Production method of aromatic tobacco suitable for heating cigarettes

Abstract

The invention relates to a production method of aromatic tobacco suitable for heating cigarettes, and belongs to the technical field of tobacco breeding. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a frost-free area or an area with irrigation conditions for continuous planting, and selecting a Cartridge variety; floating seedling raising (782-hole or 595-hole seedling raising trays) or soil bed seedling raising is adopted, and robust tobacco seedlings with the seedling age of 40-50 days are cultivated; during ploughing, thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer are applied, soil moisture is arranged according to the specifications that the soil moisture width and the ditch width are 40 cm respectively, and the soil moisture height is 15-20 cm, and the soil moisture is covered with a compaction film; carrying out fertilization management by adopting a compound fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio after transplanting; the natural enemies such as aphidius chinensis and arma chinensis are released to be combined with the combination of the nicotine-sophocarpidine compound, the chitosan oligosaccharide and the nanometer silica sol ternary mixed preparation for pest control; the temperature is controlled to be 20-28 DEG C, the humidity is controlled to be 70% during modulation, and the environmental adaptability is adjusted through the tobacco weaving density; and finally, packaging and storing after grading, moisture control and low pesticide residue treatment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of tobacco cultivation, and relates to a production method of a suitable tobacco for a heat-not-burn cigarette. BACKGROUND

[0002] The suitable tobacco for a heat-not-burn cigarette (Nicotiana tabacum Katerini) is a characteristic tobacco variety, which is widely used in high-end cigarettes and spice extraction due to its unique aroma components and low tar content. However, the traditional planting method has problems such as low yield, large quality fluctuation, poor pesticide residue control, etc. In the prior art, seedling raising relies on conventional soil beds, and the seedlings have poor stress resistance; the application of fertilizers does not distinguish geographical differences, resulting in soil nutrient imbalance; the control of diseases and pests excessively relies on chemical pesticides, which easily causes pesticide resistance and pesticide residue exceeding the standard. In addition, there is a lack of unified standard for harvesting, and the temperature and humidity control of the conditioning process is not accurate, resulting in loss of aroma components of tobacco leaves and low qualified product rate.

[0003] The present application is based on regional climate and soil characteristics, and innovatively integrates floating seedling raising, differentiated fertilization, biological-chemical synergistic control and precise conditioning process, aiming to establish a standardized production system of the suitable tobacco for a heat-not-burn cigarette, and provide a reliable solution for large-scale planting. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a production method of a suitable tobacco for a heat-not-burn cigarette, which has the characteristics of low recurrence rate of diseases and pests.

[0005] The purpose of the present application can be achieved by the following technical solutions: A production method of a suitable tobacco for a heat-not-burn cigarette, comprising the following steps: (1) selecting a frost-free or irrigated area for contiguous planting; (2) selecting Katerini variety; (3) cultivating seedlings by floating seedling raising or soil bed seedling raising; (4) plowing the soil and applying composted farmyard manure and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer as base fertilizer; (5) transplanting according to the preset row spacing and plant spacing, spraying insecticides before transplanting and pouring enough root-fixing water; (6) applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in field management, and prohibiting high-nitrogen fertilizer; (7) controlling diseases and pests by biological control combined with chemical pesticides; (8) harvesting tobacco leaves from bottom to top according to maturity and removing bottom leaves; (9) baling and conditioning the tobacco leaves after baling; (10) controlling moisture and pesticide residues after grading the tobacco leaves, and packaging and storing.

[0006] Further, the step (3) adopts 782-hole or 595-hole seedling trays to cultivate tobacco seedlings with 40-50 days of seedling age and 7.5-10 cm of stem height.

[0007] Further, the step (4) adopts a soil preparation specification with a 40 cm soil width and a 40 cm ditch width, a 15-20 cm soil height, and a bottom fertilizer application followed by a film covering and compaction.

[0008] Further, the step (6) adopts a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 1:1:1. .

[0009] Further, the step (7) adopts biological control including releasing aphid mummies, stinkbugs and armoured bugs.

[0010] Further, the step (7) adopts a ternary mixed preparation of chemical pesticides, including a nicotine-matrine compound, nicotine and matrine mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1, then diluted with water at a mass-volume ratio (m / v) of 1:500-1:800; chitosan, added at a mass fraction (w / w) of 0.05%-0.1%; and nano-silica sol, added at a mass fraction (w / w) of 0.02%-0.05%; the application mode is to mix the three and spray 2-3 times at intervals of 7-10 days, with a use amount of 50-80 L per mu each time.

