489results about "Tobacco cultivation" patented technology

The invention relates to method for increasing the yield of a plant grown under conditions that cause periodic oxidative stress in said plant, comprising the step of growing a seedling, tissue culture or plantlet into a plant, and further comprising the step of manipulating said plant or the environment of said plant such that an increase in the rate of respiration and/or protein turnover in said plant due to said periodic oxidative stress is intentionally prevented during the early ontogeny of said plant.

The present invention relates to methods of improving germination rates of plants or crops, and of preventing or arresting water evaporation loss from targeted soil areas by use of soil additives, which allow for improved water utilization by crops, plants, grasses, vegetation, etc.

The invention discloses a lytic bacteriophage FQ44, which is classified and named as a lauraceae bacteriophage, and is preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection on September 29, 2020, and the preservation number of the bacteriophage is CCTCC (China Center for Type Culture Collection) NO: M2020560. The invention also discloses an application of the bacteriophage FQ44 in prevention and control of tobacco soil-borne bacterial wilt, and the bacteriophage is applied into soil by adopting a root irrigation method. According to the invention, the ralstonia solanacearum obligate bacteriophage is used for inhibiting tobacco soil-borne bacterial wilt, so that damage to common microbial communities in soil is avoided while the soil-borne bacterial wilt is prevented and controlled. Indoor related experiments show that the bacteriophage FQ44 belongs to muscular tail bacteriophage, can effectively inhibit the growth of part of tobacco ralstonia solanacearum, and has the best effect when being applied according to the optimal infection complex number (MOI 1-10); and field experiment results show that the bacterial wilt can be effectively inhibited, and the bacterial wilt inhibitor has a wide prospect.

The invention discloses a cigar preparation method. The method comprises the following steps of 1, seed obtaining; 2, cigar floating seedling raising; 3, cigar field transplanting; 4, cigar productionmanagement; 5, cigar leaf picking; 6, cigar leaf curing; 7, cigar leaf fermentation; 8, cigar rolling. Accordingly, the oil content is sufficient, the tension is good, curing and hand making technologies are adopted, and environmental friendliness and safety are achieved.

The invention provides efficient biocontrol trichoderma asperellum for tobacco fusarium root rot and application thereof, the preservation name of the trichoderma asperellum is trichoderma asperellum Tr-0111, the trichoderma asperellum is preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection, the preservation date is August 21, 2020, and the preservation number is CCTCC NO: M 2020441; according to the research, soil microorganisms are separated and screened to obtain an efficient biocontrol fungus strain with a relatively good inhibiting effect on tobacco fusarium root rot, the variety of the strain is determined by utilizing a method of combining traditional morphology and modern molecular biology, and the growth promoting effect of the strain on tobacco is determined; a foundation is laid for further development of research on the control effect and bacteriostatic active substances of efficient biocontrol bacteria potted plants and productization and industrial production of biocontrol bacteria, and the efficient biocontrol trichoderma asperellum has certain scientific basis and application value for biological control of soil-borne diseases in main tobacco-growing areas in Henan province.

The invention discloses a fertilizer, water and pesticide integrated management method for tobacco. The method is characterized in that all organic fertilizers and 60% of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are applied to ridge bottoms during ridge forming as basal fertilizers; 40% of inorganic phosphate fertilizer, 20% of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer and 10% of inorganic potassium fertilizer are subjected to pit application during transplanting; the rest nitrogen-potassium fertilizers and pesticides for preventing plant diseases and insect pests are applied through a drip irrigationsystem, drip-irrigation fertilizer and pesticide application is carried out once 15d after tobacco seedling transplanting, and the irrigation volume is 3m<3>/mu; drip-irrigation fertilizer application is carried out once at a resettling stage, and the irrigation volume is 10m<3>/mu; drip-irrigation fertilizer application is carried out once at a vigorous growth stage, and the irrigation volume is15m<3>/mu; and drip-irrigation fertilizer application is carried out once after tip pruning, and the irrigation volume is 5m<3>/mu. The method has the advantages that the requirements of tobacco production on water and fertilizers are taken into account comprehensively, disease and insect pest control also gains attention, integrated management on water, fertilizers and pesticides for tobacco production is achieved by dint of a water and fertilizer integrated system, the labor intensity is lowered, the increase of water and fertilizer utilization efficiency is facilitated, the content of potassium in tobacco leaves is increased, the disease incidence of plant diseases and insect pests is lowered, and the yield and quality of the tobacco leaves are improved.

