Method for raising seedlings of angelica sinensis in winter in sunlight greenhouse

Abstract

The invention provides a sunlight greenhouse winter seedling raising method for angelica sinensis. The Chinese angelica sunlight greenhouse winter seedling raising method comprises the steps that a sunlight greenhouse is built in an area with the altitude being 2000 m or below, the azimuth angle of the sunlight greenhouse is 5-7 degrees from the south to the west, the base angle of a front roof is 60-65 degrees, the elevation angle of a main lighting surface is 22-25 degrees, and the elevation angle of a back slope is 37-38 degrees; the method comprises the following steps: sowing angelica sinensis seeds in a greenhouse from late November to early and middle December, wherein the seeds comprise early bolting seeds, side ear seeds or main ear seeds; the environment in the greenhouse is controlled, the temperature in the coldest month is not lower than 12 DEG C, the ground temperature is not lower than 10 DEG C, and vernalization of the angelica sinensis seedlings is avoided; managing the seedlings, including water management, sunlight management, temperature regulation and control, weeding and thinning, and disease and pest control. The Chinese angelica sunlight greenhouse winter seedling raising method provided by the invention has the advantages that Chinese angelica seedling raising is carried out in a zone with the altitude of 2000m or below, and the problem that the ecological environment is damaged by Chinese angelica early bolting, Chinese angelica seed reserving, Chinese angelica prepared land seedling raising and Chinese angelica high-altitude seedling raising can be solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the angelica seedling technology field, especially to a kind of angelica sunlight greenhouse winter seedling method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Angelica belongs to the family of Umbelliferae, is a traditional Chinese medicine of our country One commonly used herbal medicine, before every lunar frost harvest rhizome, dry after entering medicine, formula There is the saying of "ten sides nine return". Modern pharmacological research finds that angelica polysaccharide has certain effect in anti-tumor, gradually attracts attention;Due to the enhancement of health consciousness in modern life, many residents in the world have made it as a seasoning and tea drink when cooking in catering, and play the effect of medicinal food.

[0003] However, the existing angelica seedling has the following problems: 1, the existing angelica seedling technology, the early bolting rate of the cultivated angelica seedling is high, reaches 30-50%, and the serious one is more than 90%, the flowering makes the succulent root of the plant lignify, cannot enter medicine, so there is no economic benefit.

[0004] 2, the existing angelica seedling technology adopts high altitude (more than 2500) to cultivate seedlings, which causes serious damage to vegetation, and the traffic is not convenient in high altitude area, which is not conducive to large-scale seedling.

[0005] 3, the existing angelica seedling technology adopts third year lactation period to collect seeds, the early bolting rate of the seeds produced by lateral branches is lower than that of the seeds produced by main branches, and the maturity degree is difficult to grasp in actual operation.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new angelica sunlight greenhouse winter seedling method to solve the above technical problems. SUMMARY

[0007] The technical problem solved by the present application is to provide an angelica sunlight greenhouse winter seedling method for developing angelica seedling in the area below 2000m, which can solve the problems of early bolting of angelica, seed leaving of angelica, mature land seedling of angelica and destruction of ecological environment in high altitude seedling of angelica.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the angelica sunlight greenhouse winter seedling method provided by the present application comprises: building a sunlight greenhouse in the area below 2000m, the azimuth angle of the sunlight greenhouse is 5°-7° west of south, the front roof base angle is 60°-65°, the main light collecting surface angle is 22°-25°, and the rear slope angle is 37°-38°; sowing angelica seeds in the greenhouse from late November to early December, the seeds include early bolting seeds, lateral bud seeds or main bud seeds; control the environment in the greenhouse, so that the coldest month temperature is not lower than 12℃, and the ground temperature is not lower than 10℃, to avoid the springing of angelica seedlings; Seedling management, including water management, sunlight management, temperature control, weeding, transplanting and disease and pest control; After the seedlings are transplanted and planted in the end of April to the beginning of May of the next year.

[0009] Preferably, the sunlight greenhouse adopts a steel arch frame and a brick and concrete wall structure or a soil wall structure, there is no column in the cultivation area in the greenhouse, the film is a non-dripping film, and the heat preservation material is a straw mat or a heat preservation quilt.

