Grape overwintering method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of grape cultivation technologies, and particularly relates to a grape overwintering method. The grape overwintering method comprises the following steps that after leaves of grape vines fall, the grape vines are pruned in a short-tip pruning mode, and a fruiting mother branch is reserved; gathering the trimmed grape branches and tendrils, flatly placing the grape branches and tendrils along the planting furrows, and then irrigating; a heat preservation supporting structure is erected in the planting furrow, the heat preservation supporting structure is covered with a heat preservation material, and then overwintering irrigation is conducted; the thermal insulation material is of a three-layer composite structure formed by sequentially bonding a first protective moisturizing layer, a thermal insulation layer and a second protective moisturizing layer. The grape overwintering method can effectively protect safe overwintering of grape branches and tendrils, and is suitable for all grape cultivation areas where grapes need to be buried with soil for overwintering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of grape cultivation technology, specifically relating to a method for overwintering grapes. Background Technology

[0002] As a crop highly sensitive to environmental conditions, grapes are significantly affected by low temperatures and frost damage during winter. Winter protection against low temperatures has become a key technical aspect of grape cultivation, directly impacting the safe overwintering of grapevines and their growth, development, and yield levels in the following year.

[0003] Currently, the most widely used winter protection method in production is the soil burial method, which involves burying the grapevines under the soil, utilizing the insulating properties of the soil and natural snowfall to ensure their safe overwintering. This method has advantages such as readily available materials, low cost, good frost protection and insulation, and wide adaptability. However, as the latitude of cultivation areas increases and winter temperatures decrease, the soil burial thickness increases accordingly, directly leading to a significant increase in manual labor intensity. Furthermore, the soil burial operation requires a high level of skill from the operators; improper operation can easily cause mechanical damage to the grapevines, affecting bud break and fruit production the following year.

[0004] To reduce labor costs, some grape-growing regions have experimented with using insulating materials to cover grapevines for soil-free cultivation. This method typically involves gathering the grapevines in the planting trench, covering them with insulating material, and then covering them with a plastic film. It has shown certain advantages in terms of insulation and reducing mechanical damage. Commonly used insulating materials include straw mats, stalks, and sawdust. However, directly covering the grapevines with insulating material results in an uneven surface on the insulating structure, making it unable to withstand snow accumulation and significantly reducing the overall insulation performance, thus failing to meet the temperature requirements for grape growth in winter. Furthermore, because the insulating material is in direct contact with the grapevines, it is highly susceptible to frost damage from sudden drops in temperature or prolonged periods of low temperatures, affecting the survival rate of the grapes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problems of directly covering grapevines with insulation materials reducing the overall insulation performance of the insulation system and causing grapevines to be easily damaged by frost, thus affecting the survival rate of grapes, this invention provides a method for overwintering grapes.

[0006] This invention constructs a stable, heat-insulating support structure above grapevines and covers it with insulating material, forming a stable, airtight air insulation layer between the grapevines and the insulation material. This increases the buffering capacity of the internal temperature of the insulation facility. Simultaneously, by increasing the thickness of the snow cover above the insulation material, the combined effect of the air insulation layer and the insulation material and snow significantly increases the average temperature of the soil beneath the support structure. This effectively protects the grapevines for safe overwintering and is suitable for grape cultivation areas where soil burial for frost protection is used. It solves the technical problems of directly covering grapevines with insulating material reducing the overall insulation performance of the facility and the susceptibility of grapevines to frost damage, thus affecting the survival rate of the grapes.

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for overwintering grapes, comprising the following steps: After the grapevines have shed their leaves, the vines are pruned using a short-pruning method, retaining only one fruiting branch. The pruned grapevines are then gathered together and laid flat along the planting trench, followed by irrigation. An insulating support structure is erected in the planting trench, and the structure is covered with insulating material before winter irrigation.