The invention discloses a gradual ridging cultivation method for efficiently cultivating tobacco roots. The gradual ridging cultivation method comprises the steps of flat tobacco seedling transplanting, intertillage for weeding, gradual ridging and topdressing. Accordingly, the tobacco roots can be efficiently cultivated, penetration depth of the roots of the underground part of tobacco is enhanced, fibrous roots are enriched, the number of adventitious roots is increased, nicotine synthesis is facilitated, the tobacco leaf yield is increased, the tobacco leaf quality is improved, the tobaccostrain resistance is improved, the tobacco leaf field maturity and tolerance is improved, and leaf ageing and full ripe stage are delayed; by means of flat transplanting, a mechanical intertillage weeding hiller is introduced conveniently, application of a herbicide and tobacco pesticide residue damage are reduced, the tobacco cultivation efficiency is improved, the labor time is shortened, and the income of tobacco growers is increased.

A tobacco production system is provided for producing useable tobacco material having chemical and physical properties acceptable to tobacco industry stakeholders, by growing tobacco entirely in a directly seeded system, under an intensive biomass growing system, mechanically harvesting above-ground portions of the plant a plurality of times during the growing season, curing tobacco leaves and stalks together, and processing the cured tobacco material to obtain cured leaf material suitable for use in tobacco products including, but not limited to, cigarettes, cigars, snus, snuff, chewing tobacco, pipe tobacco, reconstituted tobacco material, and other manufactured tobacco products.

The invention provides a water-saving cultivation method for flue-cured tobacco, which relates to the technical field of cultivation of the flue-cured tobacco. The method includes the following steps:sowing seeds of the flue-cured tobacco on seedling raising trays, raising the seedlings for 55-60 days, growing to an individual with 5-6 true leaves and a natural plant with the height of 5-7 cm; inwinter performing deep tillage on soil, preparing land, applying fertilizer, ridging with ridge body row spacing of 1.2 2m and 1.1m arranged crosswise in order and with the ridge height of 30-35cm, digging transplanting holes on top of a ridge, watering water of 1.0-1.5 kg per hole, transplanting tobacco seedlings after water infiltration, planting the seedlings by employing a transplanting manner, applying poison baits after the plantation, and covering mulching film with a width of 2.2 m; after 7-10 days of the transplantation, pricking 1-3 ventilation holes with the diameter of 1-2 cm on the mulching film right above the tobacco seedlings; after 13-15 days of the transplantation, keeping 1 cm distance of largest leaves of the tobacco seedlings from the mulching film, expanding the diameter of the ventilation holes to 6-10 cm, and after 18-20 d of the transplantation, expanding the diameter of the ventilation holes to 20 cm; applying fertilizer belts, watering, sealing nests when the tobacco seedlings grow to 8-10 cm above the mulching film; in 25 d of transplantation, in case of rainfall, pricking water seepage holes in a ridge body with row spacing of 1.1 m and at a distance of 25 cm from tobacco plants; and after transplanting for 25 days, covering straw. The method has the beneficial effects of water conservation, high temperature of the ridge body, early plantation andearly harvesting of the flue-cured tobacco, and alleviation of harm of summer drought.

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a cultivation method for decreasing the tobacco incidence rate and improving the tobacco quality. The cultivation method for decreasing the tobacco incidence rate and improving the tobacco quality comprises the following steps that (1) tobacco field preparation is conducted; (2) organic materials are prepared and applied; (3) waterflooding and film-coating treatment is conducted; (4) base fertilizer is applied to the whole land; (5) planting and transplanting are conducted; and (6) top application is conducted. According to the cultivation method for decreasing the tobacco incidence rate and improving the tobacco quality, organic material applying, waterflooding and film-coating treatment are conductedon the tobacco field in the cultivation process, parts of soil pathogens can be directly killed through organic acid caused by anaerobic fermentation of the organic materials, and the tobacco incidence rate is reduced; the soil hardening level can further be improved after the organic materials are applied, weeds are decreased, and tobacco field soil nutrient material content is increased, thus the problems that the disease resistance of the tobacco is decreased due to soil degradation, and tobacco disease occurs frequently due to the fact that the cardinal number of pathogenic bacteria in weeds and soil and pests such as root-knot nematode is large are reduced, and the incidence rate of common diseases of the tobacco is remarkably reduced while the quality of the tobacco can be improved.

