Annular superconducting armature winding topological structure and superconducting motor

Abstract

The invention belongs to the related technical field of superconducting, and discloses an annular superconducting armature winding topological structure and a superconducting motor. The armature winding is a high-temperature superconducting coil, and the high-temperature superconducting coil is embedded into each stator groove in an annular winding structure. Compared with a conventional fractional slot concentrated winding, more winding phase distribution and slot potential distribution can be provided for the superconducting motor, and more design freedom degrees are achieved; the influence of the direction of a magnetic field acting on a winding strip on the performance reduction of the strip can be greatly reduced, and the performance bottleneck caused by high harmonic loss and low slot fullness rate of a traditional concentrated / distributed winding is greatly reduced; the technical problems of alternating current loss accumulation, poor superconducting state stability and insufficient mechanical reliability of the superconducting armature winding in the MW-level aviation motor are effectively solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of superconductivity, and more particularly relates to a ring-shaped superconducting armature winding topology and a superconducting motor. BACKGROUND

[0002] Superconducting motors have great application prospects in aviation propulsion, ship propulsion and wind power applications due to their small size, high power density and high efficiency. As a new motor topology, the ring-shaped superconducting armature winding significantly improves the slot fill factor and optimizes the magnetic field distribution by embedding superconducting coils in the stator slots in a ring shape. Theoretically, it can achieve one order of magnitude lower AC loss than conventional concentrated windings, while taking into account the high fundamental winding factor and harmonic suppression ability of distributed windings, which is a new path for high-power-density aviation motor design.

[0003] Currently, superconducting armature windings mainly adopt concentrated or distributed structures, but both have significant defects: concentrated windings have high harmonic content and high AC loss due to fractional slot design, which can easily cause a vicious temperature cycle; distributed windings are limited by the brittleness of ReBCO superconducting tapes, with a slot fill factor of only 30%-50% of conventional motors, which severely undermines the power density advantage. In addition, the high sensitivity of superconducting materials to perpendicular magnetic fields makes it difficult for traditional winding design to balance electromagnetic performance and loss control, restricting the engineering application of all superconducting motors.

[0004] The existing superconducting armature motor structure lacks a comprehensive design strategy for electromagnetic performance and loss suppression technology of the armature winding at the motor level, making it difficult to meet the stringent requirements of aviation propulsion systems for high-performance motors and high-reliability superconductors. SUMMARY

[0005] To overcome the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present application provides a ring-shaped superconducting armature winding topology and a superconducting motor, which aims to balance the high fundamental winding factor of distributed windings and improve the loss suppression ability of superconducting windings, thereby solving the technical problem of traditional fractional slot concentrated superconducting winding design that is difficult to balance electromagnetic performance and loss control.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to one aspect of the present application, an aviation propulsion motor topology based on a ring-shaped superconducting armature winding is provided, the armature winding is a high-temperature superconducting coil, the high-temperature superconducting coil is embedded in each stator slot in a ring-shaped winding structure, for a motor with a pole number of 2p and a stator slot number of Z (where Z=2mpq, m is the number of phases, and q is the number of slots per phase per pole), m-phase current is passed according to the following rules: The motor is divided into t unit motors, where t=gcd(Z, p) is the greatest common divisor of Z and p; then the number of slots per phase is determined as q1=Z / mt. Taking phase A as an example, phase A current is passed into stator slots 1, 2, …, q1, phase B current is passed into slots q1+1, q1+2, …, 2q1, and so on, until the m-phase current in the unit motor is correctly passed into the motor's annular winding, forming an m-phase distributed slot phase potential structure. Magnetic lines of force enter the rotor from the stator teeth along the air gap direction, forming the armature magnetic field.

[0007] Preferably, the high-temperature superconducting coil is wound with high-temperature superconducting wire, which is Bi-2223 / Ag high-temperature superconducting tape, ReBCO high-temperature superconducting tape, or MgB2 high-temperature superconducting material.

[0008] According to another aspect of the present invention, a superconducting motor is provided, comprising an electromagnetic system, a cooling system, and a vacuum system. The electromagnetic system adopts an internal rotor configuration and includes a stator and a rotor. The cooling system is disposed outside the stator core and includes a Dewar radiator. The vacuum system includes a vacuum chamber. The motor also includes a bearing housing and a housing, and the armature winding of the stator adopts the above-described topology.

[0009] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: 1. The toroidal superconducting armature winding topology provided by this invention improves motor performance by increasing the utilization rate of stator space in the superconducting motor and reducing the vertical effect of slot leakage flux on the superconducting winding, thereby increasing the motor's electrical load and reducing AC losses. This allows for increased power density in superconducting motors with armature superconducting or fully superconducting structures. Compared to conventional fractional-slot concentrated windings, it provides more winding phase distribution and slot potential distribution for the superconducting motor, offering greater design freedom; it also significantly reduces the impact of the magnetic field direction acting on the winding strip on strip performance degradation.

[0010] 2. This invention provides a toroidal superconducting pivot winding topology for an aerospace propulsion motor. It innovatively combines the fundamental characteristics of the toroidal winding with those of ReBCO superconducting tape, optimizing the matching relationship between the ReBCO superconducting tape orientation and slot leakage flux. This significantly reduces vertical field sensitivity and improves the performance of the superconducting pivot winding. Anisotropy and strong nonlinearity are among the most significant challenges when applying ReBCO tape to strong-field devices (such as magnets and motors). A successful toroidal winding design considers and minimizes the vertical magnetic field component experienced by the conductor, thereby achieving higher current density and stability.