[0011] Further, the step (8) adopts a harvesting standard of light green lower leaves, white middle leaves, yellow-green upper leaves, and top leaves cut after the center flower wilts and the number of leaf blades is less than or equal to 15.

[0012] Further, the step (9) adopts a curing temperature of 20-28 DEG C and a humidity of 70%, and adjusts the density of the tobacco leaves when it is dry or rainy.

[0013] Further, the step (10) controls the weight of the tobacco bale to be 10-15 kg, and controls the pesticide residues through low-residue pesticide screening and application interval.

[0014] The application provides a production method of a heating cigarette suitable tobacco, which integrates the selection of a planting area, the selection of a variety, seedling technology, field management, pest control, harvesting, curing and storage and packaging, and forms a scientific and standardized production technology system. The technical scheme not only significantly improves the yield stability and quality uniformity of the heating cigarette suitable tobacco, but also realizes the optimization of aroma components and the effective control of harmful substances through the precise control of the agronomic parameters in each production stage. The beneficial effects and action mechanisms mainly include the following aspects: The application constructs production modes suitable for different ecological conditions through the synergistic effect of planting area selection and soil improvement technology. The contiguous planting area without frost or with irrigation conditions is selected to effectively avoid the yield reduction risk caused by low temperature stress. At the same time, contiguous planting facilitates mechanized operation and unified prevention and control of diseases and pests, thereby reducing management costs. After soil ploughing, mature farmyard manure and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer, which not only supplements organic matter and trace elements, but also improves the soil aggregate structure and enhances the water and fertilizer retention capacity through the slow-release characteristics of farmyard manure. The parameters of the subsoil specification are designed as 40 cm for the subsoil width and the trench width, and 15-20 cm for the subsoil height, which takes into account the drainage and root growth space, and the technology of covering and compacting the film after applying the base fertilizer, effectively reducing water evaporation and nutrient loss, and creating a stable rhizosphere environment for early growth of tobacco plants. This environmental adaptability optimization mechanism enables the Catherine variety to maintain stable growth under different climate conditions, significantly improving the ability to resist drought and flood and resist nutrient imbalance.

[0015] The selection of the Catherine special variety is the basis for guaranteeing the quality characteristics. The variety has unique genetic characteristics in terms of aroma composition and nicotine content. The dual technical path of floating seedling and soil bed seedling can be flexibly selected according to regional resource conditions. The floating seedling adopts 782-hole or 595-hole seedling trays, which realizes precise control of space competition at the seedling stage through hole density regulation, and cooperates with 40-50 days of seedling age management and 7.5-10 cm of stem height index to ensure that the tobacco seedlings have developed roots, thick and uniform stems, and the uniformity is more than 95%. This standardized seedling technology breaks through the limitation of the traditional seedling method affected by environmental fluctuations, and the healthy tobacco seedlings after transplanting shorten the seedling period by 3-5 days and the survival rate is improved to more than 98%, laying a solid foundation for material accumulation and quality formation in the later period. The light and temperature regulation and nutrient supply strategy at the seedling stage further promotes the preliminary synthesis of terpenes, phenols and other aroma precursor substances through the early activation of the secondary metabolic pathway.

[0016] The field nutrient management adopts a layered supply mode of "base fertilizer + topdressing". The ratio of mature farmyard manure and compound fertilizer in the base fertilizer not only meets the rapid demand of tobacco plants for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the early stage, but also provides nutrients in the middle and late stages through the continuous mineralization of organic matter. High-nitrogen fertilizers are strictly prohibited in the topdressing stage, and instead, a regionally customized nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio formula is adopted; For example, Baoshan area , Dehong area The difference in the ratio is based on accurate determination of the soil nutrient background value of the two places, and the disease resistance and yellowing maturity of the tobacco plants are significantly improved by increasing the proportion of potassium. As an activator of various enzymes, potassium not only promotes the transport of carbohydrates and starch accumulation, but also optimizes water use efficiency by regulating stomatal opening and closing. The dynamic adjustment of the phosphorus ratio accurately matches the energy metabolism needs at different growth stages, avoiding the early flowering phenomenon caused by excessive phosphorus. This nutrient dynamic balance mechanism allows the coordinated development of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in tobacco plants, providing an adequate material basis for the synthesis of aroma substances.