The invention provides a cigar production method, and belongs to the technical field of cigar production and manufacturing. The method comprises the following steps: (1) soil preparation, ridging and transplanting; (2) fertilizing, irrigating and topping the tobacco plants; (3) harvesting and airing the tobacco leaves after the tobacco leaves are mature, wherein the moisture content of the aired tobacco leaves is 16-18%; (4) performing tobacco leaf moisture regaining after the tobacco leaves are graded until the water content of the moisture-regained tobacco leaves is 20%-26%; and (5) carrying out primary fermentation, alcoholization, secondary fermentation and alcoholization on the moisture-regained tobacco leaves to obtain cigar coats, cigar sleeves or cigar cores. A secondary fermentation method is adopted in the fermentation process, and differentiated fermentation is carried out according to different products in the fermentation process; the temperature range in the fermentation process is suitable, and the fermentation sufficiency can be guaranteed through temperature control during stack turning; and through the secondary fermentation, and the temperatures of the two times of fermentation are slightly different, so that the tobacco leaves are further fully fermented, the bitter taste of the cigars is eliminated, and the taste of finished cigars is adjusted.

The invention discloses a cultivation method of a disease nursery of tobacco bacterial wilt on the basis of a cultivation mode of tobacco-paddy continuous cropping. The disease nursery is cultivated by adopting the mode of tobacco-paddy continuous cropping, and the invention emphatically solves the problems of germ types and sources, the maintaining of the germ amount and uniformity, and the like,so that the maintenance cost of the disease nursery is reduced, and the requirement on the disease nursery by a resistance breeding project is better met.

The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling bacterial wilt and black shank of tobacco by using tagetes erecta. The method comprises the following steps that 1) tagetes erecta is sowed, wherein 15-25 days before tobacco transplantation, according to the conventional technology, tobacco field soil preparation, fertilization, ridging and film covering are conducted, then tagetes erecta is sowed at the two sides of each tobacco ridge every two rows, and meanwhile tagetes erecta is sowed on the periphery of a tobacco field; 2) during tobacco seedling transplantation,0.50-0.80 kgof a tagetes erecta culture grafting soil mixture is applied to the periphery of each tobacco seedling plant; 3) thinning is conducted on tagetes erecta sowed at the two sides of each tobacco ridge every two rows, the plant spacing is 10-15 cm, the row spacing is 40-60 cm, and redundant tagetes erecta seedlings after thinning are transplanted to the periphery of the tobacco field; 4) tagetes erecta among the tobacco ridges is overturned and pressed; tagetes erecta on the periphery of the tobacco field is removed, air-dried and prepared into tagetes erecta rhizome smashed substances by using apulverizer. The method is convenient to operate and easy to manage, the occurrence and spreading of bacterial wilt and black shank of the tobacco can be effectively reduced, and the defects are overcome that in the prior art, the medicine treatment of biological pesticide is unstable, the residue of chemical pesticide exceeds the standard, and the ecological environment is damaged.

The invention provides a flue-cured tobacco seedling culture matrix which comprises sawdust, corn straw particles, pearl powder and chitosan. The invention further provides a seedling culture method adopting the matrix. The method includes: (1), decomposing and disinfecting; (2), dishing and seeding; (3), performing water management; (4), performing temperature, humidity and nutrient management; (5), hardening seedlings. The matrix and the method have the advantages that the flue-cured tobacco seedling culture matrix which is low in cost and can use local materials is researched to replace a flue-cured tobacco conventional seedling culture matrix-turf; the seedling culture method for guiding flue-cured tobacco production and being high in root system activity, short in seedling recovery period and high in survival rate and stress resistance (especially drought resistance) is researched and formed, and a foundation is laid for development of flue-cured tobacco industry.

The invention relates to a rice and tobacco alternate planting method, and belongs to the technical field of planting. The method comprises the steps of 1, rice planting, wherein seed selection, seedling raising, seedling transplanting and transplanted field management are performed, and harvesting is performed after rice is mature; 2, rice field management, wherein after rice is harvested, all harvested straw is subjected to mulching treatment; 3, tobacco planting, wherein after fertilization, tobacco is transplanted and planted; 4, tobacco management, wherein weeding, deinsectization, irrigation and fertilization are performed; 5, tobacco harvesting, wherein tobacco is harvested after being mature. According to the method, chemical fertilizer consumption in the tobacco planting process is greatly lowered, the soil properties are improved, the tobacco leaf yield is increased, the content of aroma substances in tobacco leaves is greatly increased, and the tobacco leaf quality is improved. Interplanting is performed on tobacco and soybeans or wheat, planting space and resources are sufficiently utilized to the maximum extent, element loss is avoided, it is ensured that elements arerecycled, circulation and balance of an ecological system are ensured, and environmental protection is facilitated.