[0008] It should be noted that this invention utilizes the space between the thermal insulation support structure and the ground to form a relatively stable, static air layer. Air is an excellent insulating medium, and through the synergistic effect of the air layer and the insulation material, the insulation effect is greatly enhanced. At the same time, covering the thermal insulation support structure with insulation material can increase the thickness of the snow cover above the insulation material, further increasing the overwintering temperature of the grapes, preventing repeated thawing and thawing of the grape buds, and improving the success rate of grape overwintering.

[0009] Preferably, the thermal insulation material is a three-layer composite structure formed by sequentially bonding a first protective moisture-retaining layer, a thermal insulation layer, and a second protective moisture-retaining layer. The inclusion of the first and second protective moisture-retaining layers increases the overall durability of the thermal insulation material.

[0010] Preferably, both the first and second protective moisture-retaining layers are made of polyethylene woven fabric; the insulation layer is made of polyethylene foam. Polyethylene woven fabric is waterproof, heat-insulating, lightweight, durable, and breathable, providing waterproof protection and insulation for grapevines.

[0011] Preferably, when the daily minimum temperature is below -5℃ to 0℃, thermal insulation material is covered on the thermal insulation support structure.

[0012] Preferably, the short pruning method involves leaving one plump bud and one unplump bud near the base, and then pruning back the extension branch.

[0013] Preferably, the extension branch is retracted to retain 9 to 13 nodes.

[0014] Preferably, the thermal insulation support structure is placed evenly at 1-meter intervals.

[0015] Preferably, the irrigation standard is to ensure that the field water holding capacity is not less than 60% of the maximum field water holding capacity. Winter irrigation can significantly increase the specific heat capacity of the soil, slowing down the rate of soil temperature drop in winter, thus providing a warmer temperature environment for the roots. At the same time, winter irrigation can effectively prevent desiccation. Grapes are in a continuous water loss stage during winter, and the surface soil moisture freezes during winter. Winter irrigation can ensure that the grape roots can obtain water from the deeper soil layers, and at the same time, the surface soil water thaws in the following spring, which can prevent spring drought.

[0016] Preferably, the thermal insulation support structure includes a first support structure and two second support structures. The two ends of the first support structure are fixedly connected to or integrally connected to the second support structures. The second support structures are vertically installed and inserted below the ground surface. The first support structure is a frame structure, and the second support structures are fixed rods. A fixed support structure is formed by the first support structure and the two second support structures. On the one hand, the fixed support structure supports the thermal insulation material and snow accumulation, improving the stability of the thermal insulation support structure. On the other hand, an air insulation layer is formed between the thermal insulation material above the fixed support structure and the grapevines, increasing the buffering capacity of the internal temperature of the thermal insulation facility and further improving the thermal insulation performance. By rotating the support structure, the grapevines can be held down without manual tying, ensuring the thermal insulation space above the grapevines.

[0017] Preferably, the second support structure is vertically inserted below the ground surface. This vertical insertion improves the overall stability of the fixed support structure and provides support for the insulation material and snow cover, creating a synergistic insulating effect for the grapevines.

[0018] Preferably, the heat-insulating support structure further includes a rotating connection structure, wherein the connection portion of the first support structure and the second support structure is hinged to the rotating connection structure, and one end of the rotating connection structure has a curved portion facing the first support structure. The rotating connection structure can hold the grapevines down without manual tying, ensuring heat-insulating space above the grapevines; it also reduces labor costs and mechanical damage to the grapevines caused by tying.

[0019] Preferably, the included angle of the bent portion of the rotating connection structure is 120°~130°.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: 1. This invention constructs a stable heat-insulating support structure above grapevines and covers the support structure with heat-insulating material to form a stable and airtight air insulation layer between the grapevines and the insulation material, increasing the buffering capacity of the internal temperature of the insulation facility. It also utilizes the heat-insulating and moisture-retaining properties of the first protective and moisture-retaining layer in the insulation material to prevent damage to the middle insulation layer from the external environment. Simultaneously, a sealed space is formed between the first and second protective and moisture-retaining layers to prevent air circulation with the external environment, creating a stable internal space. After covering the grapevines with the insulation material, the second protective and moisture-retaining layer covering the grapevines can prevent internal moisture loss, maintain humidity, and prevent the grapevines from drying out. It also protects the grapevines from damage by the external environment and protects the middle insulation layer from damage by the grapevines. Through the synergistic insulation effect of the air insulation layer, the insulation material, and the snow covering the insulation material, the average temperature of the soil under the insulation support structure is significantly increased, which can effectively protect the grape vines under the insulation support structure to safely overwinter. It is suitable for grape cultivation areas that use soil burial for frost protection. It solves the technical problems of weak snow resistance and poor temperature buffering when the insulation material is directly covered to grape vines, which easily causes frost damage.