[0017] The present application innovatively establishes a green prevention and control system with biological control as the main method and chemical control as the auxiliary method. Biological control releases natural enemy insects such as aphid parasitoids, spinedasiids and trigonotylus armatus, thereby achieving sustained control of main pests such as aphids and tobacco green worms. The population density of pests is reduced by 70-85% within 30 days after the release of natural enemies, and the effect lasts throughout the growing season.

[0018] The chemical pesticide used in the present application is a ternary mixed preparation of nicotine · matrine compound, chitosan oligosaccharide and nano silicon sol, which significantly improves the effect of preventing and controlling tobacco pests through multi-dimensional synergistic effect, while taking into account environmental friendliness and tobacco quality stability. The following analyzes the mechanism of each component and the overall synergistic effect: The nicotine · matrine compound serves as the core insecticidal component and achieves efficient pest control through a dual action mechanism. Nicotine belongs to the neurotoxin class of alkaloids and can block the acetylcholine receptors of insects, leading to continuous excitement, paralysis and eventually death of the pests, especially for pests with piercing-sucking mouthparts such as aphids and tobacco green worms, which have both contact and stomach toxicity. Matrine, on the other hand, destroys the cell structure of the midgut of pests, inhibits digestive enzyme activity, causes pests to refuse to eat, and interferes with their molting process. After compounding, the quick-acting nature of nicotine and the long-lasting effect of matrine complement each other. Experimental data show that the 72-hour mortality rate of the compound to aphids is more than 95%, which is 20%~30% higher than that of a single component, and the acute toxicity to natural enemy insects such as ladybugs and green lacewings is reduced by 40%, effectively maintaining the ecological balance in the field.

[0019] The introduction of chitosan oligosaccharide establishes a plant-microbe-pest three-level defense system. As an oligosaccharide biological stimulant, chitosan oligosaccharide can activate plant systemic acquired resistance, induce the activity of defense enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidase in tobacco leaves to increase by 3~5 times, promote the synthesis of lignin and plant phenolics, and form a physical barrier and chemical defense double resistance. At the same time, chitosan oligosaccharide can be used as a carbon source for microorganisms to enrich beneficial bacteria such as bacillus and pseudomonas, form a biofilm in the rhizosphere of tobacco plants, and reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases through competition inhibition and antibiotic secretion.

[0020] The innovative application of nano-silica sol solves the core contradiction between pesticide persistence and environmental adaptability. It forms a uniform nano-silicon film (thickness 50-100 nm) on the surface of tobacco leaves through electrostatic adsorption. This film has three functions: first, the physical barrier effect can reduce more than 90% of direct UV radiation and rainwater erosion, making the retention of pesticide on the leaf blade increase by 2.3 times, and the persistence period from the conventional 7 days to 12 days; second, the rough surface of the silicon film can rub off the wax layer of small pests such as aphids, enhancing the penetration efficiency of chemical pesticides; third, silicon as an essential nutrient for plants can be absorbed through stomata and participate in cell wall synthesis, enhancing the mechanical resistance of tobacco plants. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the density of siliconized cells on the surface of tobacco leaves treated with nano-silica sol increases by 37%, significantly improving the resistance to physical damage such as wind and hail.

[0021] The synergistic effect of the ternary system is reflected in the dual optimization of spatial and temporal dimensions and action levels. Spatially, nicotine and matrine are responsible for quickly killing invading pests, chitosan oligosaccharide induces plant resistance to prevent potential infection, and nano-silica sol builds a persistent protective layer, forming a "contact-system-physical" three-level defense network; temporally, the quick-acting nature of chemical pesticides and the delayed effectiveness of biological stimulants and the slow-release nature of nanomaterials form a dynamic cover. At the same time, the results of tobacco residue detection show that it meets the European Union's residual standards for organic tobacco (≤0.01 mg / kg).

[0022] In terms of environmental safety, the particle size of nano-silica sol (10-20 nm) is much larger than the critical size (5 nm) that can enter plants through stomata, and silicon can be converted into silicate in the soil and absorbed by plants, posing no residual risk. Chitosan oligosaccharide, as a natural polysaccharide, can be completely degraded by microorganisms in the environment. The half-life of nicotine and matrine complex is only 3-5 days, much lower than the 30-60 days of traditional organophosphorus pesticides.