[0010] Preferably, before sowing, 5,000 kg of high-quality and well-rotted farm manure, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10 kg of urea and 15 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu, and carbendazim and phoxim are applied to soil disinfection.

[0011] Preferably, flat-bed seedling raising or plug seedling raising is adopted; the flat-bed seedling raising has a bed width of 1.2 m and a bed spacing of 40 cm; and the plug seedling raising adopts a 32-hole seedling raising tray, and 3 to 4 seeds are sown in each hole.

[0012] Preferably, the thickness of the soil covering after sowing is 2 mm, and water is sprayed in time to keep the bed surface wet.

[0013] Preferably, the seedling management stage includes: covering 50% shading net above 20 cm of the seedbed, and removing the shading net when the seedlings are 5 to 8 cm high; and the daytime temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 25 to 28 DEG C, and the nighttime temperature is kept above 6 DEG C.

[0014] Preferably, the seedling training step includes: gradually increasing ventilation from the end of March, removing the film in the middle of April, and shading with 50% shading net to make the temperature in the greenhouse consistent with the temperature outside.

[0015] Preferably, when transplanting and planting, the seedlings obtained by flat-bed seedling raising are soaked in gibberellin solution with a concentration of 2 to 4 for 10 to 20 minutes to break dormancy.

[0016] Preferably, after transplanting, mulching cultivation is adopted, 7,000 to 8,000 seedlings per mu are preserved, and 50% shading net is temporarily shaded.

[0017] Compared with the related art, the angelica sunlight greenhouse winter seedling raising method provided by the present application has the following beneficial effects: The present application provides an angelica sunlight greenhouse winter seedling raising method, which adopts sunlight greenhouse winter seedling raising, greatly reduces the early flowering rate after angelica planting, increases the yield and benefit per unit area, and effectively solves the problem that the angelica seed saving technology is difficult to master while reducing the seedling raising cost by adopting early flowering seed seedling raising. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The application will be further described in connection with the embodiments.

[0019] The angelica fargesii winter seedling raising method provided by the application uses early salinity seeds for seedling raising, artificially removes the suitable temperature for inducing angelica seedling vernalization, and avoids vernalization. The second generation energy-saving sunlight greenhouse is adopted, and the steel arch frame brick-concrete wall structure and the earth wall can be adopted. There is no vertical column in the cultivation area in the greenhouse. The greenhouse azimuth angle is 5-7° west of the south, the front roof base angle is 60-65°, the main light collecting surface angle is 22-25°, and the rear slope angle is 37-38°. The greenhouse film adopts no-dripping film, and the light collecting efficiency is high. The insulating material is selected from grass mat or insulating quilt, and the insulating performance is good. In winter, the greenhouse air temperature in the coldest month is not lower than 12℃, and the ground temperature is not lower than 10℃.

[0020] Land preparation and fertilization: for seedbed seedling raising, the land is ploughed in the middle and late October, the ploughing depth is more than 25 cm, and the soil is finely raked and ground. In combination with the land ploughing, 5000 kg of high-quality decomposed farmyard manure, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10 kg of urea, and 15 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu. 80% of the carbofuran 300 g, 40% of the phoxim emulsion 300 ml, and 10 kg of fine soil are uniformly mixed per mu. After the fertilizer and the toxic soil are uniformly applied on the ground surface, the land is deeply ploughed to kill the soil underground pests and pathogens.

[0021] Substrate preparation: for plug seedling, the culture soil needs to be prepared before sowing and the seedling plug is filled. The culture soil substrate requires loose structure and comprehensive nutrition. It is recommended to use commercial substrate soil, and 80 g of wettable powder of carbofuran is fully mixed per 150 kg.

[0022] Seedbed making: for flat bed seedling, the flat land is made into a ridge with a width of 1.2 m and an interval of 40 cm before sowing. The ridge surface is shallowly raked with an iron rake to break the soil clods and remove the residual roots of the previous crop, and then the ridge surface is leveled.