[0021] 2. The grape overwintering method of this invention can effectively protect grapevines and ensure their safe overwintering. It is applicable to all grape-growing regions that require burying grapevines for overwintering. This method not only reduces grape cultivation costs but is also simple to operate, requiring no professional technicians and avoiding mechanical damage to grapevines caused by burying. This maximizes the benefits of grape cultivation. Compared with overwintering using a single covering insulation material, this invention can significantly increase the temperature inside the facility during grape overwintering, thereby increasing the success rate of grape overwintering in extremely cold regions. It is also applicable to vineyards with older vines and is of great significance to all grape-growing regions that require overwintering.

[0022] 3. The thermal insulation support structure of this invention is made of steel pipe, which is sturdy and durable, and the manufacturing method is simple. The thermal insulation support structure is also convenient to operate, only needs to be inserted into the soil, and there are no technical requirements for the operators. It can greatly save the labor cost of tying vines and improve the overwintering success rate; and the overall cost is far less than that of traditional overwintering by burying in soil.

[0023] 4. The thermal insulation support structure and insulation materials of this invention are readily available, simple to manufacture, and easy to use. They provide excellent insulation, are pollution-free, and have a service life of 5 to 10 years. The selected materials are lightweight, weighing only 180g per square meter, making transportation convenient. The excellent insulation effect, combined with the support frame, surpasses traditional soil burial for wintering, effectively protecting grapevines during the winter. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall effect. Figure 2This is a structural diagram of the thermal insulation support structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the thermal insulation support structure of the present invention, which is supported by grapevines.

[0026] Figure 4 The images show the actual application effects of different overwintering methods in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2; wherein, (a) is an actual application effect diagram of the overwintering method in Example 1, (b) is a cross-sectional view of the actual application of the overwintering method in Example 1, (c) is an actual application effect diagram of the overwintering method in Comparative Example 1, and (d) is an actual application effect diagram of the overwintering method in Comparative Example 1.

[0027] Figure 5 This graph shows the daily minimum temperature variations at grapevines during the wintering period when different overwintering methods were used.

[0028] Figure descriptions: 1-First support structure; 2-Second support structure; 3-Rotating connection structure. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] The following will combine Figures 1-3 This further illustrates a specific embodiment of the thermal insulation support structure of the present invention.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the planting trench contains grapevines, with grape roots underground, and an insulation support structure above the trench. The insulation support structure includes a first support structure 1 and two second support structures 2; the second support structures 2 are vertically arranged; the first support structure 1 is a frame structure, and the second support structures 2 are fixed rods. The fixed support structure formed by the first support structure 1 and the two second support structures 2 supports the insulation material and snow accumulation, improving the stability of the insulation support structure.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the second support structure 2 is vertically inserted below the ground surface. By vertically inserting the second support structure 2 into the ground, the stability of the first support structure 1 is improved; at the same time, the first support structure 1 provides support for the insulation material and snow cover. Through the synergistic insulation effect of the first support structure 1, the insulation material, and the snow cover, the temperature of the grapevines during the winter is increased.

[0033] like Figure 2and Figure 3 As shown, the heat-insulating support structure also includes a rotating connection structure 3. The connection portion of the first support structure 1 and the second support structure 2 is hinged to the rotating connection structure 3. One end of the rotating connection structure 3 has a curved portion facing the first support structure 1. The rotating connection structure 3 can hold down the grape vines without manual tying, ensuring the heat-insulating space above the grape vines; and reducing labor costs and mechanical damage to the grape vines caused by tying.