The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco planting and discloses a cigar wrapper tobacco leaf and cigar filler tobacco leaf co-plant production type cigar tobacco cultivation method. Themethod includes steps: preparing cigar tobacco variety seeds; cultivating in a natural light environment in illumination intensity of 70%, transplanting tobacco plants, and fertilizing, wherein the fertilizing amount is in a range of fertilizing amount required in cigar wrapper tobacco culture and fertilizing amount required in cigar filler tobacco culture; after transplanting, harvesting bottomcigar wrapper tobacco leaves when the dark green color of the bottom leaves fades, sequentially picking the cigar wrapper tobacco leaves from bottom to top, and avoiding topping after a squaring stageof cigarette plants; topping the plants after picking of the cigar wrapper tobacco leaves is finished to increase the environmental illumination intensity to 100% natural light, and starting to harvest tobacco leaves when upper cigar wrapper tobacco leaves turn white. By adoption of the cigar tobacco cultivation method, the produced cigar wrapper tobacco leaves are complete and fine and smooth intexture, and cigars with produced cigar filler tobacco leaves are prominent in style and characteristic in smoking tests.

The invention discloses a floating seedling raising method for tobacco planting, which comprises the specific steps of I, disinfecting; II, leveling a nutrient pool, padding with a film, and adding water; III, loading trays; IV, seeding; V, managing a nutrient solution; and VI, providing seedling stage management. A floating seedling raising field before disinfection and floating seedling raisingequipment are selected; disinfection management after seedling management is provided; the whole floating seedling raising method and system for tobacco planting are complete, so that the problems ofseedling burning, low growth speed, uneven growth speed and proneness to anoxic decay existing in common floating seedling raising for tobacco panting are solved, the yield and quality of tobacco cultivation production are increased, the harvest time is prolonged, and the use amount of pesticides is limited and reduced.

The invention belongs to the technical field of green manure plowing field-returning and discloses a method for Dongmu No.70 green manure plowing field-returning in a northern cold tobacco growing area. According to the YC/T142-1998 Investigation Methods of Tobacco Agronomic Characters, main agronomic characters of tobacco plants in each field are measured; grading and then statistics of tobacco yields, mean prices, output values and proportions of high, medium and low grade tobacco are carried out according to standard requirements in the GB 2635-1992 Flue-cured Tobacco, and main economic characters are investigated; field survey and sampling are carried out for tobacco in different plots, and C3F tobacco is extracted in processing and delivered to the Tobacco Quality Supervision and Inspection Test Center of the Ministry of Agriculture for testing and assessment; in harvesting of tobacco uppermost leaves is realized by a cutting-ring method, and a relative water content and a volumeweight of soil are measured; and soil organic matters are measured by a potassium dichromate volumetric method-an external heating method, and the content of water soluble chlorine ions is measured bya silver nitrate titration method. The method applies a green manure plowing technology for the tobacco area through green manure variety tests, and provides a theoretical basis for improving soil, fertility and tobacco quality.

The invention relates to an ecological prevention and treatment method for soil-borne diseases in a tobacco field. The method comprises the following steps: treatment of soil in the tobacco field, addition of organic materials, water irrigation, film mulching, etc. The method provided by the invention can kill soil pathogenic fungi, bacteria or nematodes capable of causing plant diseases without application of any chemical agents, also can improve the yield and quality of a crop, and has short processing time and strong popularizing value.

The invention relates to an upper-six-tobacco-leaf flue-cured tobacco planting method capable of enlarging a range of use of upper tobacco leaves and increasing a quality utilization ratio of the upper tobacco leaves. The method comprises the following planting steps: tobacco field selecting, floatation seedling nursing, flat land transplanting and root extending stage ridge covering, root extending stage fertilizing, strain tip pruning, ripening stage management and upper-six-tobacco-leaf harvesting. According to the method, the color, chromaticity and identity of the tobacco leaves are improved, the global appearance quality of the upper tobacco leaves is improved, the proportion of first-class tobacco leaves is increased, and the coordination of chemical ingredients of the tobacco leaves is improved.

