interconnect.

[0158] In summary, the embodiment of the present application provides a building envelope performance test method and system coupled with sky cold and hot radiation effects.

[0159] It is to be understood that the present application is not limited to the particular configurations and processes described herein and illustrated in the drawings. Detailed descriptions of known methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application. In the above-described embodiments, several specific steps are described and illustrated as examples. However, the method processes of the present application are not limited to the specific steps described and illustrated, and one skilled in the art will recognize that various changes, modifications and additions can be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the present application.

[0160] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present application can be supplied as a method, a system or a computer program product. Accordingly, the present application can take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application can take the form of a computer program product on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROMs, optical storage devices, etc.) embodying computer readable program code thereon.

[0161] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams block or blocks. Figure 1 one or more flows and / or blocks Figure 1 means for carrying out the function specified by the flow or flows and / or block or blocks.

[0162] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer- readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instructions means which implement the function specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams flow or flows and / or block or blocks. Figure 1 one or more flows and / or blocks Figure 1 means for carrying out the function specified by the flow or flows and / or block or blocks.

[0163] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams flow or flows and / or block or blocks. Figure 1one or more processes and / or blocks Figure 1 steps of the functions specified in the one or more blocks.

[0164] It should also be noted that the exemplary embodiments described herein are based on a series of steps or devices to describe some methods or systems. However, the present application is not limited to the order of the above steps, that is, the steps can be performed in the order mentioned in the embodiments, or different from the order in the embodiments, or several steps are performed simultaneously.

[0165] The above describes only the specific implementation of the present application, and those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process of the above-described system, module and unit can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, which will not be described here. It should be understood that the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of various equivalent modifications or replacements within the technical range disclosed by the present application, and these modifications or replacements should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for testing the performance of an enclosure coupled to the effects of sky cold and hot radiation, characterized in that, The application relates to a building envelope performance testing device applied to coupling sky cold and hot radiation effects, and the device comprises a building envelope test piece, a test environment parameter control module, a test data acquisition module and a test data analysis module. A preset meteorological database for building envelope performance testing is acquired; An equivalent sky effective temperature control model is established according to the meteorological database; Test environment parameters are acquired through the test environment parameter control module according to the equivalent sky effective temperature control model; Real-time test data of the building envelope test piece under the control of the test environment parameters are acquired through the test data acquisition module according to the test environment parameters; Test results are obtained by analyzing the real-time test data through the test data analysis module; The equivalent sky effective temperature control model is established according to the judgment result, and the method comprises the following steps: It is judged whether the long-wave radiation intensity in the horizontal direction exists in the meteorological database, and a judgment result is obtained; An ideal sky effective temperature control model is established according to the judgment result; An angle coefficient between the test piece and the laboratory sky long-wave radiation cold source is acquired according to the radiation equivalent principle of the laboratory limited space and the actual infinite sky; The ideal sky effective temperature control model is modified according to the angle coefficient, and the equivalent sky effective temperature control model is obtained.

2. The method for testing the performance of a building envelope coupled to the effects of sky cold and hot radiation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ideal sky effective temperature control model is established according to the judgment result, and the method comprises the following steps: If the long-wave radiation intensity exists, the ideal sky effective temperature is established according to the long-wave radiation intensity and the Stefan-Boltzmann constant according to the judgment result; If the long-wave radiation intensity does not exist, an ideal sky effective temperature control model is established according to the air dry bulb temperature, the air relative humidity and the cloud amount parameters in the meteorological database.

3. The method for testing the performance of building envelopes coupled with the effects of cold and hot radiation from the sky, as described in claim 2, is characterized in that... If the long-wave radiation intensity does not exist, an ideal sky effective temperature control model is established according to the air dry bulb temperature, the air relative humidity and the cloud amount parameters in the meteorological database. The air dew point temperature is calculated according to the air dry bulb temperature and the air relative humidity; The equivalent sky emissivity considering the cloud amount is calculated according to the air dew point temperature and the cloud amount parameters; The ideal sky effective temperature control model is established according to the equivalent sky emissivity and the air dry bulb temperature.