[0034] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the included angle of the bent portion of the rotating connection structure is 120°~130°.

[0035] The following will provide an example of using an insulating support structure for overwintering grapes, with comparisons of overwintering by burying in soil and directly covering with insulating material.

[0036] Example 1 A method for overwintering grapes includes the following steps: In this embodiment, in Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the grape varieties selected were Cabernet Sauvignon and others, the planting area was 5,000 mu, the vines were 2 to 6 years old, and all were planted using single-arm trellises.

[0037] In mid-November, after the grapevines begin to shed their leaves, pruning is carried out, leaving only one fruiting branch. The fruiting branch is pruned very short, leaving one plump bud and one unplump bud near the base. The extension branches are shortened back to 9-13 nodes.

[0038] After the grapevines are pruned and taken down from the trellis in autumn, the grapevines should be neatly gathered and laid flat along the planting trench. During the gathering process, the grapevines should be kept as low as possible. If necessary, they can be tied with ropes to ensure that the height of the gathered vines does not exceed the ground height of the insulation support structure.

[0039] After the plants are removed from the shelves, irrigation is carried out using furrow irrigation to ensure that the field water holding capacity is not less than 60% of the maximum field water holding capacity.

[0040] After irrigation, erect an insulating support structure in the planting furrow. The supporting structures should be placed evenly at 1-meter intervals. When the daily minimum temperature drops below -5℃, cover the supporting structures with insulating material. The width and length of the insulating blanket should be determined according to the specific conditions of the grape planting furrow. The sides of the insulating material should be compacted with soil, and the rows should be tied tightly with ropes to ensure a tight seal and prevent air leakage or being blown away by strong winds. After the insulating material is covered, winter irrigation should be carried out, also using furrow irrigation, to ensure that the field water holding capacity is not less than 60% of the maximum field water holding capacity. The second supporting structure 2 of the insulating support structure consists of two 60cm steel pipes; the first supporting structure 1 is a trapezoidal frame with an upper base of 40cm, a lower base of 60cm, and a height of 25cm. The first supporting structure 1 is made of steel pipes, and the upper and lower bases of the trapezoidal frame can be adjusted according to the specific conditions of the grape planting furrow. The insulating material is a three-layer composite structure formed by sequentially bonding a first layer of polyethylene tarpaulin, pearl cotton, and a second layer of polyethylene tarpaulin.

[0041] By the following spring, furrow irrigation can be carried out according to the actual situation to ensure that the field water holding capacity is not less than 60% of the maximum field water holding capacity. Irrigation should be carried out on sunny mornings to increase the humidity inside the insulation support structure and prevent the branches from drying out.

[0042] When the daily minimum temperature is above 0℃, the insulation material on the east side of the insulation support structure can be lifted to allow the internal temperature to drop, preventing premature sprouting of grapevines. Once the spring temperature stabilizes above 15℃, the insulation material and support structure can be removed, and the grapevines can be guided onto the trellis. Irrigation should begin after the grapevines are on the trellis, with an irrigation standard of 50-60 cubic meters per second. 3 / acre. After the insulation material has dried, roll it up, tie it to the insulation support structure, and store it in the warehouse.

[0043] Comparative Example 1 A method for overwintering grapes includes the following steps: The difference from Example 1 is as follows: No insulation support structure was built on the grapevines; insulation material was directly applied.

[0044] This comparative study was conducted in Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The grape varieties used were Cabernet Sauvignon and others, with vines aged 2 to 6 years, and all were trellised using single-arm trellises.

[0045] In mid-November, after the grapevines begin to shed their leaves, pruning is carried out, leaving only one fruiting branch. The fruiting branch is pruned very short, leaving one plump bud and one unplump bud near the base. The extension branches are shortened back to 9-13 nodes.