[0023] Harvesting standards are differentiated based on leaf location: lower leaves are harvested when they are pale green, at which point cell membrane permeability increases and polyphenol oxidase activity is at its peak, which is conducive to the conversion of aromatic precursors; middle leaves are harvested when the veins turn white, at which point starch and protein content drops to an appropriate range, preventing the formation of hard yellow tobacco during curing; upper leaves are harvested when they are yellowish-green, and the top leaves are harvested after the central flower has withered, with a limit of ≤15 leaves, ensuring full maturity of the top leaves. This location-specific harvesting strategy ensures optimal chemical conversion of tobacco leaves in each location. The harmony of aroma components is significantly improved. The curing process, through temperature gradient control of 20-28℃ and maintenance of 70% humidity, creates a microenvironment similar to natural aging, promoting the synergistic formation of carotenoid degradation products and Maillard reaction products. A flexible mechanism for adjusting tobacco density during drought or rainy weather effectively avoids the impact of environmental fluctuations on curing quality, ensuring the stable accumulation of aroma components. After grading, the moisture content of the tobacco leaves is controlled within the range of 11-13%, which both inhibits microbial activity and avoids aroma volatilization caused by excessive drying. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with embodiments, is provided below.

[0025] Example 1 (1) Select a contiguous planting area of ​​10 mu in Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, which is free from frost and equipped with drip irrigation facilities, with a soil pH of 6.5; (2) Plant the Caterini variety with a seed purity of ≥98%; (3) The floating seedling raising technology is adopted, using 782-cell seedling trays, with a seedling raising cycle of 45 days. The daytime temperature is controlled at 22~25℃ and the nighttime temperature at 18~20℃. The stem height of the seedlings is 8.5±1.0 cm and the root system is net-like. (4) The tillage depth is 30 cm, and the ridge specifications are 40 cm wide, 40 cm wide, and 18 cm high. Apply 15 tons of decomposed cow manure and 750 kg of compound fertilizer per hectare as base fertilizer. Cover with black biodegradable mulch and compact it; (5) The row spacing is 120 cm × 50 cm. Before transplanting, spray with 5% imidacloprid emulsifiable concentrate and water with 1.5 cubic meters of water per mu for root establishment; (6) Apply 25 kg of compound fertilizer per mu during the crowning stage, and apply more during the vigorous growth stage. 10 kg of 50% potassium fertilizer, urea is prohibited throughout the entire process; (7) Release aphid parasitic wasps (500 wasps / mu) and stink bugs (30 wasps / mu) 30 days after transplanting; mix nicotine and matrine at a mass ratio of 1:1 to prepare a 1:600 ​​(m / v) stock solution, add 0.08% (w / w) chitosan oligosaccharide and 0.03% (w / w) nano silica sol, and spray 60 liters per mu each time, and apply the medicine twice at an interval of 8 days; (8) The harvesting standard is as follows: the lower leaves (4th-6th leaves) are light green; the middle leaves (7th-12th leaves) are 90% white when the tobacco veins are white; the upper leaves (13th-18th leaves) are yellowish-green, with ≤15 leaves left at the top, and the central flowers are harvested all at once after they have withered. (9) The tobacco density is 25-30 pieces per stick, the modulation temperature gradient is increased from 24℃ to 28℃, the humidity is kept constant at 70%, and the modulation cycle is 18 days; (10) After the tobacco leaves are graded, the moisture content is controlled to 12%, the pesticide residue is tested to be ≤0.05mg / kg, each bag weighs 12kg, and is packaged in breathable and moisture-proof paper for storage.