The invention relates to a planting method for intercropping of flue-cured tobacco and quinoa, belonging to the technical field of quinoa planting. The planting method comprises the following steps: planting land preparation, flue-cured tobacco planting management, quinoa seedling culturing, intercropping of the quinoa and the flue-cured tobacco, and field management for the quinoa after intercropping. According to the invention, tobacco planting, quinoa planting and soil protection are organically combined, and spare time and space of a tobacco area in autumn and winter are fully utilized forinterplanting the quinoa, so the utilization efficiency of land resources is effectively improved; the influence on soil hardening due to heavy fertilization during planting of preceding flue-cured tobacco is lightened; ecological pressure is retarded; ecological protection, soil improvement and economic development are simultaneously achieved; research and application demonstration sites for various planting techniques are established for ecological protection and sustainable development of the tobacco area and a poverty-stricken mountainous area; a theoretical basis is provided for the research on adjusting and controlling technologies for continuous cropping of tobacco, provides a scientific basis for realizing sustainable production of tobacco leaves, and has important practical significance on promoting modern tobacco production.

The invention discloses a tobacco seedling cultivation substrate capable of strengthening seedlings and reducing cadmium absorption and a preparation method and a use thereof. The substrate includes earthworm excrement and attapulgite powder. The preparation method includes the step of mixing earthworm excrement and attapulgite powder at a weight ratio of 10:1 to 1:1. The preparation of the earthworm excrement includes the following steps: composting and fermenting cow dung to form a product of composting and fermenting; breeding earthworms with the product of composting and fermenting; artificially separating the earthworms; obtaining earthworm excrement; air-drying the earthworm excrement to obtain dry earthworm excrement; and sieving the dry earthworm excrement. The preparation of the attapulgite powder includes the following steps: preliminarily grinding attapulgite by a mechanical method; grinding the attapulgite by a ball milling method; and sieving the attapulgite. The tobacco seedling cultivation substrate prepared by the method can significantly increase the weight of tobacco leaves and reduce the content of metal cadmium in tobacco leaves.

A fertilization-reducing and synergism-improving method of Vicia sativa L. inoculated with a rhizobium in tobacco land crop rotation comprises the following steps: 1, planting green manure: (1) carrying out amplification culture on a purified strain with peat and an assistant as a carrier until a logarithmic growth stage is reached, and fully and uniformly mixing the above formed bacterial suspension with sterilized peat under aseptic conditions to prepare a bacterial agent; and (2) performing seed dressing according to a mass ratio of the Vicia sativa L. to the bacterial agent of (7-10):1 under a field condition, drying the seeds in a shady place, performing broadcast sowing, overturning and pressing soil to make the seeds enter soil, and routinely irrigating the soil without applying a chemical fertilizer; 2, completely overturning and pressing Vicia sativa L. plants in a position 10-20 cm lower than the top of the soil when the Vicia sativa L. plants grow to a full-bloom stage; and3, carrying out seedling growth and irrigation in a routine manner during tobacco plantation, reducing the application amount of the chemical fertilizer by 20%, and carrying out harvesting and index determination after a mature stage is reached. The method has the advantages of reduction of the application amount of the chemical fertilizer, improvement of the yield of tobacco and the quality of flue-cured tobacco, and provision of a new green manure-flue-cured tobacco crop rotation manner.

The invention discloses a multifunctional bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention firstly discloses a multifunctional bio-organic fertilizer which is prepared from the following ingredients: plant straw, high silicon iron tailings, phosphate rock powder, potash fertilizer, magnesium sulfate, cake meal, feces of livestock and poultry, borax, fly maggotmixture and a microbial agent. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the multifunctional bio-organic fertilizer, and the preparation method comprises the steps that the plant strawis smashed and then mixed uniformly with other components, the mixture is piled for aerobic fermentation, pressing is performed for granulation, and the fertilizer is obtained. According to the multifunctional bio-organic fertilizer, the nutrients are full and balanced, the fertilizer efficiency is high and lasting, the universality is high, the fertilizer is suitable for different crops in different areas and different soil conditions, the crop yield or quality can be improved, and the community diversity and the productivity of the artificial grassland or natural deteriorated grassland are improved.