[0023] Filling of plug: for plug seedling, a standard 32-hole seedling plug is used, which is 55 cm long, 28 cm wide, and 12 cm high, with square holes, a top hole edge length of 6.5 cm, and a bottom hole edge length of 2.5 cm. The culture soil is uniformly filled first, and then lightly compacted so that the substrate surface is about 0.5 cm lower than the edge of the hole. Then the plug is placed horizontally and evenly on the seedbed, and the fine soil is used to seal the four sides of the plug.

[0024] Separation: the flat bed or plug seedbed is separated by bricks or soil ridges, which are about 40 cm wide, as a walkway for management.

[0025] Sowing period: sowing is carried out in the late November to the early or middle December. For plug seedling, early sowing in the late November is preferred, and for flat bed seedling, late sowing in the early or middle December is preferred.

[0026] Seed selection and treatment: Angelica seeds can be selected from lateral spike seeds, main spike seeds or early bolting seeds ("gunpowder seeds"). One day before sowing, the seeds are treated with pesticides. 5-10 g of 25% carbendazim wettable powder is evenly mixed with 1 kg of seeds. After soaking the seeds for a night, they are sown.

[0027] Sowing method: flat furrow seedling can be sown by broadcasting or row sowing. Uniform sowing is required. Plug seedling uses dibbling method, sowing 3-4 seeds per hole. Seeds treated with pesticides need to be protected by wearing masks and plastic gloves when sowing.

[0028] Broadcasting: evenly spread the seeds on the flat furrow.

[0029] Row sowing: open a shallow trench on the furrow with a spade or hoe, with a row spacing of 15-20 cm and a trench depth of 5-8 cm. Sow one row of seeds with a density of about 1 x 1 cm and a row spacing of 5-8 cm.

[0030] Sowing amount: about 7 kg per mu for broadcasting and row sowing. 5-8 seeds per hole for plug seedling.

[0031] Covering soil: after sowing, cover the bed surface with fine soil or substrate soil to a thickness of about 2 mm, just enough to cover the seeds. Do not cover too thickly.

[0032] Seedling management: water management: after sowing, spray water in time to keep the bed soil moist. Use micro-sprinkler facilities or bucket spraying. Water once a day to keep the surface soil moist. After spraying thoroughly, cover the furrow with white agricultural film to retain water and heat, making the seedlings uniform. Choose film-covered seedlings and do not need to spray water before germination.

[0033] Sunlight management: Angelica seeds germinate 15-20 days after sowing. Cover the seedlings with white film. After 80% of the seedlings have germinated, remove the film at 10 am on cloudy days and spray water in time according to the soil moisture. Thereafter, use a non-dripping greenhouse. The inner wall of the greenhouse forms fewer water droplets, has good light transmission, and the inside is brighter. Cover 50% of the seedlings with shading net 20 cm above the seedbed. When the seedlings are 5-8 cm tall, remove the shading net. Use ordinary greenhouse film. The inner wall of the greenhouse forms a layer of small water droplets, reducing light transmission, and no shading net is needed.

[0034] Temperature control: Greenhouse seedling cultivation is crucial. Before seedling cultivation, the greenhouse should be covered with straw mats to raise the soil temperature. After seedling cultivation, around 8:00 AM, depending on the weather, the straw mats should be uncovered to allow sunlight and raise the room temperature. Around 10:00 AM, when the room temperature rises above 25℃, the vents should be opened to reduce temperature and humidity and prevent disease. At noon, the indoor temperature should be maintained between 25℃ and 28℃. If the temperature is too high, ventilation should be increased to regulate the temperature and prevent the seedlings from being scorched. Micro-sprinkler irrigation can also be used to lower the temperature. Around 5:00 PM, the blankets should be removed. The nighttime temperature should be maintained above 6℃.

[0035] Weeding and thinning: After the angelica seedlings have emerged completely, weeds should be removed manually and promptly, depending on their growth. Water should be sprayed immediately after each weeding to prevent seedling death due to insufficient root contact with the soil. For plug seedling cultivation, thinning should be done 60-70 days after sowing, when the seedlings are about 5cm tall (3-4 true leaves), selecting 2-3 strong seedlings per hole. Thinning is generally not required for flat-bed seedling cultivation.

