The invention discloses a multi-source frequency domain ground-air electromagnetic detection and acquisition system and method. The method is a brand-new and efficient multi-source electromagnetic exploration method by reasonably setting an arrangement mode of three electrical sources, simultaneously carrying out multi-source multi-frequency excitation on the ground and carrying out data acquisition by adopting an unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted receiver in the air. According to the method, the included angles of extension lines of three electric sources are 60 degrees respectively, the electric sources are arranged on the ground in an equilateral triangle shape, the midperpendicular intersection point of the electric dipole sources is located in the center of an observation area, the length of an electric dipole is generally 1 to 3 kilometers, and the directions of the three electric dipole sources are consistent and are clockwise or anticlockwise. The multi-source acquisition mode can excite an electromagnetic field from multiple angles, improve the illuminance, enhance the signal intensity of a primary field, improve the distribution characteristics of a secondary field and suppress the edge effect of a target body, facilitates the determination of the plane position of an abnormal body, and provides an optimized multi-source excitation mode for a ground-air detection system.