[0026] Example 2 (1) Select a contiguous planting area of ​​15 mu in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province, which is free from frost and equipped with sprinkler irrigation facilities, with a soil pH of 6.8; (2) Plant the Caterini variety with a seed purity of ≥98%; (3) The floating seedling technology was adopted, using 595-cell seedling trays, with a seedling cycle of 50 days. The daytime temperature was controlled at 23~26℃ and the nighttime temperature at 19~21℃. The seedlings had a stem height of 9.0±1.0 cm and a well-developed and evenly distributed root system. (4) The tillage depth is 35 cm, and the ridge specifications are 40 cm wide, 40 cm wide, and 20 cm high. Apply 18 tons of decomposed sheep manure and 800 kg of compound fertilizer per hectare as base fertilizer. Cover with white biodegradable mulch and compact it; (5) The row spacing is 110 cm × 55 cm. Before transplanting, spray with 10% acetamiprid EC and water with 2 cubic meters of water per mu for root establishment. (6) Apply 30 kg of compound fertilizer per mu during the crowning stage, and apply more during the vigorous growth stage. 12 kg of potassium fertilizer with a content of 52%; fertilizers with a nitrogen content of more than 46% are prohibited throughout the entire process. (7) Release aphid parasitic wasps (600 wasps / mu), stink bugs (35 wasps / mu), and forked horned stink bugs (20 wasps / mu) 35 days after transplanting; mix nicotine and matrine at a mass ratio of 1:1 to prepare a 1:700 (m / v) stock solution, add 0.09% (w / w) chitosan oligosaccharide and 0.04% (w / w) nano silica sol, and spray 70 liters per mu each time, and apply the medicine 3 times at 9-day intervals; (8) The harvesting standard is as follows: the lower leaves (4th-6th leaves) are light green and the veins are slightly white; the middle leaves (7th-12th leaves) are completely white and the leaf surface is slightly yellow; the upper leaves (13th-18th leaves) are yellowish-green and the leaf tips are slightly curled, with ≤15 leaves left at the top, and the leaves are cut off within one week after the central flower withers. (9) The density of tobacco woven is 28-32 pieces per pole. The temperature gradient is increased from 22℃ to 26℃, and the humidity is kept constant at 70%. The density of tobacco woven is adjusted according to the weather conditions. The conditioning cycle is 20 days. (10) After the tobacco leaves are graded, the moisture content is controlled to 11.5%, the pesticide residue is tested to be ≤0.04mg / kg, the net weight of each bag is 13kg, and the paper packaging material with good air permeability is used for storage.

[0027] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example does not involve the use of chemical pesticides to control pests and diseases; the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0028] Comparative Example 2 In this comparative example (6), the topdressing fertilizer was replaced with urea containing 46% nitrogen instead of compound fertilizer, and the remaining steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0029]

[0030] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing flavored tobacco suitable for heated cigarettes, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Select areas free from frost or with irrigation conditions for contiguous planting; (2) Select the Caterini variety; (3) Cultivate tobacco seedlings through floating seedling raising or soil bed seedling raising; (4) Till the soil and apply well-rotted farmyard manure and NPK compound fertilizer as base fertilizer; (5) Transplant according to the preset row and plant spacing. Spray insecticide and water thoroughly before transplanting. (6) Apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers in field management, and prohibit high-nitrogen fertilizers; (7) Use biological control combined with chemical pesticides to control pests and diseases; (8) Harvest tobacco leaves from bottom to top according to maturity and remove the bottom leaves; (9) Post-batch processing of tobacco; (10) After grading the tobacco leaves, control the moisture and pesticide residues, and package and store them.

2. The method for producing flavored tobacco suitable for heated cigarettes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), floating seedling raising uses 782-hole or 595-hole seedling trays to cultivate tobacco seedlings with an age of 40-50 days and a stem height of 7.5-10 cm.

3. The method for producing flavored tobacco suitable for heated cigarettes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), the soil moisture specifications are 40 cm wide for both the soil moisture and the furrow width, and 15-20 cm high for the soil moisture. After the base fertilizer is applied, the soil moisture is covered with a compacted film.

4. The method for producing flavored tobacco suitable for heated cigarettes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio in step (6) is: .

5. The method for producing flavored tobacco suitable for heated cigarettes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biological control in step (7) includes releasing aphid parasitic wasps, stink bugs, and forked horned stink bugs.

6. The method for producing flavored tobacco suitable for heated cigarettes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chemical pesticide in step (7) is a ternary mixture formulation, which includes: nicotine-matrine compound, which is made by mixing nicotine and matrine at a mass ratio of 1:1 and then diluting it with water at a mass-volume ratio (m / v) of 1:500~1:800; chitosan oligosaccharide, which is added at a mass fraction (w / w) of 0.05%~0.1%; and nano silica sol, which is added at a mass fraction (w / w) of 0.02%~0.05%. The application method is to mix the three and spray them 2~3 times at intervals of 7~10 days, with a dosage of 50~80L per mu each time.

7. The method for producing flavored tobacco suitable for heated cigarettes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The harvesting standard in step (8) is that the lower leaves are light green, the middle leaves have white veins, the upper leaves are yellowish-green, and the top leaves are harvested after the central flower has withered and there are ≤15 leaves.

8. The method for producing flavored tobacco suitable for heated cigarettes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (9), the temperature is adjusted to 20~28℃ and the humidity is 70%. The tobacco density is adjusted during dry or rainy weather.

9. The method for producing flavored tobacco suitable for heated cigarettes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (10), the weight of the tobacco pack is controlled to be 10-15 kg, and pesticide residues are controlled through screening for low-residue pesticides and application intervals.

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