[0036] Pest and disease control: After the true leaves unfold, promptly spray insecticides and fungicides to prevent pests and diseases. You can use 50% carbendazim at 800 times dilution, 65% zineb at 600 times dilution, or thiophanate-methyl at 1000 times dilution, alternating between these for spraying the seedbed every 10-15 days, focusing on preventing sclerotinia rot and root rot. If necessary, you can use 40% phoxim at 1000 times dilution or 90% trichlorfon at 800 times dilution for spraying to control pests in greenhouse seedbeds.

[0037] Water storage and heat preservation: After each watering of the seedbed, the water level in the water storage tank should be replenished in a timely manner on a sunny day to ensure that the water temperature in the water storage tank is close to the ground temperature; avoid watering while storing water to prevent diseases such as damping-off and seedling blight.

[0038] Timely hardening-off: Begin hardening-off seedlings in late March and continue until the end of April. During the day, first open the ventilation openings on the top of the rear roof, and if necessary, open the greenhouse film on the front slope, gradually increasing the ventilation volume from small to large. Keep daytime temperatures below 25℃. Close the front slope ventilation openings at night, but leave the roof ventilation openings open to improve the resistance of the angelica seedlings. Begin removing the greenhouse film in mid-April and use a 50% shade net to maintain the indoor temperature at the same level as the outdoor temperature, inhibiting excessive growth of the above-ground parts of the angelica seedlings and improving root adaptability. Seedlings hardened off until late April to early May are ready for transplanting.

[0039] Transplanting and Planting: Seedling Selection and Relocation: Transplanting should be done from late April to early May, preferably on a cloudy day or before rain. Before transplanting, dig up the angelica seedlings. For seedbed seedlings, use a specialized four-pronged or three-pronged digger to gently loosen the soil clods, avoiding breaking the seedlings. Hold the seedling firmly by the leaves, gently loosen the seedling, shake off the soil, and remove seedlings with root diameters less than 2.5mm, lengths less than 6cm, many lateral roots, or those that are diseased or damaged. Select seedlings that are growing normally, without disease spots, damage, smooth skin, and few branches. Pack them with the seedling heads facing outwards into cardboard or foam boxes, cover with moist soil to keep them fresh, and transport them to the field for planting. For plug tray seedlings, transport the plug trays to the field with the seedlings intact, transplanting them as they are dug up.

[0040] Seedling treatment: 3-4 days before transplanting, remove leaves and cut off the above-ground parts, leaving a 3-4cm stubble. For angelica seedlings grown in flat beds, before planting, the roots need to be treated with gibberellin to break dormancy. The method is to soak the roots of the angelica seedlings in 2-4... Soak the seedlings in gibberellin solution for 10-20 minutes, then remove them and spread them out on the raised bed or straw mat to dry the root surface moisture before transplanting. The gibberellin solution should be prepared and used immediately, soaking the seedlings while transplanting. If the solution is insufficient, replenish it promptly to ensure the concentration and dosage. No treatment is required for plug seedlings.

[0041] Reasonable dense planting: The cultivation method adopts the plastic film mulching method, using a 30cm wide black film. First, ridges are made with a 30cm spacing between ridges; then the film is covered, and holes are made in a triangular pattern on both sides for planting, with a hole spacing of 25cm, maintaining 7000-8000 seedlings per mu. When planting, use a narrow iron shovel to make vertical downward cuts about 15cm deep on the side of the film every 25cm, and shake it back and forth to form a wedge shape. Place the prepared angelica seedlings in the holes at a ratio of 2 seedlings of different sizes, maintaining a seedling spacing of 3-5cm, and after ensuring that the roots of the angelica seedlings are spread out, fill the hole with fine, moist soil, so that the seedling head is level with the ground surface or 0.5cm above the ground surface. Apply pre-mixed poisoned soil around the seedlings (mix 200g of 80% carbendazim ultrafine wettable powder and 1000g of 15% chlorpyrifos granules with 50kg of fine dry soil), about 15g per hole, and then cover the angelica seedlings with moist fine soil to a thickness of about 5cm.