[0046] After the grapevines are pruned and taken down from the trellis in autumn, the grapevines should be neatly gathered and laid flat along the planting trench. During the gathering process, the grapevines should be kept as low as possible. If necessary, they can be tied with ropes to ensure that the height of the gathered vines does not exceed the height of the ground.

[0047] After the plants are removed from the shelves, irrigation is carried out using furrow irrigation to ensure that the field water holding capacity is not less than 60% of the maximum field water holding capacity.

[0048] After irrigation, cover the planting furrows with insulating material. The width and length of the insulating material should be determined according to the specific conditions of the grape planting furrows. The sides of the insulating material should be compacted with soil, and the ends should be tied tightly with rope to ensure a tight seal and prevent air leakage or being blown away by strong winds. After the insulating material is covered, winter irrigation should be carried out, also using furrow irrigation, to ensure that the field water holding capacity is not less than 60% of the maximum field water holding capacity. The insulating material is a three-layer composite structure formed by sequentially bonding a first layer of polyethylene tarpaulin, pearl cotton, and a second layer of polyethylene tarpaulin.

[0049] By the following spring, furrow irrigation can be carried out according to the actual situation, so that the field water holding capacity is not less than 60% of the maximum field water holding capacity. Irrigation should be carried out on sunny mornings to increase the humidity inside the insulation material and prevent the branches from drying out.

[0050] Once the spring temperature stabilizes above 15℃, the insulation material can be removed, and the grapevines can be guided onto the trellis. Irrigation should begin after the grapevines are on the trellis, with an irrigation standard of 50m³. 3 / mu~60m 3 / mu.

[0051] Comparative Example 2 A method for overwintering grapes includes the following steps: The difference from Example 1 is as follows: Cover the grapevines directly with soil.

[0052] This comparative study was conducted in Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The grape varieties used were Cabernet Sauvignon and others, with vines aged 2 to 6 years, and all were trellised using single-arm trellises.

[0053] In mid-November, after the grapevines begin to shed their leaves, pruning is carried out, leaving only one fruiting branch. The fruiting branch is pruned very short, leaving one plump bud and one unplump bud near the base. The extension branches are shortened back to 9-13 nodes.

[0054] After the grapevines are pruned and taken down from the trellis in autumn, the grapevines should be neatly gathered and laid flat along the planting trench. During the gathering process, the grapevines should be kept as low as possible. If necessary, they can be tied with ropes to ensure that the height of the gathered vines does not exceed the height of the ground.

[0055] After the plants are removed from the shelves, irrigation is carried out using furrow irrigation to ensure that the field water holding capacity is not less than 60% of the maximum field water holding capacity.

[0056] After irrigation, cover the planting furrows with soil to a thickness of 30cm. After covering with soil, irrigate for winter, also using furrow irrigation, to ensure that the field water holding capacity is not less than 60% of the maximum field water holding capacity.

[0057] By the following spring, furrow irrigation can be carried out according to the actual situation, so that the field water holding capacity is not less than 60% of the maximum field water holding capacity. Irrigation should be carried out on sunny mornings to prevent the branches from drying out.

[0058] When the spring temperature stabilizes above 15℃, carefully remove the topsoil with a shovel or hoe until the main vine is faintly visible. Then, use a rake to thoroughly remove and clean all remaining soil around the grapevine's root collar and in the gaps between the vines. Guide the grapevines onto the trellis. Irrigate after the grapes are on the trellis, using a standard irrigation of 50 ml / kg. 3 / mu~60m 3 / mu.

[0059] like Figure 4 As shown, directly covering the vines with insulation material will cause the vines to protrude, leaving the insulation material exposed and unable to benefit from the insulation effect of the snow. However, by using the insulation support structure of this invention and covering it with insulation material, the vines can bear all the snow and benefit from the good insulation effect of the snow, thus providing better insulation performance for the grape vines.

[0060] like Figure 5 As shown, the most significant factor affecting grape overwintering is the daily minimum temperature. Compared to the overwintering methods of burying the grapevines in soil and directly covering them with insulation materials, the daily minimum temperature is significantly increased by constructing an insulation support structure at the grapevines and covering them with insulation materials.

