The invention discloses a railway field investigation system based on 3DGIS. The system comprises a desktop end database configuration module, a desktop end three-dimensional management module, a desktop end mobile equipment management module, a desktop end investigation accomplishment management module, a mobile end user management module, a mobile end three-dimensional display module and a mobile end investigation work module, wherein the desktop end database configuration module is used for carrying out professional investigation tool configuration, investigation user management and investigation project configuration, the desktop end mobile equipment management module is used for carrying out data input and investigation accomplishment output, the desktop end investigation accomplishment management module is used for carrying out format conversion and generating investigation reports, the mobile end three-dimensional display module is used for carrying out three-dimensional investigation base map loading, three-dimensional roaming, two-dimensional and three-dimensional mode display, layer control and system positioning, and the mobile end investigation work module is used for carrying out professional investigation tool drafting, investigation accomplishment storage, investigation accomplishment edition and investigation accomplishment query. The system is advantaged in that each professional digital railway field investigation work is realized.