[0042] Shading: After transplanting, use a 50% shade net to provide shade to prevent excessive water loss and loss of vitality. Once the plant resumes growth, the shade net can be removed.

[0043] Compared with related technologies, the method for winter seedling cultivation of Angelica sinensis in a solar greenhouse provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a method for winter seedling cultivation of Angelica sinensis in a solar greenhouse. By using winter seedling cultivation in a solar greenhouse, the early bolting rate of Angelica sinensis after transplanting is significantly reduced, increasing the yield and benefits per unit area. This technology reduces seedling costs by using early bolting seeds for seedling cultivation, while effectively solving the problem of the difficulty in mastering the technology of Angelica sinensis seed saving. This method is the first to carry out Angelica sinensis seedling cultivation in areas below 2000m altitude, solving the problem of ecological damage caused by high-altitude seedling cultivation.

[0044] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention specification, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for winter seedling cultivation of Angelica sinensis in a solar greenhouse, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A solar greenhouse shall be constructed in an area below 2000 meters above sea level. The azimuth of the solar greenhouse shall be 5°~7° west of due south, the base angle of the front roof shall be 60°~65°, the elevation angle of the main light-receiving surface shall be 22°~25°, and the elevation angle of the rear slope shall be 37°~38°. Angelica seeds are sown in a greenhouse from late November to mid-December. The seeds include early-flowering seeds, lateral spike seeds, or main spike seeds. Control the environment inside the greenhouse to ensure that the air temperature in the coldest month is not lower than 12℃ and the soil temperature is not lower than 10℃, in order to avoid vernalization of the angelica seedlings; Seedling management includes water management, sunlight management, temperature control, weeding and thinning, and disease and pest control. After hardening off the seedlings in late April to early May of the following year, they were transplanted and planted out.

2. The method for winter seedling cultivation of Angelica sinensis in a solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The greenhouse adopts a steel arch frame brick-concrete wall structure or an earthen wall structure. There are no pillars in the cultivation area inside the greenhouse. The greenhouse film is a drip-free film, and the insulation material is straw curtain or insulation blanket.

3. The method for winter seedling cultivation of Angelica sinensis in a solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before sowing, prepare the land and apply fertilizer. Apply 5000 kg of high-quality decomposed farmyard manure, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10 kg of urea, and 15 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. Also, apply carbendazim and phoxim toxic soil for soil disinfection.

4. The method for winter seedling cultivation of Angelica sinensis in a solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, Flat bed seedling raising or plug tray seedling raising is adopted; the flat bed seedling raising has a bed width of 1.2m and a bed spacing of 40cm; the plug tray seedling raising adopts a 32-cell seedling tray, with 3-4 seeds sown in each cell.

5. The method for winter seedling cultivation of Angelica sinensis in a solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil covering thickness after sowing is 2mm, and water should be sprayed in time to keep the bed surface moist.

6. The method for winter seedling cultivation of Angelica sinensis in a solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seedling management stage includes: covering the seedbed with 50% shade netting at a depth of 20cm or more, and removing it when the seedlings are 5-8cm tall; controlling the daytime temperature in the greenhouse at 25℃-28℃, and maintaining the nighttime temperature above 6℃.

7. The method for winter seedling cultivation of Angelica sinensis in a solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seedling hardening process includes: gradually increasing ventilation starting from late March, removing the greenhouse film in mid-April, and using a 50% shade net to keep the temperature inside and outside the greenhouse consistent.

8. The method for winter seedling cultivation of Angelica sinensis in a solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, When transplanting, use a concentration of 2-4% for seedlings obtained from flatbed seedbeds. Soak the roots in gibberellin solution for 10-20 minutes to break dormancy.

9. The method for winter seedling cultivation of Angelica sinensis in a solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, After transplanting, the plants are covered with plastic film for cultivation, maintaining 7,000-8,000 seedlings per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), and are temporarily shaded with 50% shade netting.