[0061] During the overwintering process, analysis of the hourly temperature distribution at the vines revealed that the average temperature of the method described in this invention was higher than that of the traditional striped cloth and soil burial methods, indicating better heat preservation. Furthermore, the most concentrated temperature distribution indicated the most stable temperature at the vines during overwintering, which is more beneficial for the safe overwintering of wine grapes. Analysis of the daily temperature trends and the lowest temperature of each treatment on December 19th, the lowest temperature point during overwintering, showed that the method described in this invention had the best heat preservation effect, 4.4℃ higher than the traditional striped cloth method. The daily lowest temperature, from highest to lowest, was: method described in this invention > traditional striped cloth > soil burial overwintering. This demonstrates that the sandwiched striped cloth designed in this invention has superior heat preservation capabilities at the vines compared to commonly used striped cloths in the production area.

[0062] The grape overwintering method of this invention was tested and demonstrated in Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. In Shihezi City, the average winter temperature is -15℃, with a minimum temperature reaching -37℃. Temperature measurements were taken at a depth of 0-40cm in the soil. The results showed that, compared to traditional methods of burying the grapes in soil and simply covering them with insulating materials, the overwintering method of this invention significantly increased the average temperature throughout the soil and improved temperature stability, effectively protecting the grape roots during winter and preventing repeated freezing and thawing of the grape buds. These examples demonstrate that the technology of this invention can effectively protect grapes during winter and is superior to traditional methods of burying the grapes in soil and simply covering them with insulating materials.

[0063] It should be noted that the connection relationships of components not specifically mentioned in this invention are all assumed to be based on existing technology. Since they do not involve the inventive point and are commonly used in existing technology, the structural connection relationships are not described in detail.

[0064] It should be noted that when numerical ranges are involved in this invention, it should be understood that the two endpoints of each numerical range, as well as any value between the two endpoints, can be selected. Since the steps and methods used are the same as in the embodiments, preferred embodiments are described in this invention to avoid redundancy. Although preferred embodiments of this invention have been described, those skilled in the art, once they understand the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of this invention.

[0065] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. If these modifications and variations fall within the scope of equivalents of this invention, then this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for overwintering grapes, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: After the grapevines have shed their leaves, the vines should be pruned using a short-shoot pruning method, retaining only one fruiting branch; Gather the pruned grapevines and lay them flat along the planting trench, then irrigate. An insulating support structure is erected in the planting trench, and insulating material is covered on the insulating support structure, followed by winter irrigation; The thermal insulation material is a three-layer composite structure formed by bonding a first protective and moisturizing layer, a thermal insulation layer, and a second protective and moisturizing layer in sequence.

2. The method for overwintering grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first and second protective moisture-retaining layers are made of polyethylene woven fabric; the insulation layer is made of polyethylene foam.

3. The method for overwintering grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulation layer is 5mm thick.

4. The method for overwintering grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The minimum distance from the top of the insulation support structure to the top of the grapevine is 20cm.

5. The method for overwintering grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the daily minimum temperature is below -5℃ to 0℃, cover the insulation support structure with insulation material.

6. The method for overwintering grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The short pruning method involves leaving one plump bud and one unplump bud near the base, and then shortening the extension branch.

7. The method for overwintering grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal insulation support structures are placed evenly at 1-meter intervals.

8. The method for overwintering grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The irrigation standard is that irrigation should ensure that the field capacity is not less than 60% of the maximum field capacity.

9. The method for overwintering grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat-insulating support structure includes a first support structure (1), two second support structures (2) and a rotating connection structure (3). The two ends of the first support structure (1) are fixedly connected to or integrated with the two second support structures (2). The two second support structures (2) are vertically inserted below the ground surface, and the lower part of the first support structure (1) forms a receiving area for accommodating grape vines. The connection between the first support structure (1) and the second support structure (2) is hinged to one end of the rotating connection structure (3), and the other end of the rotating connection structure (3) has a curved portion facing the first support structure (1), which presses against the grape vine.

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