4. The method for testing the performance of a building envelope coupled to sky cooling and heating according to claim 1, wherein, The test environment parameters are acquired through the test environment parameter control module according to the equivalent sky effective temperature control model, and the method comprises the following steps: A preset first target parameter for indoor side experiments is acquired, wherein the first target control parameter comprises a first target temperature and a first target relative humidity; A target sky effective temperature is calculated according to preset time sequence target meteorological data for outdoor side experiments and the equivalent sky effective temperature control model; Second target parameters for outdoor side experiments are determined according to the time sequence target meteorological data and the target sky effective temperature, wherein the second target parameters comprise a second target temperature, a second target relative humidity, a target wind speed and a target sky effective temperature; According to the first target parameter and the second target parameter, a first real-time environment parameter of indoor side experiment and a second real-time environment parameter of outdoor side experiment are combined to perform PID adjustment on the experimental environment, so as to obtain the test environment parameter.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the method further comprises: the test data acquisition module comprises target sensors and target radiation probes, if the test piece of the building envelope is a non-light-transmitting test piece, the target radiation probes comprise first radiation probes and second radiation probes, the first radiation probes comprise first long-wave radiation probes and first short-wave radiation probes, and the second radiation probes comprise second long-wave radiation probes and second short-wave radiation probes, and the test surface of the first radiation probes faces in the opposite direction of the test surface of the second radiation probes; if the test piece of the building envelope is a light-transmitting test piece, the target radiation probes comprise third radiation probes, fourth radiation probes and fifth radiation probes, the third radiation probes comprise third long-wave radiation probes and third short-wave radiation probes, the fourth radiation probes comprise fourth long-wave radiation probes and fourth short-wave radiation probes, the test surface of the third radiation probes faces in the opposite direction of the test surface of the fourth radiation probes, and the fifth radiation probes are arranged in the indoor side test environment of the test piece of the building envelope and comprise fifth long-wave radiation probes and fifth short-wave radiation probes; before the step of acquiring real-time test data of the test piece of the building envelope under the control of the test environment parameter through the test data acquisition module according to the test environment parameter, the method further comprises: acquiring diagonal direction, size information and center position information of the test piece of the building envelope; acquiring arrangement directions of a plurality of target sensors according to the diagonal direction, wherein the target sensors comprise temperature sensors and heat flow sensors; calculating a diagonal length of the test piece of the building envelope according to the size information; performing equal division processing on the diagonal of the test piece of the building envelope according to the diagonal length, the arrangement directions and a preset arrangement number of the target sensors, to obtain arrangement position information of each target sensor; arranging the target sensors on the upper surface of the test piece of the building envelope according to the arrangement position information; determining whether the test piece of the building envelope is a light-transmitting test piece or a non-light-transmitting test piece; if the test piece of the building envelope is a non-light-transmitting test piece, arranging the target radiation probes at target positions separated from the center of the test piece of the building envelope by a preset distance according to the center position information; if the test piece of the building envelope is a light-transmitting test piece, arranging the third radiation probes and the fourth radiation probes at target positions separated from the center of the test piece of the building envelope by a preset distance according to the center position information, and arranging the fifth radiation probes in the indoor side test environment of the test piece of the building envelope.

6. The method for testing the performance of a building envelope coupled to sky cooling and heating according to claim 5, wherein, the step of analyzing the real-time test data through the test data analysis module to obtain a test result comprises: If the building envelope specimen is an opaque specimen, a first sub-item heat flow is calculated according to the specimen upper surface heat flow collected by the target sensor, the first radiation heat flow collected by the first radiation probe and the second radiation heat flow collected by the second radiation probe; If the building envelope specimen is a transparent specimen, a second sub-item heat flow is calculated according to the specimen upper surface heat flow collected by the target sensor, the third radiation heat flow collected by the third radiation probe, the fourth radiation heat flow collected by the fourth radiation probe and the fifth radiation heat flow collected by the fifth radiation probe; The first sub-item heat flow and the second sub-item heat flow are processed respectively to obtain the test result, wherein the test result includes a long-wave radiation heat transfer coefficient, a convection heat transfer coefficient and a total heat transfer coefficient of the specimen surface.

7. The method of testing the performance of a building envelope coupled to the effects of sky cooling and heating radiation according to claim 6, wherein, If the building envelope specimen is an opaque specimen, a first sub-item heat flow is calculated according to the specimen upper surface heat flow collected by the target sensor, the first radiation heat flow collected by the first radiation probe and the second radiation heat flow collected by the second radiation probe; A first target radiation flow received and reflected by the specimen outer surface is obtained according to the first radiation heat flow and the second radiation heat flow, wherein the first target radiation flow includes a first short-wave radiation flow and a first long-wave radiation flow; The first short-wave radiation flow received and reflected by the specimen outer surface is calculated by difference to obtain a first solar radiation heat gain of the specimen surface; The first long-wave radiation flow received and reflected by the specimen outer surface is calculated by difference to obtain a first long-wave radiation heat gain of the specimen surface; A first convection heat transfer of the specimen surface is calculated according to the first solar radiation heat gain, the first long-wave radiation heat gain and the specimen upper surface heat flow, combined with a heat balance relationship of the specimen surface; The first sub-item heat flow is determined according to the first solar radiation heat gain, the first long-wave radiation heat gain and the first convection heat transfer.

8. The method for testing the performance of building envelopes coupled with the cold and hot radiation effects of the sky according to claim 6, characterized in that, If the building envelope specimen is a transparent specimen, a second sub-item heat flow is calculated according to the specimen upper surface heat flow collected by the target sensor, the third radiation heat flow collected by the third radiation probe, the fourth radiation heat flow collected by the fourth radiation probe and the fifth radiation heat flow collected by the fifth radiation probe; A second target radiation flow received, reflected and transmitted by the specimen outer surface is obtained according to the third radiation heat flow and the fourth radiation heat flow, wherein the second target radiation flow includes a second short-wave radiation flow and a second long-wave radiation flow; The second short-wave radiation flow received, reflected and transmitted by the specimen outer surface is calculated by difference to obtain a second solar radiation heat gain of the specimen surface; The second long-wave radiation flow received, reflected and transmitted by the specimen outer surface is calculated by difference to obtain a second long-wave radiation heat gain of the specimen surface; A second convection heat transfer of the specimen surface is calculated according to the second solar radiation heat gain, the second long-wave radiation heat gain and the specimen upper surface heat flow, combined with a heat balance relationship of the specimen surface; determining the second subheat flow rate based on the second solar heat gain, the second long-wave radiation heat gain, and the second convective heat transfer.

9. A system for testing the performance of an enclosure coupled to the effects of sky cold and hot radiation, characterized in that, comprising: at least one processor, at least one memory, and computer program instructions stored in the memory that, when executed by the processor, implement the method of any of claims 1-8.

Images