[0011] 3. This invention adopts a modular annular winding nested stator slot design, combined with broadband fine-filament ReBCO superconducting tape and flux-splitting ferromagnetic structure, to support comparative testing of AC loss suppression strategies under different pole-slot combinations. This invention greatly reduces the performance bottleneck caused by high harmonic losses and low slot fill factor in traditional concentrated / distributed windings, effectively solving the technical problems of AC loss accumulation, poor superconducting stability and insufficient mechanical reliability faced by superconducting pivot windings in MW-level aerospace motors, and providing a scalable topology design paradigm for the engineering application of all-superconducting motors. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is the annular superconducting pivot winding structure provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the annular superconducting pivot winding structure provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0013] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0014] The technical features of the embodiments described above can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as the combination of these technical features does not contradict each other, it should be considered within the scope of this specification. It should be noted that the terms "in one embodiment," "for example," and "again" in this invention are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0015] This invention provides a topology for an aerospace propulsion motor based on a toroidal superconducting armature winding. The armature winding is a high-temperature superconducting coil, which is embedded in each stator slot in a toroidal winding structure. For a motor with 2p poles and Z stator slots (where Z = 2mpq, m is the number of phases, and q is the number of slots per pole and phase), m-phase current is applied according to the following rules: The motor is divided into t unit motors, where t=gcd(Z, p) is the greatest common divisor of Z and p; then the number of slots per phase is determined as q1=Z / mt. Taking phase A as an example, phase A current is passed into stator slots 1, 2, …, q1, phase B current is passed into slots q1+1, q1+2, …, 2q1, and so on, until the m-phase current in the unit motor is correctly passed into the motor's annular winding, forming an m-phase distributed slot phase potential structure. Magnetic lines of force enter the rotor from the stator teeth along the air gap direction, forming the armature magnetic field.

[0016] Specifically, the high-temperature superconducting coil is made of high-temperature superconducting wire, which is Bi-2223 / Ag high-temperature superconducting tape, ReBCO high-temperature superconducting tape, or MgB2 high-temperature superconducting material.

[0017] The present invention also provides a superconducting motor, including an electromagnetic system, a cooling system and a vacuum system. The electromagnetic system adopts an internal rotor configuration and includes a stator and a rotor. The cooling system is disposed outside the stator core and includes a Dewar. The vacuum system includes a vacuum cavity. The motor also includes a bearing housing and a housing. The armature winding of the stator adopts the above-described topology.

[0018] The rotor of the motor is a permanent magnet rotor, or a rotor that uses high-temperature superconducting coils as excitation windings, or a rotor that uses high-temperature superconducting bulk materials as excitation poles.

[0019] Specifically, the stator core of the motor has a toothed structure, and the stator slots are equipped with magnetic slot wedges, that is, the stator slot openings are fitted with ferromagnetic slot wedges to make them semi-open slots or closed slots.

[0020] Specifically, the stator core is made of silicon steel sheets or amorphous magnetic materials.

[0021] Figure 1 The annular superconducting pivot winding structure provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention is an 8-pole 48-slot motor.

[0022] Figure 2 The annular superconducting pivot winding structure provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention is a 6-pole 36-slot motor.

[0023] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A toroidal superconducting pivot winding topology, characterized in that, The armature winding is a high-temperature superconducting coil, which is embedded in each stator slot in a ring winding structure. For a motor with 2p poles and Z stator slots, the m-phase current is applied according to the following rules: Divide the motor into t unit motors, and determine the number of slots per phase q1=Z / mt. The first phase current is passed into stator slots 1, 2, …, q1, the second phase current is passed into slots q1+1, q1+2, …, 2q1, and so on, until the m phase current in the unit motor is correctly passed into the motor's annular winding, forming an m-phase distributed slot phase potential structure, where t=gcd(Z, p) is the greatest common divisor of Z and p.

2. The toroidal superconducting pivot winding topology as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The high-temperature superconducting coil is made of high-temperature superconducting wire, which is Bi-2223 / Ag high-temperature superconducting tape, ReBCO high-temperature superconducting tape, or MgB2 high-temperature superconducting material.

3. The toroidal superconducting pivot winding topology as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The number of stator slots of the motor satisfies: Z = 2mpq, where q is the number of slots per pole per phase.

4. A superconducting motor, characterized in that, The motor includes an electromagnetic system, a refrigeration system, and a vacuum system. The electromagnetic system adopts an internal rotor design and includes a stator and a rotor. The refrigeration system is located outside the stator core and includes a Dewar radiator. The vacuum system includes a vacuum chamber. The motor also includes a bearing housing and a casing. The armature winding of the stator adopts the topology described in claims 1 to 3.

5. The superconducting motor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rotor of the motor is a permanent magnet rotor, or a rotor that uses high-temperature superconducting coils as excitation windings, or a rotor that uses high-temperature superconducting bulk materials as excitation poles.

6. The superconducting motor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The stator core of the motor has a toothed structure, and the stator slots are equipped with magnetic slot wedges, that is, the stator slot openings are fitted with ferromagnetic slot wedges to make them semi-open slots or closed slots.

7. The superconducting motor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The stator core is made of silicon steel sheets or amorphous magnetic materials.

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